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    679 views16 pages

    Karlheinz Stockhausen How Time Passes PDF

    Uploaded by

    Milan Kovacevic

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 16
    HOW TIME PASSES. Msi conits of order-lationshie i time; thi reuppees ha oe hs a conep- iw of sch tine. We hear aleratens an scout fld lence sound slencs or sud sound; and tween the alterations we can distinguish Une of ‘varying apse. These tne-nerale may be ld ps, ns order to compare ane group of phases wih anor we make a dinetion even ‘erode’ and ‘aperiodic’ plaseraps, and, hetaen the extreme, wed Yingish 3 retr or sale nurber of rannal age (os devin fom eer Prodi or aperiodic, cepnding on wth pedarnna), “To diferente varius phases, we compare one phatduration with another. We measure tinein phase-draions, oi uation of pase rou. Our terse porepios resus shorter o long pase. Proportions sve for mote eae delalon = one lest, thrieeas long as anther In ate fo fx operon, one choses nif quanti and this usually based online ss sare by the ick we say on se Stuaton ast oe Sezond, two scons, tenth fa scone. ‘Our soseperseption dives acoustically pereeptle phate int two IOUS: We ‘peak of dation nd pice. This becomes arf we ea shorten he th oF ‘hiv (eg that between two impubes) fom "10 "40.4" "ss dee sete Until a phiseduraton of approx." we can stl jn beat te ipl cpa ‘stil then, we pe of "duration if ne tat beret enemel short Shorten he hasrtion aval to 2," and the snpaler re no longer partly peri ‘ns can longs speak of te ‘aration ofa phate. The ate poses bosoms per nt, ates, in a iferent way: one pereie the se derstion athe pl oft Sound" pseduration makes sy, "tow" note Ifa mucin has earned arable’ pitches inthe sae eysom as we have Known ep to nov, be Wl a) that he ears approximately dubious B (8). But to recogni ich, the eat ‘avr atest wo egal phate duration, lferwie i eannot "ne ithe net oo short, Our seas perepion canaot reat to a ingle pase quickly now topes sive a “ratin, so summarizes several quanta to pve the eery ually ‘pick. Sealy storen the phase dation sl futher, fom" (oas" GB sie hu" (, ke and the note ncends a5 lisando fom ow to hh and me ea ul pk of leary recognisable pices wits phae-rtions upto appron. pie" We can pereive sll shorter phseuratons upto approx. yg tut Sac Ph ‘retin ges est in this tneaphere. Higher sil, we doa ber any more ‘Thus ove difereattes phase-durairs up to appros. "as drains, tnd, la ‘musi upto the present in, salle tre ad yt (ie tme-ordvag of Sra. tos) took pace inthe area tees apron. 6” ad ‘luseproparins were defined as chains -hactoni and melodie evens from appeon. "1 yyy” phave-duatin; lsirumerts wih higher Hots ave nt been wok, 0 OO “Thos the taston from on tee toaster canes xchange in our perception copie, Tas observation ou form the ba cf « ae morphology of musa tne ‘hn mttion of dain as ntl he vaso gta respond tote acm cf ose nutes. Thus, deren durations wee On nde i 0 fara ch lot ition asthe whale aumiber multiple a he uaitgunntm, of fined sore Sation Te absolute duration ofthe shores. tine-cuastum ete ried inde finde or was mtronomiealy eed. Tha, the sang! van sci a the sales ‘ng the with sven metonoms marking = meant aye" And al the tits tens” dsc cld were whok outer alge his: 2°53", 4", 3 ‘Ascoondtypeofndicaton took as i staring pointota snl guantam hich ws ale ta zest quan which then ed. Ths he son wrested ‘lags wit then wih wen metronome making © ~ 60, ant 1 nd the freon ofthis ration wee dena 4s J et a8 2793", 2" I"ve "Bt our powers of dsrminatoneannot regs the fc tht, thames, 10 ences are of esa se; one Ha Yo take in acount he able length othe Gras involved. Thus i's Bt phase ais, and 3 second pias 2, tee 8 ‘erence of 1” Two phaser of 1 and 12" durin have the sme difercoe oI But we perce te irc between I” and 2” a sete lar wheres te sae ence between 11 and 12" arly percept This cans hat we do nt pe ‘zie dierences, bt rater operant 1-2 the rer proportion as compared ith For zal of drains, whe disimilaries hal be perce cul sone mst we ganna relationships. The ital. tesierelatonei, i thre ‘ened ase withthe constant interval of prcption 21 fom duration to dation ould te 2,27, 2%, (2 4,8,» hitete designated ss gg, Such a seal Inurl nna, Howenet belo sal ecaute our powers of ivinistion pose mis: with relationships af apo. 15:16 we prsive cartons a most the same tenth Th interval 1516 coreponée tothe rlatieship which dace forthe dscrininaion af duratoe™ and “pick atthe "resbol of eaing") The se Ineval ao approschol in the cremate sae of piste sad upto now, whe the "semitone (apron. 15/16) eine as the smalstprcepuble gta. ‘nthe tineaen where phase duration are digas ches, mass has iter wel a severely tiniod sezction of pioseenghe, As a result of ong selon we ten ia cvomati syste, ae bao which he imple! phase reais 3: (he ‘osave) is the ma proportion, anc wise eich extve ence sen lah: sly vided into twee intervals C4), persived as qu. Most people who today ‘we ides inti satan are no aware at they ate ging form 10 ine propor ions, Tiss primary te faut ofthe one-sided development of wstrunedtal mi, ‘dof iaurumant comtration. Insamens with prepard se tang, ad a ‘cesing mecunisitn of noteproduton (abulr notation, ec) have eradicated the ‘oncotiness of what realy apece when the “pich a” i produced with phase ‘ration of 140". “his shouldbe dacase further. We re fain with th pitc-kebourd on which its pose to presen a sheomatc wale of pitches wth a constant pase eton- ships where every thirteenth chvomatic epi privet 2s "twice high o laws asthe Rist fhe development ofthe duration system were eaally advan, thee ‘would corespondingh bea Kebosed having avila "Guan? wih aso Phuserelaionhip ‘Vz, wine Mewse every thitestth chromatic sep would fe perctived as twice a Short or long I shoud be objected tat hemos Imagining éuration-eybourd unless we also iapie something tha so ve dae. io, we mast no ge annoyed Iisa aston of tuning a familar es upside-down ‘fe depress k,n te pith is dteminc by which Kyi pre down he Piano a rng then vibates periealy witha cera photo, and this oe linus a lang asthe nae eid onthe ky. Now ll ur tate te evere oe Apress ake, ath reac a mecisn whi meas a defined ent othe noe; and one detains th ich, the ine duration ofa single phase y he ine presureof the key (ocak his would mean tat hough he varie Key-resre the vibrating sing would be lengthened or shortened), woul he Be irlevant how long the Sige emai on tek, Upto now the ich of note has ml ben prodaceé mesh (and we have ‘mentioned the fact hat this swe rot oly of Keyboard inramsats), whe are ‘eile phase cltonshis (durations) have taken ships Hough te et ere Sn of ein into an ction of some gies laph; at an adequate complement, one ‘oul agin 2 system, working the oer way round othe rereaton of foo, pordoned durations the most fal thing would bean aren ringing tose ow hese cls, But ti ot the ay ters ave developed so faa Sh om siderations brig us a someting el, by the erences, of phism ee OMA A ad ahd ddd va ‘we utomatcaly peeves heereytherltonhp og (2)stelarpeand ape let (We 2 of duration) the reltonship J_ kg. (11:2) the smal and most ‘pated, Let oer wba onc asa of Grains el yin he where of see ‘Sintelnsti: i the short phae-draion were gly one Orbe a8 Ik ould bo sdey tice would be ™~ vhy”-ctweh tines would be ha". Ths cal Sharon sere 9f propo: Pre rceret WULS. Phesenclavee, In comparison wih scale bulk on vont inva, the subharmonic eli ‘nade The compen Mestaen wat wll aware of thiswhen carter seh alee ‘moder ins fourth Sy for pane, ‘Asc om [to I2gthas even itera that ne pers ae being varios ares and tht correspond those of the subharmons srs, What cl of dastions woud ferripend othe bvomatc scien the hiberi-eiing phat? I could pro ‘eas te presented win te eadtional sn or durations, sine these ae blo ‘tem of wole-aunberfelaonhips. We shoul! have 1 ivi the 2 of duatis (mere into eleven apparently equa intra, ie, 4 8x tele logins SS See Theatempt 0 tse tsubharmon wale of twelve durations a fit oresponded to ihe cent sae of tele ples ads to major contradictions, patel we ‘och a seal is adopted ag ted uncial Te was not supriing tht in tne ‘trata formed with auch avr of durations, the long vl enoued the sre ‘ns a har even where te sale unt wax exteme'shert, the rl was soe ‘erage speed Furthermore, the properuoms wee completely uneven, and het frchalypreordiped. was rcopised a an immutable splatin, f thee pro ortons were to Heat all percep, ta th aol duration of he shot pas of Such sees of proportions shouldbe fae Le. tht the tempo shoe pose be fed meronomicaly, oat least ep constant. Whe suuctual hangs exer on willingly tered the trpo: that the wae sadhana i 'up or dom 30 ‘hat oe did ot contnally wel asound i th sae mode: the sale was rooted If 2reaonhip were required rom le ol an “tne tanpesiin te sigh forthe smal phase was changed; tet of get, one now wrote tthe ttasposton wee upwards), oj Ut were downvars). Or one ade 2:3 {In set mi an ater is mae opt the tie roportons of te enn in ode, ty means of seri. The begining srl corto to de wih a pre of me portion which pereened as pc The stem of tc notes the octave at faken ae geo (in wt lms, he reationshp 2:1, cr simply the nue Ml Oe beta, when the contest reas forthe ter octane, whch as eal arom ‘mean The tele notes wee a easoeay linked uber of magnitudes, From tes mugituies one coal costct a sere, and the dstibution ofthe neve eveen ech para magaitads wou prods rainships pela to tht parca ‘eres, Between the One exene, whet ll elven ital ve the spe (roma ‘Seis, andthe other wher al leven intra ae diferent betray, ete as considerable tive. The work for which the series was consuced would hve & ‘raceriicaly niform pitchstacturcoreponing to the aout and dat buon of te ntervas inthe series. Almost tity years later, and ale many detour, ‘scurted to crposes to etend ths principle it ht seo tine poporonstia We datingu as durations. A scale of toe dvtions wat then sed, which mas Intended to correspon to de cera se of twelve pier 2 This seas howe ‘er could either te elated Io aster that lead end, or sould it be eloped nto oe tht would orespond. I nasavedat by the maliglsiton of «ama sit ftom! 2012 9/1310 123/ 1.16124 te. What sucha sae? ‘We lave slay mencned ut tations are sigue ty te relatorships, rot (in) ranspostion, Where be Sats ineral was ote’ Was: dad: ee. ‘hismuch was posible with the meats of adonalnetaton Composts were move of Hs coicous tht wiia te subharmonic duration sete, fom which series ase, proportont were eneven They foun ly dase ‘ayo seape onthe dificult ino which such evel slow estates ha Jed them. Various tuch subharmonic sr of proprio were simply piled on ep at ‘oe soothe, 30 tha, through the correspondingly multiples numberof aeration, & teaer average speed wou be achive, The sere ihe ad the tam eat pias (2) and wee meyaranged in dierent proportions nas PNRSEEE eben eetvsecr A Lth Tot OPER ELPROPELE ep Er Vee wve ELLY bey EET = I 4) eres in which the shots otevales were fret weve supped nthe lair ‘ase something similar fo polymdly arose, on = ba of ston xs, bat a the procs te eign! eton of forming puslatonshipe sry was null “The rent put from testy inappoptnenss of wing mod! and polyol ‘ime-racae ha he inevastmening from sh ipeposton ge ey thing but serial proportions, We ne hs inthe tral snaking fom the supeposson of {he two se above bho bb ELL b Such a procedure comesponés enact tothe weaent of itch sres that wariicied inthe popular weve one’ metho isthe ein thee praca of Uiking Im pans, Nile handling very qustionbl th els they make toate: ‘Nor is hee any sete in alemping Wo conceal uch sperpontion of par by making the pars cro great dea ar by making ea difernces betwee the pase: loraons andthe rea "sot curtion (The later ears! distipeton «note cay Independently of the ital of erry of the next not, have reshed ts minima meant erie) po cw sil cota afer he net aoe as Besa; that the eflettive none durstion determined bythe number of pases of sume dratlon ‘the pote remiss atthe sane ch that seazed eh eter, We ean teeore ‘describe anoteuration as plaernp) The der a simtanous superposition ‘fers was waved ths was usted on he round ta ob could Wey eg the ‘hansing average speeds ‘Auch mote sigan consequence, However, was tat ntl he ements were sed at every moment of «werk = that he sume sre weno lel cet, ‘praordte secs were trosced seri feist made son of laments forthe espeive renal phases Ina st structural phase cay he lent 1-5, f0t ample, ere wena econ, ony Tsai, 1-11, s that te Feo ‘of fog to short wiues wae avaye diferent handed, and tbe ovr ses es ml 4 Ab aLE HEL ay | rial prev tire structure, Corespondingy, ese were sb-oupod hd alley become te peace wih chs; Le, supr-deed series etd herent in {eoup om te element srs for exp the cements ta ty, 3, 136,701,288 511,10,89,2 5,6 121+, 2005.4 64,39 1, wasselied os (he supa ordered prow srt meant tha ve elects mould be wed in» fit souctue, namely 12, 1.9, 10 3. ten eit, name'y 6 7,128, 4 5 ly hen si mel 10 8,9, 2, 5,6 Ether the pse-irations othe srctres ia wah sich {rouptofelamenis would be usd, nee pected (eg. 20". 2" 40", ec), ora ulipirsere was ado, repute how en ash group of eenents Should be penmatd Ifthe mulipltionsenes was 811.8, 7,--c the meant tat fe Sint group of ve elements woud have eit permutations he second group af tig cents would have een permutation the hid group oi cements would Dave nin permutations es. These sein wih varus fnton could eer be ere Sorte dered from a corsmon orignal sre Ic was gue raul tat ase bwoporins, at fst composed only Geteon the singe sents (inthe “pout Sy) shall be ppied wal the pase of he upra-ordeted rata eqs; and Stata he mcrontine presses shoud be made fo seared with howl actotine (Carp-composiion’ To compose separate prs as phy sa sili enoranl thrice toa esut wiih certainly the mst evant for farther evlopants. One ad fo one fe: when, in an inal phase of the stu, tee such subharmonic thet, andi second ene, fete, thre ol tn veal imprenson of 9a easy, and ie average speeds ar a complex rev of srl Sena reltionshin Its to posible nth promt taketh pu ao far from thir vigil fein a2 "olo~ ie, ther "reper that they become merely inestrabl head nts ect, and ia network must be adie oly a sch ad nots a uperpostion of Dart, If inthe ed one cass sich polehthimc compen so far tha “poli” heating ofthe isvidaldrationselaozhip tues ito acura ing tense ethos wil be concerned, above al wih atch stave orm, with erg teh ‘Acorespoding precede wes followed inthe sphere fitch there mee strc in whch singe nots spd the intervals between than cou notte beard Doi Steal’ ut foe wish the average properties ofthe proupe ofthe ‘Boks of min pavtcule peels were dees. Thincoul ads times fo acompisesuapesic, sf ecognzable phaseationships to strctred "nie Reports an the methodic eneguerce of thi coneption of srcute and xtucurl bearing Can be ound ee ‘bern the programe book ofthe Rayeracte Rundi th Yeu, Sees 2 ad {he hteaught programme on “Webern and Debus’, WDRINDR). Soe wil O00 father into the dei f such experiments in mao (Our musical perepion ete at something was Rot i nde i the work bing done on timestracies, andthe mistake was sought in he compoiionletbod: ‘ipo ecur to none to rete o the elemento curator proportions bees — {o sk whether perhaps the contadctonIny ia th fas tenet I pinay sae ‘tons, The outcome was ined an extardnaiy rsh expansion of he ei) tho many ef whee ert wil oman ali The austen, howe, eine 1s Let us examin he econ posible way, tone above, of mahing the ehomase Dithseae by a comesponing clin the sphere oF durations: he procs of dviding largest sme quot asad of mpg asl ove, in dt to a of duration In what fellows, a subvisble ine quantum wil be ced the dane plas {Leta undametlphase of dation be viet by whole numbers the rds 2.3.4... and ibe lowing sea of durations results: 0, 3, os B.A, pap Hs, ad have hither ean sled Until nar ean be soe om ~ Osseo ui he eats {03:35" can be ated nti, unl spe ay ng eeiming and cod of ond van arn ye wear TART? ae Ta {nan atempt wo play cao hea examles ss cract a8 posible, efit wilcome slosst fo the proportion 42, andthe st will show the esis deviation rom fompared with mechanzaly-neawed tne. Irene engues move maul ino sk aso f bey one an sca theif ser ole one ih the ss) ‘of pertormance abet osc sar. Then one ty be deste 2 eel {nd thesis ofthe aoe fldsie Thus, rom the mee relaleaship beret ‘avis mets of notation and teresting dees of peso In pions, thee arses Muctuntion in on'sconspion of tne, a Mutation that cat be ‘dcribed sly in terms af rete values, Fo the motes, the ain point abo oft ‘zal is that one andthe ste ine proportion Mutts (0 a varying dere, sy further, tat the fica ofdubiey depend promessively oa te method of nots “How can one determine such elses mor clot ?t cannot simply be sid that an increasing complet of station elles eoresponcing reas i tei ofthe fi ‘Th best thing to do sto have several good instumentalists ply each ne ei st posite a varius times ~ sequence of equal and unequal ine proprtions, ttl ‘with vaying depres a orp. The rst re recorded ape, One then makers ‘ote of the deviations Between the timeproportons as noted a splayed, a teu the cde of aide ofeach devon. One docs in fot elenn more ot 1s typeal scat of deviation foreach etrumenalis, and ie les cin be come aed with he sale of degre of complet in th ottion: bat, ng the vriout fstrumerais seats, there ako appear enmon fcr isthe retnshp between feldsies andthe diflrent ways of noting durations Is beet to pure each re seuche, however, wih taperecordigs & compostions that alread) lnc such 0 {at proportins For on thin, he layer lor fs tht he isa pines pi, under aul enone and for anate, tbe ruses cone, which ofthe reste lnpotaes for Stl proporns, an be tke ito account in tring the sw of {he flds~ one ud the same degre of notational complenty can produce ailrent Ss scoring tate contest which nd the agency wih whi, ioe ot similar eis lio cach eter or are superposed. The more experience a comspower as Accumulate rom sch sen the lee his composition of tine els wil be: And itisa secondary question, wheter, pethaps in he course of ine, the sstrunentalss Aco, in plying suc mane, genely pho dee of precion’sosonds, teat acl of bela is regulated, thy the asa si fhe ar, 1 the proportions of one ine eld to anther. ‘Oe cul now choos a eis offsetting from 2 Beale scale that Ita fas hitherto, Tor sggle “pint. values. The Bess would noe be “cident (ike the latte et fr “nterpreaton’ in music upto now), but rater fKecingllyincade in the ine cempoiton and proportioned This atl oa fed at a eavely early sage in testa conipodon ft, Idec ot, howe iyo llcompostons at exhibits Hat gan, a complied ryt etae ich ese woul ave tobe exmninod tose frelon of ub have int been Stactaaly composed, of they rls "anceceter” om the nterptton of ‘A consstely compl otton of tme-proprtons. Any, i easy tose vba! [as meanders thon serial compordonsn wtih the comnoser hassle tte oii complex notation of tneeltionships to make i ease to Day, ‘AL st the weationsiptetean the Joes of nltional complet and the exact sof performance appeared unimportant ut ale observing we have drawn co Slaons that are decisive forthe furtber development of instrumental mus, ett foyen up snow pth separate ro hat of eetronc muse. Tet now oe what ae te fre posses of presaing Belt proportins with the ait ofthe exiting system of metrieshyumis notation. Phaso-eationshipe are regular long the metronome dein of the fandamena-phe fae so Stet When dscasing the devlopent ofthe mespacram in the epere of ri antaneata duran, weave aeady net te problem of what would happen when several pogps of asrumens if pose, separated in space — played sraaneoucly inditerentcorstan temp. Here there is vio a elation betwee the duratios of tte topos andthe dfnton ofthe Bald prepoton: the logs two ort ry In diferen empl, the more prooube itis that he une-tta wl ou of ae, be Spliced, Even apart from te fc hat sich daphcemens requ a coreponding mirl of feksturmony, fedcniensty, Beli

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