SC BN

VT LIU

Trn Minh T
i hc Xy dng
National University of Civil Engineering Ha noi January 2012
Chng 1

NI LC TRONG BI TON THANH

2
Chng 1. Ni lc trong bi ton thanh

NI DUNG
1.1. Cc thnh phn ng lc trn mt ct ngang
1.2. Biu ni lc Pp mt ct bin thin
1.3. Lin h vi phn gia m men un, lc ct v
ti trng phn b
1.4. Phng php v biu ni lc theo im
c bit
1.5. Biu ni lc ca dm tnh nh nhiu nhp
1.6. Biu ni lc ca khung phng

3(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 1.1. Cc thnh phn ng lc trn mt
ct ngang (1)

Trong trng hp tng qut trn mt

ct ngang ca thanh chu tc dng ca
ngoi lc c 6 thnh phn ng lc:

Mx x
Mz
Qx

NZ z
My
Qy

4(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 1.1. Cc thnh phn ng lc trn mt
ct ngang (2)

Bi ton phng: Ngoi lc nm trong mt

phng i qua trc z (yOz) => Ch tn ti
cc thnh phn ng lc trong mt phng
ny: Nz, Mx, Qy
Mx x

NZ z
Qy

Nz - lc dc; Qy - lc ct; Mx m men un

5(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 1.1. Cc thnh phn ng lc trn mt
ct ngang (3)
xc nh cc thnh phn ng lc: PHNG PHP MT CT
Qui c du cc thnh phn ng lc
Lc dc: N>0 khi c chiu i ra khi mt ct
Lc ct: Q>0 khi c chiu i vng quanh phn
thanh ang xt theo chiu kim ng h
M men un: M>0 khi lm cng cc th di

6(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 1.1. Cc thnh phn ng lc trn mt
ct ngang (4)

M M

N
Q Q

7(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 1.1. Cc thnh phn ng lc trn mt
ct ngang (5)

Cch xc nh cc thnh phn ng lc

Gi thit chiu cc thnh phn M, N, Q theo chiu
dng qui c
Thit lp phng trnh hnh chiu ln cc trc z, y
v phng trnh cn bng m men vi trng tm
O ca mt ct ngang

Z 0 => N= ...

Y 0 => Q= ...

M O 0 => M= ...

8(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 1.1. Cc thnh phn ng lc trn mt
ct ngang (6)
Biu thc quan h ng lc - ng sut
V l bi ton phng nn ch tn ti cc thnh phn
ng sut trong mt phng zOy => k hiu z , zy ( , )
Cc thnh phn ng lc trn mt ct ngang
N dA
( A)

dA
x
Q x
dA y
( A)

z

M y dA
( A) y
dA(x,y) l phn t din tch ca dt mt ct ngang A

9(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 1.2. Biu ni lc (1)

Khi tnh ton => cn tm v tr mt ct

ngang c tr s ng lc ln nht =>
biu
Biu ni lc - l th biu din s
bin thin ca cc thnh phn ng lc
theo to mt ct ngang
Cc bc v biu ni lc Phng
php mt ct bin thin

10(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 1.2. Biu ni lc (2)

a. Xc nh phn lc ti cc lin kt
b. Phn on thanh sao cho biu thc ca
cc thnh phn ng lc trn tng on l
lin tc
c. Vit biu thc xc nh cc thnh phn ng
lc N, Q, M theo to mt ct ngang
bng phng php mt ct
d. V biu cho tng on cn c vo
phng trnh nhn c t bc (c)
e. Kim tra biu nh vo cc nhn xt
mang tnh trc quan, tnh kinh nghim.

11(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 1.2. Biu ni lc (3)

Biu lc dc, lc ct v theo qui c

v mang du
N, Q
z

Biu m men lun v v pha th

cng
z

12(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 V d 1.1 (1)

V biu cc thnh phn F

ng lc trn cc mt ct
ngang ca thanh chu ti C
trng nh hnh v
GII: a b
VA VB
1. Xc nh phn lc
M A VB a b Fa 0
Fa
VB
a b
M B VA a b Fb 0
Fb
VA
a b
Th li: Y 0
13(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.1 (2)
on AC 1 F 2
Mt ct 1 1: 0 z1 a A B
C
N 0 1 2
Fb a b
Y Q VA 0 Q VA
a b
VA
M M VB
Fbz1 N N
M 0 M VA z1 0 M VA z1 a b VA z1
Q
z2
Q
on BC
VB

Mt ct 2 2: 0 z2 b
N 0
Fa
Y Q VB 0 Q VB a b
Faz2
M 0 M VB z2 0 M VB z2 a b
14(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.1 (3)
Fb F
AC : Q
a b
Fa C
BC : Q
a b a b
VA VB
Fbz1
AC : M Fb
a b a+b
Faz2 + F
BC : M
a b Q
N
Fa
Nhn xt 1
Ti mt ct c lc tp a+b
trung => biu lc
ct c bc nhy,
ln bc nhy bng M
gi tr lc tp trung, xt
t tri qua phi, chiu
bc nhy cng chiu Fab
lc tp trung
a+b
15(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.2 (1)
1
V biu cc thnh phn ng lc
trn cc mt ct ngang ca thanh q
chu ti trng nh hnh v
GII 1 L
1. Xc nh cc phn lc lin kt VA VB
M
q.l
Bi ton i xng: VA VB q
2 N
Hoc: Q
2
q.l VA z
ql
A B 2 0
M V .l VB
2 qz 2
ql 2 q.l M 0 M VA z 2 0
M B VA .l 2 0 VA
2 ql q
M .z .z 2
2. Biu thc ni lc 2 2
Xt mt ct 1-1 ql
(0 z L) Y Q qz VA 0 Q
2
q.z
16(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.2 (2)
qL
z 0 QA q
ql 2
Q q.z
2 qL
z L QB L
2
VA VB
qL/2
ql q z 0 M A 0
M .z .z 2
2 2 z L M B 0 +

qL L Q
M' qz M ' 0 z
2 2
qL2
M '' q 0 M max M z L / 2 L/2
8
qL/2
Nhn xt 2
Ti mt ct c lc ct M
bng 0, biu m
men t cc tr
qL2/8
17(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.3 (1)
1. Xc nh phn lc: 1 M 2
M VB .(a b) M 0
A
C
M
VB
ab VA a 1 b 2 VB
M B VA.(a b) M 0 M
M
VA M
ab
2. Lp cc biu thc ng lc: z1 Q Q z2 VB
AC: Xt mt ct 1-1 ( 0 z1 a) VA
M
Qy VA
ab
M x VA .z
Xt mt ct 2-2 ( 0 z2 b)
M
Qy VA
ab
M x VB .z2
18(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.3 (2)

AC: ( 0 z1 a)
M
M
Qy VA C
ab
M x VA .z1 a b
VA VB
BC: ( 0 z2 b)
Q
M M
Qy VA
ab (a+b) M
M x VB .z2 Ma (a+b)
(a+b)
Nhn xt 3
M
Ti mt ct c m men tp
trung, biu m men c bc M
nhy, ln bc nhy bng
gi tr m men tp trung, xt t
tri qua phi, mmen tp trung Mb
quay thun chiu kim ng h
th bc nhy i xung
(a+b)
19(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 1.3. Lin h vi phn gia m men un,
lc ct v ti ngang phn b (1)
1 2
Xt dm chu ti phn b
q(z)
q(z)>0: hng ln
Tch on thanh c chiu
di dz gii hn bi 2 mt
ct ngang 1-1 v 2-2 1 dz 2

Y Q dQ Q q( z)dz 0 M M+dM
dQ
q( z )
dz
dz dz
M M dM M (Q dQ) 2
Q 0
2 Q Q+dQ
2 dz
dM d M dQ
Q
2
q( z )
dz dz dz
o hm bc hai ca m men un bng o hm bc nht ca
lc ct v bng cng ti trng ngang phn b
20(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
1.3. Lin h vi phn gia m men un,
lc ct v ti ngang phn b (2)
ng dng
Nhn dng cc biu Q, M khi bit qui lut
phn b ca ti trng q(z). Nu trn mt on
thanh biu thc ca q(z) bc n th biu thc
lc ct Q bc (n+1), biu thc m men M bc
(n+2)
Ti mt ct c Q=0 => M cc tr

Tnh cc thnh phn Q, M ti mt ct bt k

khi bit gi tr ca chng ti mt ct xc nh
Qphi = Qtri + Sq ( Sq Dtch biu q)
Mphi = Mtri + SQ ( SQ Dtch biu Q)

21(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

1.3. Lin h vi phn gia m men un,
lc ct v ti ngang phn b (3)
B B
q q(z)
dQ q( z )dz
A A
Sq
QB QA Sq
z
A B

Q Q(z) B B

dM Q( z )dz
SQ A A

z M B M A SQ
A B
22(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
1.3. Lin h vi phn gia m men un,
lc ct v ti ngang phn b (4)

23(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

1.4. V biu ni lc theo im c bit (1)

C s: Da vo mi lin h vi phn
gia Q, M v q(z)
Bit ti trng phn b =>nhn xt dng
biu Q, M => xc nh s im cn
thit v c biu
q=0 => Q=const => QA=? (hoc QB)
M bc 1 => MA=? v MB=?
q=const => Q bc 1 => QA=? QB=?
M bc 2 => MA=?; MB=?; cc tr?
tnh li, lm,..?

24(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

1.4. V biu ni lc theo im c bit (2)

Cc gi tr QA, QB, MA, MB, cc tr - l gi tr

cc im c bit. c xc nh bi:
Quan h bc nhy ca biu

Phng php mt ct

Qphi = Qtri + Sq (Sq - Dtch biu q)

Mphi = Mtri + SQ (SQ - Dtch biu Q)

V d

25(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 V d 1.4 (1)
F=qa
Xc nh phn lc q
M B VA .3a 2qa.2a F .a 0 C
5 2a a
VA qa VA
3 VB
5
M A VB .3a 2qa.a F.2a 0 3
qa

4 +
VB qa
3 5a/3 1
qa
Xt on AC: q=const Q bc 1 3

QA=VA
QC=VA+Sq=5qa/3-2qa=-qa/3
M bc 2: MA=0
4qa2/3
MC=MA+SQ=4qa2/3; Mmax=25qa2/18
Mmax=25qa2/18
26(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.4 (2)
F=qa
Xt on BC: q= 0
q
Q = const C
QB= - VB 2a a
VA VB
5
M bc 1: qa
3
MB=0 +
Q
MC=MB-SQ=4qa2/3 5a/3 1
qa 4
3 qa
3

4qa2/3
Mmax=25qa2/18

27(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 Biu Q, M cc trng hp chu
ti trng n gin

28(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

4.5. Biu ni lc dm tnh nh nhiu nhp

nh ngha: L h tnh nh gm tp hp cc dm, ni vi nhau

bng cc lin kt khp
Cch v biu :
- Phn bit dm chnh v dm ph
- Dm chnh l dm khi ng c lp vn chu c ti trng
- Dm ph l dm khi ng c lp khng chu c ti
trng, phi ta ln dm chnh mi chu c ti trng
-Ti trng t ln dm chnh khng nh hng ti dm ph,
ti trng t trn dm ph s truyn ti dm chnh thng
qua phn lc lin kt
- V biu cho dm ph trc ri n dm chnh, sau
ghp li vi nhau
29(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.5 (1)
V d 1.5: V biu ni lc cho dm F
ghp tnh nh sau: A B
D
Bi gii: C
H dm ABCD l h dm ghp gm: a a a
+ Dm ph BCD
F
+ Dm chnh AB
B D
1) Dm ph BCD:
C
- Xc nh phn lc:
R VD
F
VD R A R
2
B

a a a

30(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 V d 1.5 (2)
F
a. on BC: q(z)=0
A B
D
=> Q=const => QB= R = F/2 C
=> M bc nht MB 0 a a a
F Fa
M C M B SQ 0 ( a) F
2 2
B D
b. on CD: q(z)=0 C

=> Q=const => QD= -VD = - F/2 R VD

F
2
=> M bc nht MD 0 (Q)
F
Fa Fa
M C M D SQ 0 ( ) 2
2 2
(M)
Fa
2
31(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.5 (3)
F
2.) Dm chnh AB: A B
D
C

a a a

A R
B

F
2 (Q)

Fa
2
(M)

32(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 V d 1.5 (4)

3.) Biu ng lc ton h dm ghp

A B
D
C

a a a

F F
2 2 (Q)
F
2
Fa
2
(M)
Fa
2

33(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 4.6. Biu ni lc khung phng

Khung phng l h phng gm nhng thanh ni

nhau bng cc lin kt cng (l lin kt m gc
gia cc thanh ti im lin kt khng thay i
khi khung chu lc)
i vi cc on khung nm ngang, biu cc
thnh phn ng lc v nh qui c vi thanh
thng
i vi cc on khung thng ng, biu N,
Q v v pha ty v mang du. Biu m men
v v pha th cng
kim tra biu ta cn kim tra iu kin cn
bng cc mt khung: Ti mt khung, ni lc v
ngoi lc tho mn iu kin cn bng tnh hc.
34(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.6 (1)

V d 5: V biu khung phng sau:

M F
Bit M=qa2, F=2qa
Bi gii: K
C D
1. Xc nh cc phn lc:
a a a
T iu kin cn bng ca khung ta c B VK
X 0 H A qa a q
HA
M A 0
A
1
VK .2a Fa M 0 qa 2 VA
2
1 2
VK .2a 2qa qa qa 0
2 2

2
7
VK qa
4
35(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.6 (2)
M F
M K 0
3a K
VA .2a H A .2a qa. M 0 Fa C D
2
a a a
3
VA .2a 2qa 2 qa 2 qa 2 2qa 2 0 B
2 VK
1 a q
VA qa
4 HA

2. Nhn xt dng biu cc thnh A

phn ng lc trn tng on: VA
+ Biu lc dc:
Bng phng php mt ct d dng xc nh:
N
qa
N AB N BC VA
4 1
N DK NCD 0 qa
4
36(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.6 (3)
M F
on AB: q=const
K
Biu Q bc nht C D
Cn xc nh: QA = HA = qa a a a
QB = QA+Sq = qa+(-q).a = 0 B
VK
Biu M bc hai a q
Cn xc nh: MA = 0 HA
MB = MA+SQ = 0 + qa.a/2 = qa2/2;
ti B c Q = 0 => Mmax=qa2/2 A
VA

qa 2
2
Q(kN)
M(kNm)
qa
37(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.6 (4)

on BC: q=0 M F
Biu Q=const
K
Cn xc nh QB=0 C D
Biu M bc nht a a a
Cn xc nh B
VK
M B M B AB qa 2 / 2; a q
HA
M C M B SQ qa / 2 0 qa / 2
2 2

1 2
A qa
2
VA

qa 2
Q(kN)
2
qa M(kNm)

38(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 V d 1.6 (5)
Trn on CD: q=0 M F
Biu Q=const => Cn xc nh
7 1 K
QD F VK 2qa qa qa C D
4 4 a
Biu M bc nht => Cn xc nh a a
7 2 B
M D VK a qa q
VK
4 7 2 1 3 2 a
M C M D SQ qa qa a qa HA
4 4 2
1 A qa 2
qa
4 VA 2
3 2
qa
2 7 2
2 qa
qa 4
Q(kN) 2
M(kNm)
qa
39(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.6 (6)
M F
Trn on DK: q=0
Biu Q=const => Cn xc nh
K
7 C
QK VK qa D
4 a a a
Biu M bc nht => Cn xc nh
B
MK 0 VK
7 a q
MD M ( CD )
D qa 2 HA
4
1 A qa 2
qa
4 VA 2
7 3 2
qa qa
4 2 7 2
2 qa
qa 4
Q(kN) 2
qa M(kNm)

40(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 V d 1.6 (7)

4. Xt cn bng cc mt khung

Ti mt C, biu din cc ngoi lc, cc thnh phn ng lc trn hai mt

ct ngay st C thuc on BC v CD theo chiu thc (cn c vo cc bi
u ). Kim tra iu kin cn bng: Ti mt khung tng ni lc v ngoi l
c bng khng.

X 0; Y 0; M C 0
qa 2
3 2
qa
2
1
qa
4
qa 2
2 1
qa
4
41(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 V d 1.6 (8)

Biu ni lc ca khung 1
qa
4
7
qa
4
N Q
kN kN
1 qa
qa
4
qa 2 qa 2
2
3 2
3 2 qa
qa 2
2 7 2
qa
1
qa 2 qa
4 4
2 qa 2
M
kNm 2 1
qa
4
42(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering
 4. Cu hi???

43(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering

 E- mail:
tpnt2002@yahoo.com

44(52) Tran Minh Tu University of Civil Engineering