 Clasification of infectious diseases

 In the 19th centure infectious diseases were classed as contagious transmissible from person to
person, miasmatic transmited, through air and contagious miasmatic.

 Later the diseases were classified according to their aetiology

 The Clasification based on clinical ang epidemiologic signs proved infective too.

 In accordance with the main sign That determine the transmission mechanism, all infections
diseases are divided by the Gromashevsky into four groups:

1. Intestineal infections

2. respiratory infections

3. blood infections

4. skin infections

 Infecting agents /disease-producing germ

Bacteria, virus, protozoa, rickketsia, fungus (FUNGI), prions, spirochetes

 *Kotlyarova C.i.

 Infection deaseses

 Actinomycosis

 Meningocsemia

 Malaria

 Measles

 Campilobacter

 Ornitosis

 Pertussis

 Poliomielitis

 Plague

 Q-fever

 Rabies

 Relapsig fever
 Rickettsiosis

 Rubella

 Sallmonellesis

 Scalet fever

 Smallpox

 Tetanus

 Tick-born encephalitis

 Tuberculosis

 Tularemia

 Typhoid fever

 Virus hepatidis

 Virus diarrhea

 Wooping cough

 Disinsection

 Wet disinsection

 Chamber Disinsection

 Profylactic disinsection

 S. Disinsecting/ disinsectant remedies

 Insecticide (s)

 3. to fumigate with insecticides

 To spray with insecticides

 To dust insecticides

 To exterminate flears, Lice, ticks, gnats, mosquitoes, flies (уничтожать блох, вшей,
клещей, комаров, москитов)

 Do Wet cleaning!

 Have you carried out profylactic disinsection?

 disinsection

 Wet disinsection

 Disinfection

 Biological disinfection

 Terminal disinfection

 Wet disinfection

 Mechanical disinfection

 Prophylactic disinfection

 Current disinfection

 Physical disinfection

 Chemical disinfection

 Wipe the walls, the floor, the bed table, the window sills using disinfectants (1% chloramine)
solusion (протрите стены, пол, подоконник..)

 Cover the patient discharge with a dry line chloride (Pour it over with a disinfectant solusion)
Засыпьте выделения больного сухой хлорной известью)

 To send the patient´s clothers to the disinfection chamber

 Burn dressing material after use

 Poor over vessels used for patient´s discharge (bedpan, the urinal, with boiling water and
plange them into a disinfectant solusion (посуду из-под выделений больного подкладное
судно, мочеприемник обдайте кипятком и погрузите в дез.раствор)

 Boil (soak) The patient´s washing in a disinfectant solusion

 Treat The patient´s hair with antiparasitic remedies

 Disinfection

 Disinfection in an epidemic centre (focus)

 The epidemic centre has been liquidated

 The epidemic (pandemic) has abated (эпидемия, пандемия стихла)

 Chamber disinfection,
  Disinfectants

Deodorization -deodorant

 Period of infection disease

1. Incubation period of infection disease

2. Prodromal period of infection desease

3. Febrial period of infection disease

4. Period of early reconvalescence

 Host (carrier) of infecting agent

 Bacterium carrier

 Bacillus carrier

 Virus carrier

 Parasite carrier

 Cyst carrier

 Observation

 НAVE YOU HAD DIRECT CONTACT With a sick infected person (a feverish patient)?

 You must be examined to see if you are a carrier of an infecting agent

 Have you been inoculated against tetanus (measles)?

 When where you inoculated?

 Avoid contact with a an infected person/ You may get infection

 Have you immunity against …

 This vaccine confers immunity against

 Revaccination must be done in 6 month

 The incubation period of the disease lasts for ….. days

 The patient must be asolated (hospitalized? Taken to a ward for contagious hatient)

 Forms of infection
 The consept of infection disease


The consept of infection disease

 The condition manifested by a disease state of a patient and so called carrier state

 The condition of developing infection process:

1. The specific properties of infection agent

2. Various pathogenisity

3. Virulence of this agent

4. The quantity of microorganism that enter the macroorganism

5. Resistanse of macroorganism

6. Duration of specific immunity account for the multitude of clinical manifestation of infection

 Infection disease can be clinically pronounced or it may be asymptomatic

 A clinically infection can run a typical or atypical course.

 A clinically infection disease is usually classed as mild, Moderate, and severe: according to the
duration

 the disease can be acute or chronic.

 An acute infection (smallpox, measles, plague) is characterized by a shot stay of the causative
agent in the body and development of specific immunity in the patient towards the given
infection

 A chronic infection (Brucellosis, Tuberculosis) can last for years

 Asymptomatic infection can be subclinical and latent.

 A person with subclinical infection (acute or chronic) looks in full health. And a disease can be
diagnosed by detecting the causative agents, specific antibodies, and functional and
morphological changes in the organs and tissue that are specific for a given disease.

 Such patients ( or carriers) are special danger for the surrounding people since they are the
source of infection

The consept of infection disease

 The condition manifested by a disease state of a patient and so called carrier state

 The condition of developing infection process:

1. The specific properties of infection agent

2. Various pathogenisity

3. Virulence of this agent

4. The quantity of microorganism that enter the macroorganism

5. Resistanse of macroorganism

6. Duration of specific immunity account for the multitude of clinical manifestation of infection

 Latent or persistant forms of human or animal infection

 At the same time a repeated subclinical infection in Poliomielitis, Diphtheria, influenza

promotes formation of an immune group of people (herd immunity).

 Acute or chronic subclinical forms (carriers states) are more common in Typhoid fever A and B,
Sallmonellesis, Viral hepatitidis.

 Latent or persistent forms of human and animal infection are a prolonged asymptomatic
interaction of macroorganism with the pathogenic agents which are present in modified
(defective) forms.

 Latent or persistant forms of human or animal infection

 There are defective interfering particles in latent viral infection and L-forms, spheroplastin
bacterial infection.

 Being inside the host cell these forms survives for long periods of time and there are not
released into the environment. Cholera vibrio, Bacillus diphtheria, Typhoid fever,

 Under the action various provoking factors (such as thermal effects, injuries, physic trauma,
transplantation, blood transfusion, various disease states) persistant infection can be activated
and become clinically manifest.

 The microbe regains its pathogenic properties.

 There are famous L-forms of streptococci streptococci.

 Protosoa and rickettsia

 Protosoa and rickettsia can also persist. Latent epidemic recrudescent typhus is manifested by
relapses of epidemic recrudescent typhus (Brills Disease)

 Cholera vibrio, Bacillus diphtheria, Typhoid fever, tetanus