CHAPTER TWELVE

WORKING DRAWINGS

OBJECTIVES
After studying the material in this chap ter, you should be able to:
1. Define top down, bottom up , and middle out design.
2. Discuss methods of constraining assemblies made using solid
modeling and parametri c modeling.

:~ . Identify the elements of a detail drawing.

4. List the parts of an assembly drawing.

S. List six types of assembly drawings.
6. List the role of the record strip and titl e block in the approval
process .
7. Describe the process for revising drawings.
8. Describe the special requirements of a patent drawing.

Refer to the fo llowing standards :

ASM E Y14.24- 1999 Types and Applications of Engineering
Draw ings
ASM EY14. 34M-1996 Associated Lists
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I EMNO. PAin NUM8ER: DESCRIPTION ON.
81214102 22",m"'4WOABOVEGNDDYNO

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Upper level assembly drawing for a four wheel drive dynamometer (Inset shows 3D model).
Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.

OVERVI EW
Design professionals such as engineers and architec
tects are creators or builders. They use graphics as a
means to create, record, analyze, and communicate
their design concepts or ideas so that they can be real
ized or made into real products or structures. The abil
ity to communicate verbally,
graphically is essential to building the teams necessary
to create large scale projects.
As you learned in Chapter 1, designs progress
through five stages. Different types of drawings are
required at each stage of the process. Early in the
process, ideation sketches communicate and refine
concepts for the project. Later, detailed layouts,
analysis, and part drawings are created using 2D
CAD or solid modeling techniques. Assembly draw
en d result-how the individual pieces that must fit
together to work.
Releasing and revising drawings is an important
part of the design process. Revisions must be tracked,
identified, logged, and saved for future reference.
symbolically, and Understanding and using effective methods to
manage paper and electronic documents is crucial to
retain important information and prevent costly and
even dangerous mistakes. You will learn more about
managing drawings in Chapter 13.
Check these Web sites for stock com ponent CAD models to
add to assem blies:
http://www.carrlane .com
htt p:/ /parts.web2cad.de
http: //www.uspto .gov/web/off ices/com /iip /pdf/

ings created in 3D CAD or using 2D methods show brochure_OS .pdf

http://www.mycadmash.com /mash.asp lists lots of handy

how multiple parts fit together. They describe the CAD sites
420 C HAP T E R 1 2 W 0 R KIN G D RAW I N G 5
UNDERSTANDING DESIGN, DOCUMENTATION, AND WORKING DRAWINGS
Top Down vs. Bottom Up Design
Methods of accomplishing the design process are sometimes
de scribed in terms of three general categories: top down, bot
tom up, and middle out.
Top down refers to starting the process of designing a product
or system by considering the function of the entire system,
then breaking that down into subassemblies or component
groups based on their major functions. Finally, each part
that must he manufactured and assembled to create the
design is defined. Layout drawings are often used to
facilitate top down de sign by accurately showing the
relationships between major functional items and how
those may fit with existing equipment.
Bottom up refers to a design process starting at the part level.
Individual components are sized and designed, then the
final assembly is built around the design of the parts. Thi s
approach is helpful when the components are standardized
parts.
Middle out refers to a combination of top down and bottom
up de sign methods, where some part s are standardized and
others are designed withiu the context of fitting into the
design of the assembly.
.
12.1 3D CAD Assembly Model for Lunar Design's
Award Winning Design for a 3D Interactive Touch
Device for the Home Pc. The Novint Falcon lets users feel
weight, shape, texture, dimension, and force effects when
playing touch-enabled PC games. It accommodates a
variety of controller grips, called end effectors, which allow
users to more accurately engage with the experience of the
game they are playing, such as feeling their stroke when
they hit the golf ball on screen, or gaging how much edge
they get on their snowboards as they fly down the slopes.
To bring this sophisticated level of 3D touch technology
device to market, Lunar Design worked closely with Novint
and the commercial haptic developer Force Dimension.
Courtesy of Lunar
You may prepare detail drawings first or assembly draw
ings first, depending on your process . Using solid modeling
you may create a 2D or 3D layout first and then develop the
models for the individual parts. Or you may create part models
first and then assemble them together. Some companies use
a fully digital documentation process and some create 2D
detail drawings and assemhly drawings that show how the part s
fit together.
Constraining 3D Assembly Models
With constraint based modeling software, you use assembly
constraints to create relationships between modeled parts. The
first part added to the assembly becomes the parent part.
Other parts are mated to this parent part to build up the assem
bly. Mating parts have features that should fit together.
Assernhly constraints available in the 3D modeling software let
you align mating parts. For example. in the 3D CAD assembly
model shown in Figure 12.1, the parts are aligned with one
another using assembly constraints. similar to the way you
would build the actual device .
If you want two holes to line up, you can nse an assembly
constraint to align them . If a part changes, it will still he
 ----

W 0 R KIN G 0 RAW I N G S 421

oriented in the assembly so that the hol es align. Each software
package will offer a s im ila r set of constraint options, so you
sho uld become familiar with those available to you. Table 12.1
lists some co m mo n ass embly co nstraints and their definitions .
A ssembly relationships ca n make your assembly model work
for you. A s you add parts, use constraints to ori ent the new part
using relationships that will persist in the assembly.
A subo rd ina te assembly, usually called a subassembly, is
a group of components of a larger ma chine. Breaking products
into subassemblies oft en makes it eas ie r to coo rdina te when
different designers are working on portions of the same device.
Even if you are not using 3D mod eling, struc turing your draw
ings into sub asse mblies provides benefits such as making it
easy to reu se subassemblies and track part s . The top down
desi gn pro cess focuses on defining all of the subasse m bly
requirements and how tho se intera ct in the assembly.
You can cre ate a subassembly in much the same way you
create an assembly: by making an assembly of the subassem
bly components. This subasse mbly ca n be add ed to the ma in
assembly in the sa me way you add a part.
Organizing the model so that it co mes together as it will on
the as sembly line can be useful in visualizing assembly diffi
culties . If a group of co mpone nts are likely to be changed or
repl aced , linking all the subparts to a main component can
make it eas y to substitute an alternative design for that group of
parts . Planning ahead is esse ntial to creating assemblies
efficiently and getting the mo st out of them.

Table 12.1 Assembly Constraints for 3D Models.

Name Definition Illustration

Mate Mates two planar surfaces together.

Mate offset Mates two surfaces together so th ey

have an offset between them.

Align Aligns two surfaces, datum points,

vertices, or curve ends to be
coplanar; also aligns revolved
surfaces or axes to be coaxial.

Align offset Aligns two pla nar surfaces with an

offse t between them.

Insert Inserts a "male" revolved surface int o

a "female" revolved surface, aligning
the axes.

Or ient Orients two planar surfaces to be

parallel and facing in the same
direction .

Coordinate system Places a component int o an assembly

by aligning its coordinate system
with an assembly coordinate system .

Assembly
coordinate system
422 C HAP T E R 1 2 W 0 RKIN G D RAW 1 N G S

3D Layouts and Skeleton Assemblies

An oth er method of creating an assembly
using 3D CAD so ftwa re is to start with
an assembly framework in the form of an
assembly layout or skeleton that can be
used to define the locations of individ
ual part s in the assembly. Usin g this
method, parts arc de signed so they link
to a ske leton framework in the assem bly.
A ske leto n is a 3D drawi ng that defines
major relationships in the assembly
using lines, arcs. curves, and points, as
shown in Figure 12.2. By creating the
framework for each part up front. all
part s do not have to be finished before
they can be assembled . Parts ca n be
assembled ont o the skeleton at any stage
of completion. By allowing the assem
bly to evolve as the parts are desi gned
and refined , each designer can see the
part s the oth ers arc creating-or at least
the criti cal relationships between
part s- by looking at the assembly.

Working Drawings or Construction Draw ings

The term working drawings describes a
set of assembly drawings and detail
drawings. A set of civil drawings with site,
grading plan s, and the many structural
det ails for building a clam or bridge is an
example of a set of working drawings.
/ Architectural drawings are ano the r
type of working (or con struction) draw
ings (Figure 12.3). They are giv en to the
co ntractor to show how to construct the
huilding e nvisioned by the architect.
Working drawings for ma chines include
assembl y drawings sho wing how part s
fit together and detail drawings showing
how to manufacture the part s. Weld
ments are a type of ass e mbly drawing
showing the weld s that mu st be used to
form an assembly from separa te pie ce s
of metal.
Drawings, model s, and supporting
document ation are the specifications for
design manufacture . They are given to
contractors to perform tbe work or man
ufacture individual parts, so they must
represent the de sign accurately. Th e
drawing is a legal document describing
what work is to be perf ormed or what
part s are to be produced.
A careful proces s of checking and
approving drawings and models helps
prevent errors . Take preparing or approv
ing drawings as a se rious responsibility.
Overlooking what may seem to be sma ll
or insignificant deta ils may result in
large amounts of wa sted money or.
wors e yet, a per son ' s injury or death .

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 -

W 0 R KIN G D RAW I N G S 423

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12.4 General Assembly Drawing for an Air Brake Created from a 3D CAD Model. Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.

Assembly Draw ing s

An assembly drawing shows the asse mbled machin e or struc
ture, with all detail parts in their functional positions or as an
exploded view where you can relat e the parts to their
functional positi ons.
Th ere are different type s of assembly drawin gs:
I. Design assem blies, or layouts.
2. General assemblies.
3. Detail assemblies.
4. Working drawing assemblies.
5. Outline or install ation asse mblies .
6. Insep arable assemblies (as in we klments, and others).
Ass embly drawings are ofte n ge nerated fro m 3D CAD
models. For exa mple, the assembly drawing for the air brake in
Figur e 12.4 was generated fro m the 3D CA D model of the air
brake shown in shaded view in Figure 12.5.

Views
Keep the purp ose in mind when you se lect the views for an
assembly drawing. The assemb ly drawing shows how the par ts
fit together and sugg ests the fun ction of the entire unit. A co m
plete set of orthographic vie ws is not requi red. Often a sing le
orthogra phic view will show all of the information needed
when asse m bling the part s. Th e asse mbly drawin g does not
need to show how to make the part s, ju st how to put them
togeth er. The assembly work er recei ves the actual finished
part s. Th e information for eac h indi vidnul part is shown on its 12.5 3D CAD Model for an Air Brake. Courtesy of
det ail drawing. Dynojet Research Inc.
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Hidden Lines in Assembly Drawings Detail Drawings or Piece Part Drawings

Typically. hidden lines arc not needed on assembly drawings.
Keep in mind that the assembl y drawing is often used by the
work er who is putting the part s together. It need s to be easy to
read and show the relati onship s betw een parts clearly. Hidd en
lines can make the drawing difficult to read , so use section or
expl oded view s to show the interior par ts in the assembly
drawing.
Dimensions in Assembly Drawings
Assembly draw ings are not usually dimensioned exce pt to
show the relati ve position s of one feature to the next whe n that
distance must be maint ained at the time of the assembl y, such
as the maximum height of a jack, or the maximum opening
between the jaws of a vise. When mach ining is required in the
assembly operation. the necessary dimensions and notes may
be give n on the assembly drawing.
Assembly Sections
Since asse mblies often have part s filling into or overl appin g
other part s, 2D and 3D sec tions are useful views. For example,
in Figure 12.6, try to imagine the right-side view drawn in
ele vation with interior parts repre sented by hidden lines.
Any kind of secti on may be used as needed. A broken-out
section is sho wn in Figure 12.6 . Half sections and removed
sections are also frequently used . Pictorial sections arc helpful
in creating easy to read assemb ly draw ings.
Drawin gs of the indi vidual part s are called piece part draw
ings, pa rt drawings, or detail drawings. Detail drawings co n
tain all of the necessary information to manufacture any
speci fic part being created for a product or design . Figures 12.7
and 12.8 show detail drawings. The information provided on
deta il drawing s includes:
All necessary drawin g views or accurate 3D model infor
mation to fully define the shape.
Dimensions that can be specified in a drawing or can be
measured accurately from a 3D model.
Toleran ces either specified in a drawing or annotated in a
3D model so that how the tolerance applies ca n be clearl y
understood .
Th e material for the manufactured part.
Any general or spec ific notes inclu ding heat treatment ,
painting, coat ings. hardness, pattern numb er. estimated
weight, and surface finishes, such as max imum surface
roughness.
Approval or release and revision tracking, whether part of
a 2D drawing title and rev ision block or part of a digital
signature system.
 W 0 RKIN G D RAW I N G S 425
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426 CH AP TER 12 WO RK ING DRAW I NGS

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12.9 Subassembly of Accessory Shaft Group

12.1 SUBASSEMBLIES 12.2 IDENTIFICATION

A set of worki ng dr awings incl udes detail draw ings of ind ivid
ual parts and the assembly draw ing show ing the asse mbled
unit Ofte n an entire subassembly may be reused in a diffe rent
design, It is easier to reuse the gro up of par ts in a uew desig n if
they are gro upe d together log ically and co ntained in separate
drawin gs, Your top level assembly drawing will appear cleaner
if you keep subasse mblies well orga nized, as the entire suh
assemb ly ca n be identified as a sing le item on a higher le ve l
assembly dra wing, Fas teners for the subasse mbly that attach it
to its mating parts in the next higher le vel asse mbly drawing are
usua lly show n or listed on the bill of materials (somet imes
referred to as BOM ) at the higher leve l.
Struc turi ng you r produ ct into assemblies and subasse m
blies req uires thou ght ful decision making in order to ge t the
most advantage when retrieving part. subas sembly, and assem
bly dra wings later on. If your company uses a produ ct data
man agem ent system (PDM). plann ing is ess ential to see ing
down stream result s,
An exa mple of a subasse mbly is show n in Figure 12,9, A
subasse mbly is drawn the same way as an asse mbly dra wing.
j ust for a subgro up that asse mbles to other parts.
Use cir cled numb ers ca lled balloon numbers or ball tags to
ide ntify the parts in the asse mbly (Figure 12.10), Circle s co n
taining the part numb ers are placed adjacent to the part s, witb
leaders terminated by arrow heads touchin g the parts as shown
in Figure 12. I 1.
The circles are placed in orderly hori zont al or ver tica l
rows and not scattered over the sheet Leader lines should be
draw n at an angle. not hori zontall y or vertically. Do not let
leader s cross . Ma ke adjacent leaders parallel or nearly so, For
mult iple small parts that are easil y di stin guished , a single
leader may have multiple circle item num bers as show n in
Figur e 12.11 ,
The circle d item number ide ntif ies eac h part. Show infor
mation for the part in the part s list that is usuall y includ ed o n
the dr awing shee t, but may also be a separ ate docu men t
Another meth od of identificatio n is to letter the part
names, numbers required , and part numbers. at the end of
leaders as show n in Figure 12,9. More co mmo nly. o nly the
part num bers are give n, togeth er with sta ndard stra ight-line
leaders.

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, 12 (3 m m) @ ~4
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12.10 Identification Numbers
 1 2 .2 IDEN T IFI CATION 427

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B 2 1 16009279 CCA. POW ER STAGE INTERFAC E, DPSSl B

3 1 1600320 1 MOU",!. CAP BANK, DPSSL
4 1 16009 2 12 C C A DIODE DRIVER. C ENTURION
5 2 BI 040203 2-56 x ,3 13 St' CS. W WASHERS
6 7 8 130020 1 W A. S ~ E R . f LAT. # 2
7 7 8 1310200 WAS~ER . LO C K. SPLII. #2
B 5 B" 0020 4 sacs. 256 x 3/ B
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O "'''lCIHI~ ''' ""lI; .~ WWoAI BG~ "'.... ~~~COI "

I. C LEA N PARTS PER BSLT PRO CEDURE09P-C09. O' .. ~ .. :tl ~ ..
esoesos......~~ coe
2, ASStv,BLY C O NTANS MA , ERIA LS SENSIlIVE 10 : l EC TROST/\f IC
DISCHARGE HANDLE ACCORDING TO BSLT PRO C EDURE CH 012 .
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. ..... '1

3. ENSURE THAT THEC O NNECTO, FROM THE DIODE DRIVER. IT: M ! 4,

ISFUl l Y SEATED INTO THE MA TNG C O NN ECTOR O N THE POW ER NI A 0........ M PERKtNS 2o~'J: J:o ASS Y, CAP BANK, DPSSL
A STAG" INTERFAC E, ITEM h 2. C"lO"(tJl SlJl i1ERl AN 6-20-06
4 TORQ UE A l l SO ~ S PERBSLT PRO CEDUR[ 09-P-o l0 .
5. A LL SCREWS SHALL USE LOCK AND f l AT WA SHERS.
B 1'!A:"'t-O 16003210

4 3 2

12.11 Identification of Assembly Drawing Items wi th a Parts List. Courtesy of Big Sky Laser.

Multidetai l Drawing s
When multiple detail drawings are show n on one shee t, iden tify ea ch part are similar
to those used in detail drawings where seve rnI detail s are shown on o ne shee t. as in
Fig ure 12.1 2. Place circles co ntaining the part numb ers adj acent to the parts , with
leaders terminated by arrowheads touching the parts as in Figure 12.11. A porti on of
a multidetail drawing is shown in Figure 12,12.

REAM I N

I I ASSE MB LY FOR

I I

.,,~
I I
, --r
~' -
I
~o

if""
+ 026
Z COLL AR I S TEEL
(0 0 15.85 - 15.87 J ,: -, _ CD I SECO N DA RV BASE I CI
N NAME RED O MAT L
--
R 22 20 F AO ME T RIC J OHN SMITH & CO ,
CH ICA G O , IL L .
DRAWN 6 Y -it.'.
GR IND ER VISE DETA ILS
.,I I I
T RACED BY R.D.J .
I
CO R R E:.CT ION 5
I
CHECI'\ED BY F.J .M.
APP ROVE D BY a. SCALE ; FULL I 08 - 01-1996 R-401

12.12 Portion of a Drawing Showing Identification of Detail s with a Parts List

428 CHAPTER 1 2 WORK ING D R A WI N G S

ITEM NO. QTY. PART NO . DESCRIPTiON

1 1 16009273 CCA. CA P BANK. DP LAS ER
2 1 16009279 CCA. POW ER STAGE INTERF ACE. DPSSL
3 1 1600320 1 MO UNT. CAP BANK. DPSSL
4 1 160092 12 C CA. DIODE DRIVER. CENTURION
5 281 040203 2-56 x .3 13 SHCS , W/ WASHERS
6 7 8 130020 1 WASHER. FLAT. #2
7 7 8 1310200 WASHER. LOC K. SPLIT. 112 Mess ge ~
8 5 81 100204 BHCS, 2-56 X 3m
Select options and then click OK to place Bill of Materials into
the draWing,
12.13 Parts List. Court esy of Big Sky Loser.
Ta bl,Ie Temp ate A

12.3 PARTS LISTS I Ibom-standard 1@9J l

A parts list or bill of materials itemizes the parts of a structure
II Table Anchor ~ ,II
show n on an asse mbly drawing (ANSI Y 14.34M -1996). The
title strip alone is sufficient on de tail drawin gs of only one par t. I Anchored corner
but a parts list is necessary o n asse mbly drawin gs o r detail
drawin gs of seve ral part s. Parts ca n be listed in ge nera l order of 9 ~~ ~
size or importan ce or gro uped by types.
Parts lists for machin e dra wings, Figure 12.13 co ntain:
I o Attach to anchor
Part ident ification numb er (PIN) . I BOM Type ~I
Description of eac h part.
: o Top level only
I oo Partsonly
Quantity required in the asse mbly.
The foll owing abbrev iations can be used to ind icate quan
tities that are not exactly known: AR indicatin g as required ; Indented assemblies
EST followed by a num ber for an estima ted qua ntity:
For parts lists that co ntain application data , information for
the next asse mbly lev el must be included. IIConfigurations '~d
Frequ en tly other inform ation is supplied in the parts list. I
":
suc h as material. CAGE co de , patt ern numb ers, stoc k sizes of II Par t Configuration Grouping ~~
o Display as one itemnumber
~

materi als. and wei ght s of part s.

Automatic 80M Generation o Display

items
configurations of the same part as separate
I
CA D so ftware often a llows you to generate the parts list auto
maticall y or somew hat automatically. Fig ure 12.14 shows a I o Display all configurations of the same part as one item
dialog box used to automa te generat ion o f a part s list.
If yo u cre ated a 3D asse mb ly model by inse rting CAD o Display
item
configurations with the same name as one
models for the parts, the so ftware ca n query the asse mbly
model for quantities and the file nam es that were inser ted to
ge nera te the parts list. This is another goo d reason to use goo d
1 o Keep MISSing Items vv l

rile managem ent prac tices and name your parts logic ally. Most
Zero Quantity Display
so ftw are allows yo u to type in information , but ove rriding the
info rmation this way makes it harder to au toma tically update
l item Num bers
files, los ing so me of the advant age of using 3D CA D.
Start at: 11
Locating the Parts List
If the part s list rests o n top of the title box or strip, the orde r of
Increment: L.1_
l
:================ _

the item s shou ld be from the bottom upward so that new items l Donot change item numbers
ca n be add ed later, if necessary. If the parts list is placed in the
upper-right co rner, the ite ms should read down ward. v

Listing Standard Parts 12.14 Solidworks Dialog Box Showing Options For
Standard parts , whe ther purcha sed or co mpany produ ced, arc Automatically Inserting a Bill of Material s Table. Courtesy
not drawn but are includ ed in the parts list. Bolt s, screws, bea r of Solidworks Corporation .
ings , pins, keys, and so on are ide ntified by the part number
from the asse mb ly drawing and are spe cifie d by name and size
or number.
 1 2 . 4 A S S E M B LY S EC T I O N 5 429

Space
by eye

7'A

(a) (b) (c)

12.15 Section Lining in Assemblies (Full Size)

12.4 ASSEMBLY SECTIONS

In assembl y sections it is necessary not
only to show the cut surfaces but also to
distinguish between adjacent parts. Do
this by drawin g the section lines in oppos
ing directions, as show n in Figur e 12.15.
Tbe first large area is sec tioned at 45
(Figure 12.15a ). The next large are a,
(b), is sect ioned at 4SO in the opposite
direction. Additional areas are then sec
tioned at other angle s, such as 30 or 60
as show n at (c) or at other angles.
12.16 Symbolic Section Lining In sma ll are as it is necessary to
space the sec tion lines closer together. In
large r areas space section lining mo re
widely or use outline section lining.
Use the general-purpose section lin
ing for asse mhlies, You can also give a
general indication of the materials used,
through using symbolic sectio n lining as
shown in Figure 12.16. Refer to Chapter 6
to review sec tion dra wing practices.
In sect ioning relati vel y thin parts in
an assembly. snch as gas kets and shee t
metal part s, section lini ng is ineffective
and sho uld bc lc ft out or shown in so lid
black as in Fig ure 12.17.
In architectural drawin gs, filling
sec tioned areas so lidly is called poche,
as shown in Figur e 12.18. It is often used
to show wa lls that have been cut through.
as o n !loor plans.
Often solid objec ts, or parts that do
not show required information, are sliced
by the cutting plane. Leave these parts un
sectioned, or "in the round ." This includes
bolts, nuts, shafts, keys, screws, pins . ball
or roller bearings, gear teeth, spokes. and
ribs. among others. See Figure 12.19.

12.17 Solidly Hatching Small Parts

/'
N~ilUii::a Differe nt hatch
patterl).S show

~'
12.18 Use Hatch Patterns to Indicate Material and
Poche Small Features Deta il of Drawing. Courtesy of
Loeati Architects. 12.19 Assembly Section
430 CHAPTER 12 WORKING DRAWINGS

12.5 WORKING
DRAWING ASSEMBLY
Search (or :'- .J Sel'rch

~ s.t.tt Clulehu
A working drawing assembly, Figure
Sh"tt Couplings 12.20, is a combined detail and ussem
.QJ1 S,,' d f 8r' hly drawing. These drawings arc oft en
ayr
E
~ i 'j,j +. used in place of separate detail and
Fl09A'~op, S
assembly drawings wh en the ass embly
RO$A r1opM
I Preview I OK is simple enough for all of its parts [0 be
~ R08Artr,.pZ.
shown clearly in the single drawing.
~ EI.otfom"'iln.li~ Clulh .. ~ 'Ild e,,,ku
In some cases, all hut one or two parts
can he drawn and dimensioned clearly
in the assembly drawing, in which event
these parts are detailed separately on
6000 [he same sheet. This type of drawing is
17 common in valve drawings , locomotive
subassemblies, aircraft subusse rn hlics,
and drawings of jigs and fixtures.
S t a n d ~ rd erm eture

Without supp lem entary pal ..,

2.; V-coil 12.6 INSTALLATION

ASSEMBLIES
e 200 7 'rraceserts GmbH An assembly made specifically to sbow
how to install or erect a machine or struc
You con save time in creating assemblies by downloading stock parts. Many ture is an installation assembly. This
vendors have models for Web download. type of drawing is also often called an
outline assembly, becau se it shows only
the outlines and the relationships of ex
terior surfaces. A typical installation
assembly is shown in Figure 12.21.
In aircraft drafting, an installation draw
ing (assembly) gives complete informa
tion for placing deta ils or subassemblies
13.. Cable & Harness in their final positions in the airplane.
13t!Q Connectors
; lllll!ZlDll
lE1J Ribbon Cable O-Sub Female Crimp D-Sub Male Crimp 12.7 CHECK
"'" om Fasteners ASSEMBLIES
00 t:O Features
ll 'Bl Other Parts After all detail drawings of a unit have
Il I:[J:J Shaft Parts been made, it may be nece ssary to make
a check assembly, especially if a number
00 [h, Steel Shapes
Terminal Ring Terminal Spade of changes were made in the details.
bSJ Tube & Pipe

Such an assembly is shown accurately to

Search results

scale in order to graphically check the

History

correctness of the details and their rela

tionship in assembly. After the check
Item
Count :4
OK Cancel L assembly has served its purp ose, it may
be converted into a general assembly
Autodesk Inventor is an example of a software package that features stock drawing.
parts that are useful for creating assemblies. With permission of Autodesk, Inc.
2006-2007. All rights reserved.
 1 2 . 7 C H E C K AS S E M B LIE 5 431

7
(! 6 .7 - 45')( / CHA M AT [NO
D

5 I
M/6 x 2. 45' X / CHAM 8 0 TH e NOS Cl
I
C 6..J5
R3

7 PI
15 BLA De
IN
2 4 Ii N T
3 WASHE R
2 S TUD
/ BAS:

nTLIt DR ILL J I G A
__ DR PI' Mn 1-l5- 96
C I75
~ h " " J.~ ~. J. MS. __ ~r .

156T-5
5 4 3 2

12.20 Working Drawing Assembly of Drill Jig.

f..- - - - - - - - 380 - - - - - - --

-, 8-2463

12.21 Installation Assembly

432 C HAPTER 12 WO RK ING D R A WI N G S

12.8 WORKING DRAWING FORMATS

Number of Details Per Sheet
There are two ge nera l meth ods for gro uping de tailed parts on
shee ts. Showi ng o ne detail ed part per sheet is typically pre
ferred because it is eas ier to rep urpose d rawi ngs for other uses
and to track revision data wh en the sheet does not co ntain
ex tra parts .
Sma ll mach ines or struc tures co mpose d of few part s some
times show all the detai ls on one large sheet. Show ing the
ass em bly and all its detail s o n one shee t can he co nvenient, but
it is ge nera lly more difficult to revise and maint ain . The sa me r;Jsto<ky H ,"00,", , l:;!
l iI"Nbl. 0ptI0nl -

scale should be used for all details on a si ngle shee t, if possi use 2 X In ft-Ct"ltof vi'llJ6o
fer I"IJIlTJer o(p laces
ble. When this is not possible, clearly note the scale under each
dissi milar detail.
Most co mpanies show one detail per shee t. how ever sim
ple or sma ll it ma y be. For man y par ts the basic 8.5 x 11" or
2 10 x 297 rn m sheet works we ll. Sin ce it is easy to lose a few
drawings on smalle r shee ts from a se t that is mostly o n larger
shee ts, some co mpanies use all II x 17" (or the eq uiva lent
me tric size) for all parts.
12.22 A Port ion o f a PDF File Showing Red-Lined
Digital Drawing Transmittal Markups. Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.
Elec tronic tile form ats such as Portabl e Docu ment For mat
(P DF), originally de vel oped hy Adobe Systems in 1993, allow
the or iginator to send a docum ent that ca n be comme nted on
without allow ing the origina l docu ment to be changed .
Several search engines allow you to search for text embed
ded in the PDF file. T his means that PD F can provide advantages Using electro nic files saves trees, makes it quicker to
not ju st for storing, but retrie ving the in form ation later. Ado be distribut e and sto re docum ent s, and allows others to rev iew
System s provid es a useful docum ent (in PDF forma t) on using docum ent s fro m vario us applica tions. Figure 12.22 sho ws a
PDF as an archiving standard. You ca n read it at http :// drawing stored in PD F for mat with co mments and redlin ed
www.ado be.com/products/acro bat/pd fs/pdfa rchiving.pdf. markups.

PAPER CONSERVATION

According to World watch Institute, 40 % of the trees

harvested worldwide are used to make paper. The U.S.
Environme ntal Protect ion Age ncy (EPA) es timates
tha t paper makes up 38% of muni cipal solid was te.
The UN ESC O Statistical Hand book estimated
paper produ ction in 1999 at 1,510 sheets of paper per
inh ab itant of the world . Eve n with digit al da ta storag e,
paper co nsumption has o nly increased since then.

Web sites related to paper conservation include:

http://www2.sims.berkeley.edu/research/

projects/ how-much-info-2003/print.html

http://www.lesk.com/m lesk/ksg97/ksg.html

2007 lupiterimaqes Corpo ra tion.

 1 2 . 8 W 0 R KI N G 0 RAW I N G FOR MAT S 433

R E P on T A L L E R R O R S T O " O A CM A N

"'FEED WORM S H AF T U N IT 3134

SA E 3115 SEE NOTE "'S"IM PL EX 8. DU PLE.X 1200) A LSO USED ON "DO Ve M "CU INC5

563- 310
KEARNEY & TRECKER
FULL SIZ E
COf'l.PORA TI U N
,oUl. WAU K I:C , WI S C O N SI N . U . S . .... 17840 B
12.23 Title Strip

HEAT TREATMENT
S C A L.II: FUL~_ CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO.
Xlt CU 1 1V'll; O' ''I C I; . - Sill'" U ....N Dn D . C A,L I r'".
!----=-=-="'="-='=--'-"'=-=:-:-:::'---7...;;;...:::=-:-----::::-=- --i
SA E :2III DOT . 8-10-1996 NA M E FI RS T. FOURTH & THI RD
HDN ROCKWELL C-50-56

NOTE 3 TEST LOCATIONS

TAAcr.n

-~~
C H . C KI[ l> Jr. U/';""

N -I!

12.24 Title Strip. Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.

hIl
REAM IN
i AS SEMBLY FOR
I I
I I I " 5 TAPER PI7

~ -~? -l f Irr'
fit
\'.iiJ I2 RI8
~- $- 0f6
J 10
jf
I 2 C OLL AR I S TEEL
\ G) I
(Zj 15.8S- IS.87 . 12 1--
N
I SECONDARY BASE
NAM E
I
R! a D MATL
C I

R22 20 FA C IMETRlcl J OHN SMIT H &. CO.

C HI C.A GO , I L L .
_ I DRA W N BY ~.
GRIN DER VISE DETAILS
I TRACED BV R.D.J .
C J-t EC~ E O BY F.J . M.
COR ~ [ C T IO N.s APPROVED BY s

12.25 Identifying Details with a Parts List. Courtesy of Big Sky Laser, Inc.

Title and Record Strips 6. Signature of the chief drafter. chief sys tems are in use, the location of the
engineer, or oth er official. and the title form dep end s on your company's
Drawings co nstitute important and valu
date of approval. organi zational preference. Many compa
able information regarding products, so
7. Scale of the drawing.
nies adopt their own title form s or tho se
carefully design ed. well -kept, sys tematic
1:\. Number of the drawing.
preferred by ANSI.
files arc important.
To letter item s in a title form :
The function of the title and rec ord Oth er information may be included,
strip is to show, in an org ani zed way, all such as material. quantity, heat treat Use single-stroke verti cal or inclined
necessary information not giv en directly ment, finish, hardness, pattern number. Gothi c capit als .
on the drawing with its dim en sion s and e stimated weight , superseding and su Letter item s according to their rela
note s. The type of title nsed depend s on perseded drawing numbers, symbol of tive importan ce. Use heavi er. larger
the filing sys tem in use. the manufactur machine, and so on , depending on the or more wid ely spaced lettering (or a
ing proc esses , and the requirements of plant orgaui zation and unique aspect s of combination of thes e) to indicate
the product. The following should gener the product. Some typical title blocks are important item s.
ally he given in the title form : shown in Figure s 12.23, 12.24 and 12.25. Giv e the drawing number the most
I. Nam e of the obje ct shown. See the inside back cover for traditional ti emphasis. followed by the nam e of
2. Name and add ress of manu facturer. tle forms and ANSI-approved sheet sizes. the object and name of the company.
3. Name and address of the purcha sing The title form is usually plac ed (Dat e, scale, and origi narors and
company, if any. along the bott om of the sheet or in the checker 's names are important, but
4. Signature of the person who made lower right-hand comer of the sheet , do not need to be prornin ent.)
the drawiug and date of completion. because drawings arc oft en filed in flat. Refer to Chapter 2 for detailed iufor
S. Signature of the checker and dat e of hori zontal draw ers. and the title must be mation on title blocks and standard
compl etion. eas ily found. However, as many filing letter heights.
434 CHAPTER 12 WORKING DRAWINGS
12.9 DRAWING NUMBERS
Every drawing should be numbered. Some companies use serial
numbers. such as 60412, or a number with a prefix or suffix let
ter to indicate the sheet size, as A60412 or 60412-A . The size
A sheet is a standard 8.5 x II". In different numbering schemes,
various pans of the drawing number indicate different things,
such as model number of the machine and the nature or use of
the part. In general, it is best to use a simple numbering system
and not to load the number with too many indications.
12.10 ZONING
To help people locate a particular item on a large or complex
drawing, regular ruled intervals are labeled along the margins,
often in the right and lower margins only. The intervals on the
horizontal margin are labeled from right to left with numerals,
12.1 1 CHECKING DRAWINGS
The importance of accuracy in technical drawing cannot be
overstated. Errors sometimes cause tremendous unnecessary
expenditures. The signature on the drawing identifies who is
responsible for its accuracy.
In small offices, checking is usually done by the designer
or by one of the drafters. In large offices, experienced engineers
may be employed to devote a major part of their time to check
ing drawings.
A drawing is carefully checked and signed by the person
who made it. It is then checked by the lead designer for func
tion, economy, practicability, fit, tolerances and so on . Correc
tions, if any, are then made by the original drafter.
The final checker should systematically review the draw
ing for any remaining errors. They should study the drawing
with particular attention to:
12 .12 DRAWING REVISIONS
Changes on drawings may be necessitated by changes in
design, changes in tools, desires of customers, or errors in
design or in production. An accurate record of all changes made
to released drawings is tracked via a revision block. This is
important so that the sources of all changes may be understood,
verified, and approved .
The record of revisions should show the change, by whom.
when, and why the change was made. An engineering change
order (ECO) or engineering change request (ECR) is processed
to approve and track changes to drawings once they have been
released for production. Some companies use a paper record
for this and others manage it digitally.
Any changes or additions made to a drawing are tracked
by a revision number. A symbol can be added to the drawing
showing the item affected by the revision.
It is not recommended to remove information by crossing
it out.
The drawing number should be lettered 7 mrn (.2500")
high in the lower-right and upper-left corners of the sheet.
In order to benefit from a CAD system, you must be able
to store and retrieve your drawings efficiently. Drawing track
ing software allows users to search by part number or text items
to retrieve drawing files and CAD models.
and the intervals on the vertical margin are labeled from bottom
to top with letters, similar to road maps. Note the zone letters
and numbers around the border of Figure 12.26.
I. Soundness of design, with reference to function, strength,
materials. economy, manufacturability, serviceability. ease
of assembly and repair, lubrication, and so on .
2. Choice of views, partial views, auxiliary views, sections,
lettering, and so on .
3. Dimensions, with special reference to repetition, ambigu
ity. legibility, omissions. errors, and finish marks. Special
attention should be given to tolerances .
4. Standard parts. In the interest of economy, as many parts
as possible should be standard.
5. Notes , with special reference to dear wording and legihility.
6. Clearances. Moving parts should be checked in all possi
hie positions to ensure freedom of movement.
7. Title form information .
In rare cases when a dimension is not noticeably affected
by a change, it may be underlined with a heavy line to indicate
that it is not to scale.
It is important to keep prints or microfilms of each issue on
file to show how the drawing appeared before the revision.
Issue new prints to supersede old ones each time a change
is made .
Digital systems absolutely must use careful backup proce
dures and. due to data loss concerns. are still not approved in
some industries.
If considerable change on a drawing is necessary, it may
be necessary to make a new drawing and stamp the old one
OBSOLETE and store it in an "obsolete" file. In the title block
of the old drawing, enter the words "SUPERSEDED BY" or
"REPLACED BY" followed by the number of the new
drawing. On the new drawing, under "SUPERSEDES" or
"REPLACES," enter the numher of the old drawing.
 1 2 . 1 3 S IMP L I F Y I N G 0 RAW I N G S 435

8 5 ,3 2

R EVI SI O NS
OK-.c-k ll' Tt O' u, n :
0) -026 /I N!A REI.EASE TO Plt.()I)\ JC TJ()N 2/ 5l03 LMCNEIL
H04H II B6 C I II\N ( jIJ)OVERA I.I. HEI<.iIIT FROM 1.300 ro 1.250 4110 1)7 M !)ERK INS
D 1\ 1.1. CORRE.<.i I'{)NJ)ING I)IMENSIONS WII .I. ( I'IANGE BY .0511 J\ S
WU J . D

.125
! .080

,375 Q

C
2-56 UNC-2B c
(l'J ,102 THRU
~ ,30 (3X)
LJ (l'J , 1 88 ~ 1. 2 2

(2X)

A"'\ \
\
\ VIEW A

A/
B B

/ " Symbol indicates revised item

ill
.At! ""
iVlJ'ol'T NG NQ

A ""A_ A
L MC NEIL 5113/02

NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED ""''''''

WHITE DELRIN M PER KINS 2/5 /03
1, REMO VE ALL BURRS AND SHARP EDGES eev.
2. "Q" INDICATES INCOMING QC INSPECTION POINTS B

12.26 Symbols Matching th e Item in the Revision Block Indicate Revised Features on a Draw ing .
Courtesy of Big Sky Laser, Inc.

Peopl e use variou s methods to re ference the area on a
d rawing whe re the cha nge is mad e. wi th the entry in the revi
sion hlock. T he most co mmon is to place number s or le tter s in
a sma ll ci rcle or trian gle near eac h place where the changes
were made and to usc the same numbers or lett ers in the
revision block , as show n in Figure 12.26. On zoned drawin gs
the zo ne of the co rrec tion is show n in the revisio n block. The
change shou ld also be described briefly, along with the date and
initial s of the person makin g the cha nge .

12.13 SIMPLIFYING DRAWINGS

Drawi ng time is a co nside ra ble part of the total co st o f a prod
uct. It makes sense to red uce drawing co ~ t s by usin g practi ces
to simplify your dr awin gs without losin g cla rity. Fo r examp le.
usc partial view s. half view s, thread sym bols, pipin g sy mbols,
and sing le-line spring dr awin gs when appro priate. Omi t lines
or lett erin g on a dra wing that are not needed for cl arity. In
addition to sav ing produ ction time, this makes dra wings easier
to read . To simplify drawings :
I. Use wo rd desc riptio ns when practi cal.
2. Do not sho w unn ecessary vie ws.
3. Use standard sy mbo ls such as 0 and standard abbrev ia
tion s (see App end ix 4 when appropriate).
4. Avoid elabo rate. pictori al, or repeti tive deta ils. Use pha n
tom lines to avoid drawing repea ted features.
5. List rather than draw standard part s such as bolt s, nuts,
keys, and pins.
6. O mit unn ecessary hidden lines.
7. Use outline sectio n linin g in large areas to save time and
improve legibility.
8 . Om it unnecessary duplica tion o f note s and lett erin g.
9. Use sy mbolic rep resent ation for pip ing and thread.
10. Use C AD libraries and standard pa rts when feasible for
design and drawin gs.
So me indu str ies have simplifie d thei r draftin g pract ices
even more. Le arn the practi ces appro priate 10 the indu stry for
which you are cre ating drawings.
436 CHAPTE R 1 2 WORKING DRA W INGS
12.14 PATENT DRAWINGS
The patent ap plica tio n for a machine or
device must inclu de drawings to illu strat e
and explain the inven tion . All patent
draw ings mu st be mech anicall y co rrect
and co nstitute com plete illu strati on s of
every feature of the inv en tion claimed .
T he strict requirem en ts of the U.S. Patent
Office fac ilitate the ex amination of appli
ca tio ns and the interpretatio n of patent s
issued . Exa mples of patent draw ings are
show n in Figure 12. 27 .
Drawin gs for patent applicatio ns are
pictorial and ex plana tory in natu re;
ther efore they are not as det ailed as
wo rki ng drawin gs for production pur
poses. Ce nterlines , hidd en lines. dimen
sion notes, and so fort h, arc o mitted,
since spec ific dimen sion s, tol eran ces,
and notes are ofte n not required to pa ten t
the ge neral des ign or in nov ation.
T he drawings mu st cont ain as ma ny
figures as necessary to show the inve n
tion clearl y. Th er e is no lim it on the num
ber of shee ts that may be sub mitted. T he
dra win gs ca n be produced by hand or
fro m the sa me CAD database used to
crea te the design doc ume ntatio n.
Whi le most enginee ring dra win gs
are produced with views in alignm ent on
one sheet, patent drawings must sho w
each separate view as one figure on a se p
ara te shee t. F igure s shou ld be numbered
co nsec utive ly (i.c ., Figure 1, Figure 2.
Figure 3A, Fig ure 3B, etc .). Views, fea
tures, and parts are ide ntifie d by numbers
that refer to the descri ptions and ex plana
tion s g iven in the specification sec tio n of
the patent appli cation . T he refer enc e
num ber for a pa rt or feature sho uld re
mai n the sa me in eve ry diagram .
Exploded iso me tric or perspecti ve
draw ings with refe rence numbers ident i
fying the part s (i.e., asse mb ly draw ings )
are preferred . Ccntcrlines are used to
illustrate how parts ar e alig ned in
ex plode d views. While the drawing must
show eve ry feature that is listed in the
patent cla ims, if standardized parts are
used , they ca n be represe nted sy mbo li
cally and do no t have to be drawn in
det ail.
Th e figures may be plan, e levation,
sectio n, pictor ial, and det ail vie ws of
po rtions or c leme nts. and they may be
drawn to an e nlarge d sca le if necessar y.
Th e U.S. Patent Office has basic
standards for drawings:
All shee ts within a sing le applica
tion must be the sa me size, and two
shee t sizes are accepted :
U.S. size: 8.5 by 11 " (2 16 111m x
279 nun ),
Internation al size: 2 10 rnrn x
297 mm .
Paper must be sing le sided .
Paper mu st be orie nted vertica lly, so
that the shor t side of the shee t is at
the top (ca lled po rtrait style in print
ing option s).
No bord er lines are permitted o n the
shee ts.
Th e follow ing minimum margin s
must be maintain ed.
Top margin : I" (25 mm) .
Left margin : I" (25 mm ).
Right margin: .675" ( 15 111111).
Bott om margin : .375 " (10 mm ).
No labe ls or dra wing lines may
ex te nd into the margin except for the
specific identi ficatio n required at
the top of eac h sheet and two sca n
target poi nts.
All draw ings must be sub mitted in
black and white- no color drawings
or pho tos except in very limited
cases.
Lines mu st be so lid black and suit
able for repro duction at a sma lle r
size.
Sh adin g (e ithe r c ross hatch or stip
plin g) is used whenever it im proves
readability. In rare cases wh en it is
necessary to sho w a fea ture hidd en
behind a surface, a light er so lid line
is used .
Sketches are accept abl e for the
applica tio n process. but for ma l
drawings will have to be created if
accept ed .
Photocopies are accepted since three
copies of eac h drawing must be submitted.
The drawings will not be returned so it is
not a goo d idea to send an original with the
initial patent application.
Whil e the a bove gives yo u a basic
idea of the standa rds for pate nt drawings.
the stric t requi rem ent s o f the U.S. Patent
Office are ca refully documen ted on their
Web site. Be sure to foll ow the ir requi re
ment s exac tly if yo u are prep ar ing draw
ings for a patent appli cation.
For more informa tion, log on to the
U.S. Patent and Tradem ark Office 's Web
site at hltp ://w w w.usp to .gov.
You ca n also co nsult the Guide for
Pat ent Draft sm en , whic h ca n he ob tai ned
from the Superintende nt of Document s.
U .S. Government Print ing O ffice,
Wash ington. D.C. 20402.
 1 2 . 1 4 PA T E NT DRA W I NG S 43 7

;~

I ;
i

-~::-.:-_~ - --~;-: - --

12.27 Patent Drawing Examples Although several examples are shown here, each drawing is shown on a
separat e sheet in the patent application. Courtesy of US. Patent and Trademark Office.
 -
CA D at WO R K

ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS USING PRO ENGINEER WILDFIR E

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f.l ' (l.N

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Example of a Color Shaded Exploded View Assembly from Pro Engineer Wildfire. Courtesy of Parametric
Technologies Corporation.

Great looking assembly drawings are only one of the ben efit s
of usin g 3D CAD for your de signs. You C<l n also c hec k to see
how part s fit together. perform tolerance studi es. and even see
how me chanisms yo u are designing will behave . Additionall y,
you can anal yze the mass prop erties of your design , determine
the volume and sur face area of co m plica ted shapes, and pro
duc e do cumentation drawings directly from the part mod el s.
Software like Pro/Engineer Wildfire 3 allows you to use
col or shaded views of models in the exploded view assembly
drawing. as sho wn in the figure above .
A s you decide whether to use a color shade d drawing or a
bla ck and whit e line drawing for an assembly drawing. con
sider whether a nd how the drawing will be repro duced. Shaded
colo r view s mak e it easy to identify a nd visualize the parts, but
requi re color printing and copy ing to look their best on pap er.
This doesn 't pre sent a problem if you are di stributing file s
elc ctronicall y.
Even though color shaded drawings look great, there are
times when black and white drawings are preferable. or
required . For example, patent drawings mu st be black and
whit e, sho w ing visibl e line s and not hidden lines . Black and
white drawings arc also helpful in use r manuals, whi ch may be
co pied or printed in black and white .
With 3D CAD software. it is not difficult to switch between
co lor shaded views. outlines. and view s that show hidden lines,
to suit the particular need that the drawing will meet.
 PORTFOLIO 439

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Assembly Drawing for Four Wheel Drive Pit Dyno. Cour tesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.
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This Cover for a Set of Architectural Plans Lists the Drawings in the Set and Abb reviations Used. Courtesy of
Locati Architects.
 440 CHAPTER 12 WORKING DRAWINGS

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Fully Assembled 3D CAD Model Showing How Parts Fit in Assembly.

Courtesy of Quantum Design.
 KEY WORD S 441

KEY WORDS CHAPTER SUMMARY

The design team moves through five stages duri ng the de sign
Top Down
process. Each stage hel ps the team refine the design unti l it
Botto m Up meets all product requi rements.
Middl e Out The final drawings created during the desig n process include
Constraint Based Modeling assembly drawings. working drawings, desig n drawings. and
patent drawi ngs .
Parent Part
There are many revi sions to drawi ngs during the design
Mating Parts process. T he drafter mus t kee p track of each version and what
Su bas sembly cha nge s were made.
Assem hly Layout Models are an important way of testing the way part s are
assembled . Both sca le mo dels created in a mode l shop and
Skeleton
co mp ute r-ge nerated virtua l rea lity models arc used by the
Working D raw ings des ign tea m to test their design.
Assem bly Drawings During the design process, all members of the team must
Explode d View und erstand their spec ific roles and how they relat e and internet
with the rest of the team. Effective team work is an essential part
Piece Part Dr aw ings
of the design process.
Part Drawings
Detail Draw ings
Balloon Num bers
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Ball Tags
I. What are the special requirements of a pat en t drawing?
Par ts List
2. What kinds of information are included in an assembl y
Bill of Materials drawing?
Poche 3 . How is a detail drawing different from an assembly drawing?
Working Drawing Assem bly 4. Why are draw ings numbered ? Why is this numbering so
important?
Installation Assembly
5 . Describe the drawing revision process. Why is it so important
Check As sembly to keep track of revisions?
Revision N umber 6. How are revised paper drawings stored? How are revised
CAD drawi ngs sto red?
7. W hat are the advant ages of co mp uter modelin g? Wh at are the
disad vantages?
 CHAPTER 12 WORKING DRAWINGS
DESIGN AND WORKING DRAWING EXERCISES
Design Exercises
The follow ing suggestions for project assignments are of a gen
eral and very broad nature , and it is expected that they will help
generate many ideas for specific design projects. Much design
work is undertaken to improve an existing product or system by
utilization of new materials. new techniques, or new systems or
procedures. In addition to the design of the product itself, another
large amount of design work is essential for the tooling , produc
tion, and handling of the product. You are encouraged to discuss
with your instructor any ideas you may have for a project.
Each solution to a design problem, whether prepared by an
individual student or formulated by a group, should he in the
form of a report. which should be typed or carefully lettered,
assembled, and bound. It is suggested that the report contain
the following (or variations of the following, as spec ified by
your instructor).
1. A title sheet. Th e title of the design project should be
placed in approximately the center of the sheet , and your
name or the names of those in the group in the lower right
hand corner. The symbol PL should follow the name of the
project leader.
2. Tahle of contents with page numhers.
3. Statement of the purpose of the project with appropriate
comments.
4. Preliminary design sketches, with comments on advan
tages and disadvantages of each, leading to the final selec
tion of the best solution . All work should be signed and
dated.
5. An accurately made pictorial and/or assembly drawing(s),
using traditional drawing methods or CAD as assigned, if
more tban one part is involved in the design.
6. Detail working drawings, freehand, mechanical. or CAD
produced as assigned. The 8.5 X II" sheet size is preferred
for convenient insertion in the report. Larger sizes may be
bound in the report with appropriate folding.
7. A bibliography or credit for important sources of informa
tion, if applicable .
Exercise 12.1 Design new or improved playground, recre
ational. or sporting equipment. For example, a new child's toy
could be both recreational and educational. Create an assembly
drawing.
Exercise 12.2 Design new or improved health equipment.
For example, physically handicapped people need special
equipment.
Exercise 12.3 Design a cup holder attachment to retrofit cars.
It must accommodate a range of cup size s from 8 oz to 64 oz
size.
Exercise 12.4 Design a guitar stand to support either an
acoustic or electric guitar. It should be convenient and stable,
suitable for use on stage. Allow for quick change of guitars by
the musician.
Exercise 12.5 Break up into de sign teams. See how many dif
ferent ideas each team can come up with for a new layout of
your classroom, Time limit is 20 minutes.
Exercise 12.6 Design a new or improved bike safety lock and
chain. Integrate the locking devices into tbe bike's frame, if
possible. Create an assembly drawing showing the features of
your design .
 EX ER e I S E S 443

Working Drawing Exercises
The probl em s in Exercises 12.7-12 .62 are presented to g ive
you pra cti ce in making the type o f regular workin g drawings
used in industry. Many exerc ises. espe ci ally assemblies, offe r
an oppo rtunity to exe rcise your a bility to red esign or improve
on the ex isting design. Du e to the variations in sizes and in
sca les that may be used. you are required to se lec t the shee t
sizes and sca les . wh en these are not specified. subject to the
approval o f the instru ct or. Standard shee t layo uts are sho wn
inside the front cov er of this book . (Any of the title block s
sho wn insid e the bac k cover of this book may he used. with
modificati on if de sired . or yo u may design the title block if
ass ig ned by the instru ct or.)
T he stateme nts for ea ch pro blem are intentiona lly brief
and yo ur ins truc tor may vary the requirem ent s. Usc the pre
ferred metric sys tem or the accept able co mplete decimal inch
syste m, as assi gned.
In probl em s present ed in pictorial for m, the dim ensions and
finish mark s are to pro vide yo u tbe information necessary to
make the orthog raphic drawin g or solid model. Th e dimensions
give n are in most cases those needed to make the parts, but due
to the limit ati ons of pictorial drawin gs they are not in all cases
the dim ensions that should be shown on the work ing drawing . In
the pictorial problem s. the rough and finished su rfaces are
show n, but finish marks are usually omitted . You sho uld add all
necessa ry fini sh mark s and place all dim ensions in the prefer red
places in the final drawings .

45 DEGREE FACE \ ,

\
THICKNESS I
.244 1.0" TO CENTER
.220 OF OPTIC FACE
\
I
r
/
0 1.000.00.
\/
)/
/
CHAMFER .005 J .010

/
0 .136 THRU HOLE - l
AROUND 2X EDGES
FOR 632 SHCS

Exercise 12 .7 Crea te part drawings and an as sembly

for the len s and mount. Maintain the critical distan ces
and prec ise 45 ang le for the len s.
444 CHAPTER 12 WORKIN G DRAW IN G S

Exercise 12 .8 Create an exploded assembl y drawing for the Exercise 12 .9 Design the sheet metal housing for the power
gyro sco pe. Create detail draw ings for the parts as assigned by and D-sub connecto rs shown. Download stock models for stan
your instructor. Dimensioned parts are show n on the facing dard parts. Create the n at patterns for the sheet metal if
page. ass igned by your instructor.

Exercise 12.10 Design a sheet metal drill bit case. Create

detailed part and asse mbly dra wings. Develop the flat patterns
if assigned . Use "relations" in your model so that you can Exercise 12 .11 Create an exploded asse mbly drawing for the
change the size s for the hole s and overall height, width and clump. Dimensioned parts are shown on page 442.
depth for the case and automatically update your design to
di fferent confi gurations.
 NOTES:
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES
2. SCALE FOR PARTS VARIES
R.l0

.625y--1
.04 2 THRU _ ,
R.020 0 .303
(BOTH SIDES)~ ~ ------ '
('/) 2 .375~ 02
0 .125 0. 125
(CROSS-SECTION) (CROSS-SECTION)

INNER RING 60 OUTER RING

R.125

R.03 AROUND PERIMETER

OF WEB CUTS
R.125 (80TH SIDES)
1.520
(TO <i OF R.l0
CIRCULAR CUT) R.l00

.738
'
'
........." .)
jI'
DETAIL OF WEB CUT

(7X EQUALLY SPACED

(
, +
~_~'--0.6 0
AROUND <i)

T ---~
BASE 0 .375 _F'--. '
j-,
.125
0 1.925
2X R.02
2X R.05
2X R.05

2.500

0 .063 m
.538 THRU
(TO <i OF .538 ><
(TO <i OF m
.500 R.0625 CUT)
R.0625 CUT) WHEEL ;0

.500 n

0 .188'
. 100
0.100 ~ Vl
m
TOP PEG BOTTOM PEG 0. 188 .250 Vl

CENTER POST .125

 .250 .---- ~.1 25 F::: ~

~+
I --
r- 1~R,25 TYP -. i':l _ - - . l .125 TYP

-r
0,"- , ,,. ,~
e.~,
.n zs
~I
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I . - .
- - -- - - - -- - - t R.313 4.563 1 .. / I I

I - - -
75
750 T
'..1
1.500

R12.250

r:f
ROCKER ARM R.563

-2~~
30'
V')

\.J 1.375
~ 1.875

1 I (2X) 0 .:5 3
~
Ir {
(2X)R 250
- I f - .125
Z
TT ~
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-
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0:: (2X) (1).250 J

1.000
I
"- 8125
I
1 .750 ~(2X I R 250 J CROSS
~ BRACE
'--- 0 .313 1 3125
0
.80 5
\.J (TOTANGENTOF
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- 14' 1.125 --j
~ (2X)R .250
~
0::
.250
__
.125 -J r
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(TO TANGENTOF
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2.58 1
3.128 J'-l
LEVER ARM
11 R.250
BASE
~
R,195\

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U
 E X ER e I S E S 447

2 .625-11UNC - 2B
4 5' CHAMFER ' DEPTH OF THD
,<>'0
\ MI2 X1.75

\ T18

-1 0 R20 J :
y".. .I;t.- I C I - I REQ D PA RT !A L V IEw
IN OIRECTI O N OF

16' FIL LETS & ROUNDS R J """OW

jMETRIC

C I - IREQD

Exercise 12.1 2 Mak e detail drawing for the table bracket.

Exercise 12.13 Make detail drawing for the RH tool post. If
assig ned. co nve rt dim ensions to metric sys te m.

.375 -16 UNC- 2 B \ _ _ - _ 0 1.6 23 - 1. 6 2 5

FILLETS & ROUNDS R .063

C I

I REO D

PARTIAL BOT TOM VIEW

(REDUC ED SC A L e)

4 x 0 .375

Exercise 12.14 Make detail drawing for the drill press base. Use unidir ect ional metric or decimal -inch dimen sions.
448 CHAPTER 12 WORK I N G DRA WI NG S

'-II2JI.75
f ro"",,;
.,4

Exercise 12.1S Mak e detail draw ing for

Exercise 12. 16 Make detail dra wing for
the shifte r fork. If ass igned, conve rt
the idler arm.
di mension s to metric sys tem.

BOSSE S 0 L25

Partial bottom view

4X '5 (' 125) -40 U N C- 2 B-I ~
Fillets &. rounds R.124
~
lY
unless otherw ise specified

1.7 50 - 1.7 5 2

.-1
/ 1~ Y'
..<' ''''d '?.,
""<:,,! O' / / ~V~ \
<5'0 '>-'
0 .750 - .75 2
Through
.375 - 24 UNF- 28
(To hole- Boss
on this side only)

Exercise 12.17 Ma ke detail draw ing for the d rill press bracket. If assig ned, co nve rt dim ensions to decimal inches or redesign the
part with metric dim ension s.
 E X ER e I S ES 449

u<t>:~~~
T.4 05
.053 x 4 5 CHAM FER

" 29 (.136)
"'8 - 32UNC- 2 B
( To Reamed
Hole)

.499 0 .136-T.5
0 .500 * 8-32 UNC-2B r. 375
0.255 TO .5 HO LE .~

.313- 18 UNC- 2B T.525 Js8j~~-:

MATL 'C I

I- REQ D ROUNDS s, FILLET S R .053

Exercise 12.18 Ma ke detail draw ing for the dial hold er. If assigned, co nver t dimensions to decimal inches or redesig n the part
with metric dime nsio ns.

r;.2 .747 2x.905 J25 x 45 CHAM FEn r-.875 x2.75 H E.X H D

"'2 .750
u (iH 50 1.052 - BOTH ENDS / CAP SCRE.W
2 RE QD

2x.875- 9 UNC-2 B~ """":A.

C 1-1 REQD

Exercise 12.19 Make detail drawings half size for the rack slide. If ass igned, convert dimensions to decimal inches or rede sign
the part with metric dim en sions.
450 CHAPTER 12 WOR KI NG DRAWI NG S

Z x. 4 38-14UNC-2 B T.6 2 MATL : C ' FILLET S &. ROUNDS "l .12

I REOD UNLES S OT HERWI SE
Ql,.247 SPECIFIED
1.250

.375-i6UNC-2B
(TO 0 .874 HOLE)
U0.406 T.50

.8 73
0.8 75
UQll25 T2 .S 0

Exercise 12.20 Mak e detail drawing half size for the automa tic stop box. If ass igned. redesign the part with
metr ic dim ension s.

ZxQl.53!

V IEW AT A C I-I EACH REQD

Exercise 12.21 Make detail drawings half size for the co nveyer housing. If assigne d.
co nvert d imension s to dec ima l inches o r redesign the parts with metric d imen sio ns.
 EX ER e I 5 E 5 451

R6 ~I~~tl +. R3
R IO 27

38 .10-38 .15 M 6 X I - 16 DEEP

R6
r;=tA=1=t!=~-----l-----l-_---++-.q::t:RvR 10

- - - - - - 25 4 - - - - - --1 3

~
t
RIO

C I DE TA IL OF /
I REQ D GROOVE S

~~ 20 20'
I I .I

R6

10

Exercise 12.22 For thc spindle housing. draw as follow s. Gi ven : Front . left -sid e. and bottom views. and
partial removed section. Required: Front view in full sec tion. lOP view. and right -side view in half section on
A-A. Draw hal f size. If assigned, dim en sion fully.
452 CHAPTER 12 WORK ING DRAWIN G S

l<:
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- +
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(, +
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- -
~Thf" note f or /l1I:i
r ead ;0 be r e moved
should
t-~_-~ ri
o / r e r rnoc;ufnng .

---~-~-~~

Exercise 12.23 For the arbor support brack et, draw the following . Gi ven : Front and right-side views. Required : Front. left- side .
and bottom views, and a detail section A-A. Use American National Standard tables for indicated fits and if required conv ert to
metri c valu es (see Appendixes 7-16). If assigned, dimension in the metric or decimal inch system.

zx 1319.05- 19.13

R I4

- - - - 15 2 - - --I

Exercise 12.24 For the pump bracket for a thread milling machine , draw tbe following . Given : Front and left-side views.
Required : Front and right- side views, and top view in section on A-A . Draw full size . If assigned, dimension fully.
 EX ERe I S ES 453

A
r-
26

102
85

I~ 10 5

35

-~'~-----'-'----f1d=..l.=:::"'=':;=='::=~~
W ALL S 5 THICK - FIL L ETS
s, ROUNDS R3 UNLESS
OT HE RWiS E SPEC IF IE D

Exercise 12.25 For the sup

port base for planer, draw
the following. Given : Front
and top views . Requir ed:
Front and top view s, left
CI
side view in full section
I
(ll17. 5 -u(ll30 I REQD A-A , and removed section
- --t-<-- 65 - - --1
~OTH SI DES 8-8 . Draw full size. If
1 9 1 --------- ~
assigned . dimension fully.

I Re S Exercise 12.26 For the jaw

I base for chu ck jaw. draw
I
St:YTh.dd~" I" ,it!>
the following . Given : Top,
iY,J>'t'bft>"mfrnf,O'IQ lty
O-ntlffX! ( """, $Jdc>v-ew. right -side. and partial auxi
liary view s. Required: Top.
left-side (be side top), front.
and partial auxiliary views
complete with dimensions,
if assigned. Use metric or
decimal inch dimensions .
Use American National
Stand ard tables for indi
cated fits or conv ert for
OlE. F"Q J:?(}I HG
metric values. See Appen
SAE rczo - NORMALIZE &. '"'A RDEN
dixes 5-14.

5 ECTION A-A
I't-. ASseMBLY)

, I I i 1/ "
454 CHAPTER 12 WORK ING DRAW INGS

.. ..:. .42
,
41.:. .37
FI I.l ETS AND ROt 'NDS R.3

[-- '02
I
I
I
62

T ,I :'
I
,..--t -P --+--i-r
26 2
- --.---
.---~
~~-"~-J=== L: ~ r~----Q:: : -
-----rc::
, :: ::: : : :
., .0

I
,4 5 b; -- ------.
2S " - 63
"
Exercise 12 .2 7 For the fixture base for
60-ton vertica l press, draw the follow ing.
Given : Fro nt and right-side views .
.,- ff-L.I. f ~~~. 076
6. ._
Requ ired: Revol ve front view 90
cloc kw ise; then add top and left-side
~~TRI(
CAST STEEL
L
view s. Draw half size . If assigned , r REQD L
I 31_ 1 _

69 .9 8
69 .90
' 78 - - - -- - '
complete with dimen sions.

2 X 0 26 IN LINE

SEcnON AT B- B
lDOUBL E 5 JZEl
C I FILLET S AND ROUNDS R3
I REaD UNLESS OTH ERWISE SPECIFIED

Exercise 12.28 For the bracket, draw the following . Gi ven : Front . left-side, and bottom view s, and partial removed section.
Required : Make detail drawing. Draw front, top. and right- side views, and removed sections A-A and BooB . Draw half size. Draw
section BooB full size. If assigned, complete with dimension s.
 EX ERe I 5 E5 455

I
28 +-__ L 44 .46 2 2x 7.1
44.4 5 0

2a-tl

~~
RELIEF 70
3 x I
57 DEEP
t
115 19. 0 5
19. 0 0
19

7 .1 --- - r l

"'12 .62 - 12 .70 - IJ-

I I

70

~_-,--l
>'
,63 -+-/-- - - - -I-L

16.0
----Th---l-f
1, 1 H
I

~35 -: 5
CI

7.1

~7 2 --~
I REQD

F ILLETS AND ROU N DS R3

UN LESS OTHERWISE SPEC IFI ED

1------11 5-------~

Exercise 12.29 For the roller rest bracket for automatic screw machine. draw the following. Given : Front and left-side views.
Required: Revolve front view 90 clockwise; then add top and left-side views. Draw half size. If assigned. complete with dimen sions .

I
~
n<68. 25 2 30 CAST IRON
\U68 . 17 I REQD
44
22 /
25 2 x 0 10 .0

2X R

FILLETS AN D ROUNDS R3

UNLE SS OT H ERWISE SPECIFIED

METRIC

Exercise 12.30 For the guide bracket for gear shaper, draw the following. Given: Front and right -side view s. Required: Front
view , a partial right-side view, and two partial auxiliary views taken in direction of arr ows. Draw half size . If assigned, complete
with unidirectional dimensions.
456 CHAPTER 12 W O RK I N G DRA WING S

14 3 -J
95 16.5
9521.5 - T 118 12 7~38 ==i

R6 IT
;.....,..-I,f-+. I-{-+-~-+: +-1-;-:- - --" l45 I
80

- t-t-
'---1
I

-t-
,,+r ll

-
-Tr-l---------if---lli
I
I

19- lr -
- _L _-., U- _! Jl----- ~i
, ' - - -'''+-R6 4
':.: .... I I
14 2 90 '~....<,~ I
I
1
I
I I . ":....'..c 1 I M IO x 1.5 TIO

J
~~;:,f,j : '~7Jk, ~,
scr--;
r-+i-------'-,I ~
11 / /7
I f' )"'7t
....':::. ...,./
FA a
14
- I.
( If
f " I'
h~\.------J 25 19 LMETRIC]
C RS - I REQD 50" / / '--1.. (Underlined figu res
2x M 10 x 1.5 (.L to s/ o r) ""-Y not to scale here)

Exercise 12.31 For the rear tooJ post, draw the following. Giv en: Front and left-side view s. Required: Take left- side view as
new top view ; add front and left- side view s, approx. 215 mm apart, a primary auxiliary vie w, then a secondary view taken so
as to show true end view of 19 mm slot. Complete all views, except show only necessary hidd en line s in auxil iary views .
Draw full size. If assigned, complete with dim ensions.

(2)32

R5

t -
l
22
-

~C I-' RW O
- 98.5 I
I

I-e FI LLETS A ND ROUN DS R6

UN LESS OT H ERW ISE 5 PECIFIED

IMETRIC :

Exercise 12.32 For the bearing for a worm gear, draw the following. Given: Front and right- side views. Required : Front , top,
and left-side view s. Draw full size. If assigned, complete with dim ension s.
 EX ERe I S E S 457

~
22S0
' ' .1 881 7 \0.203-.2S-Z0UNC-2 B g.I~~ FOR 5 GROOVES
g~l~~ PITCH DIA - 4 HOLES 5 MOOTH FIN15H
S YMME T R ICA LLY SPACED R.l2 gg
:Js,. , W ITH R ES PECT TO <E.&1. ~l'

RJ25 . \ ,.
SECT B- B 20 -1
0 J09 -8 HOL ES
EQUALLY SPACE D.
FL AT S ON OP P \
PISTO~
BOT TO M G ROOVE
S IDES OF
S ECT A-A
~.~; APART \
EAC H ~.~~~~ TO .032 x 4 S 0
et: OF P IS TON I CHA M FER
\
\

0 i : ~5nMUST BE R E AME D SQUARE W ITt-I S KIRT

TH IS SUR FACE RECE SSED :g\~ TO 4 S' ON G RAY I RO N CAS T ING

EACH SIDE OF {, O F WR IST P IN HOLES 6-R E QD

Exercise 12 .3 3 For the caterpillar tractor piston, draw the fo llow ing. Make detail drawing full size. If assig ned, use unidirectional
decimal inch system. co nve rting all fracti ons to two place decim al dimensions. or co nvert all dimensions to metri c.
458 CHAPTER 12 WORK I NG D RAW INGS

08.:'-T24
MIO '1.:'- TI6
6I-U..ES EQU<\LLY
38007 sPPCED
0 38!m
0126 CORE____
11

N R27
N CORE
& 08. S- T24
MI0' 1.5 -1 17
4 HOLES
CI EQUALLY S PACED
I R EQD
13.46
/3.33

Exercise 12.34 For the generator drive housing. draw the following. Given: Fron t and left-side view s. Required: Front view,
right -side view in full section. and top view in full section on A-A. Draw full size. [I' assigned , complete with dimen sion s.

-JAW - S TK . 62 5 x . 6 2 5 X 4 . 81 2~
COLD ROL L ED STEEL I;:.,' <,
CAS E HARDEN ALL OVER . ?~
I R EQ D

.?S

2x. 312-/8UNC-2A .l
BOTH SCRE WS

Exercise 12.35 For the machinist's clamp, draw the following . Draw deta ils and assembly. [I' assigned, usc unidirectional two
place decimal inch dimen sion s or redesig n for metric dimensions.
 EX ERe I SE S 459

Exercise 12.36 For the hand rail column, draw the following .
(I) Draw details. If assigned, complete with dimensions.
(2) Draw assembly.

Exercise 12.37 For the drill jig, draw the following. (I) Draw
details. If assigned, complete with dimensions. (2) Draw
assembly.
460 C HAP T E R 1 2 W 0 R KIN G D RAW I N G 5

8 WASHE R - SAE 1040

I REQ D

2 W EDG E

SAE 10 4 5

HEAT TREAT

I REQD

CD TOOL POST BODY

CAST IRON-I REQ D

Exercise 12 .38 For the tool post, draw the followin g. ( I) Draw details. (2) Draw assembly. If ass igned, use unidirectional two
place decimals for all fractional dim ensions or redesign for all metric dim ensions.
 EXERCISES 461

/ - 0 26.9
~I- (7)BUSHI NG
\ ~OS BRO N ZE: . STK 0 3 5

\ O tL GROO VE.
\ 3 ,O.8DEEPl
'I "~ ,
I -, , I
\ ~, ,,~.
1 ' 1
,: . : IC

3 .2 ' 1.7
>;E Y W A Y / g
=
=::;
3 016 =:3
~

(DF RAME - i
C I

[METRIC]
N ::)12. 5-

Exercise J 2 .39 For the belt tightener, draw the following. (I) Draw details. (2) Draw assembly. It is assumed that the parts
are to be made in quantity and they are to be dimensioned for interchangeability on the detail drawings. Use tables in
Appendixes 11-14 for limit values. Design as follows . (a) Bu shing fit in pulley: locational interference fit. (b) Shaft fit in
bushing: free running fit. (c) Shaft fits in frame: sliding fit. (d) Pin fit in frame : free running fit. (e) Pulley hub length plus
washers fit in frame: allowance 0.13 and tolerances 0.10 . (1) Make bushing 0.25 nun shorter than pulley hub. (g) Bracket fit in
frame : Same as (e) .
462 CHAPTER 12 WORKING D RA WI N G S

<i'l 0",
~
,
. Xc. IS'

1
~'.9-1 1 ~
'1 ~.6 2 ,
3 SV-ANVIL
A E 10 4 5
, HEAT T REAT
'Z.o0 I REQD-F AO

@PAD In< 373 HEAD

1U.3 7 2
PHOSPHOR DROP

BRON Z E .62 5 -/8 UN F- 2 B FORG ING

I REQ D- F A O IN
KNUR L E.D NUT
SAE 1045
HEAT TREAT
I REQD
ME DIUM KNURL
0.1875 T.25
3 HOL ES , EQ UA L LY
S PAC ED

0:~;g -2 DEEP
2-45UNC-2A-LH

BOTH

S LI DING SCRE.W
3
TI E ROD

ENDS

10 4 5 - HEAT TREAT 5 A~ 1040

I REQ D- FAO HEAT TREAT

0 .656
u01.282

S A E 1020
, .D6x4 5 CHAM 6 CLAMP cJe.~

~
SPr'
BOLT
.25 x .62 5 SLOT. HDLS SA E 10 2 0
CAS E
S ET SCREW HDN
FULL DOG PT I RE Q D
CA S E H ON- I REQD

.625 - 1' UNC-2A

Exercise 12.40 For the milling j ack, draw the follow Exercise 12.41 For the connecting bar. draw the following .
ing. ( I) Draw details . (2) Draw assembly . If assign ed . ( I) Draw details. (2) Draw assembly. If assigned, convert
convert dimen sions to metric or decimal inch system. dimensions to metric or decimal inch system .
 EX ERe I 5 E 5 463

CAP Exercise 12.42 For the clamp stop, draw the following.
CI
( 1) Draw details. (2) Draw assembly. If assigned , convert
dimensions to decimal inch system or redesign for metric
dimensions.

i-=--'H--------+_ ~
05.3
r 2XR

R22 1
86

13 2

I i-++ --+-t--l\ 86 --J---25

\ i RIO
\e-@ HEX N U~
~PIL LOW
R6 BLOCK
CA ST IRO N
rl2) BE A RING CAP
~
/ .. ... C AST IR O N

! 4 5' X 2.5 CHAM

BOTH ENDS
021 (CAP ONLY)
:T"RiS

Exercise 12.43 For the pillow block bearing , draw the fol
lowing . ( I) Draw detail s. (2) Draw assembly . If assigned,
f-- - - - - - 1 4 2 - - - - -----I
compl ete with dimensions.
 CHAP TER 12 WORK ING DRAW ING S

1"-7 A CME T HD S

2x0 4.8 TS

RI2

~----::"""--R5\T
I I
r
48
38

FAO AL L PARTS EXCEPT CD BASE

1.
19 0
90

RS

"
,/ qr-
I.
I
<,
.... 8
/ I
I I
I I
1.I ---,
I

\\ 1
I
\ 1
....
.... 1
<, _IIL 1
I
76
1
1

0 25 .48

~E~

CENT E RING RE S T
PARTS LIST
NO PA RT NAM E MATL REQD NO. PART NA M E MATL REQD
I BASE C I I 5 C L A M P SCR EW 5 A E.. 10 2 0 I

2 REST S AE,I02 0 I 6 C L AMP H A N D L E SA E 10 2 0 I

3 C L A MP SA E 10 2 0 I 7 M 6 X 1-2 5 LG FI L HO C A P SCREW 2
4 A DJUSTING N UT SAf. 10 2 0 I 8 5.5 X 5 . 5 X 3 .2 - 2 5 LG KE Y S A E 10 3 0 I

Exercise 12 .4 4 For the cen teri ng rest, draw the followi ng. ( I) Draw details. (2) Draw asse mbly. If assig ned, co mplete with
d imensions.
 EX ERe I 5 E5 465

\ ,' ' r ' \

1-,'; - , 1 " ~
I -P-;-L -n- - - - - - - - .-
, I I I , ! I

PIP E VISE

HANDLE CAP
5TD CA P

-:
o V IS E SC R E W ~'
5 A E. 1045
HEX NUT
5 AE. 10 2 0

@ G UIDE L1 NK ---- >:

0
5 A E 10 2 0 N

OJ

8 '"
GUIDE BAR N

(i) VIS E BASE \

5 A E 1020 : -
CAST 5TEE L ' ~ r
~
i!i
:B
~
0
':'
'"
+ 2
I
s
0

g'"
-'"
I
R
t- - + 0 U PPER JAW
0
<D
0 N
SA E !0 4 5
HA~D E.N E.D
'"
0
~

~
LOWE R JAW '"
o_
N
+ SA E 10 4 5
HA~DE NE.O 2
+ , @ HEX CAP SCR 0-:-0
SA E. 102 0
2
I VI

I /..- ~ - - ..... , ~, ] I I
C(

~_ - .L ..j. ...l - - . - -
W

" - -r4.H - - .-; - _ .L t .L , \ f-

f+ I Ll l..lj 1
WVI
::iw
I
I
+ _--- - -- - - i- --- - -
1+ 1
1 35
i< ;<::

Exercise 12.45 For the pipe vise. draw the follo wing. (I ) Draw details. (2 ) Draw assembly. To obtain dimension s. take distan ces
directly from fig ure with divid er s; then se t di vider s o n printed scale and read measurem ent s in millimeters or decimal inches as
ass igned. All thread s are general purp ose metri c thread s (see Appendix 15) or unified coa rse thread s except the Am erican
Nationa l Stand ard pipe threads on handle and handle caps,
466 CHAPTER 12 WOR KING DRA W INGS

(DPLUNGER
TOO L STE EL- ST K.5 X 4 .IB8
\ o S PR ING -
6 TU RNS/I N.
- - ----,I
I
\
.312 1D - STK 18GA MUS IC I
W IRE .0 4 7 DIA- HARD EN IN OIL
0.3 12
M IL L 2 FLAT S APART \ .3 15
HAR DE.N & DRAW TEMPE.R 7

BODY-TOOL STE EL:

STK 0 .75 , 7.312

m --~- i
I~.06 2 l~~~~~=f'
0 .375
3.875 I 1.25------\:-+-- - - -
HARDEN PLUNGER .5 BACK FROM
E:ND & DRAW T EMPE R TO PUR PLE: COL O R
If---- - - - - - - - - 7.25 - - - - - - - -- - ----j

Exercise 12.46 For the tap wrench , draw the followin g. ( I) Draw detail s. (2) Draw asse mbly. If assigned, use unidirect ional two
place decimals for all fractional dimensions or redesign for metric dimen sions.

r 0.5 -v90o- r.03 1

I
\ 2 HOLES
I,
\

~~7~R~~V:i\ I

~
'=
'=

Exercise 12.47 For the machini st' s vise. draw the following. (l ) Draw detail s. (2) Draw assembly. If assigned , use unidirect ional
two place decim als for all fractional dimensions or redesign for metric dimension s.
 EX ERC I SE S 467

~ SP ECIAL SCREW
/ ~ MAC HINE ST EEL
-'- - --..,1
~ S LOT
>: .094 W IDE x .125 DE. E. P
.23 4

I"
<0
o n
CA P
CAST IRO N
---- .6875 DRILl - 2 HOLE. S
AT R IGH T A NGL ES
\I

5 LEV ER ~~--,-'-J ' - - - - - NE CK

CO L D ROLLED .125 W IDE." .156 DE EP
STEEL R.25
to
9
.........--1.25- 4 SQUARE

4 W EBS EQUALLY
N
Lf) SPACED <0
<d

FAO

lW."5 STA ND
CAST IRO N

.56
1

SCREW JACK

Exercise 12.48 For the screw jack , draw the follow ing. ( I) Draw details. (2) Draw asse mbly. If assigned, co nver t dimensions to
decimal inches or redesign for metric dimensions.
468 CHAPTER 12 WORKIN G DRAWIN G S

JUS

- - - - - 017
fi' ST OC K SUPP OR T B AS E
\.:../ CAST IRON - I R EQD

4, (ZI:74 9 -- TI.I25

SIOCK /5 ac curate t o .o O/ ~

4 REQD .062 ,4 5" C H A M F E ~

~F-; ---i L s
ADJ USTI NG N U T HAND LE

S TOC K SU PP O R T RO L L ER

~?e
rn
"t .625 - 11 UN C- 2A. 09~
3 "',187 SL O
~Cfi2 ' 45' r !"_ I
S T OCK I T EM S
--+
:'
- ----rI--W1@ll!:!l
IffiHH1ffiJ!
!lll!l!J!I!li ~
I -"S TA P E R P IN I
~ .
I 55 1--2.5 SA E 10 20

@
4 ' L ENGT H
1- .625 FIN, H EX J AM NUT A D JUS T IN G SCREW GU IDE
IREQD
o TH RU ST BE A R ING

r "':":-' u. '"'
DRIL L & REA M FOR " 8 TA P E R PIN IN AS S EM BLY
.0 625 ' 4 S" CHAMF ER
I

JE;-~-- ---~
,":11;2'

I ' 21.25 - - - - - - - -
SA <: 10 4 0 - I R EQ ~
5
\::./ S UPPORT A DJ U STI NG S C R EW

Exercise 12.49 For the stock bracket for cold saw machine, draw the follo wing. ( I ) Draw detail s. (2) Draw assembly. If assigned ,
use unidirecti onal decimal dim ensions or rede sign for metric dimen sions.
 EX ERCIS ES 469

8 BOLT
STE EL ~A-A

SEC T
o
co
g

SS N
o
't

g
o
(7) SCREW N

~TEEl- sa BAR Q
T REAT- P 50 Y o
(3)TOOL
'---HOLDER
A- I-STEEL
- BA R
TREAT- P50Y

Exercise 12 .50 For the front circular form ing cutter holder. draw the followin g. ( I) Draw details. (2) Draw assembly. To obtain
dim ension s. take distance s dire ctly from figure with divid ers and set dividers on printed scale. Use metri c or decim al inch
dimen sions as assigned.
 CHAPTER 12 WO RK ING D R AW INGS

,c1!111' '

~
, . V'
:J / fi
, ;./ &..
. ~. " ......v ?~
..: 0
$> I .O.3l'J 0 (.ZJ6)-24UNC-2A
@ S ET SCREW
SAC"'OI6 - 2 R Eq O

.812 - 20 UNEF- 3 A. L H 2 x 0 25 DRILL( .r49 5) n 062

~' * .216- 24 U NC- Z 8 1 .75

- .09 3 X.l25 DPSLOT U0218 1.37 5 --'-""-_-:>=-~ ~_

~ COL LA R
SA" 1020 - I REQ D
0 S LIDING J A W

C I ' ,R ~ Q D

Exercise 12.51 For the machine vise, draw the following . ( I) Draw detail s. (2) Draw assembly. If assigned, convert dimen sions
to the decimal inch system or redesign with metric dimen sions .
 EX ERe I 5 E5 471

Exercise 12 .52 Part (a) For the grinder vise,

draw the follow ing. ( I) Draw detail s. (2) Draw
assembl y. If assigned. convert dimensions 10
decimal inche s or rede sign with metric dimen
sion s. See parts (b) and (c) on the following
pages.
472 CHAPTER 12 W ORKING DRAWIN G S

V IEW IN DIRECT ION

OF ARROW A

FIL LETS AN D

ROUNDS R .l2S

(DVISE BASE
C I ' REQ D

@) PROTRACTOR
SCRE W SA E 1115

2 REQD

@ CO MPOU N D RES T HA NDLE

SA E 3 14 0 - I REO 0

PROT RACTOR
S A E 3 14 0- I R EQD
C:x.s - IZUNC- 2B T.688
Bon OM TAP

Exercise 12.52 Part (b) For the grinder vise, see Exercise 12.58 part (a) for instru ct ion s.
 EX ERe I SE S 473

WAS HER
SA E 10 20 - 2 REQD

U S E.@
S TANDARD

\L 45
CHAM FER
TO BOTTOM
OF THD
R. 0 62

(2) HINGE B O LT
.062 5A E 104 0 - 1 R EQ D
0 .625---&-
.093~r
@ SEC BAS E SCR EW 2 x 0.218- u0 .343 - +.062
5A [ 1020 -4 R EQ D
2 x 0.531- u 0 .781-l .2
L~ I_---",

7
.4371- ........_----:_1_-1

I -~ ~5
~.625~-- 1.5 --1 I
~'----2. 75 ~
@ CLA MP PLATE
S A E 3140- I REQ D

0 .5 6 3-CLE AR THR OUGH

(No top p ed holes

on t h is side)

'/ S
* 10 - 3 2 U NF-2 B -;3 7 5 DE E P I
2 HOLES ON I" DIA BC-l

Exercise 12. 52 Parr (C) For the grinder vise, see Exercise 12.58 part (a) for instructions.
 CHAPTER 12 W O R KI N G DRA WI N G S

DETA IL SHOWING
BEA RING ASS Y

2 x(OO.218

I - 2.3 75- l062

-
, - - 4.5 - - -----1
@ A DJ UST ING SHIM
H RS -2 REQ D

~ 1 . 117
1.116

1- - 2.25 2 " 0 .87 5

(S tock. ite m) .15 6 - .., 1--_
4.5 - - -----1

T ROL L EY WH EEL WH EEL SNAP RING SI DE PLAT E

C 1 - 2 REOD SPRING STEEL-4 REOD H RS - 2 R EQ D

Exercise 12.53 For the trolley, draw the following. (I ) Draw details , omitting parts 7-14. (2) Draw assembl y. If assigned,
convert dimen sion s 10 decimal inche s or redesign for metric dimen sions.
 E X E Re I S E S 475

IZ TEETH
Zo' STUB -IZP L ZS-ZOUNC-Z 6

o FACE PL AT E
C I - IREQD
PITCH D I A ~I.000 .005

(3)
"S
PIN ION SHAF T
ESSPROOF" STL - I REOD
'.6 8 71-

GRIND

C RS
RAM
10 16 - 1 REOD
BOTH
FACES

@ .25 - Z0 x .6 75 HEX HD CAP SCR- 4 REOD

T A BLE PLAT E
C I -I REQD

@ '0 - 32 x .625 HEX SOCK FL PT SET SCR - 4 REOD

e '0-32 x .187 SLOTT ED FL PT SET SCR-I REQD
RI.312
Zx0.406

@ ~ 10-3Z 5 F HEX JAM NUT - 4 REQD

r RI.2 5
1 l8 75

-t:=3-~~
. R.l87

"T
@ .25x .875 GROOV- PIN

I REQD

FILLET S &. ROUNDS R.l25

B~D 93
UNL ESS OTHERW ISE
! SPECIFIED
.w.o
1 ' 1
~
I
1-1.3125-; (\j
(\J

!
(9)
GIS PLATE

~S 1010- 2 REQD

I L _
-' -- I'-~'f-+-+-+~--1

-~

i"1.I
25
h H-.~;~ I
-~---'f .74 9 ' - /
1-.5 , / --3.5--~
@ .25 -Z0x .5 T HUM B SCR / 5- _ _ 5 / 0> :?J
~~::: -'.2 zousc -ze " , I

1 I' ...--~ 10-32 UNF-2B . 10-32 U

'
2 /

~
1
NF-~ R.25
0,03Ix 4S'CHAM 2 HO LE S
-(
1:<
+ ;L0.750
7S1 rt-.
\..0 FR AM E
'Q

0'y

(2) CO bJ,," 'E.

C RS - I REQD
C I -I REO D
(De tail drawing : Draw Front.
L S ide. B o t t om. <I. Fbrtio l Top,

p lus Rem oved Sec tion of ri b ),

l
LL LJ..+~-i.-",~-J==:=-----r-------+-l.-l

- - - - - - 8.6 25 -
2.75
- - - - - - - - - - -:

I
Exercise 12.54 For the arbor press. draw the following . (1 ) Draw detail s. (2) Dra w asse mbly. If assign ed . co nvert dimensi ons
to decimal inches or redesign for metric dimensions.
476 CHAPTER 12 WORKING D R A WI N G S

SECT A-A

BLANK FORMING
TOOL
F -S TE EL- I.l25 x 3 .125 BAR

I! Ii

Exercise 12.55 For the form ing cutler holder. draw the following. ( I) Draw details using decimal or metric dime nsion s. (2) Draw
assembly. Above layo ut is half size. To o btain dime nsions. take distances directly from figure with dividers and do uble them. At
left is sho wn the rap view of the forming cutter ho lder in use on the lathe .
 E X ERe I S E S 477

R.2S

r~ / RC2FIT

If) ~++...Ll..~=j=!j=i~ --.L

0
"'-.063 X 4 5

I C HAM F ER
B OTH ENDS

'---+-'4---t-- 2X R

2X .312- 18 UNC-2 B

RE AM
FO R@

I BASE PLATE I CRS I x5x95 9 S LEEV E BRONZE o D.718 -1 D.640

I
2 GAG E BLOCK I C RS 1.5 x 2.875 x4.875 10 STUD I
CRS .625 DIA < 3
3 LOCATIN G PLUG I CRS 2 .0 0 5 DIA>< 2.25 I I KEY 2 CRS .5 x .812x15
4 C-WASHER 1 CRS 2.875 DIA, .5 12 SOC H D CAP SCR2 STK .312 >< .75
5 REST BLOCK \ CR S 1.375 x 2 )< 2.7 5 13 PIN I DR .375 :<2
6 C LAM P I CRS 1:< I x3 .625 14 SOC HD CAP SCR 3 STK .s 1.25
7 .6255TD HEX NUT 2 5TK 15 DOWE L PIN 2 ST K .312 D IA ' 1.5
8 S PRING 1 ~~~~~ WIRE .054 - 0 D.87 16 SOC HD CAP SCR 2 STK .5X I
It em NAME Amt MATL REMARK S It em NAME Am' M AT L REMA RKS

Exercise 12.56 For the milling fixture for clutch arm, draw the following . (I ) Draw details usin g the decimal inch sys tem or
redesign for metric dimen sion s, if assigned . (2) Draw assembly .
478 CHAPTER 12 WORK ING D RAW I NGS

,JACOBS CHUCK.
24 9

Exercise 12.57 Part (a) For the drill speeder, draw the following . (I ) Draw details. (2) Draw assembly. If assigned, convert
dimension s to decimal inches or redesign with metric dimensions . See parts (b) and (c) on the following pages.
 EX ERe I S E S 4 79

.I 0 1.06 2
10 6 3

'-- 01.375 "'1

~ I r0.~371 ~
':; -.
@ SP IND LE WA5H ER
C R S - I REQ D

@ THR UST BEAR ING

1.344 OD s; .62 5 ID x . 56 2
STK - I REQD

I NT E R~ E DI AT E GEAR
0: :1~~ ....../ "42@" LL JZHO LE 5 r o PA T. - 337 - C 1- 2 R EQ D
\ FO R 23 ;;'3 E.SCUTCHEON PINS - 2 REO D '-!1\j-
\ I 'j

30DY- LOWER
PA T.
HAL F
"3.36 - C I - I R EQD

I I~

Exercise 12 .57 Part (b) Forthedrill speeder, see Exercise 12.63 part (a) for instructions.
480 CHAP TER 12 WORKING D RAW ING S

HARDEN T EETH

Tts - ---
r.D1O a. 0
GOO POI NT
CH
~ ;; - lIlKl
"':s' Z
N

t
.03 1 ~ <q

~ 87
s-1 ,,,,
3.5 ----~
@ SPIN DLE BUSH ING
f4\ SPINDLE -SPECIAL STL PAT. 11'3 4 1
~ I REOO 8RZ- 1 REQD 26 T -12 P

POLISH BRIGHT
A L L OVE R

f-- - - - 17 WHEN STR AIGH T - - -- - -.1

~ 5TOP ROD

CRS -I REQD

R.0 62
CASE HA RDEN CASE HAR DEN POLISH?

r
\~:::~~~::=r ~~
I
'& - 1

I
L
0.141-1".187
1.062-16 UN- 2 B
0.141 - T.187
.Jt .l
2
25 R.015

@ S HANK BUSHING
@ ADJUSTM ENT N U T-UP PER @ AD-JUSTME NT NUT-LOWER PH BR Z -I REQD
M S -I REQO M S - I REQD

CA SE- HA RDEN
AND POLISH
ALL OVER R.0625
~I _ '

r .5 ~
,.
.5-I.3U NC- 2 A FOR
fi6\
.5 FIN HEX NUT C H
2 REQD
7
~"_ '2R.01
' 5 DIAMOND
""'UM
KNURLING

;-jH~

2!
;' -~ ~
\ CX-1 9P.218r- = =~ 1'
'4 -- ~ .~ -- - I : ... : 45"

s- r \;Y ~
'& Ql<l) c,,/ .' TI

L
.125 ~ . .3 75 - 16 UNC- 2 A
.I25 FOR \C o

@ COTT ER OIL "'1

CASE HA RDEN
KEY,"13 - .0 93 X.75 3.687

2 REQD 17\

~6EAR S TUD
M S -2 REQD
STO P ROD SET SCR EW
M S - I REQD

Exercise 12 .5 7 Part (C) For the drill speeder. see Exercise 12.63 part (a) for instructions.
 EX ERe I S E S 481

19 DRILL U66)
REAM IN ASSEMBLY

R.375

8~
l1. ...J
a:~
"' z
0.. Q
a: !:OJ
:n~
f': :I:
ofl Z

"1 0

(5) STOP BLOCK

SA E )j(O COLD DRAWN STEEL- .875x e BAR
I REQD

.5 - 12UNC-3A
NECK r .0 4 6 8
(10')CROSS SLIDE
GI5" BINDER SCREW
SAE X- /3/5 ST EEL-eoLD FINISHED
.55Q BAR- T::l EAT-P 55 Z
I REQ D

Exercise 12.58 Parr (a) For the vertical slide tool, draw the following . ( I) Draw detail s. If
ass igned, convert dimen sions to decimal inches or redesign for metric system. (2) Draw assembl y.
Take given top view as front view in the new drawing; then add top and right-side views. If
assigned, use unidire ctional dimen sion s. See part (b) on the following page.
482 CHAPTER 12 WO RK ING D R AWI NGS

",011
~.~
.L TOP VIEW
BREAK
. ===:J !L III
- 'b - - - - - -uw A_---r~_ ~/ CORNERS
_ ~1 7 TAPER PER FT

L.375 -2 4U N F - 3 A
- SLOT 07 WIDE,
.093 DE EP
t
/1 (\2) SCREW
;;::=(ST EEL-
TREAT A55Z
.5 BAR

5 AE
GIB
iozo STE EL
.375 <1 BAR -I REQD -1 BU SHING
SAE 1035 STEEL
;.)1
J.'
/

'1
t1 ~ F
I REQD

,201 R.031

I
(' ?fJ KNURL
"JI ~
I '
Jo1!1?
rZ 5
1.62SBAR I REQD
LJ5~ -: i1 ~ S LOT 0 8 0 WIDE v:
STAMP 1;'
'/ ' ..J
",5 y'1 F R.0 31 I 41'\ .0 78 DEEP
NO. HERE- , -j ~I-", 1-.031 'f'~
T,I!-W ,-KNURL 'J:
a/\!~ ~5[;
Z~
NECK .0 78 WIDE AT
M- h " , SlOT" 080 x T .10 9 BOTTOM x.03ID EEP
, , INDEX I .1"1' " - :.375- Z4UN F - 3 A
,,,z,- , m.h LINE %,u] NECK .0 78 WIDE AT
""" ~-~ it/' ~ B OTTO Mx T.031
R031 .2' N -+ .3 75 - c4 UNF- 3 A
r- -.562 I CHA MF ER TO BOTTOM OF T HD
(7)
CU P @
STOP SCREW
5PRI~5TE EL-. 0 31 <.3 12 x I. 8 7 5 S A E )\-1315ST EEL(CO LD FINI5 HED), .625 BAR
FLAT S MI LLED
BEFORE BENDING
z REQD
R.l2 5 -
S1 ON ROUN D
;0': .062"-45' STOC~,

0 " ,\ CHAM FEA ' ~- I'

AS~I ~
6
.- rr-....,..:. - -+- - ---,,:......,..-z.7-- + __-r-c_ _ .A (i5) SHO E
I N O~ BRASS ~ I
.40 6 BAR )'-:::' 'r
I REQD .0 31x 4 SO

MILL TO
0
12
'1
~2 :;,1
CLEAN U j 5~;"" ~
UjONLY ~~"
N
~

Exercise 12 .58 Pa rt (b) For the vertical slide tool, see Exercise 12,64 part (a) for instructions.
 EXERCISES 483

Ex ercise 12 .5 9 Part (a) For the slide tool, draw the follow ing. Consult parts (b), (c), (d), and (e) on the following pages to:
( I) Draw details using decimal inch dimensions or redesign with metric dimensions, if assigned. (2) Make an assembly drawing
of this slide tool.

PARTS LIST NO . OF SHEET S___?__ S HEET NO .- - l - MACH IN E NO . M - 2 /9

LOT NU MBER
NAM E S_LIP.~ _'l:9QLt.SP ECIFY lliL.QLNK ~~...L..-
NO . OF PIEC ES
. .
..
' ~ 'A~ vc
I" ~ .
N " M 0,- .. ..... T
""'I T NO .
CMT'''OM
""'lII'r HO
''''' 1'<0
"'
MAnltlAL
~ellf, _
~,
pell Pe
D:A LUIGI" MIl l
...."t
lJUO Ofll
N -:J . ~ t Q
rl NISII

1 Body 21 9 - 1 2 0 - 174 17 A-3- S

D F

1 S Ud. 219 - 6 D- I 92 55 ~ -~-S 219 -12

1 lIu t 219 -9 - 19256 # 10 9Z 21 9-6

1 Glb 21 9 - 10 0 1 C-I1129 S 102

A E
0 219 - 6

1 S l id e S c r eW' 21 9 -1002 C-111 29 A-~ - S 219-12

1 Dia l BuPh . 219 - 100 3 C- 11 1 29 A- I-s 219 - 100

1 Dial llut 219 -1004 C-11129 A-I-S 219 - 10 0

1 Handl e 219 - 10 11 E- 182'0 ' ~~il r ~~:n~i gg ~lna t l 21 9 -100"

1 s to p Sc r ew (S ho r t ) 2 19 - 10 12 E- 51950 A- I -S 21 9- 6

1 S to p So re w ( Long ) 2 19 - 10 1~ E-51 95 1 A-l- s 21 9-6

2 19 - 1015 E-51 9 52 #5 219 -5

1 Bin de r Sh o e Bross
1 Han d te So r ew 2 19 - 1018 E- 52 3 22 X~ I~ 15 21 9 - 10 1
1 Blndor Se re" 219- 1017 E- 53 92 7 A-I-s 219-5

1 Di al 2 19 - 10 18 E -~ 9 4 61 A- I - S 219 - 100 !

2 Gl b S cr ew 219 - 10 19 E -:'i2 7 77 A-I-S f. 20 1 219 - 5

1 Bi nder So rew 28 0- 101 0 IE- 24 9 62 A- I - s el9-10 1E

2 Too l Cl a mp So rews ti8B3 - F- I OO2. E- 19110 D-2- S 2 19 -6

~ ~
2 19 - 6
1 Fi ll Hd cap ~c r I -A A,- l -S
I 11 219 - 9
Key
110 .4 0 4 219 -100 2
1 Woodrur f

Exercise 12.59 Part (b) Slide tool parts list.

484 CHAPTER 12 WORKIN G DRAWING S

---- - - - - - ---~ ~ - - ~

I - 8 0D'I' -21 9 -1 2
.11 -3 STL DROP FOR GING
~--- 3.063 -
~
- --1
L S TA R TING DIM ENSIO N

GAGE _ ~~;B
1- - - 2.968 2.719 ~
1 :7 \\ ~ 3.094I DRILL JIG - ~~g6B
] ,

1I ,.--- --L.---v-r--r---""V_
~_
25 I

"j ~- ---------------'1::1-------- ~f~ -'J

~1-7 . 7~ tev p~ ~
F O RGI NG DETA IL NQ219 - 12
Ii A-3 STEEL
I ~!UL., 1--.5 4 I . R.J87
, I 2.4J 7-:-~=-.P4 4-

I- - - - - - - S.75- - t - - -- - - -------j
F ILL ETS & ROUNDS R ,IZ 5 UN L ESS r=P

OT,-; RWISE S P E CI FIED ~~ ~

- H--

~\ R2 5

r" ii
- - --
'- I
}Q
-o

<::. T
R.187J
/'

, - - - 2.25-

l~_ 35CHAMFCR TO
BOTTOM OF THREA D

N EC K f:"~ GRINDJNG - ,06 3 wX .OIS6 DEEP ./

/ - _~LlQ SCREW Zl9 - /0 0 Z 1- D IAL B US H. 21 9 -1 003
A-,3-srI:EL - ; " B AR "~:Jl.!$ STEEL - I ' B AR

Exercise 12.59 Part (c) For the slide tool, see Exercise 12.65 part (a) for instructions .
 EXERCISE S 485

~ ~g
~" ,
25 -;?oUNC - 2 A

.. - 0

k
.35 -#5 "

-- -- - - - T -- - - - - ~L~ ~.
C NAMF" ' ~ "TO
B O T T OM O F" rf~RC A O

r-....:.....-----,--.-'---....---'---I.:;.--"I FILLETS J: ROUNDS GI 8 SCR E W 2 19 - 10 19

RJ25UNL ESS .5 "" & " 9 / 5 ., r F IU . ( COL !.2 ~!NIS-OJ-= . 5 _~
OTHERWiSE ...I.B~T P 5~Z_
SPECIFIED

R.06J
r- - -~
I I'

I- BINDER SHOE 2 19 -1015

N O . is tJRA ,s .s . 266 _~

I
i
---- - - -- -- -- - - ---- --- _.../
F ORGING DE TAIL NO. 219-6

A -3 STEEL

~ 2.J25 I
.51
-~ r 8 75
T
'

, r, 2

8 75 -
< ",.
cor
'" 750.. ooo

/
-e .4J 7- 14 UNC -2 B

1- o rAL NU T Zig - 100;/

. , 1 I .5 A .r - ! J I5 5 r eE L- c ol 0 F INISHER.
. 78/ H E K [J AR
TR fA I - P 5 .' iZ

alUL L J IG

DOII TAIL GAGE ~

03004

U S E GAG E W I TH
MAS re (j IB ~O:o-:-

- 2 .>'0 .201 , .25 -20UN C-28

u(iJ.Si5
1-5U DE -RI 9 -G
A <~ -5 7 f F I OROP FOR GIN G
5 -10 ACM E-L II

I -HA N D LE SCR E W - 2 19-I OI6

5 ,ol E ..-.r - ' 3 15 ,sTe E l. - Co :- o rtN ISt' D - J88~
rR~/i ~ ,~s.:: z

Exercise 12.59 Part (d ) For the slide tool, see Exercise 12.65 part (a) for instructions.
486 CH AP TER 12 W O RKING D RAWINGS

~~
COUNTC....l1o-lA/(i ,,'//4 "-........ N O TE - ON P L;lNE
g
t'7'~H
("OUN T~RlJ()P~f3_ ~ A - A - T H I': TAPER NECK .04 6 DEEP

~
!..-f-----::;; 4.18 7 ~ t- 1,_~._;5I-~.U
"r~-:-."r~~'~I' o
45~
~.

-$>
C UT OFF 15 LOIV(5ER TH A N - 'f
~
'S' , DI4IGNS!ON GNN ,TO A l.. L O W
~Ol? F"ITT ING
'
,k f , ~ .4J 7 -I4UNC-2A
B---rA
4o

II C
~~ . 062~ r-:'- - -- -- -- _-:,<,
U-D~
S-", -.- - - - _- _
- - _- -;1
1 A ~ ~\
-~~ o'\\ , I ~ , ~.125 .OI5X4S CHAM

. ~ ~
r~
;-----l625
L e -- N OT -o;vPlAIV

'1 - V IE W IN DIRECTION OF A R R OW X g;.~ /~T7J .;::ER 2 - TOOL CL AMfl 5 CRE W - 68 :J I" - I OOJ'
P ER F T

I - G 18 Z If} - 1001
SAE IOZO .s TE~ L-. 3 7S ~

TO F"HNIS~ W I TH J 75 R()(,INO HOLE

A ~O WE TO 8R0/4CH our
----;;OL ~ ro J~ ~QUAR

I - BINDE R SCRE W- clg- IOIT

.3 A " - 13 ' 5 .$TL-COLD FfN JSHCD-.687 BA R
TREA T PS~ Z
I- COM P OUN D REST HA N DL E
2 19 - lOll

3.5 ;; :
CHAMFR 70
.!JO T T OM 0," THR E A D

I-STOP SCReW - /!I !J - l oa 1- BlNOC:R S CRe w - Z80 - 10 10

Y ...}f ,/." J :iTEEL COI.O FIIV'-'Ift!O - .625 ~ S AE: )( /.115' S T L - C OLO F IN IS II O - .4J l lJAR
'r 1i",r - p.55Z r /i A T P 55Z -

SL OT .0 8 0 WIDE x J09DEEP

R OJ / Ir--. I ~ \\
. '/ i ~I ' 3.68 75 - - - - CHAM TO IOO O/VI.5JCA/J
IrlrAO~ TQ .QOJ
L MEDIUM \ BQT TOMoF THR40 04'7 A P ART
KNURL \... N E C K
.0 78 W I De A'.0 3lrJCP FA 0

'-STOP SCR EW -219-10/2 /= 0 1" 4 Z 12 _ 10 18

S A C )1'- 1315 5TE EL- COLD FlAt, s H eD - .625 p~
TR E AT - PS5 Z .d....~1. 5 JAR

Ex erci se 12.59 Part (e) For the slide tool. see Exercise 12.65 part (a) for instruction s.
 EX ERe I 5 E 5 487

~OCK SIZ E .4 3 7 -'y- R .0 6 2

rr=1'
---~v-'l
z--;

I I /
.06Z >4 S CH A M ...! "'30'

t/Q\ C LAM P PLUG

~312 BRA SS ROO- 2 RE.OD

.I25 DRIL L WIT H

P C ~8 IN ASSY

R~gD S TA NDA RD PA RT S

4 ~375 -l 6U NC - 2 A x 1.5 HE X SOCK ET CU P PT SET SCR THIC KN ESS OF LINE A P P ROX .06 ~

09 3 _/...2 5
2 -.375-16U NC- ZA x .562H EX SO CK ET FLA. PT S ET SCR ONE REQD-ALUMINUM . I_J >b~Kj9r

8 - .25- 20 UNC- 2A x .625 FI L LI ST ER HD CA P SCR P UR CH ASE - I~-+-L

/z - Qj.l2 5 x.75uRl lL ROD 8 DOu BL E S IZ E

Z -~4. (. /IZ J - 4 0 UNC-2A x.25ROUN D H D MACH SCR ' ZO ( 0 3'Z) B ol. S GAUGE7
4 -(:1.12 5x.l8 7 DR ILL ROD
\d--;;,...""""",
~ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,.,,,,,,,,""''
., ,,, , o 'o --,0""""'' ' t-w-a.....,''''
.., ''.6"'"''''''~oo
o ''' '''' ~1 -is
I
1 f.---- ~ .504 - - - - - - - - ....1 It
(Hole s same os on
I
opp osite ""' >:
FI L~ETS AN D '\
ROUN DS R.l25

~z& 6Z' '''- ...-:s-t

~
. ,~
~.;'f, ,- ~
, ~ ~
.0 31' 45 ' ()
CH AMF E

.125 DRILL .062 DEEP

25-20UNC - ZB.62SDEEP W ITH PC # 7 IN .'\SSY

- 4 X* 3i (.12 0) - .1 25 RE.DRILL .562

.312 C R S
EC~E.NTR IC
11 12 -4 REQD
IN A S S EM BLY W IT H CYANIDE HARDEN
PL-'\TE S FOR J25 DOWEL PINS

Exercise 12.60 Part (a) For the "any angle" tool vise, draw the followin g. ( I) Draw detail s using decimal inch dimensions or
redesign with metric dimension s, if assigned . (2) Draw assembly. See part (b) on the follow ing page .
488 CHAPTER 12 WORKING DR A W IN G S

.063
~ Th ;S sur/ace f"lo t;
T=~
.J ~ _
ot h erwise p o rts 5
and 6 o re id entical

SECTION A -A

3x(Ill 20
0 .125
(D imf?nsi :>ns OS
R EDR IL L
shown on PC. "'5
of !'r t)

LO W ER PLAT E
CRS - 2 REQD

CYAN ID E H A R DE N - PO LI SH & B UFF A L L O V ER

REFE REN CE LINEJ

3 REOD
'\ ' - - 2X.3 75 - 16 UNC- 2 B
. :/ I 1.562
I~"
15 EQUA L OIVISIO. 5 . / "" -4Cf ~ " \ - 2 , '" 3 13 ' _ 1 6875

CALI BRATE IN ASSY 1" .3 12' .

U P P ER CO MPOU NQ.M.E.M BER

C R S -I R EQD - C HROME PLATE

r Hole s sa me as on
/ oppos/te sid t:>
/

L 2)(;1 0 8 9- 1.4 37
"4-40UNC-2B .L312
ASS E.MBLY WI TH DC "9

f4\ COMPOU ND TOOL HOLDE.R

V C R S - I REOO - CH ROM E PL AT E.

Exercise 12.60 Pari (b) For the "an y angle" tool vise, see Exercise 12.66 part (a) for
instructions.
 .375 - 16 U NC- 2 B ' -2 HOL E.S
LOCATE FROM @- - ,
@SLlD E
"RR " STE EL-STK 1250 x 1.750
W T 4.25 ti- HEAT TREAT "0 "
I REQD

.0
62 0 STUD
" A AA " ST EEL

STK .625 DIA - W T 0.22*

HEAT TREAT 'B '

1 REQD

5 -12U NC-2A

- - 0 .125 IN PLACE WITH

FOR @ .I2;'X I PIN

SLOT .IS6 DEEP

o SLE EVE
'AAA' STEEL- 5TK :l2.5 ROUND NU T
WT 2.9 6" H EAT TREAT ' S" "AM' STEE L-STOCK 03.5
1 REQD
W T 1.7ti- HEAT TRE.AT "s'
, REa D

Exercise 12.61 Part (a) For the fixture for centering connecting rod. draw the following. Consult Parts (b) and (c) on the follow ing pages to:
(I ) Draw detail s using decimal inch dimen sion s or redesign with metric dimensions, if assigned . (2) Draw assembl y. See parts (b) and (c) on
m
the following pages. X
m
;;0

n
V>
m
V>

~
\0
 J:
-o
0

n
::I:

v
-l
m

'".....
~ IV
. .D3I' '-5' CHAr"I,E" ",-f',.
(i?) RE ST BUTTON
' R~EEl-ST K l25DIA U" <,
~
HEAT TREAT"Q' -I RlO D ~ p 0

't
i !l25 WT .75 " "1 ;0
A
"
T l- - - - __ J _ Z
o
I 0
'"

~l
;0

s-
'"
r
<D Z
.031. 45
CHA M FER
o
I Vl
BOTH SlDE.S t.::\
~ ROUND NUT 7s1
I
PAll 19-Z-13)-'AAA'STEEL I

HEAT TREAT'B ' -I REOD

~
r, ~
1'-- 22 5 ; - - -- - 6.625

* ,
R62 5 Q - 4. 5 : 24 .875
~- ~-. ~ PLUNGE.R FILLnS & ROUNDS RJ1S UNLESS 01HERWISESPECIFIED-DRAFT ANGLES 7
!J. ~ --r--'
.!
.312
'IS
-.

"'!
-.937
M,\CHINE STEp.- STK
~ lC..j ] 1 .625 OIA -W T 0 .14
TR-Ar 'O ' -IREOD
r,
Q
- HEAT 'V
l OCATER

' RR' STEEl - STK 1'2

WT 4.1"- HEAT TREAT ' Q'
I REQD
LOCATE FROM@-.

~I
\
= /
,I
.
I .
m
.2S-20 UNC-2 B. 2 HOLES ,- 01.0625 -1.0630

7T
-- 2.625- -"

r ---~!xi' r:)
11.875

~t ,L_
1 .250 -1.2~1 -\
IL
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Exercise 12 ,61 Par t (b) For the fixture for ce ntering co nnect ing rod, see Exe rcise 12.67 part (a) for instructions.
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Exercise 12.61 Part (C) For the fixture for centering connecting rod, see Exercise 12.67 part (a) for instructions.

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CHAPTER 12 WORK ING DRAWINGS

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Exercise 12.62 For the plastic open slot wiri ng duct. fron t and side view s, draw the
following . Redraw with metric dimensions red ucin g the size by 3.