Roles played by THAT

1. Essential modifier: emphasizing something in the sentence that is

absolutely necessary to convey the authors intent and overall meaning.
2. Pronoun: taking the place of the subject of the sentence which is usually
a noun
Roles played by WHICH:
1. Non-essential modifier: emphasizing something in the sentence that is
additional information, without which the sentence is still able to convey the
authors intent and overall meaning.
2. Pronoun: usually proceeded by comma and in most cases refers to the
closest noun