CE00313-Ubiquitous Computing Group Assignment

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Ubiquitous Computing
CE00313-3

THE SMART BAND

HAND IN DATE:-9th Nov 2015

HAND OUT DATE:-17th Aug 2015

Group
Assignment

Submitted By:
Submitted To:
Rahul sharma (PT1282203) (GL) Module lecturer

Rahul kumar (PT1282215) Rajbeer kaur

Rishikesh kumar (PT1282234)

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Acknowledgement
With due respect, we would like to thank all those who were involved in helping us out in our
group as well as individual assignment. We are really thankful to Mrs.Rajbeer kaur who
taught us this module very well, and monitored us in our each work as well as give his
valuable comment so that we never face any problem while doing our assignment. This
project holds a high position in our career. While working on this project our goal was to give
an outstanding and appreciation performance. Our determination, knowledge and
perseverance have helped to put the best in this project. We learned how to work in
collaboration and with coordination.

We are also grateful to our college facility for providing us all basic resources to work upon
and help us to complete our project in time. And we are also highly thankful for the library
facilities provided in the college premises.

Group Members:

Rahul Kumar (PT1282215) (GL)

Rahul sharma (PT1282203)

Rishikesh kumar (PT1282234)

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Contents
.............................................................................................................................. 1

Acknowledgement....................................................................................................... 2

Group Component....................................................................................................... 4

A. Problem Context and How UC fits in the Scenario........................................4

B. Importance of Research Topic.......................................................................4

C. Research Paper Findings............................................................................... 5

D. Design for Proposed System.........................................................................7

E. Slides and screen shots of prototype or simulation showing the concept

and execution of the proposed idea.................................................................15

Prototype description.................................................................................... 15

Sequence diagram of Smart band.................................................................15

Class diagram...................................................................................................... 16

Result and conclusion.......................................................................................... 18

References........................................................................................................... 21

Group Component

A. Problem Context and How UC fits in the Scenario

With the evolution of computer technology, one can see a clear trend towards greater mobility
and integration of computing resources within our everyday life. Advancement in technology
has made it possible to embed a powerful processor and memory system combined with an
ultra-high resolution display, light sensor into a wristwatch. Back at old days, we just had a
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bunch of computers around, objects like mobile devices that were well suited to specific tasks
but the effort to retrieve the device from ones pocket or bag creates a real barrier to use.
There is a continuous evaluation of computing devices from mainframes to desktop, from
desktop, from desktop to laptop, and from laptop to PDA and now PDA to smart bands which
is a wearable computing device. Primarily reason behind the invention of smart band from
PDA was the time and effort needed to retrieve, interact with the devices. For example, while
walking to train station researcher may be curious to consult the schedule for the day, but
researcher may be tempted to wait and check it later on rather that go to the trouble of
interrupting walk, finding PDA and activating the calendar.

These barriers are of particular significance in a type of computing behaviour i.e. context
awareness which require the device to be always on the hand because it can enhance and
extend the behaviour of devices software through a better understanding of devices context
of use. So if the device spends the majority of its time in the users pocket then such new
opportunity will go unnoticed.

The smart band overcomes these problems. It is constantly available to its wearer whenever
and wherever they may be. This wearable computer in the form of wrist worn device, which
we call smart bands, is the next step in the evaluation of mobile devices.

Other problem related to traditional computing devices was security but this smart band has
advanced security features such as biometric authentication process through fingerprints.

B. Importance of Research Topic

The Smart Band is a life-logging accessory with motion tracking, vibration notifications and
music remote. It's waterproof so you can wear it all day, every day and it's designed to not
only relay all of the notifications coming in through your smart phone, but it will keep track
of special moments, personal achievements and more. It's really up to you. Track what you
want to track and log what you want to log. The possibilities are countless.

Wearable technology implies the use of items that are worn by individuals rather than digital
accessories that are simply attached to an individual s body. Such technology enables a
person to access digital machines located nearby. Presently, wearable technology is receiving
significant attention worldwide and is regarded as mobile technology that could replace

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Smartphones in the future. People have become aware of wearable technology;

consequently, smart device developers have begun releasing various wearable devices.

The applications for wearable devices are currently concentrated in the healthcare field. The
benefits of a device on the body that can be freely attached and detached have spurred an
interest in human health. The wearable device collects the movement information of the user
to provide services. Furthermore, by integrating additional devices (i.e., cell phones, TVs, or
tablets) with the smart device, it is possible to expand the range of services.

Given this trend, we have developed user motion-aware smart bands that use these recently-
developed wearable device technologies. The goal of our proposed device is to recognize
human motion with a wearable device similar to a wristwatch; we also propose different
applications that can be installed on smart TVs or Smartphones so that users can transfer
their recorded motion data. We aim to build an effective user-motion recognizing system by
integrating different devices with wearable devices.

C. Research Paper Findings

Recommended Prototype

At present time, although the mobile devices are well suited to specific tasks performed at
odd occasions but the effort to retrieve the device from ones pocket or bag creates a real
barrier-to-use. Advances in technology have made it possible to package a reasonably
powerful processor and memory subsystem coupled with a liquid crystal display into a wrist
watch.

Currently watch was simple and used only for timing purpose but when it gets combined with
ubiquitous computing it becomes smart agent by using capacitive touch screen technology,
ALS Light sensors, alert sound etc. Researchers have developed this prototype which is based
on wearable computing platform in a wrist watch formfactor that carries an advantage of
always being with you.

Functionalities provided in smart band

The Smart Watch will provide the facilities of Bluetooth connectivity, Network access, GPS
Locator, Music player, Low battery consumption using Light sensor, Finger Print Scanner,

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To-Do list, Instant Messaging and various other features. This makes it different from other
devices.

The Smart band app is built on the android platform which acts as a tool to receive and
respond to commands given by the band. The means of connectivity between band and app is
through Bluetooth. On opening the app we provide the option for saving the contact details
like emergency call option, emergency message option, here the number to which the user
would like to contact has to be saved and it will be saved in SD card and wont change until
user manually changes it. The band has push button where on clicking emergency call option
a value no 1 will be sent through Bluetooth of band and the number stored in emergency
block will be fetched and call will be made. When emergency message option is clicked no 2
will be sent through Bluetooth of band and on receiving the data, the phone will fetch GPS
values and that will be concatenated to a string and that string will be sent to numbers stored
in emergency message block list.

Fig 1.Screenshots of the Smart band android app.

When heart rate button is pressed, the processor fetches the previous 10 values and transmits
the data. The data will be in bytes and 10 values will be concatenated, hence they need to be
separated which is done by the app. The separated values will be displayed as shown in Fig 1.
A set of heart rate values of different people were taken with the prototype smart band and the
standard device.It represents the table of heart beat rating of a person at various stressed

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condition and normal condition using pulse sensor.Standard mean table of heart rate reading
of different people. A graphical representation of the value obtained from the table
represented in is illustrated in which shows a comparative study of the heart rates of the
subjects collected from the designed prototype and that of the standard device under the
relaxed and stressed conditions.Graphical representation of heart rate at stressed and normal
conditions of different person. Percentage error (E1) between mean heart rates in normal
condition obtained from the designed prototype and the standard heart rate monitor
respectively is given by, E1 = [(70.5 -69) x 100]/69 = 2.17 % Percentage error (E2) between
mean heart rates in stressed condition obtained from the designed prototype and the standard
heart rate monitor respectively is given by, E2 = [(111.4 -107) x 100]/111.4 = 4.11% The
processor has a threshold value stored in and it notifies the app when it is about to cross the
limit. The processor stores the value of the threshold number of the heart rate which is
referred from the table.The built in prototype has button on a button click it makes an
emergency call and on clicking emergency text message button it sends text messages to 4
people. The prototype model is successfully built.

D. Design for Proposed System

One of the main applications for the Keep Safe use wristband device for daily use that
continuously monitors the heart rate and alerts a caregiver in case of an emergency.

We were approached with a prototype PCB and general components and started work on
different approaches. The PCB and battery size would have to be reduced, so the first
proposals tried to reflect the possibilities of that miniaturization by presenting a solution for
the current available circuit-board and several iterations that would further reduce its size.
The proposed method of operation tried to simplify the use of the smart band as much as
possible since it will mainly be used by seniors: it relies on a single, large button and 3 LED
lights for visual feedback. One tap enables a visual representation of the current heart rate
whilst a long press will sequentially turn on the LED lights until all 3 are lit and an
emergency alert is placed.

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Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3
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In an effort to reduce visual clutter and facilitate operation, the final design proposal turns
the whole face of the device into a button and the LED lights are hidden beneath a layer of
translucent material.

The idea of Smart band as a user interface is to put controls for common, simple tasks where
they are always within easy reach. Smart band positioning also allows it to exploit intuitive
arm gestures to form an easy-to use human interface. Smart Band explores multiple input
modalities for control. Buttons form a very simple kind of user interface that users are already
accustomed to on watches. With location sensing, the buttons can be made context-sensitive,
such as a lightswitch that changes what it controls based on the users proximity. However,
overloading buttons with too many functions, or having too many buttons, can quickly make
a user interface confusing. To allow the user to select and control many devices in the
environment, Smart Band implements a pointing-based interface. Measuring the users
location and the orientation of his or her wrist enables Smart Band to identify which
controllable object in the environment the user is pointing toward. As other researchers have
noted, pointing is a natural gesture for people to identify objects at a distance. Once the user
has selected an object to control, Smart Band can use its inertial sensors toidentify gestures as
commands.

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The Smart Band prototype device

Smart band Design

While many wearable sensor platforms have been designed,they are rarely in a
form that people would be willing to wearoutside of the context of a research
study. Many wearablesensor nodes take the form of badges, which may work
incorporate environments where employees are already requiredto wear badges.
However, in a more casual environment likethe Media Lab or a home, nobody
wants to wear a badge ona regular basis. The wristband is an attempt to put a
wearablesensor node into a form that people might be willing to wearregularly,
similar to how people wear watches or jewellery ontheir wrists. We elected to use
a neutral wristband design ratherthan trying to design a new watch, as people
are often attachedto their particular watch and are hesitant to replace it. TheSmart band
allows the sensing to be added alongside an existingwatch.

The prototype Smart Band is designed to separate into twohalves (fig. 2), one containing the
sensors and electronics and the other containing the battery.

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Fig. 2. The Smart Band separated into its two halves. The electronics are inthe top half (left), and
the battery in the bottom (right).

The two halves are held together by magnets, which also serve as the electrical contacts for
connecting the battery to the electronics. The separabilityof the two halves allows the device
to be easily placed around the wrist, and allows the battery to be removed and placed on a
base for recharging. The enclosure is made from 3D-printed plastic and is shaped and sized to
balance a reasonably small and unobtrusive form with easy assembly and serviceability of the
electronics inside. The ideal wristband device would be smaller and more flexible; however,
further miniaturization and flexibility introduce design challenges that, while not complex,
are not the focus of this work in its current state. The 3D CAD model of the Smart Band
enclosure is parametrically driven by a small number of wrist measurements. This allows a
custom enclosure to be printed for each persons wrist, providing a comfortable, but snug fit
so that the Smart Band cannot freely rotate on the wrist, which would add uncertaintyto the
measured wrist orientation.

B. Network and Backend

The Smart Band wristbands communicate with a server computer through an 802.15.4
wireless network implemented on Atmels AT86RF231 radio. The base stations are custom
boards with USB connectors. When connected to a computer, they communicate over USB to
the Smart Band server software. They can also be plugged in to a power source only (such as
a USB cell phone charger) to act as repeaters that forward packets back to the server. The
base stations also collect signal strength information for beacon packets and send the data
back to the server, which could be used as a coarse localization estimate in absence of the
UWB system. The Smart Band server software is a collection of programs implemented in

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the Willow Garage ROS [12] pub/sub framework. This allows for rapid prototyping of new
applications, as all of the data is readily accessible by any program in the system. Data from
the sensors are also stored in a MySQL database where they can be accessed by other
programs. The server is also responsible for bridging between the Smart Band and the
systems it controls, such as the Lutron lighting system installed in our lab.

D. Inertial/Orientation Sensing

The Smart Band senses its motion and orientation through four 3-axis sensors. High-
resolution, high-bandwidth acceleration and angular rates are sensed by an Invensense MPU-
6150 part. A Honeywell HMC5883L magnetometer measures the magnetic field as a heading
reference. These sensors are usedwhen the user is actively interacting with the Smart Band.
They are configured to operate at 20 Hz, feeding real-time inertial and magnetic
measurements back to the server via the wireless network. The server uses the orientation
filter described in to estimate the orientation of the Smart Band. The sensor board also
includes an Analog Devices ADXL346, which is a low-power accelerometer, efficient enough
to remain continuously powered for low-bandwidth acceleration sensing. This part is
configured with a sample rate of 12 Hz and has an internal FIFO, so it can accumulate a
buffer of samples before waking the main CPU. The low power accelerometer is used to
estimate the users amount of physical activity, and to detect when the user might be trying to
initiate a gesture (which indicates that it should switch on the higher-power inertial sensors).
The most significant challenge of indoor orientation sensing is determining the devices
heading. The earths magnetic field as sensed by a 3-axis magnetometer is used as a reference
to keep the orientation estimate from drifting, but the magnetic field cannot be assumed to
point north inside a building. Metal construction materials and equipment significantly distort
the magnetic field. Metal objects, such as furniture, also distort the magnetic field, but at
much shorter ranges. Below shows a 2-dimensional slice of the magnetic field in the lab
space where the Smart Band was tested. There are significant variations in the direction and
magnitude of the field across a relatively small space.

E. Environmental Sensing

In addition to sensing the wearers movements to create a control interface, Smart Band also
monitors the wearers environment. The sensors on the prototype sensor board are chosen for
applications in lighting and HVAC control. Two light sensors measure the lighting conditions
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at the users wrist. One is a color light sensor (Avago) but operates at a low sample rate. The
other is a monochrome visible light sensor (ISL29003) with much higher bandwidth, which
enables the Smart Band to demodulate information encoded b flashing solid-state light
sources fast enough to be invisible. Temperature and humidity are sensed by a Sensirion
SHT25 sensor.

Fig. 3. The Smart Band, open, with the sensor board removed. The sensorboard plugs in to the
rectangular connector on the mainboard in the band.

Fig. 4. The Smart Band battery on its charging base. The 110 mAh batterycharges in an hour and
lasts for over a week of normal use.

F. Power

The Smart Band is powered from a 110 mAh battery in the bottom half of the band. To
manage power consumption, the Smart Band defines three modes of operation, each using

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more power than the previous while providing additional functionality. The Smart Band
moves between these different modes as necessary for the applications currently running.

Sleep mode is automatically entered when the Smart Band loses contact with its network. In
this mode, the sensors are completely powered down. The CPU and radio periodically wake
up and attempt to reassociate with the network. If reassociationis successful, then the Smart
Band transitions to sensing mode. The time between reassociation attempts is dynamically
scaled such that the Smart Band tries to reassociate frequently immediately after losing the
network connection, but scales back to attempting every few minutes if multiple attempts fail.
In sleep mode, the measured average current draw is approximately 131 A. The quiescent
current draw is roughly 120 A, with an additional 11 A (average) consumed by radio
communication for reassociation attempts. The Smart Band can operate in sleep mode for
approximately 35 days on a single charge. In quiescent sensing mode, the environmental
sensors are powered on every ten seconds and sampled. The resulting data are transmitted in
a single packet via the wireless interface. In sensing mode, the low-power accelerometer is
also enabled at a sample rate of 12.5 Hz, with the CPU waking up every second to read the
accelerometers FIFO. The integrated and average acceleration are transmitted and reset
every ten seconds with the rest of the sensor data. This mode provides the sensor data
necessary for applications such as personalized automatic HVAC and comfort control. In
sensing mode, the measured current draw averages 260A. The Smart Band can operate in
quiescent sensing mode for over two weeks on a single charge. In interaction mode, the full
IMU, including the 16-bit accelerometer, the gyroscopes, and the magnetometer, is powered
on and sampled at 20 Hz. Packets are transmitted back via the wireless network at 10Hz. This
mode consumes the most power (14.3 mA) so it is only entered when the user is actively
pointing or gesturing. The Smart band can operate continuously for over 7 hours in
interaction mode.

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E. Slides and screen shots of prototype or simulation

showing the concept and execution of the proposed
idea.
Prototype description

The Smart Band system consists of two parts: the Band and the supporting infrastructure. The
Smart band contains the sensors, microprocessor and battery. The electronics are split across
three PCBs, both for expandability and to make the best use of the space inside the band. The
main board contains the main CPU (ATxmega32A4), the buttons, and a secondary
microcontroller (ATtiny40) that controls LEDs and has a capacitive touch peripheral. Another
PCB contains the radio and antenna, and the final PCB, designed to be easily replaceable,
contains the full sensor set. The supporting infrastructure is comprised by the wireless
network base stations, the server software, the systems that Smart Band controls (such as the
lighting system) and the indoor localization system.

Sequence diagram of Smart band

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Class diagram
Presented by: - RAHUL SHARMA (Pt1202203)

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Presented by: - RAHUL KUMAR(PT1282215)

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Presented by: - RISHIKESH KUMAR (PT1282234)

Result and conclusion

In this paper, we described the development of an application that integrates smart TVs and
smart phones with wearable devices. In addition, the paper proposed the implementation of a
gyro sensor to be used in wearable devices in order to recognize user motion. The user can

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then save their motion information using a smart TV or smart phone for further analysis. Five
movements could be measured, depending on user selection. The gyro-sensor built into the
smart band calculated the repetitions of an exercise. Results of the experiment show that there
was a small error rate, but the recorded movements of the user were broadly correct.
Research to reduce the error rate must be carried out. The smart band is equipped with a
built-in Wi-Fi module such that data communication is possible and the exercise history of
the user may be stored for further analysis. The user is able to wear the smart band and
practice in any location as well as see a record of the movement on a smart TV or smart
phone.

Wearable devices are the next generation technology that could replace smart phones and
peripheral devices, and a diversity of applications that can utilize such devices has been
studied.

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