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Hóa Đ I Cương
Hóa Đ I Cương
Cu1
Nguyn t hydro trng thi kch thch c bn knh nguyn t bng 2,12 .
Hi din t ca nguyn t Hydro b kch thch ang chuyn ng trn qu
o no.
A. K B. L C. M D. N
Cu 2
trng thi c ban ca nguyn t hydro ngi ta tnh c vn tc ca
electron vo khoang 108 cm/s. Trong mt giy electron chuyn ng c
bao nhiu vng xung quanh nhn.
A. 3,002916432x1015 vng B. 3,002916432x1012 vng
C. 3,00444x1015 vng D. 3,002916432 vng
Cu 3
Khi giai phng trnh sng Schrodinger ngi ta thu c cc hm sng .
Mi hm sng thu c nh vy ng vi my vn o nguyn t ?
A/ mt B/ ba C/ nm D/ bay.
Cu 4
i vi cc nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh, trong bang h thng tun
hon, tnh cht ca chng bin i:
A. T trn xung di trong mt phn nhm, tnh kim loi tng dn.
B. T trn xung di trong mt phn nhm tnh kim loi giam dn.
C. T tri sang phai tnh kim loi tng dn.
D. T tri sang phai tnh kh tng dn.
Cu 5
C mt b bn s lng t thch hp cho nguyn t A nh sau:
A . n=3 , l= 0 , m=1 , ms = + 1/2 B. n=3 , l= 0 , m= 0 , ms = + 1/2
C. A . n=3 , l= 3 , m=1 , m s = + 1/2 D. A . n=3 , l= 0 , m=2 , m s = +
1/2
Cu 6
Khi to thnh phn t NH3 nguyn t N c kiu lai ha:
A . sp B. sp2 C . sp3 D. sp3d2
Cu 7
Khi to thnh phn t HNO3 nguyn t N c kiu lai ha:
A . sp B. sp2 C . sp3 D. sp3d2
Cu 8
Cu to v in tch ca ion cyanua c th m ta nh sau:
(+) (-) (-) (+) (-) (-)
A. CN A. CN B. CN D. CN
Cu 9
Cho phan ng : CaCO3(r) CaO(r) + CO2(k)
Cho bit:
CaCO3(r) CaO(r) CO2(k)
Nhit to thnh ( H ) -288,5 -151,9 -94,1
o
298o K ( S )
Kcal/mol
o
Entropi ( S 298 K ) Cal/moloK
o 22,2 9,5 51,1
Nhit cn thit phan ng ny bt u xay ra l:
A. 5000C B. 1000,40C C. 836,40C D. 1109,40C
Cu 10
Cho phan ng:
2CO (k) + 4H2 (k) H2O(l) + C2H5OH(l)
Cho bit:
H2 CO C2H5OH H2O
Nhit to thnh ( H 298 K ( S ) )
o
o -26,4 -66,4 -68,3
Kcal/mol
o
Entropi ( S 298 K ) Cal/moloK
o 31,2 9,5 38,4 16,7
Nhit cn thit phan ng ny bt u xay ra l:
A. 100oC B. 923,34 oC C. 650,34 oC D. 450,34 oC
Cu 11
Cho phan ng:
(NH 2)2CO (dd) + H2O (l) CO2 (dd) +
2NH3 (dd)
Bit: H 298 K ( S ) kcal/mol: -76,3
o
o -68,3 -98,7
-19,3
Hiu ng nhit ca phan ng iu kin chun l:
A. 7,3Kcal B. 7,3 Kcal C. 73 Kcal D. -37 Kcal
Cu 12
Hng s tc ca phan ng bc hai c n v:
A. (thi gian)-1 B. mol. lt-1.(thi gian)-1 ; C. lt2.mol-2.(thi gian)-1; D.
lit.mol-1(thi gian)-1
Cu 13
Cho Fe =56 , O=16 . ng lng gam ca Fe2O3 l:
A. 160/3 gam B. 80/3 gam C. 40/3 gam D. 60/3 gam
Cu 14
Trong mt phan ng:
Fe2+ Fe3+
Cho bit Fe= 56 , O= 16. ng lng gam ca FeO l:
A. 72 gam B. 36 gam C. 24 gam D. 12 gam
Cu 15
Khi lng mol ca phn t hemoglobin l 70000g/mol. Nu ha tan 40
gam hemoglobin vo nc thnh 1 lt dung dch 4 oC th p sut thm thu
ca dung dch to thnh l:
A. 0,026 at B. 0,013 at C. 0,15 at D. 0,2 at
Cu 16
Cho ZC = 6 ; ZO= 8. b i lin kt gia hai nguyn t C v O trong phn
t CO l:
A. 1 ; B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 17
Cho cc cht: CO2 ; H2O ; CCl4 ; SO2 . Cc cht c phn t phn cc:
A. CO2 ; H2O B. CO2 ; CCl4
C. H2O ; CCl4 D. H2O ; SO2
Cu 18
Cho EC=C = 142,5 Kcal/mol ; EC-C = 78,0 Kcal/mol ; EC-H = 99,0 Kcal/mol
EH-H= 104,2 Kcal/mol
Phan ng CH2=CH2 + H2 CH3-CH3 c hi u ng nhi t:
A. 293 Kcal B. -293 Kcal C. 2,93 Kcal D. -2,93 kcal
Cu 19
C m t cht A tham gia phan ng, phng trnh ng hoc c m ta:
ln[A] = -kt + ln[A0]
Vi [A]: l nng cht A thi im t v [A0] l nng cht A ban
u.
B c ca phan ng m A tham gia l:
A. B c 1 B. B c 2 C. B c 3 D. B c 0
Cu 20
C m t cht A tham gia phan ng, phng trnh ng hoc c m ta:
[A] = -kt + [A0]
Vi [A]: l nng cht A thi im t v [A0] l nng cht A ban
u.
B c ca phan ng m A tham gia l:
A. B c 1 B. B c 2 C. B c 3 D. B c 0
Cu 21
C m t cht A tham gia phan ng, phng trnh ng hoc c m ta:
1 1
kt
[ A] [ A0 ]
Vi [A]: l nng cht A thi im t v [A0] l nng cht A ban
u.
B c ca phan ng m A tham gia l:
A. B c 1 B. B c 2 C. B c 3 D. B c 0
Cu 22
C m t cht A tham gia phan ng, phng trnh ng hoc c m ta:
1 1
2
kt
[ A] [ A0 ] 2
Vi [A]: l nng cht A thi im t v [A0] l nng cht A ban
u.
B c ca phan ng m A tham gia l:
A. B c 1 B. B c 2 C. B c 3 D. B c 0
Cu 23
Hng s tc ca phan ng bc m t c n v:
A. (thi gian)-1 B. mol. lt -1 (thi gian)-1 ; C. lt2.mol-2.(thi gian)-1; D.
lit.mol-1(thi gian)-1
Cu 24
Hng s tc ca phan ng bc ba c n v:
A. (thi gian)-1 B. mol. lt-1 .(thi gian)-1 ; C. lt2.mol-2.(thi gian)-1; D.
lit.mol-1(thi gian)-1
Cu 25
Hng s tc ca phan ng bc khng c n v:
A. (thi gian)-1 B. mol. lt-1 (thi gian)-1 ; C. lt2.mol-2.(thi gian)-1; D.
lit.mol-1(thi gian)-1
Cu 26
M t phan ng c hng s nhi t =3. Hi khi tng nhi t ln 40o th tc
ca phan ng tng ln bao nhiu ln.
A. 3 ln B. 12 ln C. 18 ln D. 81 ln
o
Cu 27 410 C hng s cn bng ca phan ng:
H2 + I2 2HI KC = 48
Hi khi tr n 1 mol H2 vi 1 mol I2 trong m t bnh c dung tch 1 lt th nng
ca H2 ti thi im cn bng l bao nhiu?
A. 0,776 mol/lt B. 0,224 mol/lt C. 0,5 mol/lt D. 1,552
mol/lit
Cu 28
M t phan ng c h s nhi t bng 2. 00C phan ng kt thc sau 1024
ngy. Hi 30oC phan ng kt thc sau bao lu?
A.1000 ngy B. 100 ngy C. 128 ngy 126 ngy
Cu 29
Phai ly bao nhiu gam glucoz ha tan trong 150 gam nc h nhi t
ng c ca dung dch thu c xung 0,75oC. Bit k ca nc bng
1,86
A. 5 gam B. 10 gam C. 15 gam D. 10,89 gam
Cu 30: C6H5NH2 c pKb = 9,42. Trong m t cc cha 100ml dung dch
C6H5NH2 0,01M. pH ca dung dch l.
A. 8,00 B. 8,5 C. 9 D. 8,29
Cu 31
Trong h thng tun hon cc nguyn t c sp xp vo bang theo nguyn
tc.
A) Th t tng dn in tch ht nhn t tri sang phai, t trn xung di
B) Th t tng dn khi lng nguyn t t tri sang phai, t trn xung
di
C) Th t tng dn s lp v nguyn t t tri sang phai, t trn xung di
D) Th t tng dn s khi ca cc nguyn t t tri sang phai, t trn
xung di
Cu 32.
"Nguyn t gm mt ht nhn nm trung tm v cc electron chuyn ng
xung quanh nh cc hnh tinh chuyn ng quanh mt tri."
Pht biu trn l ca ai ?
A) Rutherford (Ngi Anh - 1911)
B) Planck (ngi c -1900)
C) Bor (ngi an Mch -1913)
D) Heisenberg (ngi c - 1927)
Cu 33
"Trong nguyn t electron ch quay quanh trn nhng qu o xc nh goi l
cc qu o lng t. Qu o lng t phai tha mnhiu kin: mvr = n
Pht biu trn l ca ai ? 2
A) Rutherford (Ngi Anh - 1911)
B) Planck (ngi c -1900)
C) Bor (ngi an Mch -1913)
D) Heisenberg (ngi c-1927)
Cu 34
Cu hnh electron ca Zn (Z = 30) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 . Hy cho bit
chu k, phn nhm ca Zn trong h thng tun hon v cho bit Zn l kim
loi, phi kim hay kh him.
A) chu k 4 nhm IIA, kim loi
B) chu k 4 nhm IIB, kim loi
C) chu k 4 nhm IIA, phi kim
D) chu k 3 nhm IIB, kh him
Cu 35
Cu hnh electron ca P (Z = 15) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 . Cho bit hm sng
(n,l,m,ms) xc nh electron cui cng c trng cho nguyn t P l:
A) (3,1,-1,+1/2)
B) (3,2,+1,+1/2)
C) (3,0,0,+1/2)
D) (3,1,+1,+1/2)
Cu 36
Nguyn t (A) c electron cui cng xc nh bi bn s lng t: n=3 , l =2
, m = -2 , ms = -
Cho ZFe = 26 ZCo = 27 ZNi = 28 ZCu = 29
Nguyn t (A) l:
A. Fe B. Co C. Ni D. Cu
Cu 36
Hy sp xp cc nguyn t v ion sau: Na , Mg 2+ , Al3+ , Na+ theo chiu tng
dn bn knh.
A) Na<Mg2+<Al3+<Na+
B) Mg2+<Al3+<Na+ <Na
C) Na<Al3+<Mg2+<Na+
D) Al3+<Mg2+< Na+< Na
Cu 37
Th no l s lai ha sp2
A) mt hm sng ca orbitan s kt hp vi mt hm sng ca obitan p
thnh mt t hp tuyn tnh to ra hai obitan lai ha sp 2 hon ton
ging ht nhau c hai trc i xng trng nhau to vi nhau mt gc
180o
B) mt hm sng ca orbitan s kt hp vi hai hm sng ca obitan p
thnh mt t hp tuyn tnh to ra ba obitan lai ha sp 2 hon ton ging
ht nhau c ba trc i xng to vi nhau mt gc 120o
C) mt hm sng ca orbitan s kt hp vi ba hm sng ca obitan p
thnh mt t hp tuyn tnh to ra bn obitan lai ha sp 3 hon ton ging
ht nhau c bn trc i xng to vi nhau mt gc 109o28
D) mt hm sng ca orbitan s kt hp vi mt hm sng ca obitan p v
mt hm sng ca orbitan d thnh mt t hp tuyn tnh to ra ba obitan
lai ha sp2 hon ton ging ht nhau ba trc i xng to vi nhau mt
gc 120o
Cu 38
Hy cho bit trong phn t NH3 ln lt c bao nhiu lin kt sp3-s v sp2-
s c hnh thnh.
A) 2 , 1
B) 3 , 0
C) 1 , 2
D) 0 , 3
Cu 39
Hy cho bit khi nghin cu cu to phn t H 2O theo phng php VB ta
thy trn nguyn t oxy cn hai i electron ghp i, cha tham gia lin
kt. Vy hai i electron ny c sp xp .
A) hai orbitan 2p ca oxy
B) hai orbitan lai ha sp2 ca oxy
C) mt orbitan 2s v 1orbitan 2p ca oxy
D) hai orbitan lai ha sp3 ca oxy
Cu 40
Axit salisilic (axit ortohydroxi benzoic) (k hiu l X) c nhit si thp
hn axit para hydroxi benzoic (k hiu l Y) v :
A) (X) to c lin kt hydro lin phn t vi nc.
B) (X) to c lin kt hydro ni phn t lm thu gon phn t li.
C) (X) to c lin kt hydro ni phn t lm giam s H linh ng.
D) (X) to c lin kt hydro ni phn t lm giam s H linh ng to
c lin kt hydro lin phn t vi phn t nc.
Cu 41
Hy cho bit trong phn t CHCl 2CH=CH2 ln lt c bao nhiu lin kt
sp3-s v sp2-s c hnh thnh :
A) 2 , 1
B) 3, 1
C) 1 , 3
C) 2 , 3
Cu 42
Hy cho bit trong phn t CHCl 2CH=CH2 i t tri sang phai cc nguyn
t ccbon ln lt c trng thi lai ha l:
A) sp3, sp3 , sp3 B) sp2, sp2 , sp2 C) sp2, sp , sp3 D) sp3, sp2 , sp2
Cu 43
Mt phan ng c h s nhit bng 3. Hi cn thay i ( tng hay giam)
nhit phan ng bao nhiu C tc phan ng tng thm 729 ln.
A) tng 40oC
B) tng 50oC
C) tng 60oC
D) giam 50oC
Cu 44
Mt phan ng bc I c hng s tc 8.10 -3s-1. Hi sau thi gian (giy) bao
lu nng ban u ca phan ng giam i 8 ln.
A. 192,37 (s) B. 187,45 (s) C. 259,93 (s) D. 295,39 (s)
Cu 45
m in ca mt nguyn t l:
A) m in ca mt nguyn t l kha nng nhng electron ca
nguyn t .
B) m in ca mt nguyn t l kha nng nhn electron ca nguyn
t .
C) m in ca mt nguyn t l i lng cho bit kha nng nguyn
t ca mt nguyn t ht electron lin kt v pha n.
D) Ca A , B , C u ng.
Cu 46
Tnh nhit to thnh tiu chun (Kcal/mol) ca ru etylic t cc d kin sau
y:
C2H5OH(l) + 3O2 (k) 2CO2 (k) + 3H2O (l) H0 =-327 (Kcal)
Bit :
sinh nhit ca CO2 = - 94,5 Kcal/mol
sinh nhit ca H2O = - 68,3 Kcal/mol
A) 66,9 Kcal/mol
B) 164,25 Kcal/mol
C) 66,95 kcal/mol
D) 164,24 kcal/mol
Cu 47
Xc nh hiu ng nhit ca phan ng (Kj)
CH CH (k) + 2Cl2 (k) Cl2CH CHCl2
Bit nng lng ca cc lin kt nh sau:
Nng lng lin kt CC CC Cl - Cl C - Cl
Kj 347,3 823,1 242,3 345,2
A) 420,6 Kj B. 420,4 Kj C. -224,3 Kj D. 372,9 Kj
Cu 48
Xet phan ng: N2O4 2NO2
Tnh bin thin th ng nhit ng p (Cal) ca phan ng iu kin 0oC.
Vy 0oC phan ng xay ra theo chiu no?. Gia s bin thin enthapy v
entropy ca phan ng khng thay i theo nhit .
Bit:
Bin thin enthalpy ca phan ng iu kin chun: 13,87 Kcal
Bin thin entropy ca phan ng iu kin chun : 42,19 Cal/oK
A) 1161,29 Cal phan ng xay ra theo chiu to ra nhiu NO2
B) + 1161,29 Cal phan ng xay ra theo chiu to ra nhiu N2O4
C) 2352,13 Cal phan ng xay ra theo chiu to ra nhiu NO2
D) + 2352,13 Cal phan ng xay ra theo chiu to ra nhiu N2O4
Cu 49
Xt mt phan ng c hng s tc k = 5,7.10 -6 s-1. vy bc ca phan ng
trn l:
A) Bc 0 B. Bc 1 C. Bc 2 D. Bc 3
Cu 50
Phng trnh ng hoc xc nh hng s tc ca phan ng mt chiu l:
x [A0] : nng u ca cht A tham gia phan ng
k= [A] : nng ca A thi im cn bng
t x : nng cht A mt i
Cu 59
Trong cc dung dch sau y: Na2CO3 , NaCl , K2SO4 , CH3COONa ,
C6H5ONa, NH4Cl, C6H5ONH3Cl, AlCl3. Dung dch no c pH>7
A) NaCl , K2SO4
B) NH4Cl , C6H5ONH3Cl, AlCl3
C) K2SO4, CH3COONa, AlCl3
D) Na2CO3 , CH3COONa, C6H5ONa
Cu 60
Tnh tan (mol/lit) 25oC ca CaSO4 trong nc . Cho bit tich s tan ca
CaSO4 25oC l 9,1. 10-6.
A) 2,12.10-3 (mol/lt)
B) 3,6016. 10-3(mol/lt)
C) 3,66 . 10-3 (mol/lt)
D) 3,0166.10-3(mol/lt)
Cu 61: Nguyn t (A) c electron cui cng xc nh bi 4 s lng t:
n=3 , l=2 , m = -2 , ms = - . Vy nguyn t A l:
Cho ZCu= 29 ; ZZn= 30 ; ZFe= 26 ; ZAg= 47 .
A. Cu B. Zn C. Ag D. Fe
Cu 62: Xt cc nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh, trong bang h thng
tun hon, tnh cht kim loi v tnh kh ca chng bin i nh sau: (chon
cu ng)
A. Trong mt phn nhm chnh i t trn xung di, tnh kim loi tng
dn.
B. Trong mt phn nhm chnh i t trn xung di, tnh kim loi giam
dn.
C. Trong mt chu k i t tri sang phai tnh kim loi tng dn.
D. Trong mt chu k i t tri sang phai tnh kh tng dn.
Cu 63:
CH2=CH-COOH c pKa= 4,26. Vy pH ca 100ml dung dch CH2=CH-
COOH 0,12M l:
A. 2,32 B. 2,59 C. 3,24 D. 2,56
Cu 64: Nguyn t (B) c electron cui cng xc nh bi 4 s lng t:
n=4 , l =1 , m=0 , ms = - . Vy Vy
nguyn t B l:
Cho ZCl= 17 ; ZBr= 35 ; ZO= 8 ; ZS= 16 .
A. Cl B. Br C. Oxi D. S
Cu 65: Cu hnh electron ca S (Z = 16).1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4. Cho bit
hm sng (n, l , m, ms ) xc nh electron cui cng c trng cho nguyn t
S l;
A. (3,1,1,1 / 2) B. (3,1,0,1 / 2)
C. (3,0,0,1 / 2) D. (3,1,1,1 / 2)
Cu 66: Cu hnh electron ca Mg (Z = 12).1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2. Cho bit
hm sng (n, l , m, ms ) xc nh electron cui cng c trng cho nguyn t
Mg l;
A. (3,1,1,1 / 2) B. (3,1,0,1 / 2)
C. (3,0,0,1 / 2) D. (3,0,0,1 / 2)
Cu 67: Cho bit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Ca (Z = 20).
A. 1s 2s 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
2 2
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s1 D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 3d4
Cu 68: Cho bit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Fe (Z = 26).
A. 1s 2s 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6
2 2
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s1 D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 3d4
Cu 69: Cho bit cu hnh electron ca ion Fe2+ (Z = 26).
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d4 B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d4 4s2 D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 3d8
Cu 70: Cu hnh electron ca Cl (Z = 17).1s 2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5. Cho bit
v tr (chu k v phn nhm) trong bang h thng tun hon.
A. Chu k 3, phn nhm VA. B. Chu k 3, phn nhm IIA.
C. Chu k 3, phn nhm VIIA. D. Chu k 2, phn nhm VIIA.
Cu 71: Cu hnh electron ca Cr (Z = 24).1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p63d5 4s1. Cho
bit v tr (chu k v phn nhm) trong bang h thng tun hon.
A. Chu k 4, phn nhm IA. B. Chu k 4, phn nhm VA.
C. Chu k 4, phn nhm VIB. D. Chu k 4, phn nhm IVA.
Cu 72: Hy cho bit trong phn t CH4 c bao nhiu lin kt ha hoc
c hnh thnh:
A. 4 Lin kt sp s B. 4 Lin kt
sp 2
s
C. 4 Lin kt sp 3
s D. 4 Lin kt
sp 3
p
Cho bit: Bin thin thin entalpi ca phan ng: H 298 K = 42,5 Kcal/mol.
o
o
Cal/moloK.
Hy xc nh nhit ti bt u xay ra phan ng:
A. 500oC B. 1000,4oC C. 1106,77oK D. 1106,77oC
Cu 79: Xt phan ng: (NH2)2CO (dd) + H2O (l) CO2 (dd) + 2
NH3 (dd)
Bit: H 298 K ( S ) kcal/mol: -76,3
o
o -68,3 -98,7
-19,3
Hiu ng nhit ca phan ng iu kin chun l:
A. 7,3Kcal/mol B. 7,3 Kcal/mol C. 7,3 Kcal.
D. 37 Kcal/mol
Cu 80: Hy cho bit th nguyn (n v) ca hng s tc ca phan
ng mt chiu bc mt:
A. (thi gian)-1 B. mol. lt-1.(thi gian)-1
C. lt2.mol-2.(thi gian)-1 D. lit.mol-1(thi gian)-1