Standard deviation,s, (Nimm2) ___Parttwo:_The mix design process 10, a A; s for Tess than 20 results Byminimum 5) for 20 or more results. 2 ol Figures 7020 30 40 50 60 70 __elalonshipbetween standard deviation and Characteristic strength (Nimm?) characters strength 2 i Starting line lusing data {from Table 2 80] 70) 60} 50| Compressive strength (N/mm?) Pa ela Relatonship between al ‘compressive strength and os (04 0.5) 0.6 07 08 (0.9 freewater/cement ratio. Free-water/cement ratioCompressive strength (N/mm?) 2 5 90) 80) Starting line using data from Table 2 70} cy 3 go 5 20 0.3 0.4 0.5 06 0.7 Free-water/cement ratio 0.85. Flow chartof procedures 13, Trapge ne picnercer meme aneainee neo Niece nema pc corresponding value forthe free-water/cement rato can then be read from the abscissa. This should be compared ‘with any maximum free-water/cement ratio that may be speciiedand the lower of these two values used, ‘5.2 Selectionottree-water content (Stage 2) ‘Stage consists simply of determining the iree-water Content rom Table 3 depending upon the type and ‘maximum size of the aggregate to give aconcreteofthe specttieastump or Vene ume. ‘9.8 Determination of cement content (Stage 3) “The cement content s determined trom calculation C3: ‘oe-water coatent Coment content = Hee-wateren 3 Tae ‘The resulting value should be checked agatastany ‘maximum or minimum value Uiat may be spect. Inthe calculated cement content from C3 below aspeciied ‘mlaimur, tls minimum valuemust be adopted anda ‘modiited free-water/cement ratio calculated which wil Deless than that determined in Stage 1. This will result a concrete that has a mean strength somewhat higher than the target mean strength. Alternatively, te free water/cementrato from Stage Is wed resulting ina Stnp(rm) Veto te (9) nz 612 $6 03 isi ofaggeaste Typect (em aggregate 0 Tnenshed 150 180—=208 225 Crshed 189205230250 Ey Uerushed 135160180195 Crshed 179190210225, a ‘Unerushed 115140160175 Crushed 155175190205, Note wher couse nine apgesuesl one pes acu heer onan sessed yt expessor wom, vince W, = reenatr comeet pxonitetotoe dfx agente SW “reno est appari ope cows anes higher frce-water content and increased workability. On theother hand, if the design method indicates cement content thats higher than a specifled maximum then its probable that the specification canaot be met simultancously on strength and workabilty requirements with the selected materials. Consideration should then be {given to changing the type or strength class, orboth, of, ‘cement, the type and maximum size of aggregate or the Jovel of workability ofthe concrete, or tothe use ofa wwater-reducingadmixture, 5.4 Determination of total aggregate contert (Stage 4) Stage {requires anestimateor the density of the Fully compacted concrete which obtained from Figure 5 depending upon te fre-water content athe relate density” ofthe combined aggregate in the saturated surface-dry condition (SSD), Itnolnformations avalable regarding the relative density ofthe aggregate, an approximation canbemadeby assuminga value of 25 foruncrushed aggregate and 2 fr crushed aggregate From tis esumated density ofthe concrotethe ola aggregate content s determined from calculation CA: Totaaggregatecontent = D-C-W ca (saurstea ana surtace-ary) where D = the wet density otconcrete (kg/m) C = mecementconteat ikg/m’) W = whe free-water content (kg/m!) 5.5 Selection of fneand coarse aggregate contents (Stage 5) Stage 5 involves deciaing how much of te total aggregate should consist of materas smaller than 5 mm, ve te sand or fne aggregatecontent. Figure 6 shows recommended values forthe proportion of ne aggregate depending oa the maximum size oF aggregate, he ‘workabilly level, the grading of the ine agareate {defined by ts percentage passing a G00 yisteve) ard Ahefree-water/cementratle, The bes proportion of es ‘owse na ghven mix will depend on the shape of the particular aggregate, the actual grading of shape of the particular aggregate, the actual grading of the fine aggregate and the useto which the concete Isto be put. However. adoption ofa proportion obtained from Figure Gwitl generally give a satistctory concretein the firs tral mix which can then be adjustedas required for theexact conditions prevailing. “Theftra calculation, C5, to determine the ne and coarse aggregate content, s made using the proportion of fneaggregate obtained from Figure Gand the total aggregate content derived in Stage 4 “prt or vedo cent plese14 Parttwo: Themix design process 2700} 8 TELE Rolative density of f>-| ‘combined aggregate (on saturated and surface-dry basis) 2.8 Wet density of concrete max {kg/m*) eo 4 28 27 2300F>-—— ‘s | Size 2.8 2200 2.4 21001 a a Free-water content (kg/r?) Figuro5 Estat wot ors oftlycompacted conoete Maximum aggregate size: 10mm Slump: 0-10mm. 10-30mm 30-60mm 60-180mm Vebe time: >128 6-128 3-68 0-38, 80 5 = 70 — 15 3 60 18 t—15: 18 a 40° 2 50) 40’ 40° & 40") | 4 60 = 40 0 60+ 80 ao 8 ok eo] LF oJ L 80 boot 5 100° 100 5 Er [+1001 [+ 2 = 4 € 20f— 10 | J 0.2 0.4 06 0.8 0.2 04 06 0.8 0.2 04 06 08 0.2 04 0.6 0.8 Free-water/cement ratio Figure 6 Recommended proportions of fe aggregate according to percentage passing a 600 ym sieveProportion of fine aggregate (%) Proportion of fine aggregate (%) Maximum aggregate size: 20mm Slump: 0-10mm 10-30mm, 30-60mm 60-180mm. Vebe time: >12s 6-128 3-68, 0-38 80 70 60) 1 15 50| 15 15 15 40 40 407 40" a L ao cor oT 30] 4 60" 07 84 100° C4 is fe sotion) [82 t1007 20 101 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 04 0.6 08 02 04 06 08 Free-water/cement ratio Maximum aggregate size: 40mm Slump: 010mm 10-30mm 30-60mm 60-180mm. Vebe time: >12s, 6-128 3-68 0-38, 80 r- 70| —— 60| | 50| }— 18 bis 40) > 7 40° 40 30] 40: 1.60. Leo] cot 1 LT —T) 100° 66 766 wo | 0.2 04 0.6 08 0.2 0.4 0.6 08 02 0.4 06 08 0.2 0.4 0.6 08 Free-water/cement ratio