1.1.

KIN TRC GSM

GSM l mng thng tin di ng s u tin c xy dng trn phng php a
truy nhp TDMA. Mt h thng GSM c t chc thnh ba phn t chnh: MS, h
thng con trm gc (BSS: base station subsystem) v h thng con chuyn mch (SS:
switching subsystem ) nh trn hnh 1.1.

Hnh 1.1. Kin trc mng GSM

1 | Page
 MS cha u cui di ng vi SIM card. SIM l mt thit b an ninh cha tt c
cc thng tin cn thit v cc gii thut nhn thc thu bao cho mng. nhn thc
thu bao cho mng, SIM cha mt my vi tnh gm CPU v ba kiu nh. ROM c
lp trnh cha h iu hnh, chng trnh cho ng dng GSM v cc gii thut an ninh
A3 v A8. RAM c s dng thc hin cc gii thut v nh m cho truyn dn s
liu. Cc s liu nhy cm nh Ki (kha b mt), IMSI (international mobile station
identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng), cc s quay, cc bn tin ngn, thng tin v
mng v v thu bao nh TMSI (temporary mobile station identity: s nhn dng thu
bao tm thi), LAI (location area identity: nhn dng vng nh v) c lu trong b
nh ROM xa c bng in v kh lp trnh (EEPROM).
H thng con trm gc (BSS) bao gm mt s trm thu pht gc (BTS: base
transceiver station: trm thu pht gc) v mt b iu khin trm gc (BSC: base station
controller).
BTS iu khin lu lng v tuyn gia MS v chnh n thng qua giao din v
tuyn Um.
H thng con mng cha trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng (MSC:
mobile switching center) thc hin tt c cc ng dng cn thit nh tuyn cuc gi
n hoc t cc ngi s dng v cc mng in thai khc nhau nh: ISDN, PSTN.
HLR (home location register: b ghi nh v thng tr) mang tt c cc thng tin
v thu bao trong vng ca GMSC (gateway MSC: MSC cng) tng ng.
VLR (visitor location register: b ghi nh v tm tr) cha cc chi tit tm thi v
MS lm khch ti MSC hin thi. N cng cha TMSI.
Trung tm nhn thc (AuC: authentication center) c t ti HLR v l mt
trong nhng ni pht i cc thng s an ninh quan trng nht v n m bo tt c cc
thng s cn thit cho nhn thc v mt m ha gia MS v BTS. TMSI cho php t
chi mt k xu tm cch ly trm thng tin v cc ti nguyn c ngi s dng s
dng v khng cho k xu theo di v tr ngi s dng.
Mc ch ca EIR (equipment identity register: b ghi nhn dng thit b) l
ghi li nhn dng s my ca thit b di ng chng mt cp my. Ni mt cch khc
EIR cha cc s seri my ca tt c cc my di ng v nh du du s my b mt hoc
b n cp m h thng s khng cho php. Cc ngi s dng s c nhn dng l en
(khng hp l) trng (hp l ) hay xm (b nghi ng).

2 | Page
1.2. KIN TRC GPRS

GPRS s dng li mng truy nhp v tuyn ca GSM truyn s liu gi bng
cch ghp nhiu khe thi gian vo mt knh truyn. Kin trc ca GPRS c cho trn
hnh 1.3.

Hnh 1.2. Kin trc GPRS

MS gm thit b u cui (TE:Terminal Equipment) (my tnh PC cm tay chng

hn) v u cui di ng (MT). MS c th hot ng trong ba ch ph thuc vo kh
nng ca mng v my di ng.
Ch A, c th x l ng thi c khai thc chuyn mch knh ln chuyn mch gi
Ch B, cho php MS hoc ch PS hoc ch CS nhng khng ng thi
c hai ch . Khi MS pht cc gi, nu kt ni CS c yu cu th truyn dn PS
t ng c t vo ch treo
Ch C, cho php MS thc hin mi ln mt dch v. Nu MS ch h tr lu lng
PS (GPRS) th n hot ng ch C.

Trong BSS, BTS x l c lu lng CS v PS. N chuyn s liu PS n SGSN v

CS n MSC. Ngoi cc tnh nng GSM, HLR cng c s dng xc nh xem thu
bao GPRS c a ch IP tnh hay ng v im truy nhp no s dng ni n mng
ngoi. i vi GPRS, cc thng tin v thu bao c trao i gia HLR vi SGSN.
SGSN x l lu lng cc gi IP n v t MS ng nhp vo vng phc v
ca n v n cng m bo nh tuyn gi nhn c v gi i t n.

3 | Page
 GGSN m bo kt ni vi cc mng chuyn mch gi bn ngoi nh Internet hay
cc mng ring khc. Nt kt ni vi mng ng trc GPRS da trn IP. N cng
chuyn i tt c cc gi IP v c s dng trong qu trnh nhn thc v trong cc th
tc mt m ha..
AuC hot ng ging nh mng GSM. C th l n cha thng tin nhn dng
cc ngi c php s dung mng GPRS v v th ngn chn vic s s dng tri php
mng.

3GUMTS c xy dng theo ba pht hnh chnh c gi l R3, R4, R5. Trong
mng li R3 v R4 bao gm hai min: min CS (Circuit Switch: chuyn mch knh)
v min PS (Packet Switch: chuyn mch gi). Vic kt hp ny ph hp cho giai on
u khi PS cha p ng tt cc dch v thi gian thc nh thoi v hnh nh. Khi ny
min CS s m nhimcc dc v thai cn s liu c truyn trn min PS. R4 pht
trin hn R3 ch min CS chuyn sang chuyn mch mm v th ton b mng truyn
ti gia cc nt chuyn mch u trn IP. Mng truy nhp ca UMTS c th l TDMA
hoc CDMA. Trong chng ny ta ch xt mng truy nhp CDMA cho UMTS.
Di y ta xt ba kin trc 3GUMTS ni trn.

1.3. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R3

UMTS R3 h tr c kt ni chuyn mch knh ln chuyn mch gi: n 384

Mbps trong min CS v 2Mbps trong min PS. Cc kt ni tc cao ny m bo cung
cp mt tp cc dich v mi cho ngi s dng di ng ging nh trong cc mng in
thoi c nh v Internet. Cc dch v ny gm: in thoi c hnh (Hi ngh video), m
thanh cht lng cao (CD) v tc truyn cao ti u cui. Mt tnh nng khc cng
c a ra cng vi GPRS l "lun lun kt ni" n Internet. UMTS cng cung cp
thng tin v tr tt hn v v th h tr tt hn cc dch v da trn v tr.
Mt mng UMTS bao gm ba phn: thit b di ng (UE: User Equipment), mng
truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS (UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrrial Radio Network), mng
li (CN: Core Network) (xem hnh 1.4). UE bao gm ba thit b: thit b u cui, thit b
di ng v module nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM: UMTS Subsscriber Identity
Module). UTRAN gm cc h thng mng v tuyn (RNS: Radio Network System) v
mi RNS bao gm RNC (Radio Network Controller: b iu khin mng v tuyn) v
cc BTS ni vi n. Mng li CN bao gm min chuyn mch knh, chuyn mch gi
v HE (Home Environment: Mi trng nh). HE bao gm cc c s d liu: AuC

4 | Page
(Authentication Center: Trung tm nhn thc), HLR (Home Location Register: B ghi
nh v thng tr) v EIR (Equipment Identity Register: B ghi nhn dng thit b).

Hnh 1.3. Kin trc UMTS

1.3.1. Thit b ngi s dng

UE (User Equipment: thit b ngi s dng) l u cui mng UMTS ca ngi

s dng. C th ni y l phn h thng c nhiu thit b nht v s pht trin ca n s
nh hng ln ln cc ng dng v cc dch v kh dng. Gi thnh gim nhanh chng s
to iu kin cho ngi s dng mua thit b ca UMTS. iu ny t c nh tiu
chun ha giao din v tuyn v ci t mi tr tu ti cc card thng minh.

1.3.1.1. Cc u cui

V my u cui by gi khng ch n thun dnh cho in thoi m cn cung

cp cc dch v s liu mi, nn tn cu n c chuyn thnh u cui. Cc nh sn
xut chnh a ra rt nhiu u cui da trn cc khi nim mi, nhng trong thc t
ch mt s t l c a vo sn xut. Mc d cc u cui d kin khc nhau v kch
thc v thit k, tt c chng u c mn hnh ln v t phm hn so vi 2G. L do
chnh l tng cng s dng u cui cho nhiu dch v s liu hn v v th u cui
tr thnh t hp cu my thoi di ng, modem v my tnh bn tay.
u cui h tr hai giao din. Giao din Uu nh ngha lin kt v tuyn (giao
din WCDMA). N m nhim ton b kt ni vt l vi mng UMTS. Giao din th hai
5 | Page
l giao din Cu gia UMTS IC card (UICC) v u cui. Giao din ny tun theo tiu
chun cho cc card thng minh.
Mc d cc nh sn xut u cui c rt nhiu tng v thit b, h phi tun
theo mt tp ti thiu cc nh ngha tiu chun cc ngi s dng bng cc u cui
khc nhau c th truy nhp n mt s cc chc nng c s theo cng mt cch.
Cc tiu chun ny gm:
Bn phm (cc phm vt l hay cc phm o trn mn hnh)
ng k mt khu mi
Thay i m PIN
Gii chn PIN/PIN2
Trnh by IMEI
iu khin cuc gi

Cc phn cn li cu giao din s dnh ring cho nh thit k v ngi s dng s chn
cho mnh u cui da trn hai tiu chun (nu xu th 2G cn ko di) l thit k v giao
din. Giao din l kt hp ca kch c v thng tin do mn hnh cung cp (mn hnh nt
chm), cc phm v menu.

1.3.1.2. UICC

UMTS IC card l mt card thng minh. iu m ta quan tm n n l dung lng

nh v tc b x l do n cung cp. ng dng USIM chy trn UICC.

1.3.1.3. USIM

Trong h thng GSM, SIM card lu gi thng tin c nhn (ng k thu bao) ci
cng trn card. iu ny thay i trong UMTS, Modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS
c ci nh mt ng dng trn UICC. iu ny cho php lu nhiu ng dng hn v
nhiu ch k (kha) in t hn cng vi USIM cho cc mc ch khc (cc m truy
nhp giao dch ngn hng an ninh). Ngoi ra c th c nhiu USIM trn cng mt UICC
h tr truy nhp n nhiu mng.
USIM cha cc hm v s liu cn nhn dng v nhn thc thu bao trong
mng UMTS. N c th lu c bn sao h s ca thu bao.
Ngi s dng phi t mnh nhn thc i vi USIM bng cch nhp m PIN.
iu ny m bo rng ch ngi s dng ch thc mi c truy nhp mng UMTS.
6 | Page
Mng s ch cung cp cc dch v cho ngi no s dng u cui da trn nhn dng
USIM c ng k.

1.3.2. Mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network: Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt
t UMTS) l lin kt gia ngi s dng v CN. N gm cc phn t m bo cc cuc
truyn thng UMTS trn v tuyn v iu khin chng.
UTRAN c nh ngha gia hai giao din. Giao din Iu gia UTRAN v CN,
gm hai phn: IuPS cho min chuyn mch gi v IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh;
giao din Uu gia UTRAN v thit b ngi s dng. Gia hai giao din ny l hai nt,
RNC v nt B.

1.3.2.1. RNC

RNC (Radio Network Controller) chu trch nhim cho mt hay nhiu trm gc
v iu khin cc ti nguyn ca chng. y cng chnh l im truy nhp dch v m
UTRAN cung cp cho CN. N c ni n CN bng hai kt ni, mt cho min chuyn
mch gi (n GPRS) v mt n min chuyn mch knh (MSC).
Mt nhim v quan trng na ca RNC l bo v s b mt v ton vn. Sau th
tc nhn thc v tha thun kha, cc kho bo mt v ton vn c t vo RNC. Sau
cc kha ny c s dng bi cc hm an ninh f8 v f9.
RNC c nhiu chc nng logic ty thuc v vic n phc v nt no. Ngi s
dng c kt ni vo mt RNC phc v (SRNC: Serving RNC). Khi ngi s dng
chuyn vng n mt RNC khc nhng vn kt ni vi RNC c, mt RNC tri (DRNC:
Drift RNC) s cung cp ti nguyn v tuyn cho ngi s dng, nhng RNC phc v vn
qun l kt ni ca ngi s dng n CN. Chc nng cui cng ca RNC l RNC iu
khin (CRNC: Control RNC). Mi nt B c mt RNC iu khin chu trch nhim cho
cc ti nguyn v tuyn ca n.

1.3.2.2. Nt B

Trong UMTS trm gc c gi l nt B v nhim v ca n l thc hin kt ni

v tuyn vt l gia u cui vi n. N nhn tn hiu trn giao din Iub t RNC v
chuyn n vo tn hiu v tuyn trn giao din Uu. N cng thc hin mt s thao tc
qun l ti nguyn v tuyn c s nh "iu khin cng sut vng trong". Tnh nng ny
7 | Page
 phng nga vn gn xa; ngha l nu tt c cc u cui u pht cng mt cng
sut, th cc u cui gn nt B nht s che lp tn hiu t cc u cui xa. Nt B kim
tra cng sut thu t cc u cui khc nhau v thng bo cho chng gim cng sut hoc
tng cng sut sao cho nt B lun thu c cng sut nh nhau t tt c cc u cui.
.
1.3.3. Mng li

Mng li (CN) c chia thnh ba phn, min PS, min CS v HE. Min PS m
bo cc dch v s liu cho ngi s dng bng cc kt ni n Internet v cc mng s
liu khc v min CS m bo cc dch v in thai n cc mng khc bng cc kt
ni TDM. Cc nt B trong CN c kt ni vi nhau bng ng trc ca nh khai thc,
thng s dng cc cng ngh mng tc cao nh ATM v IP. Mng ng trc trong
min CS s dng TDM cn trong min PS s dng IP.

1.3.3.1. SGSN

SGSN (SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node: nt h tr GPRS phc v) l nt

chnh ca min chuyn mch gi. N ni n UTRAN thng qua giao din IuPS v n
GGSN thng quan giao din Gn. SGSN chu trch nhim cho tt c kt ni PS ca tt c
cc thu bao. N lu hai kiu d liu thu bao: thng tin ng k thu bao v thng tin
v tr thu bao.

S liu thu bao lu trong SGSN gm:

IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng quc
t)
Cc nhn dng tm thi (P-TMSI: Packet- Temporary Mobile Subsscriber Identity: s
nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi gi)
Cc a ch PDP (Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s liu gi)

S liu v tr lu trn SGSN:

Vng nh tuyn thu bao (RA: Routing Area)
S VLR
Cc a ch GGSN ca tng GGSN c kt ni tch cc

8 | Page
1.3.3.2. GGSN

GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node: Nt h tr GPRS cng) l mt SGSN kt

ni vi cc mng s liu khc. Tt c cc cuc truyn thng s liu t thu bao n cc
mng ngoi u qua GGSN. Cng nh SGSN, n lu c hai kiu s liu: thng tin thu
bao v thng tin v tr.

S liu thu bao lu trong GGSN:

IMSI
Cc a ch PDP

S liu v tr lu trong GGSN:

a ch SGSN hin thu bao ang ni n

GGSN ni n Internet thng qua giao din Gi v n BG thng qua Gp.

1.3.3.3. BG

BG (Border Gatway: Cng bin gii) l mt cng gia min PS ca PLMN vi

cc mng khc. Chc nng cu nt ny ging nh tng la ca Internet: m bo
mng an ninh chng li cc tn cng bn ngoi.

1.3.3.4. VLR

VLR (Visitor Locatoin Register: b ghi nh v tm tr) l bn sao cu HLR cho

mng phc v (SN: Serving Network). D liu thu bao cn thit cung cp cc dch v
thu bao c copy t HLR v lu y. C MSC v SGSN u c VLR ni vi chng.

S liu sau y c lu trong VLR:

IMSI
MSISDN
TMSI (nu c)
LA hin thi ca thu bao
MSC/SGSN hin thi m thu bao ni n
9 | Page
 Ngoi ra VLR c th lu gi thng v cc dch v m thu bao c cung cp.
C SGSN v MSC u c thc hin trn cng mt nt vt l vi VLR v th c
gi l VLR/SGSN v VLR/MSC.

1.3.3.5. MSC

MSC thc hin cc kt ni CS gia u cui v mng. N thc hin cc chc nng
bo hiu v chuyn mch cho cc thu bao trong vng qun l ca mnh. Chc nng ca
MSC trong UMTS ging chc nng MSC trong GSM, nhng n c nhiu kh nng hn.
Cc kt ni CS c thc hin trn giao din CS gia UTRAN v MSC. Cc MSC c
ni n cc mng ngoi qua GMSC.

1.3.3.6. GMSC

GMSC c th l mt trong s cc MSC. GMSC chu trch nhim thc hin cc

chc nng nh tuyn n vng c MS. Khi mng ngoi tm cch kt ni n PLMN cu
mt nh khai thc, GMSC nhn yu cu thit lp kt ni v hi HLR v MSC hin thi
qun l MS.

1.3.3.7. Mi trng nh

Mi trng nh (HE: Home Environment) lu cc h s thu bao cu hng khai

thc. N cng cung cp cho cc mng phc v (SN: Serving Network) cc thng tin v
thu bao v v cc cn thit nhn thc ngi s dng v tnh cc cho cc dch v
cung cp. Trong phn ny ta s lit k cc dch v c cung cp v cc dch v b cm.

Thanh ghi nh v thng tr (HLR)

HLR l mt c s d liu c nhim v qun l cc thu bao di ng. Mt mng di

ng c th cha nhiu HLR ty thuc vo s lng thu bao, dung lng ca tng HLR
v t chc bn trong mng.
C s d liu ny cha IMSI (International Mobile Subsscribern Identity: s nhn
dng thu bao di ng), t nht mt MSISDN (Mobile Station ISDN: s thu bao cso
trong danh b in thai) v t nht mt a ch PDP(Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s
liu gi). C IMSI v MSISDN c th s dng lm kho truy nhp n cc thng tin
10 | P a g e
c lu khc. nh tuyn v tnh cc cc cuc gi, HLR cn lu gi thng tin v
SGSN v VLR no hin ang chu trch nhim thu bao. Cc dch v khc nh chuyn
hng cuc gi, tc s liu v th thoi cng c trong danh sch cng vi cc hn ch
dch v nh cc hn ch chuyn mng.
HLR v AuC l hai nt mng logic, nhng thng c thc hin trong cng mt
nt vt l. HLR lu gi mi thng tin v ngi s dng v ng k thu bao. Nh: thng
tin tnh cc, cc dch v no c cung cp v cc dch v no b t chi v thng tin
chuyn hng cuc gi. Nhng thng tin quan trong nht l hin VLR v SGSN no
ang ph trch ngi s dng.

Trung tm nhn thc (AuC)

AUC (Authentication Center) lu gi ton b s liu cn thit nhn thc, mt

m ha v bo v s ton vn thng tin cho ngi s dng. N lin kt vi HLR v c
thc hin cng vi HLR trong cng mt nt vt l. Tuy nhin cn m bo rng AuC ch
cung cp thng tin v cc vect nhn thc (AV: Authetication Vector) cho HLR.
AuC lu gi kha b mt chia s K cho tng thu bao cng vi tt c cc hm to
kha t f0 n f5. N to ra cc AV, c trong thi gian thc khi SGSN/VLR yu cu hay
khi ti x l thp, ln cc AV d tr.

B ghi nhn thc thit b (EIR)

EIR (Equipment Identity Register) chu trch nhim lu cc s nhn dng thit b
di ng quc t (IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity). y l s nhn dng
duy nht cho thit b u cui. C s d liu ny c chia thnh ba danh mc: danh
mc trng, xm v en. Danh mc trng cha cc s IMEI c php truy nhp mng.
Danh mc xm cha IMEI ca cc u cui ang b theo di cn danh mc en cha cc
s IMEI cu cc u cui b cm truy nhp mng. Khi mt u cui c thng bo l b
mt cp, IMEI ca n s b t vo danh mc en v th n b cm truy nhp mng. Danh
mc ny cng c th c s dng cm cc seri my c bit khng c truy nhp
mng khi chng khng hot ng theo tiu chun.

1.3.4. Cc mng ngoi

Cc mng ngoi khng phi l b phn ca h thng UMTS, nhng chng cn

thit m bo truyn thng gia cc nh khai thc. Cc mng ngoi c th l cc mng
11 | P a g e
in thoi nh: PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network: mng di ng mt t cng cng),
PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network: Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng),
ISDN hay cc mng s liu nh Internet. Min PS kt ni n cc mng s liu cn min
CS ni n cc mng in thoi.

1.3.5. Cc giao din

Vai tr cc cc nt khc nhau cu mng ch c nh ngha thng qua cc giao

din khc nhau. Cc giao din ny c nh nghi cht ch cc nh sn xut c th
kt ni cc phn cng khc nhau ca h.

1.3.5.1. Uu

Giao din Uu l WCDMA, giao din v tuyn c nh ngha cho UMTS. Giao
din ny nm gia nt B v u cui.

1.3.5.2. Iu

Giao din Iu kt ni CN v UTRAN. N gm ba phn, IuPS cho min chuyn

mch gi, IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh v IuBC cho min qung b. CN c th kt
ni n nhiu UTRAN cho c giao din IuCS v IuPS. Nhng mt UTRAN ch c th
kt ni n mt im truy nhp CN.

1.4. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R4.

Hnh 1.5 cho thy kin trc c s ca 3G UMTS R4. S khc nhau c bn gia R3
v R4 l ch khi ny mng li l mng phn b v chuyn mch mm. Thay cho vic
c cc MSC chuyn mch knh truyn thng nh kin trc trc, kin trc chuyn
mch phn b v chuyn mch mm c a vo.
V cn bn, MSC c chia thnh MSC server v cng cc phng tin (MGW:
Media Gateway). MSC cha tt c cc phn mm iu khin cuc gi, qun l di ng c
mt MSC tiu chun. Tuy nhin n khng cha ma trn chuyn mch. Ma trn chuyn
mch nm trong MGW c MSC Server iu khin v c th t xa MSC Server.

12 | P a g e
 HSS/ Sniffer Server
mo nitorin g/ana lysis

HLR
SS7 GW

MSC Server GMSC Server Sniffer Server

monito ring/analysi s

SS7 GW
IP
Iu-cs ( iu
RNC khin) SS7

H248/IP H248/IP
Iur
Nt B
Iu-cs
Iub
(Vt mang)
Sniffer Server
m onito ring/analysis

RTP/IP Sniffer Server

m onitoring/ana lysis

PCM PSTN
MGW MGW

RNC
Iub
Gn Gi
Iu-ps Internet
Nt B (GTP/IP) (IP)
SGSN GGSN
Hnh 1.4. Kin trc mng phn b ca pht hnh 3GPP Release 4

Bo hiu iu khin cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin gia RNC v
MSC Server. ng truyn cho cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin gia
RNC v MGW. Thng thng MGW nhn cc cuc gi t RNC v nh tuyn cc cuc
gi ny n ni nhn trn cc ng trc gi. Trong nhiu trng hp ng trc gi s
dng Giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc (RTP: Real Time Transport Protocol) trn Giao
thc Internet (IP). T hnh 1.5 ta thy lu lng s liu gi t RNC i qua SGSN v t
SGSN n GGSN trn mng ng trc IP. C s liu v ting u c th s dng truyn
ti IP bn trong mng li. y l mng truyn tai hon ton IP.
Ti ni m mt cuc gi cn chuyn n mt mng khc, PSTN chng hn, s c
mt cng cc phng tin khc (MGW) c iu khin bi MSC Server cng (GMSC
server). MGW ny s chuyn ting thoi c ng gi thnh PCM tiu chun a
n PSTN. Nh vy chuyn i m ch cn thc hin ti im ny. th d, ta gi thit
rng nu ting giao din v tuyn c truyn ti tc 12,2 kbps, th tc ny ch
phi chuyn vo 64 kbps MGW giao tip vi PSTN. Truyn ti kiu ny cho php tit
kim ng k rng bng tn nht l khi cc MGW cch xa nhau.

13 | P a g e
 Giao thc iu khin gia MSC Server hoc GMSC Server vi MGW l giao
thc ITU H.248. Giao thc ny c ITU v IETF cng tc pht trin. N c tn l iu
khin cng cc phng tin (MEGACO: Media Gateway Control). Giao thc iu khin
cuc gi gia MSC Server v GMSC Server c th l mt giao thc iu khin cuc gi
bt k. 3GPP ngh s dng (khng bt buc) giao thc iu khin cuc gi c lp
vt mang (BICC: Bearer Independent Call Control) c xy dng trn c s khuyn
ngh Q.1902 ca ITU.
Trong nhiu trng hp MSC Server h tr c cc chc nng ca GMSC Server.
Ngoi ra MGW c kh nng giao din vi c RAN v PSTN. Khi ny cuc gi n hoc
t PSTN c th chuyn ni ht, nh vy c th tit kim ng k u t.
lm th d ta xt trng hp khi mt RNC c t ti thnh ph A v c
iu khin bi mt MSC t ti thnh ph B. Gi s thu bao thnh ph A thc hin cuc
gi ni ht. Nu khng c cu trc phn b, cuc gi cn chuyn t thnh ph A n
thnh ph B (ni c MSC) u ni vi thu bao PSTN ti chnh thnh ph A. Vi
cu trc phn b, cuc gi c th c iu khin ti MSC Server thnh ph B nhng
ng truyn cc phng tin thc t c th vn thnh ph A, nh vy gim ng k
yu cu truyn dn v gi thnh khai thc mng.
T hnh 1.5 ta cng thy rng HLR cng c th c gi l Server thu bao ti nh
(HSS: Home Subscriber Server). HSS v HLR c chc nng tng ng, ngai tr giao
din vi HSS l giao din trn c s truyn ti gi (IP chng hn) trong khi HLR s dng
giao din trn c s bo hiu s 7. Ngoi ra cn c cc giao din (khng c trn hnh v)
gia SGSN vi HLR/HSS v gia GGSN vi HLR/HSS.
Rt nhiu giao thc c s dng bn trong mng li l cc giao thc trn c s gi
s dng hoc IP hoc ATM. Tuy nhin mng phi giao din vi cc mng truyn thng
qua vic s dng cc cng cc phng tin. Ngoi ra mng cng phi giao din vi cc
mng SS7 tiu chun. Giao din ny c thc hin thng qua cng SS7 (SS7 GW). y
l cng m mt pha n h tr truyn ti bn tin SS7 trn ng truyn ti SS7 tiu
chun, pha kia n truyn ti cc bn tin ng dng SS7 trn mng gi ( IP chng hn).
Cc thc th nh MSC Server, GMSC Server v HSS lin lc vi cng SS7 bng cch s
dng cc giao thc truyn ti c thit k c bit mang cc bn tin SS7 mng IP.
B giao thc ny c gi l Sigtran.

1.5. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R5

Bc pht trin tip theo ca UMTS l a ra kin trc mng a phng tin IP
(hnh 1.6). Bc pht trin ny th hin s thay i ton b m hnh cuc gi. y c
14 | P a g e
ting v s liu c x l ging nhau trn ton b ng truyn t u cui ca ngi
s dng n ni nhn cui cng. C th coi kin trc ny l s hi t ton din ca ting
v s liu.

CSCF
R-SGW
S
n
iofnite
m rg/S
rn e
a
n riv
lys SS7

Chc nng iu khin Chc nng iu khin

trng thi cuc gi cng mi tr ng
(CSCF) (MGCF)
Cx

RNC Cx
Mg
S
n
ifnite
m
o org/aS
rn e
n riv
lys
HSS/ T-SGW
HLR
Mr

Node B
Iur S
n
ifnite
m
o org/S
rn e
a
n riv
lys
SS7
Gr Mc
MRF
Iub Gi

Iu Gn Gi
S
n
iofnite
m rg/S
rn e
a
n riv PCM
lys PSTN
Iub MGW
RNC
Node B SGSN GGSN

Gi Internet

Hnh 1.5. Kin trc mng a phng tin IP ca 3GPP

T hnh 1.6 ta thy ting v s liu khng cn cc giao din cch bit; ch c mt
giao din Iu duy nht mang tt c phng tin. Trong mng li giao din ny kt cui ti
SGSN v khng c MGW ring.
Ta cng thy c mt s phn t mng mi nh: Chc nng iu khin trng thi
kt ni (CSCF: Connection State Control Function), Chc nng ti nguyn a phng
tin (MRF: Multimedia Resource Function), chc nng iu khin cng cc phng
tin (MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function), Cng bo hiu truyn ti (T-SGW:
Transport Signalling Gateway) v Cng bo hiu chuyn mng (R-SGW: Roaming
Signalling Gateway).

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 Mt nt quan trng ca kin trc ton IP l thit b ca ngi s dng c tng
cng rt nhiu. Nhiu phn mm c ci t UE. Trong thc t, UE h tr giao thc
khi u phin (SIP: Session Initiation Protocol). UE tr thnh mt tc nhn ca ngi
s dng SIP. Nh vy, UE c kh nng iu khin cc dch v ln hn trc rt nhiu.
CSCF qun l vic thit lp , duy tr v gii phng cc phin a phng tin n v
t ngi s dng. N bao gm cc chc nng nh: phin dch v nh tuyn. CSCF hot
ng nh mt i din Server /h tch vin.
SGSN v GGSN l cc phin bn tng cng ca cc nt c s dng GPRS v
UMTS R3 v R4. im khc nhau duy nht l ch cc nt ny khng ch h tr dch v
s liu gi m c dch v chuyn mch knh (ting chng hn). V th cn h tr cc kh
nng cht lng dch v (QoS) hoc bn trong SGSN v GGSN hoc t nht cc Router
kt ni trc tip vi chng.
Chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin (MRF) l chc nng lp cu hi nghi c s
dng h tr cc tnh nng nh t chc cuc gi nhiu pha v dch v hi ngh .
Cng bo hiu truyn ti (T-SGW) l mt cng bo hiu SS7 m bo tng tc
SS7 vi cc mng tiu chun ngoi nh PSTN. T-SGW h tr cc giao thc Sigtran.
Cng bo hiu chuyn mng (R-SGW) l mt nt m bo tng tc bo hiu vi cc
mng di ng hin c s dng SS7 tiu chun. Trong nhiu trng hp T-SGW v R-
SGW cng tn ti trn cng mt nn tng.
MGW thc hin tng tc vi cc mng ngoi mc ng truyn a phng tin.
MGW kin trc mng ca UMTS R5 c chc nng ging nh R4. MGW c iu
khin bi Chc nng cng iu khin cc phng tin (MGCF). Giao thc iu khin
gia cc thc th ny l ITU-T H.248.
MGCF cng lin lc vi CSCF. Giao thc c chn cho giao din ny l SIP.
Cn lu rng pht hnh cu trc ton IP ca R5 l mt tng cng ca mng R3
hoc R4. N a thm vo mt vng mi trong mng l vng a phng tin IP (IM:
IP Multimedia). Vng mi ny cho php mang c ting v s liu trn IP trn ton tuyn
ni n my cm tay. Vng ny s dng vng chuyn mch gi PS cho mc ch truyn
ti: s dng SGSN, GGSN, Gn, Gi ... l cc nt v giao din thuc vng PS.

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