POLYSTYREN

2
m acid 153.6 M
I. Khi nim:
Polystyrene (PS) l loi polymer c tng hp t styrene monomer( SM). C th
c tng hp t phng php trng hp khi, trng hp nh tng hoc huyn ph.
Trong bi th nghim ny chng ta s tin hnh theo phng php trng hp nh
tng.
II. Nguyn liu:
1. Styren monomer (SM):

Nguyn liu chnh trng hp to polystyrene l styrene monmer (SM).

Trong iu kin thng (30 ) v trnh tip xc khng kh, sau mt thi gian bo
qun khong 18 thng th SM b trng hp mt phn to oligomer styrene.

(8.1)

n=3 5

Olygomer ny tn ti trong SM dng ha tan, n ngn cn qu trnh trng hp to PS

theo phng php huyn ph. V vy, cn phi loi b oligomer styrene ra khi SM
trc khi trng hp.
2. H to nh tng:
H to nh tng c s dng l dung mi phn tn ( ch yu l H 2 O ) v cht
hot ng b mt di dng mui ca axit bo hu c vi natri.
Thnh phn h thng s dng:
Acid oleic 1.5kg

NaOH 0.2 1 kg

H2 O 100kg

3. H cht khi mu:

Cht khi mu c s dng l cc peroxyd c kh nng phn hy to gc t do
nhit thp. Thng s dng persulfat kali K 2 S 2 O8 . Trong mt s trng hp,
2+
c th s dng h MEKP-C o (naphthanat cobalt 10% trong xylen ) iu kin

phng th nghim. MEKP c kh nng to gc t do ln, nhit phn ng to ra mnh.

Nhng trong iu kin cng nghip t s dng do qu trnh gii nhit kh khn.
III. Phn ng tng hp:
 Phn ng tng hp PS xy ra theo c ch gc t do:
+ Giai on khi mu:

+ Giai on pht trin mch:

+Giai on ngt mch:

D li:

Ti hp:

Truyn mch:

c im ca phn ng:
Phn ng (8.3), (8.4) ta nhit G -4 kcal/mol. Cn gii nhit khi tng hp m
ln trn 50kg.
Phn ng (8.5) lm cho phn t PS c ni i cui mch.

Phn ng (8.6) lm cho M p ca PS tng gp i v c a phn tn cao.

Phn ng (8.7) lm cho phan t PS c mch nhnh v c a phn tn cao hn so vi

phn ng (8.6) rt nhiu.
Trong sn xut ngi ta cn cho cht n nh nhit cho phn ng v cht kh gc hot
ng iu khin trng lng phn t.
IV. Tnh cht ca PS v ng dng:
PS l nha hit do, khng mu, c cng cao hn so vi PE, PA. PS c kt tinh
rt km nn trong xut, nhit chuyn thy tinh ca PS khong 70 100 .
Nhi chy mm ca PS khong 168 190 ty theo trng lng phn t.
Trong iu kin nhit trn 280 v khng c khng kh, PS d b depolymer
ha to ra cc monomer ban u.
PS tan trong SM hoc toluen. Trong mi trng t ngoi PS d b gin.
PS c s dng sn xut nhng sn phm theo cng ngh p phun l ch yu.
V. Quy trnh cng ngh tng hp:
1. Tnh ton cng thc tng hp:
a. Tch oligomer styren:
Styrene monomer dng cng nghip hoc th nghim sau thi gian bo qun thng
c oligomer theo phn ng (8.1). Mt khc, i khi nh sn xut cn cho cht bo v
HQ. Do cn tch cht ny ra trc khi tng hp. Phng php ch yu l phng
php chng ct phn on.
3
Khi lng ring ca SM khong 0.88g/ cm
Th tch chng ct trong bng th tch ban u.
b. Cng thc tng hp PS:
PS c tng hp bng phng php trng hp nh tng. Khi lng ring ca nh
tng c to khong 0.97g/ cm 3 .
Th tch phn ng bng ln th tch ban u. khi lng tng hp mt m l M(g).
Cng thc tng hp PS:
Acid oleic 2g
NaOH 0.4g
H2O 100g

SM 50g
MEKP 1g

Co 2 0.2g
 Tng 153.6g

Khi lng cc cht cn thit:

2
macid M
153.6

0.4
mNaOH M
153.6

100
mH 2O M
153.6

50
mSM M
153.6

1
mMEKP M
153.6

0.2
mCo2 M
153.6

2. Qu trnh tng hp:

a. Chng ct SM:
Cn SM cho vo bnh cu theo tnh ton, cho vi vin bt. lp h thng theo dng
chng ct phn on, cho vo 0.01%HQ so vi SM.
Gia nhit chng ct SM. Ly SM nh phn on 145 145.7 .
Khi lng ho cht trong bnh cu cn 15 20% so vi ban u nht s tng ln
r rt. Dng chng ct, tho dng c, phn cn li ra ngoi v ra bnh cu.
b. Tong hop PS:
Gii thch quy trnh:

H2O c cho vo bnh cu theo cng thc tnh ton, lp h thng theo dng
tng hp hon lu. NaOH c ha tan vo nc. sau acid oleic c a vo t
t v khuy mnh to nh.
2+
Sau 30 pht, Co c a vo phn tn trong h nh ha.

Sau SM c a vo phn tn trong h. Gia nhit n 90 , nhp MEKP

vo tin hnh phn ng trng hp.
Sau thi gian 3h, ly mu ra kim tra: mu c ly khong 1 ml vo cc 50 ml, nh
HCl 20% vo t t v lc u cho n khi nh b ph hon ton. Nu c xut hin ht
rn th phn ng c th xem l kt thc.
H nhit phn ng cn 30 . Cho HCl 20% vo t t ph nh. Sau hn
hp c ra cc v tch ht PS bng phng php lng, ly tm hoc lc.
Sau ra ht rn li nhiu ln vi nc ct. Sy ht 80 trong 6h.
VI. Kim tra mu:
Mu PS sau khi tng hp c ha tan trong dung mi ri o nht c trng, v
o phn tn c ht bng ry.
o DSC ca m xc nh nhit chuyn thy tinh v nhit chy mm ca sn
phm.