I [- ] 3 d 2005

Hari: Hi Hema, What's new? has played (has + past participle) = p

( , N-?) [.
Hema: Every thing OK. Thank you. How is has been playing (has been + ing) =
[-
the world with you? -o[.
( C. y o?) 2(a) She has been working here since
Hari: Good so far, Thanks. the opening of the office.
(p C.) \[verb- has been working = (has been +
Hema: I've (I have) been waiting here for the ing) \[ v-G-#--p < \[
bus for the past twenty minutes. It EhC.
hasn't turned up. By the way, Where (p # p ).
are you coming from? 2 (b) verb has + pp - E-
( 20 EN-- ] h- -C E. Prakash: I've (I have) been trying to talk to/
( --E= to call; B[= lift)
o. C p ]. -F, for , since : x-] \--j x- discuss with him something. I
y-\ # h-o?) haven't (have not) found the time.
turn up = [, [ a)Eo -, Eo V-, o-x ?
for the past (so many) hours/ days/ (= perhaps) Prasad: This work has been keeping him
by the way- topic a--E
years . 5) v: -- E h-o[. busy since saturday. He hasn't
Hari: From college. I have been going
b) j #, V #, Jh -]. found the time even to see the doc-
round the college for my certificates
tor.

p[ ...!
for the past three days. They haven't -q # since . v: v-V- - N
(since = #) x-f-E v-Ao-h-o. -- Prakash: What's (What is) his problem?
(have not) made them ready yet. The
He has worked/ has been working here for j --]. Prasad: For the past (one) week he has
clerk hasn't (has not) been attending
the past 2 years/ since 2003 (2005- v: E E- # G@ been having a bad cold and
college since the college reopened
headache.
last week.
([ V- Jd--x - 6) Jayanth: Have you read (gone through)
d A--o. Rx E today's paper?
-]. ] - J- Jayakar: We haven't received/ got the
#--p # x\ [ ]) paper yet/ so far. Of late we
Hema: I understand your trouble. have been getting the paper
late.
have been waiting, have
j -- (of late = lately = ]u)
been going, has been attending verbs
Jayanth: Haven't you
form- have been + ing/
-E- . O (have you not)
has been + ing. O L- ? 2=2003) -C. d ---E complained to
I, We, You and They have been+ ing;
for the past 50 years - since 1955 (2005- -E j --]. the agent?
He, She, It has been + ing
[. (j -[ = not find the time;
50=1955) Jayakar: I have been
form verb present perfect continuous
= even)
C - -E-. complaining
tense . Shyam: What have you been doing since v: N u? since sunday.
(] lesson verb form-
this morning? v: - -, --p He hasn't
have + PP/has + PP - Present Perfect tense)
have been + ing/has been + ing J-Eo (]l# h-o? p[ ) C. cared. Since M. SURESAN
Ramu: I have been studying for exam sunday we've
sentences J-Q-L-. -- #a tomorrow. (have) been getting the paper at
have + PP, has + PP o u- J-- ( K ]---o p[ ) 7:30 AM. What's the news in the

x 27
a. Shyam: How many chapters have you cov- paper?
ered? Jayanth: The paper has reported a terrorist
(p Eo dx Jh--?) attack in Kashmir
Ramu: I have finished nine chapters so far. Jayakar: How many have died?
(-- NtC dx Jh--) 6) : V C-? Jayanth: Eight. The terrorists have set fire
Shyam: How long have you been using your -: -- ]. the Government Hospital.
scooter? ]u -u
(y -- F \- - hC (get [).
-T-h-o?) : - complain -?
Ramu: It has been serving me well for the -: C- # complain ho.
last two years. It hasn't given me any F [ d-[ ].
trouble. V # [-o-
(-x C ----[-C. hC. N x N?
v y-].) (d-----[ = not care).
: Qtx v-Jd J# vo: How do you do? n N?
... -E- ! DE - pL?
Jd C.
1) have + pp/ has + pp - v # ] v-, K--
-: -C E----N?
p J-T - [. : E-N-C-C. v-y--vAE v-J- : How do you do? -
2) have been + ing/ has been + ing -
d ---d. ?/-o?/--o?
v # --o - (---d[ = set fire) expression -o- d--]--
[.
3) -u so far, for the past, for the last, Answers: J J- --p[ . x
Tendulkar has been playing cricket ... 1) How long have you been working here? J- - 'How do you do?' E -
since have + pp/has + pp; have been
1. a) Tendulkar has been playing cricket for + ing/ has been + ing- verb [- 2) How many movies have you seen so far -Jh. ] -L x p] How
the past fifteen years. (since 1989/1990) . O have + pp/has + pp this month? do you do?. yA # How are you
b) Tendulkar has played cricket for the already (p-), yet (... ]) 3) I have been reading/ I have been a reader [.
past fifteen years (since 1989/1990). h-. of this paper for the past ten years. vo: I have finished my work.
2. a) She has been working here since the C u- English practice . 4) Ramana: Has Ashok come? Have I finished my work.
opening of the office. Ravi: No. I've (have) been waiting for I haven't finished my work.
b) She has worked here since the opening
1) O \[ E h-o?
2) p O Eo E- him for the past half an hour. DE interrogative- have In't finished
of the office. Ramana: Have you phoned him?/ Have my work? C j- ?
1 (b), 2 (b)
?
n O 3) -x ]---o/ you called him? . -A, -[-
:
1(b) (for) / 1989-
[-\ C---x Ravi: I have been trying to phone him/
90 (since)
-- o (reader [). 'Haven't I finished my work? C
# v [ (p). 4) : a? ring him up/ call him for the past
sentence verb- has+ PP. half an hour. No one in his place
E Jh -? ( E-
1(a)
N: ]. E --
DEE a. h-o (wait [). has lifted the phone. Jh ?) n d.
1(a) Tendulkar has been playing cricket for Ramana: Perhaps they have all gone I haven't finished my work C, Have
the past fifteen years/ since 1989-90
: y ?
somewhere. you finished your work? question
answer d. j u present perfect
1(a) verb- has been + playing (has been +
N: - --E -- v-
5) Prasad: Phani has been doing that work
Ao-h-o. Rxx B-
ing). continuous tense J# N- C.
for the past half an hour. He has-
DE n [-\ C---x ].
cricket [.
n't (has not) yet completed it.
(198990 #) [--o[ ().
I [- v 5 d 2005

Sukumar: My bike has been giving trouble have + pp/ has + pp --T ]s
since monday. I haven't been able
to find a good mechanic. 1) (-) j LE past actions.
(- # j v 2) p--# p--- (p-[-p[)
hC. # -E -- --o - (actions from then till
x]) now/ (sometimes) even now;
Sudheer: Why don't you try my mechanic? 3) just N --p[ p --
He has been attending to my bike - (actions just completed).
for a long time now, and he has
Have been + ing/ has been + ing: p-
done a good job of it so far.
( -E- ] -- --j vi, --o -.
Ram: How long have you been waiting here?
[]? j h-[.
(y \[ p# Rx- -a. (at all =
p--x?) )
p--- [).
I have been to Mumbai Suneel: I went there last saturday.
Sukumar: I haven't thought of it. Thank you.
ho?)
Raghu: I have been waiting for you for ten (I have gone to Mumbai ]). ( E- x I/we went [-
Let's take my bike to him.
minutes now. jo x (E AJT #a y G). a.)
( N -- -#--
(C EN-- F We have been to Chennai.
]. j \- B-.)
(We have gone to Chennai ]) sentences English practice .
Sudheer: He hasn't opened shop yet. 10 o'
ho).

x... Rx a?
I, We 'have gone' [. N subjects 1) K: O, Eo v Nyx .
clock will be OK. \ situation -E-. \---x?
'I have been waiting for you for the past ten
[-a. N: Eo \u d V. Rx-
x.

(-E --]. 10 - minutes (for ten minutes now) E -

R J--C). J -o[? . p[? #a C u [
Sukumar: OK then. I haven't (have not) had y... #a o[ d wait- a) x -J x.
my bath and breakfast yet. I will ing hx . have been waiting They have gone to the US/ They have left
be at your place by 9.30. E -o[. for the US.
( o -]. v-d I have waited for you for ten minutes now - b) ou Mx x[.
-]. O 9.30 ]. My brother has left for/ My brother has
x h). \[ have been waiting/ have waited gone to Delhi.
Sudheer: OK () [ d. [- c) j]-- Rx a.
have + pp/ has + pp, have been + ing/ has ]l ]. We have been to Hyderabad.
been + ing - -- continue -C d) - Rx--a.
. E continuity I have been to Bangalore.

}
I He has+pp

}
vu yLq h
we have+pp She has been+ have been + ing/ has
you It ing been + ing better.
they have been+ing a) x - x. Sudha, where have you been?

M. SURESAN b)
They have gone out.
Lx-]-v[ j]-- x 28 K: y ]u -- i
x. --o?
My parents have gone to Hyderabad. / i Rx--a/Rx-a. N: ]. -p[ o[.
\[ -E-. I/ We have been to Mysore. K: y-p-[- x?
a) They have gone x x-E . N: -x x. J y?
x AJT ]. x J \[ n, J x K: -- x-]. j]-
vo: 1) Will she have played?
a, x---o J J# E . x-].
a E. a) Smitha: Do you know Mumbai well? 2) : O o---\[?
Will she has played? b) My parents have gone to Hyderabad (F ?) F: ---x.
2) He never uses pencil. x j]-- x--J L, - b) Sridhar: Oh, Yes. I have been there a : \---x?
He never use pencil. j]-- J L E. p[ number of times. F: x v .
3) Which is your native place? C [ ( . -\- : ---C --Rx? (has
What is your native place? I have gone to Hyderabad. -x x.) been v [)
4) At what time does Bangalore F: -
express reach Bangalore?
Dn j]-- x E n N subjects
j]-- x JF (on the way to [-a. Answers:
At what time Bangalore express Hyderabad) , j]-- JF L E Mithun: How familiar is he with Chennai? 1) Karim: Ravi, you were not at home yes-
reaches Bangalore? . famil-
( jo ? terday. Where did you go?
ux N j-N? E -J p--? iar= L [[/ J- [[) Ravi: Yesterday was my sister's birthday.
5) 'God' third person
! J 'God v-- (fellow passenger) - I went to her place.
Mittal: He has been there a number of times.
L F 'God bless
blesses you' . j]-- J y I have gone to Karim: Have you met Jayakumar, of late?
you'
( \- -x x[
E ]? Hyderabad E -. \[ J-nA. - J# Ravi: No. He is in Mumbai
6)
F ? uEo Tx- j]-- # AJT #a y j]-- Karim: Have you ever been to Mumbai?
'Do you know?'
E)
E h. F Rx--a-E p[. d English C Mithun: Have you ever been to Chennai? (ever = p-j)
L-? uEo Tx- p--E I have gone to Hyderabad J-] (y-p-j jo x? \[ Ravi: I have been there a number of
L? . We () u. Have you gone Have you times. What about you?
. P, jy--[ u-i Karim: I haven't (have not) been there so
: O ux CN
been [[ #C.)
Mittal: I haven't (have not) been there so far. I haven't been even to
I/ We 'have gone' verb ]. ]-
Correct. far . Hyderabad. (even = )
1) Will she have played?
F F \--j Rx #a y 2) Sumanth: Where's (where is) your father?
2) He never uses pencil
\- x -. E English- 'have ( \- -- x-].)
Sunil: He has gone out.
gone' ]. 'have gone'/ 'has gone'- Rx-- n
3) What is your native place? Sumanth: Where did he go?
Saritha: Sudha, where have you been? v hC. Rx AJ-T--#a J-nA J# Sunil: He went to his friend's.
4) At what time does the Bangalore
express reach Bangalore?
(, \-[-o -?) p]. (friend's= v .friend's house
Sudha: I have been to college. Suneel: I returned from Delhi the day before. friend's home friend's
5) 'God bless you' 'May God
Jh- . y-].
( -- Rx a). ( )
Mx # o AJT a. best)
bless you' 'May'
Qq. C-
\[ I have gone to college n Sumanth: Why did you go there at all? Sumanth: How long has he been out?
'God bless you' . hC? -- x (\ o) When did you go there? Sunil: He has been out for half an
6) Don't you (Do you not) konw? (F
M?) E. \ J- x - ]. ( \- ] x? hour now.
I [- C 7 d 2005

Gowtham: Hi Jagadeesh, it's you! How long ( h -u h. --

have you been here? u.)
(-D, y? -- \[ Sumeet: I'll (I will) be there till 7.30. Don't
o? C --J. worry.
u -- ( 7.30 . vK .)
xj E-#--p[ - j -- 'shall be', 'will be'- be forms
-T--a.) d [-Eo .
Jagadeesh: I've (have) been here since the
day before. I joined an I-CET
shall + 1st RDW/will + 1st RDW - shall
come, will go, shall see, will meet -
coaching centre here yesterday.
verbs N-u-h -- .
(o # \ o. \[
# - a) I shall be there tomorrow.
\[ . I, We shall future [[E, E 3) -. \[ C
.)
Gowtham: How long will your course last? b) I shall go (shall + 1st RDW) there tomor- -[F #a ] (indefinite). V . -- AJT h.
row. 1. I/We shall be there tomorrow. 4) : O-p--h?
(O q - C?
last = [[) (shall go = action)
\- . (/ \[ /. y: a- h. (Jh u
Jagadeesh: It's a forty day course, so it will C u- J-Q-L-. [[ (indefinite) #a]) practice )
2. I/We shall meet you there.
continue for another forty days.
: Jd--q Fo h?
a) x \[ .
(/ Eo \[ --/ -- y: Fo B--. u-i- h.
(C j V q. 40 They will be here tomorrow.
#a] J-T --C : O vU Jd-- h?

\[ will, p[ shall?
V u -C.) b) (action).
x \- h
Gowtham: Shall we meet this evening?
].) y: C --? (necessary
( V v -l?) [)
Jagadeesh: Certainly. Where shall we meet?
: a- p[ h?
(p-. \[ l?) y: a - h.
Gowtham: I will return home at 5 PM. We will Answers:
meet then at my home. 1) We shall meet again tomorrow.
( ] - h. 2) When will you start for college tomorrow?
p[ x l.) 3) I shall go to Mumbai tomorrow. I shall be
They will come here tomorrow (will + come there for 10 days. I shall return by the
d I/ We shall h future
- action)
#a-E state of being ([-[)-E, E month end.
c)
(action) E -C.
Sx \[ . 4) Jayanth: When will you come?
We shall be here again tomorrow.
you, he, she, it and they will , Jaswanth: I shall come next week.
d) \- AJ-T-h. C- #a-E (indefinite) N-u-h L- Jayanth: Will you bring all the certifi-
We shall return here tomorrow.
shall be, will be- N-u-h [[
--hC. [[ , E cates?
. Jaswanth: I shall not bring all of them. I
shall + 1st RDW/ will + 1st Regular Doing
Word (RDW) = (action)
N-u-h E--[ 3. My friends (they) will be here next week. shall bring only the important
shall p[, will p[? N
vq a- \[ . ones.
([[ #a-]) Jayanth: Will you bring the degree certifi-
]-s-N? v-h -E-.
4. She will help you. cate?
Pradeep: I shall buy a car soon.
F hC (indefinite = Jaswanth: Is it necessary/ Will it be nec-
( y ) #a-])
Pratap: When will you buy it? essary?
(p[ ?) 5. You will know it soon. Jayanth: When will you come next week?
(FC y- -hC indefinite) Jaswanth: I shall come next Thursday.
6. It will happen.
(C --C Indefinite)

x 29
7. Kiran (He) will return soon.
Indefinite)
When will you be free? ( y- AJ-T--h[
8. Kamala (She) will shop for saris tomorrow.
Jagadeesh: I will make it then. Bye. Pradeep: Depends. I expect some money
( < C Indefinite)
next week. Once I get it, I will buy
( p- h. j) Questions I
vo: They cut forests- cut V1 N-
it.
-u ---p[
j ---E verbs -E-. and we will
E, you, he, she, it and they
have been - -- [-Eo L-- (a [s L. C shall E . Questions ? V2 N-?
hC. (since = -j # ) C .) -p[I and we shall; you, he, she, it and
u-E passive form-
joined (yesterday) - Past Doing Word - past Depends = j v- E
they will v [. Forests are cut by them/ Forests
action time known . N- O] --- - J# Preethi: I want to see you about those were cut by them - C
Fo L-. -- h p--p[ It all depends/ depends . books. When shall I see you? d?
verbs: C conversational bit. Practice O - ( h- N- Eo --- x- [, Lx-x
: They cut forests- \[ 'cut' V1
1) will last (will + last - 1st Regular Doing - [. -o. p[ -?)
Word) --: Prema: When will you be free?
2) will continue (will + continue - 1st Regular Prameela: Will you help me with a little
(F-p[ BJ?) ( past simple). V2 p[ verb ].
Doing Word) money?
Preethi: When will you be free? Shall I see
p-j V2 (Past Participle) ] 'be'
3) shall meet (shall + meet - 1st Regular ( Cl [s h?) form F, have, has, had etc F #a--p
you tomorrow?
Doing Word) Pramoda: It all depends, I expect some verb. ]-sEo d forests are cut, forests
money tomor-
(F BJ--p[? Eo - were cut [ d.
4) will return (will + return - 1st Regular Doing
vo: -E ing form a[ x C
row. If I get it,
?)
Word) Prema: That's OK. ()
5) will make (will + make - 1st Regular Doing I will give it. noun -? verb -? -
Preethi: Will the books (they) be with you
Word) (It all depends/ depends --[ ? walking, eating, giving
tomorrow?
6) will meet (will + meet - 1st Regular Doing = p p-. verb forms -?
( h- F ]_--?)
Word) [s h F-h. Prema: Will your father (he) get new books noun forms -?
Fo shall/ will + 1st Regular Doing E-y[, -Lq this evening? v , --o
Word (I RDW) form six
: 'ing' form Jh noun -C. 'ing'
, [sj -- C)
vD ], 'I shall buy' M. SURESAN
(O o- h h-
forms of verb N V form . v h?) form ] 'be' form verb ]E
(shall be/ will be- 'be' forms. N [ E, y 'I will buy' -o[. v '...will j -- questions Eo- I/we ] -J L--.
vo: He is Ravi u subject C?
future (N-u-h) [-Eo ) you buy it?' E [---o[ ? C shall; you, he, she, it, they will [
Sumant: Where will you be at 7 this evening? -E-. .
I and we + shall (I, We shall); you, he, she, He o, Ravi o !
(v [ \[ p[ C u- English practice
it, they + will (you, he, she, it, they will) -], --A--
: He is Ravi u subject he.
?) .
Sumeet: I will be at home. (x ) #aE N-u-h L--- 1) Sx --.
Sumant: I shall be a little late. Please wait for h. Future #a, Eo d 2) -- p[ ----? (start Sentence- 'He'E J# C d
me. shall, will [. subject.
for [)
I [- 9 d 2005

Pranav: Mom, I will go to the first show today. d I/We + will Eg-Eo L--hC.
(t, V d- -.) 2) I/We will x--J l-Eo (intention)
Narmada: You shall finish your home work
first.
L--hC.
a) SriRam: What do you want to Shravan?
(y ] \ JhL.) Shravan: I will be (will become) a doctor.
Pranav: Tapan, my friend, will be here in a
few minutes. We will finish our
( d- / d---
homework together.
(l) will be/ become
( v Cl EN-x \--- l (intention)).
b) Praneetha: My friend Pratibha will be
h[. ]l L \ - here in a few minutes.
) Prasanna: We will take her home, then.
Narmada: Look here, Pranav, You shall see tomorrow?
the next movie only a month later.
( B- 7) Ng: -x x.
l (intention)) y: -J v x. Prasanthi: I am/ shall be at home all the
I will not allow you to waste your day tomorrow.
Praneetha: Later, I will take you and her to Ng: vt x?
time. Santhisri: But I shall go to Guntur tomor-
a movie. We will have some y: [-x
(Sx y E time together. row.
N h--[]. Eo x- x[. Prasanthi: When will be back?/ When will
(y Eo, E-
E-y.) B--. j L- 8) vA: y ? (won't you return?
Pranav: But if my friends invite? you [.) Santhisri: I shall go to Chennai in a week
we will have (inten-
( vq Lh?) tion)) AX: y x p[ ? and from there return.
Narmada: I will tell them they shall not invite. Prasanthi: I shall buy a cell phone tomor-
3) I/we will
vA: x .

y...!
You shall study well, and get good #a-x row.
marks. Dad and I will allow you to (Promise). AX: J- .
Santhisri: Will you be in touch with me
watch movies only then.
(Eo ]lE x .
y CN # \
a--L. p y E-
[-E , o --Ah.)
j -- verbs o -E-
. ] lesson
Go I, and We will; you, he, she, it and
they shall a . from tomorrow ?
a) Surekha: Teacher, I have some doubts in
-J h--a-. vA: Sx p--h? 9) Tarun: Hi Varun, How are you?
English.
I/We shall; you, he, she, it and they will (, Tx- Eo - AX: y jo Rx \ # Varun: Fine. Thank you. How are you?
#a--E N-u-h L---h. shall be, o.) AJT h. Tarun: Fine. Have you joined MBA?
will be N-u-h [-Eo, shall + 1st Teacher: I will clear all your doubts. Don't vA: - . Varun: I haven't (have not) decided yet.
Regular Doing Word (1st RDW), will + 1st worry. AX: # Tarun: I have joined MCA. I joined the
RDW N-u-h - Lh. (F --Fo B-h C ? institute yesterday.
p[ I/We will; you, he, she, it and they teacher's promise) 9) : , -? Varun: My father has been out of town for
shall EE L-h l. b) Prasanth: Dad, the course costs Rs. the past four days. I am waiting for
1) I/We will x-[--o-x Eg-Eo
: , -...
20,000/- a year. him. Decision is possible only after
y o?
L--hC. Dad: Don't you worry son. I will give you he comes back.
I will buy a car soon. : o.
#a- y C G-
Eg. ?
I shall buy a car soon. : Eg-
--o [
#a ].
x 30 ---].
:
a) Teacher: You will get a prize only if you all the money you want. Just study . Eo M. SURESAN
score more than 90% marks.
(90 o \ \
well and come out with success.
I will
-d-u- . vo: a) The meeting will be held on tomor-
row evening sentence tense
(F Lq- [s Eh : o V- x
a- F wj hC). give; I will - promise -
Ramana: OK Teacher, I will work hard.
. h-o. ]-C? tense voice
y[) #a y Eg B- N?
I will do my best to get the c) Vijay: I want to contest in the coming
. b) Definite article 'the'E \[ --
more than 90% municipal elections.
( d- ]--. 90% Answers: T-L. The French, The whip E
(a Eq- Eo-x ---- -a?
o \ a-E v- --o.) 1) I will go to Chennai tomorrow.
Ao-h I will - Eg) .. v, N--o
:
Vinai and Vikram: Go ahead. We will sup- 2) We will not let them come here.
Teacher: Will you and Mohan come to port you. a) 'will be held tomorrow evening'
3) I will give you whatever book you want.
me tomorrow? I will clear your (on tomorrow evening verb-
J-]). \[
(. Eo d h 4) We will meet the CM tomorrow.
doubts. We will support - promise) will be held.
5) We will not allow such things. Tense: future simple/ indefinite.
( y, ]_-J Vijay: I will file my nomination then.
h? -i ( N-- h Eg) 6) Bharat: Shall I go now? Voice: passive.
B-h I will - Eg) Vinai and Vikram: We will help you with Bhargav: Where will you go? b) The French French
vq -n.
b) Rahim: Will you buy that car? money also. Bharat: To college french .
Bhargav: When will your friends come? 'The'
Promise)
[ h N- y hC.
vo: Eo curd ? curds
( ?) ([s h
Rasheed: I will buy it whatever the price. Bharat: Won't you (will you not) join us
I will -
C u English practice .
( K-j . for the picnic tomorrow? ?
1) #a- jo .
7) Vishnu: I have been to Mumbai quite a
Eg) . -, y-
c) Teacher: Will you all come for the picnic
on sunday?
2) x \- Ey.
3) F h -Lq h. number of times. : 'Curd', 'curds' [ d.
Eshwar: I have been there too; just once. curd y singular verb, curds y plu-
(O C- o h?) 4) p- - h. ral verb L. The curd is tasty.
Vishnu: Has Brahmam too been to
Pupils: We will come, teacher. 5) N --Ey (such things,
Mumbai? The curds are tasty.
vo: 'Obey the parents' u-E
we will -
(h Eg) allow [).
d) Kumar: Won't you see that movie? Eshwar: He has been to Mumbai just pas-
( E [? Won't you=
6) : E-p[ x? once or twice. sive N?
will you not)
_: \ -? 8 )Prasanthi : Won't you come home to . , y-
Peter and John: We will see it, of course. : -- -. me?/ Won't you come to our : Let the parents be obeyed.
(#a- h. _: O vq p--h? place? sentences passive
'-
]) : x o- y ? Santhisri: When will you be at home C.
I [- 11 d 2005

Sumathi: Hi, Vimala, well met. When shall You, he, she, it and they will -
we sit to plan our holiday? Indefinite future.
(#a--E)
( N! ---[ you, he, she, it and
p[ j --
#-jC. M x --E they shall
]-s
p[ a?) ] #a --
Holiday = n . 1) #a- future -----o N-
n \j - Rx .
V E. a) It shall be this evening.
Vimala: Why not this evening? I shall be v C #a- -C/---
away from tomorrow onwards. C, -L/--yL.
( v ] a-[]? b) She shall come.
# G@ .) p- h-C/--L. steno shall stay longer than all of y L (ccommand)
why not = ] []? c) He shall join. you. I have a lot of letters to dictate, e) They shall stay too.
Sumathi: It shall be this evening then. You p- h-[/--L. and she shall take out their print command)
x \[ L. (c
shall be here at 7 PM. d) They shall not. outs before tomorrow morning. For f) My steno shall stay.
( V v x -[]/ two more days the office shall work command)
d \[ L (c
a. - y \[ e) You shall be here. till 7PM. g) She shall take print outs.
L.) Ny-\[ L. (x p- . -
Vimala: How about Sourabha? Won't she Manoj: How long am I to be here, Sir?
v-x p- BL (c

L... p]!
x M [-[]. command)
(will not she) join us? (-- \[ ?)
( -? ?)
Sumathi: She shall come, ofcourse. She has
promised me.
( p hC. h-E
#aC.)
Vimala: What about Sudhakar, Your cousin?
(O > - -?)
Sumathi: He shall join us too.
( p- h[.) Officer: You shall be here till 7 in the d O ]-J- \-- h) The office (it) shall work.
Vimala: Won't Neeraj and Kalyan come? evening. C. x d E--L (c command)
(F, u [ ?) (y \[ v -- L. ]--E-x p-E- -hC you, he, she, it and they
Sumathi: Why they? They shall not. I don't L c) shall c (Commands/ orders) ya.
like them. Manoj: Why so long, Sir?
(x-]? x -[]. d ]) (- ]-?) [.
i) You shall not smoke here.
-- you, he, she, it and they Officer: You shall finish all this work and then
x 31
shall [ -E-. only go.
y \[ t --[].
j) O public, university exams answer books
It shall be; (y E Jh xL.)
She shall come; Manoj: I want leave on Friday Sir.
instructions Fo shall [
He shall join; (v- L.) .
-J v-x B--L. i) No candidate (he/she) shall bring any slips
They shall (not); Officer: You shall not [ \ V v of paper into the exam hall.
You shall be go on leave till E-L.) (K - T xp B--
-- --C J h--- Monday. You
. shall stay here
-- Officer, you, he, she it and --[]. - order)
they shall [[ -E-. [[ ii) Absolute silence shall be observed.
1) I/We shall; you, he, she, it and they as long as I
c (commands) y--E. (Jh Ezl -L order)
will #a--E N-uh (Indefinite future) want you to.
you, he, she, it and they shall c- vy v, E-] Eox you, he,
L--h. (- (commands) LhC. she, it, they shall c- [[ O
2) I/We will Eg-- (decisions), d- a) You shall be here. Ea. Court orders .
l- (intentions) L--h. -[]. M. SURESAN command) orders K --Eyou, he, she, it and they
3) I/We will promise --E - - Ny-\[ L (c
b) You shall finish. C--J- (official) , -C--J
[. - Ny-\[ -Lq.) command)
y Jh L (c (unofficial) 'shall' [-.
-E-# N- v- Manoj: What about the others Sir?
c) You shall not go on leave. English practice
I/We shall - Indefinite future (N sC --?) C u . ]-
command) shall, will
I/We will - Officer: They shall stay too. They shall not
y d--[] (c sEo d [ [.
determination (Eg) d) You shall stay. 1) ---O y --[] (such= -
apply for leave either, till Monday. My
).
vo: a) Infinitives N? ( -E DEo 'I had been there when the func- 2) y \ - (order).
b) 'to + have +V3' n C) tion began exactly at 6', E Jh 3) -v-E-x E Jh--L.
N? c) To \ be F being [- p- sentence j n hC. 4) Ram: Sx p[ \?
sentence (a) Raghu: y Sx \- -[].
c) to
\ being be ]. DE j n
i) I like to be here for sometime. hC. (b) function
u-E n - Ram: y x-[--[].
E n N? Raghu: y E Jh--L. y
. y--, ( \[ E d J- viC. ]
: a) Infinitives J# --
-o.) \[ o E. o ---L.
ii) I object to being treated as a vo: a) Would E ]-sx - Ram: -v #a- E
] #a x N-J C stranger. -T-h? Jh-h.
[. Raghu: -v-E y E Jh-
(o h [E b) Let you write p?
b) to have + V3 - V3 past partici- u- --o.) -L.
vo: O x --
ple. To have + V3 ---:
p? ]? Answers:
to have gone, to have killed, to have
P-v-, \ 1) You shall do no such thing/ You shall not
done etc.
#a I was there exactly at 6
when the function began : do any such thing.
i) He seems to have done it. 2) You shall be/ shall come here at 7 tomor-
uEo 'I had been there exact- a) 'would'Eo y- NJh.
( E [ -d C (past row.
ly at 6 when the function began' b) Let you write - C p. Let -
j J-T-x E--#C). 3) You/He/She/They shall finish/ complete
ii) They appear to have killed the tiger.
E -a? ] ux N- the work by tomorrow.

:
(Tiger -past
E--C-- - x E #o, x J. -u Let 'you' 4) Ram: When shall I come here again?
a) I was there exactly at 6
x p[ E-h-o.) [[ []. \-J [-a. Raghu: You shall not (shan't) come here
when the function began. DE n
iii) I like to have gone with them. You let yourself into the room, when he again.
function begin --p[ -\[ -
(x Rx [--E d[- opens the door. Ram: You shall not (shan't) talk like that.
d J- o E. Function
o x Rx--. ( --, y v-P Raghu: You shall finish the work. Then
begin [ J-, -\[ oC
p[ x-[o.) E n. \[ yourself only you shall see/ meet me.
She likes to sing.
J- E. Ram: I'll (I will) finish the work by this
b) I had been there exactly at 6 when reflexive [ -E-)
( ----C) Let you write n y . evening.
the function began- C J-].
She likes to have sung 'write' JC . Raghu: You shall (finish), then.
I --- --E 13 -d 2005
Bhaskar: Good morning, sir. Will you give Father: You have wasted a lot of money,
me the books I've asked you for, already. you shall not waste any
sir? more money, understand.
(---Jo . --T h-- p- s %--.
-h?) . n--?
Teacher: Yes, Bhaskar, they shall be with C a-J (Warning)
you this afternoon. Don't worry.
Son: I do, dad. It shall not happen again.
(N uo F _--, (n--C. C Sx - o-
?) C O Assurance)
Bhaskar: Moreover, I need your notes too,
Father: You shall keep an account of every
sir, for the next week's exam.
paise you spend. Father: You shall have the money. How
exam
(--, a- 3) Samuel: * novels \
(y a-d vA j \--L) much do you want?
O q L. --? (Available
Moreover=; notes- plural; Son: I will, dad. ( s F hC. ( F
note- singular) (I will-Eg \ Assurance) s h= I will give you the )
Samson: Read well book stores .
d you, he, she, it and they shall money. You shall have - C promise)
Teacher: You shall have them, what more? =at).
( \ O
(notes F-h. L?) 1) Orders/ commands 2) Warnings
L?) -Lq --C (get,
Parvathi: About Rs 10000/-
Bhaskar: My sister wants you to help her out 3) Assurances --C. whatever book )
with some of the lessons. Prem: I am going to contest in the next elec-
( C-) Samuel: p \-?
sister lessons Father: You shall have more than that. Don't Samson: Saturday v y p-
( Eo tions
worry.

shall, will - -- --C!

N- O L.) ( a Eo-x ----o) . Eo
Teacher: She shall have my help. Let her not Worry
-o \ h. l. p- \- B--.
worry, but she shall see me only in
forenoon. I am busy the next of the
day.
( C. F
o lo -L. N
- busy)
Bhaskar: She shall see you in the forenoon
only, sir, I assure you. You, he, she and Answers:
Ram and Swaroop: Go ahead. You shall
(sister NtLo l-- they shall C-- 1) We will attend the function.
have our total support.
sir) . 2) Gopi: Shall I take/ have/ borrow your
-hC, support
(--F, F Jh
Teacher: One of the books is rare. It shall 1)Orders/commands
C) bike for an hour?
not be lost or damaged. 2)Warnings
You shall have even our financial support. Govind: You shall not.
(x h -jC, 3)Assurances
( financial support
F p
C ,-*-J-T-- L. 4)Promise Gopi: It shall be back with you in just
Bhaskar: It shall not be, Sir.
C) M. SURESAN
\ you shall have our support C C uu- an hour.
'shall'
j -- J-Q-L-. O-o d p- English practice Govind: I will not give it (I won't give it).
p--- --o will, shall Promise *a-i y) . (-sEo d will, shall
-- h a-. You shall not trouble me any
i) I/We shall- you, he, she, it and they . N verb forms p--- more.
will- indefinite future (E-Pa N-u-h) --oN Lq a). 3) Samuel: Where are such good novels
--. 1) p- function h. (attend available?/ Where do we get
ii) I/ We will L-C:
a) Determination (Eg)
-x--- 32 ) such good novels?
2) Gopi: - F bike B-? Samson: At Readwell Book Stores. You
b) Intention (l)
c) Promise ( y) Govind: B--l. (Jh sentence shall get there whatever book
iii) You, he, she, it and they shall L-C. O hC.I/We will .) you want.
a) commands/orders (c) h. (Promise) Gopi:
you, he, she it and they shall C Sx F _ p- (you get E -a)
b) Definite future (N-u-h *a
promise -a.
C. Samuel: When shall we go there?
---N)
Parvathi: Dad, I want to take coaching of (It begin , back ) Samson: You come home to me/ come to
p Bhaskar, teacher u conversation
-E-: CAT. I need some money. Govind: E-y. o v my place on Saturday evening.
Shall u: CAT exam
(--o, coaching
ul. (will/shall v I will take you to the shop.
You, he, she, it and they shall : B------o. s L) )
1) They shall be with you this afternoon =
N u-o-E F _ . vo: 1)O The Egg (C ) -E p. an egg - { -----C. The umbrella in that
-- E u-o-E F h-/- E --? corner is mine \ - ( o )
--) C O (Assurance)
2) She shall have my help= 2) The E p , p -- N- o d 'The umbrella' . ( ?
p C. C ---. h? E vo -E - h, The )
O (Assurance) 3) I had been watching the TV, I have been watching 2) 'The' - J* y N- --.
3) She shall see me only in the forenoons = the TV N-J---. 3) -- lesson have been J* N-J
l-- v o -- -yA, - . I have been watching the TV ----*
: 1) 'an egg' , 'the egg' C -s-
-L. (c)
4) She shall see you only in the forenoons =
p---/ O h-o, E. -- TV
l NtLo ---C. Eo-d C. - egg, egg h-o E.
(Assurance) n 'an egg' . eg: There is an egg on the I had been watching the TV (past) -
5) It shall not be lost or damaged. plate. (Plate () f C. \ f E v --E-- J-T-
(C -, *--- Warning - n -o d an egg. had been + ing.
a-J) - f E p--p the egg . He ate the egg I had been watching the TV when he came in =
6) It shall not be, sir =
on the plate. \ plateE egg ( egg? ques- ap TV h o. a
- -. (Assurance)
j six sentences
shall you, he, she, it, tion - the egg on the plate answer hC d) the --O v-G* a-- h o
they O-L-y--E, a-J y--E egg . The egg on the plate is for Ramesh. (PlateE E. -u EE J* p--p had been
. egg -). eg: An umbrella is useful in rain ( j- watching (had been + ing) verb from .
I [- 15 d 2005

PRONUNCIATION GUIDE Tara: u [--E v-

Countable singulars ] p article
Ao-h.
Chandra: y-p[
'a'
L. -u.
a book, a pen, etc.
--E .
Tara: -u -.
\[ 'a' pronunciation- ]. , \[ # p[ -
\[ J-]. \[ article 'a' pro-
e --?
nounce -Lq N] L h ' '. C Chandra: ] C (p-)
----C. d 'a ---.
book' =
2) Basheer: \[ p-[[?
'a pen' = etc.
Roshan:
about, above - ab- combinations ] D--C p-
Basheer: I shall be a little late. But you
e
a --Eo- 'a' E ' ' ( ) \[ [. E: y p L. D u
Basheer: ] ]---- . (D = That too) shall make every thing ready by
l --. 10.30 AM
about = ( \ -L) ].
x v L. v: y p-] #a-
Roshan: indefinite
(\[ I shall be)
d
above = ( \ -L) ].
p- v-C. h. O j v---
Basheer: h -u h- -? Roshan: What about refreshments for
. y v ] (y p-] = if you insist, insist = them?

Ux ]... Tx!
10.30 ]l L. N O] d-]- [[. p Basheer: Ameer shall take care of them.
3) Karim: You shall attend Namaz on Friday.

Roshan: ax Jv--q x-E d--[--o[ He insists on Kowser: I am new to this place/I am a

() -? going now) stranger here. Which Masjid
Basheer: N O -- E: v 4.15 v L. (Mosque) shall we go to?
[. (take care [) v: . Karim: There is one nearby. We shall go
3) Karim: y v- - L. to it. You shall come here at
Kowser: F J h. 12.30 PM. You shall not be late.
? (=Masjid or Kowser: I won't (will not) be late. Shall I
Mosque) bring along my friend?

x 33
Karim: \- ]_-- C. Karim: Don't you know that much?
What shall we discuss at the meeting? E. uo 12.30 According to the Koran you shall
bring to prayer as many as pos-

Ny-\- L. u --
-- l- syllables . sible.
Answers:
[].
sentence ]'sen' syllable, tence Kowser: u . v 4) Priya: What shall we discuss at the
syllable -C. sentence C B-- 1) Chandra: I will be (I'll be) here tomorrow. meeting?
two syllables - o. ? My brother shall also be here. Janani: We shall/ We will/ Let us discuss
English (Tx Ux ]) -- Karim: v Tara: When shall I see you (meet the arrangements for the college
L-p[ - M? you) tomorrow, then? day next week.
E syllable N syllables Chandra: You shall come as early as Priya: Do you want me to come?/
\ \----. Eo stress v - possible. Your brother shall Shall I come?
. DEo dictionary ' h y - CE O- come too. You shall not be late. Janani: You shall come. That too, on
h. Tara: I'll (I will) try my best not to be time/ without being late.
' -
eg. English- English lEo \ -CE B-- M. SURESAN late. Priya: If you insist, I will come. Will the
---o-. Chandra: You are always late. Come meeting being on time.
a'bove - \[ b syllable
-L.
( v = According to early tomorrow at least. Janani: It shall at 4.15 PM.
\ stress Eo \ -L. the Koran) Tara: I will not be (won't be) late, I Priya: OK.
C u- Tx- practice . assure you. When shall we

O !
4) v: O- Jal? start from here?
1) Chandra: \[ (p) . (Ja-[ = discuss, meeting Chandra: We will start at 10 AM.
v] (p) [. = at the meeting)
Tara: Eo-p[ ---? E: a college day px 2) Basheer: When will Sharook be here? p Tx O
Chandra: F y O- Jal. Roshan: He shall be here at 10.10AM.
p Tx, vA\, [,
y L. O o (college day px = arrange- Basheer: The shooting shall begin at 11
>[, j]82
L. y u -- ment for the college day) AM.
# a.
Roshan: It shall (begin).
[]. v: o t-? email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

vo: Tx {vF -Lq - N English you, singular (y), p- J -) J# -o vo: I wish I had joined the Army.
N? plural (O). verb N- you sentences Past actions
N. j G I wish I joined Army.
V, E y p[ plural verb v L. p[Past Doing Word hC. j j [ ux C ]-s
: English-Telugu dictionary 'How are you?' (you p[ plu-
ral verb) 'I am fine' [ [.
u
forms
Regular actions
d.
d verb L? ]u N?
--- Telugu-English dictionary
vo: See, Watch ]u N?
, q-d-
---. , NJ- O - --E 'Are you
fine?' . 'How are you?', 'Are you
: 'I wish I joined the army'
- English - I see movie. p[ Army J -
OK?' [. I watch movie
L_ --. English x---p[
vo: Present Perfect Tense --p[
C E.
---[-C. . C d?Eg. n 'I wish I had joined the army!
vo: You, He, She N singular forms. EJl-d time/ period p !
O
N? Eg., Ex. C d.
-[, x
Army J
Singulars L-- ]
:
-C E.
verb singular L. F
I have coffee in the morning.
My mother has breakfast at 8 AM.
I see movies, I watch movies vo: Have been, has been, had been
W x How are you, [ d. am seeing/ is seeing/ - u ]-
Are you fine? . O are
E -d? are seeing [ d, E ] am sx --T-h? Have, has,
>. y, C-- watching/ is watching/ are watching had tensex [-?
: I have coffee in the morning.
] [-?
N, N--- L. . --, . -y--,
: English singular form of the My mother has breakfast at 8 AM. e.g.- C for example (---) --Lx
verb -LqC Eo singular subjects
sentences past actions
( J-T -) J# ]-
E abbreviation.
e.g.- C d. ex d ]. C exer-
: p Tx Lessons
]. III person- singular subjects x[C. Regular actions (v cise abbreviation.
have been, has been, have, has --
v singular verbs [. NJ. [.
I --- --- 17 -d 2005
Prasad: Pranav, When shall I see you disappointed if you don't get a
again? seat in medicine.
(-v--, Sx Eo-p --?) (F medicine seat -
Pranav: Will you meet me tomorrow at 4? E----)
( -T- ---?) Sumanth: My teachers (they) will be sad too
Prasad: Where shall I meet you ? if I don't make it to medicine .
(\ --?) ( medicine ---
Pranav: Will you come to LB Park? I will teachers ---)
meet you there. Dad: You will be happy to know that I
(LB Park h ? \ Eo am going to buy a bike for you.
---.) (F bike oE Lh y
Prasad: Will Pratap come with you too ----)
(v F h?) Sumanth: Really, dad? I shall be grateful to Anjali: p-. F - C. Sukumar: --o ?
Pranav : Of course, will you bring along your you for this. (you begin ) 3) Bhanu: -\ p--?
friends too? (E-? %-Vc-E) o -- p. Bhaskar: y -\ C---x L.
(-h-, O friends j : Happy, sad, disappointed, Ankita: -y t -UL. Uh? late --.
Bh) grateful - feelings uh--- -, (you . t U- = draw) Bhanu: 10 K ?
(bring along = B--) I/We shall; you, he, she, it, and, they Anjali: p U? Bhaskar: Meeting ----x begin
L. E arrangements

We shall be disappointed
, L. y
x supervise L.
Answers:
1) Anjali: Shall we go to a movie this
evening?
Ankita: When shall I complete my assign-
I shall be happy to meet them. Ankita: 12 -- ment?
(x ---- d ). v-G- Anjali: Will you come, or won't you?
Will they come? Will your sister l? Ankita: Then will you help me to com-
come too?
(x -h? O sister h-o) -x--- 34 Anjali: lunch
p l?
plete my assignment?
Anjali: Certainly, you shall have my help.
Prasad: Of course. I'll (I will) bring them Ankita: - F What do you want me to do? /
along. will ---. ( I/We Will -F, you, he, lunch p? What shall I do for you?
(p-, x B--h). she, it and they shall -F, , -- uo 2 M. SURESAN Ankita: You shall draw these pictures.
j -- -E- Questions , --n- p--E ) K Will you?
shall and will --. Questions p- late - -- Anjali: When shall I draw them?
C d : Ankita: Shall we begin at 12 noon?
I/We shall; you, he, she, it and they ?(K late = too late )
(will and shall -- Eo o. Anjali: When shall we have lunch, then?
will v h. ( I/ We will -F, 2) Sukumar: V-- \?
you, he, she, it and they shall -F ).
u formal, informal spoken English Ankita: When is your lunch, usually? will
Sunil: h-E-\ V?
eg: a) When shall I see you?
u-i-N. N -y- --.) 2 O' clock be too late for you?
b) Will you meet me? 2) Sukumar: Won't you (will you not) stay
Subjects Shall Will here for another two days?
c) Where shall I meet you?
d) Will you come? 1. Indefinite future 1. Determination Sunil: What shall I do here for two more
e) Will Pratap (he) come? I, We (E-Pa N-uh) (Eg) days?
f) Will they come? 2. Feelings & emotions 2. Intention (l) Sukumar: We shall/ will go sightseeing
g) Will your sister (she) come? (, --, -n-) 3. Promise here.
-u , -n-AE --L - 3. Questions (vo) ( y-) Sunil: You have already shown me all the
I / We shall; you, he, she, it
-p sights here.
and they will -. 1. Definite happens 1. Indefinite future Sukumar: There are still two or three
You, he, she,
Dad: Sumanth, this time I expect you (*a- ---- N-) (E-Pa N-uh) more places to be seen. We
it and they
to score better than last time. 2. Orders & Commands (c) 2. Feelings & emotions shall go there.
3. Warnings (a-J-) (, -- -n-) Sunil: Won't one day (will not one day) be
(J ---- \ Speaker enough?
\ -\ -h----o) 4. Assurances (O) 3. Questions (vo)
(x-- a) 5. Promises ( y-) Sukumar: Will you then stay here for
Sumanth: Sure, dad. I will do my best to get
atleast oneday?
100%
3) Bhanu: When shall I be here tomorrow?
(-p-. ---- -\-- - p CE English practice . Sukumar: -\ N h. Bhaskar: You shall be here at 10. You
-a- - ---h- %--h.)
O-j- shall/ will . shall not be late.
Dad: I shall be happy to see you get it. ( v- N, %u
1) Anjali: v E- ------? = sight seeing, go sight- Bhanu: Won't 10 be (will not 10 be) too
(y a- ---) early?
Sumanth: Why you alone dad? Mother Ankita: assignment p com- seeing E .)
plete ? Sunil: -Fo -p- -- - -! Bhaskar: The meeting shall begin at 11
(she) will be happy too.
Anjali: y h? ? AM Sharp. (Sharp= -d)
(O-\ o-, t Sukumar: y -Lq-N -
Ankita: assignment complete Balu and Babu shall make all
----C) v---o. \- ---. arrangements. You shall super-
Dad: We (your mother and I) shall be --E y ---? Sunil: V ?
vise them.

vo: 1) All the glitters is not gold --o. - ? Everyone, subject --p C not meet the CM. j-- Rx CM -
E--E All the glitters are not gold --L ? singular . -E verb singular ---).
2) Sweet are the uses of adversity. DE L. -x All that glitters is not gold 4) '-u priesthood -a.
Sweet is the uses of adversity E L is d. -u, priesthood Jh -n-Eo --y-. -
. 2) Sweet are the uses of the adversity- sentence -u --u--, priesthood --u-- --
3) Taking a stick, he beat the dog. d. Word order 'The uses of adversity are - --d.
Having taken a stick he beat the dog. sweet' -C. (Sweet are these fruits E poet- 5)a) He has been appointed by the DEO- DEO
j u- N? ic N-y . prose order/ con- -E--N---f- DEO -E appoint
4) --u -%AhE -Tx- -? versation , These fruits are sweet -- --C. \ has been appointed
5) He has been appointed by DEO ). The uses of adversities are sweet o- J-T-- EE -L--h-C.
He is appointed by DEO p subject C? The uses ? C plural, - b) He is appointed by the DEO- \ verb, 'is
- u- N p---. E verb are. appointed' --C regular action, passive voice -
3) Taking a stick, he beat the dog - v BE \ --E ( Job E- -E) DEO
:
.-.-,
d- -E. Having taken a stick, he beat the dog appoint h. --E /--p- --E.
1) sentence- verb subject d n v--a-o y , \ d (a: A lecturer is appointed by the commit-
C? Sentence No.1 'all' sentence d . j n tee lecturer committee x appoint
everything, every one of - vAD n (a: Having gone to Hyderabad, he could h - E/--p E.
I --- --v- 19 -d 2005
Namitha: Hi Namrata, What brings you a/an oN a/an EN
here?
a book advice
(- --v-, a) an interview business
C --J O conversation a friend work
Namratha: I want a book from you, and
an hour
advice from your father
a meeting
( F _--* h L. \ a/an book, interview,
O o-J L) friends, hour, meeting- OE countables
Namitha: What book?
. , , , 10, 20
Namratha: The book, 'How to face
E \--d--L-T-N.
Interviews'. I am attending an
book - one book, three books etc.
interview the day after. friend - one friend, two friends etc. 4) 'A' p? 'An' p? 2. Anil: O x TV ?
(How to face Interviews hour - one hour, three hours etc. -- Lesson N-J-*--x , Amar: vo? Vx TV E
h L . x meeting - one meeting, two meetings, , , , , , , , , , l- v x ?
Interview attend yL) etc. jFo countables.
Namitha: And what do you want my dad's
u English -- 'An' . ( Vx nowadays)
uncountables. \--d--EN. N l- v u Anil: v---J TV --?
advice? eg: Water - one water, two waters -

A, An --Lq-!
'a' . Ant (\ 'a' * l (... you mean )
( o-J ?) . , sugar, rice, milk, etc. Fo 'an') Amar: l C-. u---A
Namratha: I have got interview calls for numbers p. d N
admission in MBA in two col-
a) An Ant, An abode (); x--J TV C.
uncountables.
leges- Potti Sreeramulu
College, and Prakasam School
of Management. I want to know
from your dad which is the bet-
ter
(MBA --E col-
leges * interview letters
a. C * O o an arm, an egg();
--J-E --T ----E). An Indian (); 3. Kumar: \- _- j school
Namitha: Congrats. All the best. But my
An ox, an idea () etc. ?
dad is out on business. He's
(=He has) gone out to call on a
-x--- 35 an honour ();
an hour () etc
Karim: \ schools o.
Kumar: s * school
friend. b) a Tree, a Book etc L.
( o- E-O - -C---E v-h follow . University - () Karim: schools *.
}, friend - 1) English countables v plu- Kumar: O - school suggest
rals .
d a University M. SURESAN
--E). European - () (*-) h?
(call on= uhE - The PM ( v singular, d a European Answers:
called on the President yesterday). \ plural) N: A , An C 1. Suman: I want to see a good doctor.
Namratha: When will he be back? Singular Plural Suresh: I know a good doctor (around)
Countable Singular a d
(p AJ--h?) book books C. here.
Namitha: In an hour perhaps. pen pens (here E d. Around here \-
eg: a question - an important question
man men _- C conversational. --x
( ) a story - an uninteresting story
Namratha: I have work at home. Will he be child children
an idea - a useless idea .)
at home this evening? sheep (v) sheep (v) Suman: Does he charge high?/ Does he
a boy - an honest boy
2) uncountables \--d--EN. O plural charge a high fee?/ Does he
(x C. v 5) Uncountables A/an p .
x ?) . a Water, a milk ! charge high fees?/ Are his fees
Namitha: He has a meeting to attend. (milks, golds, silvers . milk, high?/ Is his fee high?/ Is he
gold, silver N uncountables d O
n -E English x---p
(- meeting C). h----Lq N-: expensive?
Namratha: Then I will see him tomorrow plural . Suresh: Yes. He does.
a) countables v singular, plural
morning 3) Very very important: English counta- (He charges high)
ble singular \ E- *a-

( -Eo --- h). b) countable singular A/ an - Suman: How much does he charge?
j -- underlined words 'a' F 'an' F L. Suresh: A hundred rupees the first time.
a) A cow (cow - countable singular) gives
Lq
? x Eo-- 'a' or 'an' c) Uncountables Plural (hundred, thousand, lakh, crore, million,
milk ( hC) etc - Fo countable singulars. d
o. --JEo- -. d) Uncountable A/ an .
b) An umbrella (umbrella- countable sin- O- p- 'a' L.
n ---Lq important
vo: Weak verbs, Strong verbs N? gular) is in that corner (
points:
132 = A hundred and thirty two.
C) 1500= A thousand and five hundred.
OE a-- p-E-? --- c) A watch (watch - countable singular) Uncountable , E plural
bank notes v 'A' one h)
---- N-J---.
shows the time , E- A/ an . Suman: OK. That's enough. I am all right. I
: '-ed', '-d', '-t' a
u, o, t-
(Watch Time -hC) (Dictionary --o \ (C) F,
don't need a doctor now/ any
, \ Countable singular (U) F C. (C) countable, (U)
x past tense, past participle more.
*a E- p 'a' 'an' -- uncountable. Eod Eg---- 2) Anil: Have you a TV at home?
p verbs weak verbs L. 'A/ an' h, E)
. O Regular verbs . - p. Amar: What a question! Is there a home
E . d) A doctor treats patients C u- English practice . without a TV nowadays?
(d - ju h Treat - eg:
eg: Present - Past - Past Anil: Do you mean that all people have
ju Treatment - ju) Ram: Fan hC?
Participle TVs?
A / an - ' E n. (What does a fan do?)
1. talk - talked - talked (Do you mean, - C practice
English A / an x - Ramana: L-E-hC.
2. love - loved - loved . n F l-?/ n? E.
3. smell - smelt - smelt . English A cow gives milk (It gives air)
What do you mean? - F n, F l
L-C j verbs verbs Eo-E d. Ram: \- fan d.
(Please fix a fan here).
N?)
'-ed', '-d' or '-t' a y past tense, o - , '--L-hC Amar: I do not mean that. All middle
past participle form N weak/ regular 1. Suman: * doctor ---
F, ' L-hC . class people have TVs.
verbs. N -L-y-? --o. 3) Kumar: Is there a school near/ around
Strong verbs irregular verbs E Suresh: \- * doctor .
' { -----C here?
. N past tense, past participle, weak Suman: \ fees B--?
F, { -----C Karim: There are two schools.
verbs , verb form p p- . English x---p Countable (fees N B-- = charge)
Kumar: I want a good school for my
Singulars a / an omit h. C Suresh: \ B--.
-. son?
eg: Present - Past - Past Participle Suman: B--?
J-. Karim: Both the schools are equally
1. Sing - sang - sung S} h--. English Countable Suresh: --- --J. good.
2. Know - knew - known Singulars a / an . L. Suman: . o. Kumar: Which school do you suggest?
3. do - did - done -- p doctor - .
verbs strong verbs.
I --- --C- 21 -d 2005

(-- -- C: Countable Krishna: . F-o ?

Singulars A/ an . Kesav: L. h (Quire)
Uncountables plural . - Krishna: h.
A/an ). 3) Brahmam: ---N ---vT
Gowtham: Hi Gowri, What news? B---C. N-
Gowri: Certainly I have news for you l .
(F h pL) Vishnu: OK y . -
Gowtham: Out with it please urgent
( p) o.
Out with it. p. C O ANSWERS:
conversations practice
1) Purnima: I want/ need advice a) Advice. a piece of advice -a. A few Tatas u---o.
Gowri: I have information. Tomorrow's
(an advice). pieces of advice E -a. The Tatas have a number of lines of
exam has been put off until next
Preethi: What about? Eg: 1) Let me give you advice/ Let me business.
Thursday)
(E J*, E N?) give you a piece of advice.
( exam a - -- 'What about' spoken English
O u?
2) I want a piece of advice from you.
--x - CC) --- expression. - - = What's your business? what is your
3) He had two or three pieces of
Put off = . line?
. advice for students in his speech.
Gowtham: That's good news. Thank you business shop/ company n
Purnima: I want to do business b) bread. C p Uncountable.
(C * h). (a business ). 'breads'E plural . C. p-C countable.
a) - stationary shop C.

a lot of.. some

He has a stationary business.
b) x d F C.
They have a cloth business.
(very important: j pFo spoken
Gowri: That's from the horse's mouth, English u-i -s-. j -
bakery
you know B--d Englisha, C
C. loaf
[C ( h) - -x _-- *
-x--- 36
a-a).
of bread.
*aC.Horse's mouth = ----C j p uncountable Eo,
(A loaf of
p--L-T x h. Municipal polls date \- E p--E a lot of, -E
bread or
u-vA v-h C, from the horse's Preethi: What business? some -a.
three
mouth; college Principal v-h 2) Krishna: I want to have a bath/ I feel like
loaves of M. SURESAN A lot of/ some advice, bread, business,
C from horse's mouth]. having a bath. I want soap.
bread. information, news etc.
Gowtham: OK. I have work. I am off. (a soap ?)
milk a litre/ 2 or 3 litres of Now practice the following conversation
(
C. h.) Kesav: Are you going out?
milk) bread slices A in English:
I'm (I am) off= -ho. Krishna: Yes, Do you want anything?
Govind: What did you have for break- a) Sandhya:
Conversation . Kesav: I want paper. A Quire F Vd !
fast?
\ . news, information, (Papers ?) {u C.
work A/ An --, news, Krishna: I'll (= I will) get it. (Break Fast Ao) ({u--=envy)
information, workN English uncount- 3) Brahmam: That old woman is carrying a Gopal: I had two slices of bread and
Swathi: soap . 'Darksilk'
ables. O plurals . O- A/ lot of luggage. Let us help omlet
shampoo -. C
An . her. c) Business - n 1) E 2) u, * Vd ---E ---
h -*-: - j E (a Luggage/ many luggages ). n- x Business
Vishnu: OK. Let's hurry up. I have two or uncountable. ( A busi-
C.
countables news (h/
three urgent jobs attend to. Sandhya: Eo s .
h) information (-- ); ness/ businesses )
work (E/ ). h--. News, (a work/ works ?) Seenu: Hi, long since we met. what are
L .
information, work- uncountables. - -E- . j- Plural you and where are you? Swathi: s
A/ An -. plurals -. . A/ An -. - English ( Q, -C. b) Pramod: Hi Prasanth, h-- -
Eo uncountables... advice, bread, busi- usage Fo uncountables. o?
h-o (u)? \
ness, furniture, luggage, paper, soap. Uncountables - hair (Vd). Prasanth: u v-G----
o?)
hairs (v- n)
News, information, work Fo Srikanth: I am doing business o.
English
uncountables- - A/ An . (u ho) Pramod: u? (Line )
O plurals. J conversations OE * Vd C.
Seenu: What Business? Prasanth: u- Eg----
She has fine dark / luxuriant hair.
uncountables - --L. ( u?)
Vd x _ - C. .
a) F -h = good news for you/ Srikanth: I have two or three lines
She has black smooth hair. C) Vikram: Breakfast B--o?
I have good news for you (
(A Hair/ Hairs ) u- Vikranth: v, x
(A good news/ I have a Business
p--- Eo Uncountables -. u p-, Vikram: v B--o?
good news for you ) lines of business . -F
Eo- Specific (Eo E) Vikranth: slices, .
b) letter u-i - C. p ----o. Businesses )
= The letters has important information.
(... has an important information -)
Advice, advise .. C d? vo: Princess -E
c) u-i E C = Apostrophe 's' E a-
Advice, advise C d vo -C ---o. N L? Princess's ring
I have urgent work.
Advice . He gives advice - * h. E -a? v qE
(I have an urgent work ). Her advice is always good - p -C. N- L-----.
CE English practice . Advise= y C verb .-E-, y-, t >x.
1) Purnima : L.
Preethi : E J*?
NvA B---E F h-o= I advise you to take rest.
dx NvA B---Lq-C h-o = :
Purnima: u -- -- Doctors advise her to take rest. Princess Apostrophe s =
DE English p: -J y Princess's. Princess's ring d. -
o. - lesson L. '\
Ans: a) I don't give advice to anybody b) I don't advise anybody
Preethi: u?
j ---E -a --- -u a) advice= n Apostrophe s v o ,
2) Krishna: o -E --C.
- -u b) advise = y. - v . v-E -
s L. Advise: present tense - advise; past tense and past participle = advised. --i . - of
Kesav: y --- ---o? He, She it subjects advises. . Eg: The Pages of the book.
I --- --- 23 -d 2005
Vinod: When did you get the letter? What's Vittal: Why are you in such a hurry?
the news? ( -?)
( --*aC? -?) Vikram: I have two or three urgent jobs to
Vijai: Important news. My uncle is moving do before 3 in the afternoon.
into his new home by the month end. ( uo
He has given me an important job to Lq C.)
do. Vittal: I have a job to do too. Mom wants
(u-i h. - me to take her shopping.
-J h --o. ( E C. t
u-i E p--p.) B--xC.)
Vinod: What is it? (C?) Soap uncountable. Eo-
Vijai: I have to buy furniture here and send u p- _--o.
it to him. Kiran: How much soap do you use a Practice the following aloud in English:
(\ Jo- E - -L.) month? -F ----L-h-o,
1) Madan: s -t?
Vinod: How much? ( O s -?) C ?
I am giving you a hundred rupees. Will (Mom )
(? - furniture uncountable) Kashyap: Depends. In summer at least 5 to
that do? Mother: v-V h s B-
Vijai: It's a tall order. At least 8 to 9 items. 6 cakes of soap. In winter, two
( \. F E-NC, NtC or three. C . - \ L. o. C -?
h-) (-N - s Gx, That will not (won't) do. I need more Madan: ---C. p s
(tall order= \. -j --- Q- .) than that. L.
* E \ --E a tall order . O
conversation DEo practice .)
- -E-. furniture
uncountable E ---o
? furniture specific u
p- an item/ items of; a piece/ pieces
of furniture -a. An item/ items of fur-
niture C shops , official language
a piece of/ pieces.. Hemanth: You waste a
. con- Mother:
lot of paper.
versational a piece of/ pieces of
s K \ --o.
-x--- 37
furniture . (y t -C vh!
Madan: \ s -.
Customer: I want some furniture. % h.) Mother: -h C. Vx
Shop keeper: What are the items, Sir, and Hari: Let me have just
how many? shop C. one sheet. I am in
s --d-.
2) Prasanth: y - Eo- -
Customer: Just a few items a cake/ cakes of soap a hurry
business language item
-?(when ... go to bed
\ d let me
x L --E ( y. M. SURESAN ).
(= h) -o. have soap/ a piece of soap/ some soap - o.) Pramod: - vA 10. F
Ramana: Look at that sofa there and the . (pronunciation- cake = ) --E, printing V u
dining table. news, information N. paper p uncountable. o.
( , jE ) a piece of good/ bad news; n papers E-F, a paper E-F . u-i --o.
Raghav: Yes, what about them? a piece of information/ some pieces of u-- --- a sheet of/ N y -.
(, N?) information - C. sheets of paper; Prasanth: -x? x
Ramana: Those two pieces of furniture a) He has leaked out an important piece of a slip of/ slips of paper; u-i E C?
have been with us for the past information. a piece of paper/ pieces of paper . B--o. j--
twenty years. Fo Spoken English v-h---Lq L. T-
(u-i - ---d.) *o-*o .
( _ 20 x o.) b) A piece of news is missing in this letter. B--o.
- business/ official p- T- % . Pramod: N ?
informal d a piece of /
( - - .) He has already wasted four sheets of
Hari: I want paper. Have you any? Answers:
pieces of furniture . paper.
1) Madan: I want soap/ some soap, mom.
-- Vijai o? ( L. F _-?) v T \ O
Mother: You took a new cake of soap
He has given me an important job to do Hemanth: I have only two sheets. -a.
He has written his address on a slip of just two days ago. Have you
E . 'work' uncountable. -E - ( _ x v o.)
paper and given it to me. done with it?
E/ E p--E job/ jobs Hari: One sheet will do for me.
v C. \ T \ (have done with = h
-a. (Job n u. ( .) . C conversational. 'Have you used it
job E = work n C. will do = . C conversational.
The floor is clean, not a piece of paper up?' bookish.
-a. F C u-
'work' uncountable; 'job' countable.) O spoken English ' - . anywhere. 'Have you used it up?'
-J- E
spoken form- Have you done with it?/ Are
vo: 1) Suneetha is like her sister p ? E O (Past Participle) use
. - you done with it.
Suneetha looks like her sister Madan: Yes, mom. I am done with it. I
: She has gone out just a minute ago. \ just
L ! a? - . X, j--
2) Ramu and his brother alike in appearance want soap now.
Ramu and his brother are
u p ! a minute ago p n B---F, Mother: You are using too much of soap,
alike in appearance E L ? j p-x . just x n boy. It dries up your skin, be
hC. American usage p--p careful.
: 1) Suneetha is like her sister,
. \--,
complete - Past Doing Word Madan: I use very little soap.
Suneetha looks like her sister - (past simple) . Mother: I know. That's why you have
y n- correct. He has gone out just a minute ago. used up a whole cake in just four
Suneetha is like her sister. \just has gone out-
vu d days.
F d C L-, better, British usage v. 2) Prasanth: When do you go to bed usual-
time
v h---L. past
p ly?
x, -- E.
action Past Doing Word correct. (go to bed = sleep =
vo: Tx
Suneetha looks like her sister.
p - Ev v-N-,
'could' 'mould'
E ' E, E 'f E EvC- !)
Dn \ L- v (--E). --? C Tx- ? Pramod: Usually at 10. I shall be late
2) Ramu and his brother are alike in their
today. I have two or three jobs
: English pronunciation system o x
appearance are
C d. verb
- . B--f, N--
to do. I will go to bed only after

vo:
. d d . - h. English finishing them.
He went out an hour ago.
pronunciation E origin d C. Prasanth: Shall I go then? I have impor-
went
\ L- d O E E -Eo-d. C a English , tant work at home too. Shall I
use Went (Past doing
E p. * *a Eo d take some paper? I have an
word) d. J C. d Dictionery E pronunciation assignment to do. I am taking
She has gone out just a minute ago. -- _. -? vo four sheets.
has gone
u L-. F - -. Pramod: Will that (they) do?
I --- - 25 -d 2005

Jagadeesh: I came for you yesterday. You verbs verb form: was + ing / Were
were out. + ing.
(Eo F a. Singular subjects (I, he, she, it, they)
Nyx ) was + ing . Plural subjects (we, you,
You were out = y x . they) were + ing -C.
Were you in? = Nyx -o? (English you = y / O; n
. in, out, be forms *o- C plural verb )
conversation --a. *o- Was + ing / were + ing form verb, past
*o --i - spoken english x-- continuous tense C.
C - E-hC. *o -- C sentences .
Eo - --- conversation a) -L *a--p h -- While the teacher was teaching the
Pradeep: TV hC.
u. o = I was reading a book when he pupils were talking
Jayanth: I was at Sekhar's. I was playing Pratap: hoE O--J L-
came in. u teacher teach , x
chess with him. b)
?
- *a--p - C = x- Continuous past Pradeep: h-o-E . F
( Rxx o. - The sun was shining when we went out. actions ! -E was + ing / were + ing.
--o) E s B--h-ox
L-.

You were out

ANSWERS:

a) I saw her when she was going out.

b) He was studying while she was cooking.
c) Venkat: What were you doing when all
this happen?
Vinai: I was reading the newspaper.
Sekhar's
; Sekhar's home,
---x p Venkat: Didn't you (Did you not)
'while' . observe the watch on the
Sekhar's place Lq E-
Jagadeesh: On my way home I saw your -x--- 38 while
She was singing
her students
table?
father and his friend. They Vinai: I've (I have) told you/ I told you,
were dancing I was reading the newspaper.
were taking a walk. c) Warden L-*ap x (pupils) ( --o- Venkat: He stole the watch while you
( -x J O o-, ----o = The pupils were study- M. SURESAN
p Nu-n were reading the newspaper.
o-o . x -h-o) ing when the Warden came in. dance h-o)
Jayanth: Why did you come for me? d) Pradeep: I was studying while they were
d) Eo { h C = It was rain- What were you doing when he knocked playing
( --a?) ing the whole of yesterday. at the door?
Jagadeesh: I was just going this way. I Pratap: What was your mother doing?
e) l l NE--*--p -ho =
thought of seeing you. Nothing
( d--p y h-o?) Pradeep: She was watching the TV
I was having my meal when I heard that \ h-o continuous past
special. Pratap: Didn't (Did not) any of you
noise. action d 'were you doing?'
( J h-o. Eo l--- know that he was coming?
-E- j ux - The boy jumped from the bus while it Pradeep: We knew that he was coming,
o. vu--i l- ) o - (Continuous actions in the past- was moving
Jayanth: Weren't (were not) my brother but we didn't know he was
actions over a duration in the past) was + ing
and sister at home when you
(q --o-p -) bringing money.
/ were + ing form h. Now, Practice the following in English
called? Important: -u C verbs
(y *a--p brother, sister
j x (-sEo d Eo verb forms ) was + ing/ were + ing form .
a) -L *a--p h -- a) - -o-p - C verbs . Was see-
x ?) - continuing past action d
call = -, call at = -- x.
. ing/ were seeing; was noticing/ were notic-
was reading (was + ing)
Eo O -a = I called at your place b) --- hC. ing; (h- J*)was smelling/ were
b) - *a--p
yesterday. c) Venkat: J-T--p y h- smelling; was believing/ were believing; was
continuing action in the past, d was
C spoken english expression. shining (was + ing)
o? knowing/ were knowing; was understanding/
practice. Vinai: news paper ---o. were understanding; was wanting/ were
c) warden -L--*a--p x (pupils)
He often calls at his uncle's = Venkat: Table Oo watch E -E-- wanting; was loving/ were loving; was hating/
--- - a continuous past action
x uncle - - d were studying (were + ing)
? were hating; was containing/ were contain-
Jagadeesh: They were, of course. They Vinai: p news paper - ing; was consisting/ were consisting; was
d) { Eo --- C
were watching the T.V. a continuing past action d was rain- --o possessing/ were possessing etc. O-Eo
j -- verbs -E-. ing (was +ing) Venkat: y news paper ---o- - past doing words.
Verbs Forms e) - -h-- a continuing past action p watch T-L-. eg: He loved her.
1. Was playing - was +...ing d was having (was + ing) (T-L- = steal) (He was loving her )
2. Were taking - were+... ing C- . d) Pradeep: --- --p -x She understood his point.
3. Was going - was+... ing Teacher h--p x x-- ---o. (She was understanding his point
4. Were watching - were+...ing --o Pratap: O t- h-o? ) N--- .

vo: 1) I am having lunch vo: Present perfect tense, present perfect ( ~ t Present perfect - p---, Present
2) They are having juice continuous tense u N? perfect continuous - p-o ). O
3) She is having a bath They have been living here for 10 years, -- \ -- p-a. --
4) He is having a lesson They have lived here for 10 years. N- lessons O J* Ja--o.
O N d, N . N-J---. J---. b) They have been living here for 10 years -
.N.---- -, t---, x- --, ---, 10 x \ -o p-

: O u- am : a) Present Perfect tense -

>x N--- >x \ o
They have lived here for 10 years -
having lunch, are having juice, is having v--i--p--- J-T - 10 x x \ o. p--- o.
a bath d. 'He is having a lesson' is . Present Perfect Continuous p--o, N
having a lesson d . 'He has a les- Tense - v-i Sentence -p.
son' better. --o - .
I --- --C- 28 -d 2005

Bharat: You were reading a book yester- 11. ours C

day. Whose book was that? 12. their J, x
(Eo y h ---o. 13. theirs JC, xC, JN, xN
C J h?) j -Fo -J C---E
Bhargav: My book of course. I lent you a (Possessions) --. English
book last week. I want it back this u spoken english simple ,
evening. If your assignment is
--E O --- u.
complete, let me have it. It is not
Prakash: Whose idea is this?
mine.
(C J idea?)
( h-. - F h Prasad: My idea. Why? Is it not so good
a. v C L. as your idea?
E F E - a. C ( idea. ? F idea ?)
C ) Prakash: It is certainly better than my idea. a) C J h? = whose book is this? Kasim: F bike B--x?
(Lent - Lend Past doing word. Lend-
Only, I thought it was your dad's -N-, Krishna: C C . C bike.
-N-y) (his) idea. h -JC? = Whose is this book? D, D .
Bharat: Not yours? Whose is it then? b) I) C h= That is my book
(. idea o C. C C.
(FC ? --JC?) C O o-J idea - ii) h C = That book is mine
Bhargav: I got it from Ramu. It is his book. c) i) C F = This is your advice
3) Avinash: x S h-o? C
This note book is his too.
o)
Prakash: No. My mom thinks better than ii) F? = Is this advice yours? OC ?
(C _ * B-- Alankar: C .
o. C E h-. note

Whose is it?
book -E)
Bharat: I attended your sister's dance
programme the other day. It was
really good. Who is her dance
teacher?
(V O sister u v-z
. C. dance
d) i) C (\) Avinash:
teacher ?) -JC?
Bhargav: Our family friend Mrs. Nrityasri.
<? = Is this her Alankar: Uncle C
The Choreography was com-
pletely hers. The Singer is also a
-x--- 39 sari?
ii) < C =
Avinash: - C xC?
Alankar: x Grand father's time *
friend of ours. This sari is not hers
my dad. It is her idea. e) i) teacher =
x.
(N family friend. %u 4) Prameela: Eo J necklace C?
z-y (Choreography)
(. o t She is our teacher
(Pronunciation J--v)
-*-hC. C idea) ii) p C M. SURESAN
O d a--?
N-. --N friend) Prasad: Any way, it is for our good. Their -C? = How x? (d: relatives)
Bharat: Does Mrs. Nrityasri run a school? interest is our success. is this fault ours? Laxmi: C x-C-. x -Fo v
f) i) C watch = This is his watch
( \ --?) (--, C * . o.
run -/Ey-- x-\---C N-) ii) watch -C ? = Isn't (Is not) ANSWERS:
Bhargav: Yes, She and her husband. Their Prakash: OK, then. When shall we begin?
this watch his?
1) Is this your car? / Is this car yours? where
school is famous. Some of great (, p v-Gl?) g) i) C x h = This is their property
movie dancers were students of Prasad: Depends on money. Its availabili- are its keys?
ii) C x h -C? = How is
theirs. ty is everything. 2) Kasim: Who came yesterday? / Who
this property theirs?
( s O -- C. was it that came yesterday?
(. , h - h) i) x.. J-- d
= I like the
--o. o school. E--xE E availability (u) ) Krishna: My friend / A friend of mine
house and its surroundings
p dancers -C x j ---E possessives C- ( expression conversation
-- possessives a. ii) v EN =The wheels are its.
Nu-n) Very important: E, EE -Eo its \ -)
famous - =o, v -Cl- 1. Whose? (J?)
. \ S apostrophe (') Kasim: Did he take your bike?
dancers - q Whose? (-JC? / -JN?)
2. my () . Apostrophe It's It is E. Krishna: That was not mine. That was
j -- underline - his bike. Mine and his look the
mine (C / N) Apostrophe (') l --
-E-.
n 3. your (F / O) Eo -hC) same / look alike only, mine is
1. Whose (book)? J (h)? / -JC? yours (FC, OC / FN, ON) Eg: 1) This car and its wheels= , E slightly older than his.
2. My (book) (h) 4. his () v. \ 'only'
-E- C the
3. Mine C his (-C / -N) 2) It's my car = It is my car. (C only things E short farm- DE
4. Your (book) O / F (h) 5. her (\) hers (C / N) ) n '\ N N- / --N-
5. Yours OC / FC 6. our ( / ) - Now practice the following aloud in simple ' E. slightly=
6. his (book) (h) ours (C / N, English: (j possessive )
Cl.
7. his -C C / N) 1) F? E -N?
7. their (x, ) theirs (xN, C / 2) Kasim: Eo *a--? conversational bits.
8. her (\ dance teacher) 3) Avinash: Why are you vacating the
9. hers C xN, N) Krishna: o- (my, mine
10. our (family friend) 8. its (E) its (EC / EN) house? Is it not yours? / Don't
)
you own it?
vo: -- ---u -spoken english -a--o-. 7. o -- al (Vacate pronunciation: - /
--- tenses --u-? spoken english - 8.Sir, Madam E E-~--u- -a? -- \ -L n S-
--- - ---L? 9. S.C., S.T. d-- L? - (x N)
: Tenses a-- u. -- : 1. Is your tap off? / Have you turned off your tap? Alankar: No, it's (it is) not ours.
..----v, o >. N, -Lx
Avinash: Whose is it, then?
vocabulary (, n, N / Has your tap been turned off?
--- -). W English 2. I have admitted him in college Alankar: Our uncle's
Newspaper n , -- -. 3. The teachers are making the students sweep Avinash: How long has it been theirs?
vd --x L C. u les- the class rooms / The teachers are getting the Alankar: (It has been theirs) since their
sons simple present, N tense N- students to sweep the rooms / The teachers grandfather's time.
have the students sweep the rooms.
vo: -C u- Tx- L-----.
N-J. -. 4) Prameela: Whose necklace was lost /
4. I will take you to the movie
1. O x ? 5. I taught him cycling was missing yesterday?
2. -E -@ Jp- 6. I put him to bed You had relatives yesterday,
3. -u- x- --h-o 7. Don't compare me with others / Don't compare was it theirs?
4. Eo E- B--- me to others- -s-Eo-d Laxmi: No, not theirs; their ornaments /
5. - j \ Jp- 8. -J-j Sir / Madam E -a.
jewels are all safe.
6. -E ---d 9. S.C.s and S.T.s
I --- --- 30 -d 2005
Srilekha: Did you meet them yesterday?
Supriya: y - ----
(Eo y x ---o?) ? -E y d---?
Surekha: Whom do you mean?
Suchithra: O v o--! -E d-
(y-C J J*?) --?
Srilekha: Savithri and her husband
(- F-d -)
(NvA, h J*) Supriya: Brother, sister -J-- d--
Surekha: I met her, but not him
N
( ---o, E -E Suchithra: v- --O vl
---) . o worry hC.
Srilekha: Did you show her the letter? (to whom were you talking?)
(neglect ) d 'a fever', her=)
( letter -?) writing, formal writ-
Supriya: v - trouble My father likes my brother very
C D
Surekha: Yes, I Showed it to her. She will ing h.
y. t o --- much. He gives him ()
show it to him today. Spoken form v, 'to' - sentence
-. x- v-h whatever he wants. only, he asks
(- -. ---. C -o him to study well (him=E)
* hC. sentence 'whom' ,
- -hC) who v-Gh. 'who' (whom -Lq
B--h. q tLo Supriya: By the by, our teacher gave us an
Srilekha: Did she enquire about me? x) questions v-G-- spoken
assignment yesterday.
English d.

- n
-
- L
-
.h ..
Jo -----o?
Who (whom ) do you want to see?
-J h- h-o?
Who are you writing (letters) to ?
c) -JE J* x---o?
Who are you talking about? (whom )
d) -J x-C?
(-- --o conver- Who did he quarrel with?
( J* T?) sation topic a-- e) -JE Eo?
Surekha: She wishes to see you. She
-x---
p 'by the by'- - Who (Whom ) did you see yesterday.
asked me to give you her best 40 'C- . us = f) Jo Rx - M
wishes. She wants us to visit her
). When did he ask I do not know who she married
soon. She likes to give us a din-
Ny-h. us (Lo) to complete ( sentences whom
ner.
Suchithra: brother it.? . Who common, spoken
( Eo ----C. Eo-- ---. Eo t Suchithra: The coming English)
T-x p-C. Lo Rx---J y doctor _- Saturday, I M. SURESAN
p -
tC. dinner y---- B--}. o v think. But Hari: (over phone) Hello, who is it please?
C.) d. -C -o isn't it (= is it not) a holiday for (?)
Srilekha: That's fine. Let's go to them Hemanth: It's (it is) me, Hemanth
us? (us =
h.- --E v ) (,
tomorrow in my car. I will show -)
-. Supriya: Who told you so?/ Who told you
them my new car. Hari: That's nice, hearing your voice... after
Supriya: C-, Eo assign- that? Whom did you ask?
(C. x a long time.
ment a . Jh----
_- . h x [[[[[ ( , y F
o Lo?
-h.) Suchithra: a E- -. a) y Eo -JE ---o? = Whom N)
-- them, whom, her, him, did you meet yesterday? L. - Hemanth: Was that your brother who
--V ? appeared in the TV serial yester-
you, us, me -E-. Jo = whom. - spo-
Supriya: p E? -o--
English conversation natural , ken English whom who -h- day?
y? (Eo TV serial E--*C O
simple --- O n, OE Eo o. C d spoken English.
Answers:
brother ?)
Who did you meet yesterday?
- -sx C --- Suchithra: My brother helps me a lot () Hari: Yes, it's (= it is) him (, ) and
u. *o-*o - o --E n- He likes me very much C u formal written English the little girl he was walking with... do
Fo -- simple con- Supriya: Do you help him too? Do you like ( p ). you know who she is? ( -ho
versation --- --a. lesson
him too? Who did you meet yesterday? *o- F ?)
J* --. (-; -E: Do you also help him? C spoken form, conversational. Hemanth: Wasn't it (was it not) your
I =
o Do you help him too- \- - b) y Eo -J x---o? youngest sister?
me = o;
Spoken English) (Spoken) Who (Whom ) Hari: Yes, it's her.
we =
Suchithra: You have a brother too. Were you talking to yesterday? j -- -E-: It's me, it's him,
us = t-, / -,
(-- p-x also o too better.) (-, formal
, To whom It's her. - , It is I, It is he, It is
you = y / O
Don't you (=Do you not) like him? (o) were you talking yesterday? E .) she -E -. F spoken
you = Eo, Nt-- / F, O English It's me, It's her, It's him -
Supriya: Nothing surprising a brother and a \ -E--Lq N: Preposition
he =
sister liking each other. 'to'- sentence . sen- d.
him = -E, -
Suchithra: But my brother neglects stud- tence 'to' begin h whom L.
she =
ies. That worries me.
-v-o:
(o)
her = , ( \) 1. Shop closed - u Negative.
Supriya: My brother doesn't (does not) give
it = C 2. Shop n't closed
me that kind of trouble/ such trou- J---?
it = EE, E 3. Not shop closed n?
ble. (such=that kind=)
they = x, N 4. School going children. DEE Negative N- L?
He helps my parents too a lot. He
them = x, E/ x, 5. World's largest selling Newspaper. DEE Negative - -
takes good care of them.
who =
(Them=x) ---.
whom = -JE/ -J.
He gets us what we want
---: 1, 2, 3
(). . , j-
n- - d-E *a He makes us laugh with his jokes Shop closed - DE shop not closed. Shopn't closed - n't
Surekha, Srilekha dialogue G_- -J form - x . an, is, are... v . Not
(tLo)
-. Suchithra: My brother helps us too. My shop closed j English . \ shop not closed
Practice the following aloud in English. 'shop open' better . 4. Non school going children C
mother had a fever yesterday
Suchithra: brother school going children negative. 5. The world's largest selling
and he took her to doctor.
h. o d---. (English fever, countable, News paper negative - not the world's largest selling newspaper
(like ) -a.
I [- 1 d 2005

Radha: Hi Roja, how are you? long since we past participle (pp) [.
met. a) E ---o.
( o? L I have met (have + pp) him.
V-jC.) \[ , j ( V, , ,
Roja: Fine thank you. How are you?
etc.) ---oD L-----[ x
( o. y o?) have met- have + pp [-o.
Radha: Fine to. Thanks. How about going to
b) I met him yesterday.
the movie Black?
\[ yesterday E j L--[
(o! x E -?) x Past Doing Word [-o)
Roja: I've (I have) seen it. Think of some
c) He has gone out.
other movie.
time L--[ ]. d has gone
(C . E j p) - has + pp (for the past / for the last ten years = III) have + pp/ has + pp, just, just now p--
Radha: I haven't (I have not) seen it so far.
d) He went out an hour ago. -x x v # p) p h- - [.
so far=
(p C [-]. (
v E j L--[ x 2) --x Tx C. a) x p v--iC.
p) went- Past Doing Word) (p) The class has just begun.
Roja: That's surprising. It has run for three
e) She has bought a car. He has taught English for the past/ for the b) Rx-p a.
weeks now, and you haven't seen it!
( oC.) last four years
. They have just arrived.
(au ! C [ - f) She bought it last week.
[-C. y [-?) 3) p 100 #vx -#C.
She has acted in 100 movies so far.
Radha: How about some coffee before going
( EE ] oC)
to a movie? -E- 4) ].
(E-x ] h -?) - j LE Past Actions He has not come yet/ so far.

j L..?
Roja: I have just had coffee. I don't feel like
drink any more. ( -) have/ has + pp . (p ] -[
(p . Sx -E ].) JT j L Past Actions Past p J-TC).
-- -E--Lq N Doing Words [. (yet = ; so far = p)

have + past participle (have + pp) / has + pp d have + pp/ has + pp d--] - \[ -E-.
I, We, You and They
-. have +
Past actions, time not stated (j have been/ has been- N forms.
pp [. He, She, It has + pp L--E, J-T) - [. ] -o.
[. DEo present perfect tense . eg: 1) y E-- -?
p # p
form verb Have you seen the movie?
J-Eo --- [-Eo 'have been/
has been' L--h.
a) My father (he) has gone out.
2) [ a?
Has he come?
( o x) 3) F #a? C u- How about going to the movie Black?
b) My mother has bought a saree for my sis- J-Q-L-.
ter.
a) He has been a c) EN v RxC.
( t d- < oC.) teacher of English for
c) My friends (they) have left for Hyderabad. She has gone out just a minute ago.
M. SURESAN
x 26
the past two years.
( vq j]-- x.) sentences just
]--. p[
d) Tendulkar has scored thirty five centuries
( x Tx past action time not stated -C.
so far.
o[.) They have just gone.
Have you received the invitation?
([-\ 35 -K d[.) b) He has taught English for the past two Rx-p x.
years.
e) The class has just begun.
4) \- RxC?
They have gone.
Where has she gone?
(x p viC) ( -x Tx C- p x x.
f) We haven't (have not) read the report yet.
5) p [ x a[.
He has already (p-) changed two
.) C u- English G_- practice
( p Jd ]--]) c) He has been an English teacher. .
cars.
C - [[. 1) [-\ 15 -q-- v
p[ v-h E- II) have + pp/ has + pp
d) He has taught (C action) English for the

I) ] --o past actions,
[.
past two years.
vi p J-T/
time stated ( JT, j L -) -o (p-[-p[) have + 2) Rx-\[ E--? ( How
j[ sentences Eo [ N- long [)
Past Doing Words (came, sang, liked, knew pp/ has + pp [.
verbs) [. 3) p -].
state of being
1) \[ x o. ([[), 4) x - h -].
1) JT j L-E, L--E - I have lived here for the past/ for the last
action (E) L---h-o. 5) E p viC.
have + past participle (pp)/ has + ten years.
6) x h C-?
vo: ux [ 2001 # E.
7) y-p-[o ?
English v p[ Am I- not Aren't I L. 8) \ V # L ]--
2003 \[ - o[ [[, p[ [Eo p--E vo: p Tx- active voice o. (since our school days [).
uEo Tx- 'He was a am, is, are; ox p--E passive voice N? 9) \[ E ?
teacher here from 2001 to 2003' was, were --Th. 10) Rx ].
2001 # 2003 (past)
. -u, -
Answers:
E . - verb- pres-
ent tense, English past tense d, He was a teacher here from : verb 'be' form + past participte 1) Tendulkar has played cricket for the past
2001 to 2003 d. (PP) C passive voice. N
C -d N-J-. fifteen years.
forms C active. Passive voice 2) How long have they worked here?
uh A [ 'Ah - uh A o-p[
verb [ n - 3) She has not taken/ has not had tea so far.
J# p--p[ 'Ah past was, present is,
be form verb -- future will be/ shall be -
hC. 4) They haven't (have not) written a letter to
T-L? Question tag Am I/ -T-L. Shops are closed on sundays. me for the past four months.
(verb- are closed- are (beform) + closed 5) The movie has just begun.
Are I, Amn't I/ Aren't I C Manmohan Singh was a Finance
(PP), verb- passive) - 6) Have they read the book?
--T-L? Minister ()
C-- shops --[-. 7) Have you ever helped me?
Manmohan Singh is Prime Minister
XA o-v--]-, --[ 8) We have studied together since our school
: - p[ o o[,
- passive [. English
days (since =
(vh) #).
Manmohan Singh will be the PM for \ 9) How long have you worked here?
C . C past E, present simple - C.
some time to come (future) 10) They have not come so far.