PROGRAMARE LINIARA Problema premata ot problema eluafa. Problenz ale progvamare encars (LP -preblew.) ° Functve obsectiv : yee eye Peete ys = # cata +o es Hee b at. ; AMET et -- tA tay S Z ous sau (= A$ \ By Mat xrr--- +d, wb Ny / Be : maxcua Sobatce : valearea b ee 5 J » vector % corespnpite (profit sau cost) cankiiitt’ bunure’ daisibite, ae def. Vector 2 acsibilr:(xalpatsfece toate pest > def Problems aolurstocta C et Nyy vector aoluesibel) Exemple wax 4-3 42% 1%ZY (at. xu%r,%ezoO YD | %=lo90 -vectr Kyte +%, <4 aduiseb:l min 4 dx¢¢m} Toblema at Xytar st (y,% z0) i newdur'sitosle Def. Vector opt'wal (rector aduischcl Coresp « 1a) Funetia obcectiv nemairginc td” ==> Mu exist¥ Sobete ULeee ( Orcce preblend Adm bild marpencdy, Ste sotete) c Weck. (0,2), %20 € 2alucsebil p tre be (- meh) i Kae HS 2 Lp ha x) estes | dar A 2 = L ¢ 7 CetTroblems poems ce® wax d(x) = > ey _ i: nd” Ba. = Wy ete eocem 2 j20 520" unde as’ C2 oaen ji ceR, deR, FER™ Obs, 4+ LP-problem poate fi: transformata tn Fr primal wan, —> max (~f) \-4 = S$ Obs2., Problema prémata’ e jmastatea unec perechs. Del. Problema Aluals corespunpertoore pooblue’ primate: min gy) = = Ebeys +4 . = age ey) (sy Sn, Yo? fs ae Exempla. @ wax 4-34 tre sy primal | 2. Hettr4 mM, cy 1 Xj %0) p70 ? mp =a 5 ¢2€-3,2,9 oe Wes. X 2(0,4,0) Vector adwiscleil => Quala ec: men Ya 962 73 3. za: yet. (as) Ze 47 ©» font, A,X) = U-Xy KetXre%yM, $v —%4 —3% -Xyt2m, S- A 9 HOF 9, Crh, => Yuala ec: men Crys -y2) BD YMA) Ye“ B42 ZO) Yer Y2 BY ~MABWy A ee gee ded Zy 1 ads) = tector BYurs or?TRorema 24, Yacd atét problema prewata® eft we duala ec sunt adcmeschile , atunce 4) <9(9), ntru ercee vector aauisilorl x pt. premals se orcee vector aduescbe? y pentre otuals.. Asifel war d(x) < men 30) dem. fe)= pv +o < = (Sayye at +d = -2(4 =, ay a yrds Shy +d =4(y). way LOD 5 - 4¢y), 7 Corelar (i) Daes atat priwata eat 5¢ duale sunt admeschile , abunce ambele sunt margcncte, (é) Jaca prema 2 nemargenita, dtunce aah me admese bila. Gi ) Dacd hua e nemdirg nets, atunee’ poremata nee aduisvhe®, Dem. y -veetor avluiscbie pt. oluals IO <90 Xerr se 2 primed was C) => @), Ge), Ex. Fog ts GD 5 Cometariu Ex 4 — pgp. cesForme de baza se prvot. Cb-4 Fie problema promatd mar is 2% x +o! at, Bays by) 180 Sh; #Z0. Pentru frecare otk oan - vestwietu’— varvabets x, max 1 = 5% y ‘tol 2 arc. Sy ~be= — Xr) (asm Svarcabile de bad d Firma (prinali)de bees Cepenstente) => baz war (14 =%4) Exeuplu wax (x4 -%4) igo, C=At 20) Are © ad. KEreKg-X, 52 Dal xitre HX, 2 = 2g — x4 BURT BNG EA x, -%, Sr grtyten, hee Povo tate — 0 erate supra. Vek coobcecentul Luc % mm ecuatca pentyu ~Kek CSchembare de baza) %p > ash Exemplu , My e Hebe. T% tb 2xytd af ites = max (4-%,> fers tue at -dugt% HX, -d 2 -% ns paola) ete, Gi x tm -% -2xy te m% a admisebel =p Cxa,--- 2%) ase nt vartahile nebazice —s vafoavea O — > max f pM vetare fhe Arar Teorema 3.3, (ercterd’ ele recuneastere Zp Ley. ont) G@) O Sormwa de hazd © adwmisthils eo termenct aonsbant om Recare vestrvetie € £0. ® Go Cori ale bard adu'sibits. Deed fecare coefs (a uner varrabite nebazcce) ta ec, pe Sef. obuecthv € go atunce forma of bazz e optimal Deu » Wevae. ver jearice = ~—(teyw. cons. oly ec. ec) (2) Fe) Za% tof cu Gag dace %—baeed f. so vk = eae de bazay x vector on, 20) {= faa —% tol Ss d= fz) pmax fos, =f) - 9 (Mt ee He = Exenpfu: Lu: wacom +z) ae Tasca te Hy max {= 25%423, We2%y=Q,) %y=A4. OFForme de laza_ duate. ates S boys re dual: \ 22, = 4 =r zy, Veg sn jyzo. Pentre ftecare din cele n restrechi’~def. van Surplus uw eo Smeg & jd oI Obs. Che r-rYne ) vector 20m pe duals @> wero m ds ko Swman. wen SS beye +d vea => Ver a = eee cD ; eye ni [72 Forma duata de baz2 Exempls : won (244-2) wa (ynye) at, at. Yana ed =yry, 74 Y-34270 a Ree YerYe 7? Yo tyArye Wat t42%-A Ye e-yat tye tA wi72 6 em fat Ve Rvotare ne (Schembare az bata) --- —Gonvat, coef ctimtiulon’ Caf Dn teumnitie. pantr= Ys ) inne De TScb de bara saducecbels 5 optemats Genta 7) Teovema >.4. Pe, Ushemers ca) © forma de baza duals 2 admi'sibilsesterwenut constant ah frecave ecuate restrctie e 20. @) yo formas ole baed oftal adur'svbite. Daca’ feacar coefrecent( al uner’ variabife nebazice) ta ecuahra pentra funetta olvecty € BO, atunec forma o€ 6222 daala 2 optimals, C6-«Abgorobuut Suu plex Tabfou (forma,de bazd) wax ( -%3 - 3x2 +%g that) H dant % thy — A EXE My t3 xy -% —Uty—1 xy Baza : As Xa J ver oO abit eta ie at, Obs. Tha 2.3 d2 conolti’ asepra coeFiccewbilor yao Teorema 3.6 Conscdleram un tablou ele mavewe (ut! x(n? Mbuneed: @) Tabloul @ aduisibe Cée> orice tntvare tn coloana olin olreapt2 (fre tinca ale 5) este BO © Reed tabloutl e adustbi a (exceptdnol ¢ diet e optinal, fuabare Ny ze Xe (appre. coef das huey | Gn Ceaate t Teorema >. eon <2 €. Dacd ovvce tatrare tina oloana aden areyyte) & <0, ature ay) Fee T un tablou de nuance (urd) xG+4), G. prvatare Ae ©» (sh 0 earecin Defincm Quem) = ap but i My ax; Xp= O (Oxy) mebazica. => hecare variabila bared 2 2O (cond. intr eo€ J Coef, Qui x, ¢ cathy => ful = : tf r ee a = Exenpeu. mex a > a0. xXa-e2 S41, Xa xr JA 1@ -4 [4 [=-x5 = [eo [7EF aduischily ne optima admesthil a. Wemdrgonct @ Hu _stinn nemairgincleAlgor ttm. 2.2. (Algor stunt Sem plex) , Fe T un tablou admischil de mare Quad) x (ned) (4) Deca Fmats§ $0 pentre tegen, atuned SToP ( tabloul este optimal). @) Alege orvce 0, 20 en astfel tnedt 4, 9>0 CVarcabla nebazced ce efvcheteaza cofoana @ -se numeste varcabéld de entrar). @) Dacd tye <0 pentru (sem, atunce STOP (problema e nemirgincts) ) Atege orcee R, (skew al. tye 72 He Bw mn Beet (so Se x tee > of ke Fee : (Vara bole bazced ce etvcheteazas froma k& se- numeste varvabita de vescve), ; () Pevoteaza pe the x enlocureste T eu tabtout 5 5 at) Fee rezutha G tie se memeste cktrare pivot). @ Merge la Pasut (4),feorema 2& (A) Dups frecare pivotare CPasutte)), noul tablou este adueschel (2) Dupe fvecare pivotare, valoarea functer obvectiy P P ) ; pentru nou€ tablou este D cea ali Cabloul precedent, Dew. (TBM He iT enfin tf Gat) t ene? He bo = Cet R. 0. 70 zo : a = tee ee — Ae Oh nen , “AR Hee LO ey eee the i ? (adev) + Cazz. tee > O. that k- ates: Seset < bones tty a (bated: Sate Ge [ete = be tine Stn FeO — Bi Zo | ae 2 (z) Vabare2 Sunctier obtectiv pentrn 7 / — Award nerd Valosrea functied obteckv pentru T': 7 ’ ~ Cute nee nae sned = mae = Sav £faue « ba ME |, ke KE / A Ereey ned Zoe n+e CeoEvetavea ecclurclor su obtinerea admiscbébutate’. eee Degenevare sc ecefurc. Def, T = Guti)x (nt), Pivot olepenerat ve, LA Gays? Teorems 3.9. Pact T'se obtcne ain T eu pivot olegenerast, abunce” twee = Loner, “He, 4E0S mtd, (ultima coloand 2 CucT'e colenticd cuce2 a Cac co) Corolar 340 Dacd T! se cbfine din T aieae abunce’ solufe de had corespune stoare bac Tle e7a™eu cea 2 but T. astfel, fet.obiechy are 2ceeas:’ vatoare pentr« cee 2 solute" ole baz. Cecbe Seeventad oe tabloure aduiribcle 777)...,7# obtvnute prin ‘prot olepenerat (TH are accease baza ce) Cordines Unilor, coleanelor- chfer) ula luc BLAND pentru anticrclare. Mo cefica abporvtmul siupler 2.0. ore ole chfe orv’ 4x o alesere a varvabilec de cntvare/resive , se aye intotdeauna cea cu cnclcele cel mar’ mee, Teorema 3.44 Dacd algorv ‘tment Siuylex este mock Fircat pren peon regal har’ MID dence’ i apar cvelare. Yo, Nr Linck de bare + Thu. 344 a5 aGoorFuul se opreste olupa un numav tinck de che rate: . CemTallow adwescbil cnital, Vawcabeld auxceard u ; problema auxclars max -u 2.0. wee KM Le Sob adm ; stev: eu. 5 cotoana 4 sp so€ aclu pt. (vaw aux nebarcea) problema tuipiaG Aper : Se anGocuceste fot obiecty. sen'si ow fet. de varvabelefe nekazcee, Obs. Problema augclvavad are thhoteleaune o Soltatie “Qabrucd & Punetva S@ obvechv e magnets superior de ae, Teorema 342. Daca o preblewa Lenvare promata” este a6&6 aclmce bile ost $e marguactd, tunes’ a are o solutie. Mac mult, o sotutie poate f aafeufate folosenol abgorctinul de dues belctate (acd € neceser) Swmpreuna cu P aboorvtimul Stuplex moolt ical pron. uw om Bona met Ca fut Ce-4Fie o forma dehaza pr ‘stbele (Aceasta 2 numcta problema oreycnatg) @) intvodu © varcabrld auxcHard u. @) Deftneste functia obectiv auxitard -x. (2) Pentru once restreetie ck probfema overall, formeaza o restvectce auxctvara adéiugand a én partes shihg a. ney, restreehy @) Jefineste probeema auxcecava ¢ wax(— “aun Cave. (5) Fé tabloul pentru problema auxclard, 6) Atege o nce (nu cea de jos), ad. intrarea cn create & cea wad med (cea mac neganvd) ; pevotears pe tutvarea din aceasta. fue s¢ colaana fuc u ( Reeuttatul e un tablow aolurstbve>, &) Aptics aboretwul simplex pt a vezotla preblena aur, @) Yack valoare2z maxcmad 2 Funetie’ obiecty e negatva, STOP (problema oreginale” Mead miscbil), @) Pvoteazd 2.7, vercabita aunclara td fe nebazicd (clacxs @ necesar), (te) Fa tabloul pentru problema originale sterg anol eoloana etichetata cu varvabcla auxcliava se ape’ intoeutnd functie obvectv auxiliard ex cee ge (seresd’ Cr Funct? ofe varcabrtefe nebazice) . 7 C64DUALUTATE Teorema 343 Fie Taal (m+) xht), Atunec: G@) Tablout ¢ aduischie <> orice intrare th Qua de yes © <¢ e& }. tabloul aduistbi?. Dacsfrecare vntvare th cofoana de clveapts (favs cea olth fra de 9 € 20) atunce’ tabloul e optumal, Afgorvtw .4. (Ae orctuul simplex Dua). Fe un tablou aalmisvbel Lual de mSrime (utd xl @) Dacd teynec FO pentre (eceu, STOP (optima) (2) Aeege &, sehem 22. Ant <0 (Varisee® nebazied ce eticheteard Finca fe memita de cutvare) @) Deco ty 22, (een, STP robe. ne mipgincts). (4) Alege orcce eu eben al. Apco ge Lora? oe: . ame) a sEjen se 4 <03, (Variabily farted ce ehrheteara coleane Ce of vesve) (6) Rvoteaza pe tyy 30 inlocuceste T prin tabloul dual ce rezutta duh aceasta pivetere.(dhares tye ¢ ‘mente cntvare pevet) G) merg® fa pasul (i) , ce-MTeorema 1/4 © problema de pregramare Reward ovat care este atdtadui'scbils cat se mdrgunctd ave 0 solute. Mat mwtt, © Solute poate Lv catcutata fofosinol abporctmul ale adwister(ctate aual (dacs e nteeser) aSprend cu AalvoriYuul Stuplex olual modlfrcatpnr repute bu Bédnol : Teorema luabbatu; Daca orccare olcx perechea ole probleme aaatefprivat are 0 sobutre , abuned 3c ceateHa” are solutre } mac mult , aed ef au solute ) valonte opteuate ale celor doua Fane fi obtechy covnerd. Dem. Folosm tabloul dual/prmal sv seoremeFe BAL, BIB. = *Je Je Je Se J Tallon dual/premat pentru problema primats: max (-44 42%. —343 447%) at. Ww, “Me <0 x4-2%, Sd 2merm, S 3 44 +3IVES - KLZO CHL HE CO-MS