ENGLISH ce oo SINCE + starting point - Ihave been oD: _ (and continues until now) | have been living in Japan - ~ FOR+ duration oftime NOW living in Japan since 2012. for 4 years for 4 years. 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ~ FOR. » + period of time INCE> * starting point i= + number + time word rat +atime /adate When we measure the duration of something or how long it lasts. It has a start point and an end point and can be used in different tenses. -1/ studied English in Ireland for 2 years. - will be there for around two months. - We have been married for 14 years. for ten minutes for eight hours for five days for six months for three years for two centuries When something started in the past and continues until now. Since is mostly used in the present perfect and perfect progressive tense, - He hasn’t eaten since 7 o'clock. - | have been working here since June. - We have been married since 2002, since Monday since February since 1982 since! left school since the end of last century since y(acs, The Weekend Saye SATURDAY SSI Ar + the weekend + SUNDAY > ON + the weekend The weekend -| played football at the weekend. -| played football on the weekend. Weekend is written as ONE word over theweekend § MEANINGS weekend ¥ = on both days... weekend * = during the weekend Saturday and Sunday OR=at some point week-end * = at/on the weekend during the weekend “pat. LAST WEEKEND NEXT WEEKEND “ON. EVERY WEEKEND every weekend every weekends, 3¢ albthe weekends }¢ \f -They will be staying with us over the weekend. -| will try and fix your bike during the weekend. along weekend =a weekend that has at least three days due to a public holiday falling on either the Friday or Monday. y(est, The DATE in English cornet! There are two ways of saying the date in English. Written English Spoken English Numbers === March7. March seventh 3/7/17 —— MONTH + DAY Even if the -th isn’t written, MONTH / DAY / YEAR an ordinal number is still said. 7" March The seventh of March 7/3/17 DAY + MONTH DAY /MONTH / YEAR Days Months Years We always use Months always start Years are normally ordinal numbers i a - * for the date in with capital letters. divided into two parts. spoken English. august 3¢ 1 984 Le first August Whatean gre roe a any alii 1652 sixteen fifty-two 4 fourth _ What dayis this? 1941 nineteen forty-one es i 3/5/18 ae Ewenty seventeen me fewth March 5.2018 Exetorheyes ton S em SS 3 May 2018 two thousand and + number. 10" tenth Big difference! 2006 two thousand and six SfENGLISH 2 ee | a@aust Possessive Pronouns Lasewae A Possessive Pronoun replaces a possessive adjective + noun to avoid repeating information that is already clear. - This book is my book, not yourbook. (Sounds repetitive) - This book is mine, not yours. (Sounds more natural) POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE POSSESSIVE PRONOUN MY Myshirtis green. © MINE The shirt is mine. YOUR Your bookisnew. YOURS The book is yours. HIS — His pillow is soft. HIS — The pillow is his. HER © Her dog is small. HERS The dog is hers. ITS Itsboneisold. -——# SWedontuseitsas OUR Our bird is noisy. OURS The bird is ours. YOUR Your house is big. YOURS The house is yours. THEIR Theircarisslow. THEIRS The caris theirs.( encust COUNTABLE AND ceanm’® UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS COA acd A) COUNTABLE NOUNS We can count Have a singular and plural form atree two trees Can use a singularverb or The book js old. a plural verb The books are old. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS: We cannot c Have only one form (no plural) butter butters: Always use a singular verb Sugar is sweet. Cannot use a, an or anumber arice two rice Le it | before them abread two bread UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS ARE OFTEN... ABSTRACT IDEAS (cannot touch) LIQUIDS & GASES love, freedom, education, luck, _ water, milk, wine, oil, coffee, rain, help, beauty, music, thunder soup, air, smoke, blood, juice, fog MADE OF SMALLER PARTS MATERIALS oS sugar, rice, salt, sand, flour, dirt, | wood, glass, paper, gold, silver, dust, traffic, grass, spaghetti ice, iron, cotton, wool, steel SOME FOOD (cut into small parts) BE CAREFUL! (uncountable in Enalish) bread, fish, cheese, chocolate, furniture, advice, work, news, meat, bacon, food, ham information, luggage, moneyBoth - Either - Neither ierpied Both =the two Either = one of the Neither = none alternatives two alternatives = not this AND = this AND that = this OR that not the other NEITHER | can speak both Ican speak either | can speak neither English and Spanish. Englishor Spanish. French nor Arabic. Which is easier for you to understand?