Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UHIXHU]RVRQRUR
r4XHVHOVRQLGR"
(OVRQLGRHVXQDYDULDFLQGHODSUHVLQGHDLUHFRQHOWLHPSRTXHVH
SURSDJDHQXQPHGLRHOVWLFRFRPRHODLUH&RPSDUDGRDODSUHVLQGH
DLUHHVWWLFDGH3$6&$/%DUODSDUWHTXHVHDOWHUDGHOD
SUHVLQSHODSUHVLQVRQRUDHVPX\SHTXHD(OOPLWHGHOD
DXGLHQFLDKXPDQDVHDOFDQ]DDVOR3DG%V63/
/RQJLWXGGHRQGD\)UHFXHQFLD
/D IUHFXHQFLD GH XQD VHDO GHVFULEH HO QPHUR GH RVFLODFLRQHV
SRU VHJXQGR XQLGDG +HUW]LR V 0LHQWUDV TXH OD RQGD
SURSDJD FRQ YHORFLGDG FRQVWDQWH VX ORQJLWXG GH RQGD VH SXHGH
GHILQLU FRPR FI GRQGH ORQJLWXG GH RQGD F
YHORFLGDGGHOVRQLGRPV\I IUHFXHQFLD
/RQJLWXG GH RQGD HV OD GLVWDQFLD TXH FXEUH XQD RQGD GXUDQWH XQD
RVFLODFLQ FRPSOHWD (O UDQJR GH IUHFXHQFLDV DXGLEOHV FXEUH XQDV
2FWDYDV GHVGH +] KDVWD N+]6X FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH UDQJR GH
ORQJLWXGHV GH RQGD FXEULUD GHVGH PWV D FP OD OX] YLVLEOH FXEUH
QLFDPHQWHXQDRFWDYDGHDQP
3URSDJDFLQGHOVRQLGR
/D YHORFLGDG F GH SURSDJDFLQ GH XQD RQGD VRQRUD HV GH
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHPVFDPELDFRQODWHPSHUDWXUDGHODLUH(VWR
VLJQLILFDUD XQRV .PK R 03+ ./D RQGD QHFHVLWDU SRU
FRQVLJXLHQWHPVHJSDUDGHVSOD]DUVHPW(QXQPHGLRKRPRJQHR
HO VRQLGR VH GHVSOD]D HQ OQHD UHFWD GH WRGDV IRUPDV ORV DJHQWHV
DWPRVIULFRVSXHGHQGHVYLDUODRQGDDFVWLFD
5HIUDFFLQSRUFDSDVGHWHPSHUDWXUD
'HO PLVPR PRGR TXH OD OX] ODV RQGDV VRQRUDV VRQ UHIOHFWDGDV HQ OD
7HPSl& & F>PVP@ VXSHUILFLHTXHVHSDUDGRVPHGLRVGLVWLQWRV(VWRHVGHELGRDODGLIHUHQWH
>PVHJ@ YHORFLGDG GHO VRQLGR HQ DPERV PHGLRV (VWH IHQPHQR RFXUUH SRU
HMHPSORHQWUHFDSDVGHDLUHFRQGLVWLQWDVWHPSHUDWXUDV
5HIUDFFLQSRUFDSDVGHWHPSHUDWXUD 5HIUDFFLQSRUYDULDFLRQHVHQODYHORFLGDGGHO
YLHQWR
(6 3DJ
N+] N+] N+] N+] (IHFWR'DPSLQJRGHDPRUWLJXDPLHQWR
,QFOXVR FRQ SURSDJDFLQ VLQ REVWFXORV XQD RQGD VRQRUD SHUGHU
HQHUJD(VWDSUGLGDHVSURSRUFLRQDODODGLVWDQFLDFXELHUWD\DXPHQWD
FRQ OD IUHFXHQFLD 3RU FRQVLJXLHQWH ODV IXHQWHV VRQRUDV OHMDQDV VXIUHQ
XQD SUGLGD D DOWDV IUHFXHQFLDV DDGLGD D OD SUGLGD GH QLYHO SRU
3UGLGDSRUSURSDJDFLQHQHODLUHG% GLVWDQFLD(QDPELHQWHVKPHGRVHVWHHIHFWRVHDXPHQWD
SRUPDSUR[HQWHPSHUDWXUDV!
l&\KXPHGDG! 5HIOH[LQGLIUDFFLQ\DEVRUFLQ
(OWDPDRGHODVRQGDVVRQRUDVDXGLEOHVHVPX\SDUHFLGRDORVREMHWRV
)>+]@ TXH QRV URGHDQ &XDQGR XQD RQGD JROSHD XQD VXSHUILFLH GXUD
UHDFFLRQD GH GLVWLQWD IRUPD GHSHQGLHQGR GH OD UHODFLQ HQWUH OD
P ORQJLWXGGHODRQGD\HOWDPDRGHOREMHWRJROSHDGR
5HIOH[LQ
P
6LODORQJLWXGGHRQGDHVPX\SHTXHDFRPSDUDGDDOREMHWRODRQGD
P DFVWLFDVHUUHIOHMDGD8QDVXSHUILFLHSODQDUHIOHMDUODRQGDDFVWLFD
FRPRXQHVSHMRUHIOHMDODOX]/DVVXSHUILFLHVGHVLJXDOHVSURGXFLUQXQD
P UHIOH[LQGLIXVD
FP
FP
FP
FP
FP
FP 'LIUDFFLQ
'LIUDFFLQ GHVFULEH HO IHQPHQR SRU HO TXH OD GLUHFFLQ RULJLQDO GH OD
RQGDDFVWLFDVHGHVILJXUDSRUXQREMHWR/DGLIUDFFLQRFXUUHFXDQGR
)UHFXQFLD\ORQJLWXGGHRQGD HO REMHWR \ OD ORQJLWXG GH RQGD VRQ DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH GHO PLVPR
WDPDR
/RVREMHWRVFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHPVSHTXHRVTXHODORQJLWXGGHRQGD
GHOVRQLGRQRWLHQHQGHPDVLDGRHIHFWRHQODSURSDJDFLQGHOPLVPR/D
RQGDVRQRUDQRQRWDHOREMHWR
'LIUDFFLQSRUXQDJXMHUR 1LQJQHIHFWRFRQREMHWRV
'LIUDFFLQSRUXQDWURPSHWD
SHTXHRV
$EVRUFLQ
6L XQD RQGD VRQRUD JROSHD XQ REMHWR VXDYH SRURVR R HOVWLFR VHU
DEVRUELGD HQ PD\RU R PHQRU PHGLGD (O IDFWRU GH DEVRUFLQ
GHSHQGHUGHODIUHFXHQFLD\GHVFULEHHOSRUFHQWDMHGHHQHUJDVRQRUD
QRSUHVLQTXHHVDEVRUYLGDSRUODVXSHUILFLH(OUHVWRVHUUHIOHMDGR
$TX RWUD YH] HO WDPDR GHO REMHWR HV LPSRUWDQWH XQ REMHWR
DEVRUEHQWHGHSHTXHRWDPDRQRHOLPLQDUIUHFXHQFLDVJUDYHV
(6 3DJ
6XSHUILFLH N+] N+] N+]
+] +] +]
+RUPLJQ
3DQHO GH PP GH
JRPDHVSXPD
3DQHO GH GH ILEUD
GHYGULR
(MHPSORVGHIDFWRUGHDEVRUFLQ
3UHVLQ\QLYHOVRQRUR
5HODFLQ G%
(OQLYHOGHVRQLGRDXPHQWDHQHVFDODORJDUWPLFDGHOPLVPRPRGRTXH
ODV IUHFXHQFLDV VLHQGR ODV GLIHUHQFLDV DSUHFLDEOHV GH IUHFXHQFLD
HVFDODGDV HQ RFWDYDV \ ODV GLIHUHQFLDV DSUHFLDEOHV HQ QLYHO VRQRUR HQ
GHFLEHOLRVG%
8QGHFLEHOLRSRUVVRORQRHVQLQJXQDXQLGDGUHDOSHURVXQHOHPHQWR
GH UHIHUHQFLD GH QLYHO 6OR FRQ XQD UHIHUHQFLD GDGD VH FRQYLHUWH HQ
XQD XQLGDG $V HO G%X VH XWLOL]D SDUD QLYHOHV GH VHDO HOFWULFD FRQ
UHODFLQD9ROW\G%63/VHXWLOL]DSDUDQLYHOHVGHSUHVLQVRQRUD
FRQ UHODFLQ D 3DVFDO XPEUDO GH OD HVFXFKD QRPLQDOPHQWH
G%63/
/DIUPXODSDUDFRQYHUWLUQLYHOVRQRURHQG%63/HV
5HODFLQGH3UHVLQ6RQRUD\
9ROWDMH9DORUHVH[SUHVDGRV
HQYDORUHVORJDUWPLFRVG% /D SUHVLQ VDQRUD GH XQ DOWDYR] HV SURSRUFLRQDO D VX YROWDMH GH
HQWUDGD(VWR VLJQLILFD TXH XQ DXPHQWR GH QLYHO GH HQWUDGD GH G%
GREODUHOYROWDMHGHHQWUDGDRYHFHVODHQHUJDGHHQWUDGDSURYRFD
G% PV GH SUHVLQ VRQRUD GREOD OD SUHVLQ VRQRUD R YHFHV OD
HQHUJDDFVWLFD
'LVWDQFLD G%1LYHO
UHVSHFWRDP 3UGLGDGHQLYHOSRUGLVWDQFLD
P $O DXPHQWDU OD GLVWDQFLD OD HQHUJD VRQRUD UDGLDGD SRU XQ DOWDYR]
FXEUH XQD PD\RU VXSHUILFLH (VWR SURGXFH TXH OD SUHVLQ VRQRUD VHD
P LQYHUVDPHQWH SURSRUFLRQDO D OD GLVWDQFLD GH OD IXHQWH (O FXDGUR
DG\DFHQWHPXHVWUDHVWDUHODFLQ$XQDGLVWDQFLDGHPWVODSUHVLQ
P
VRQRUDHVG%VPHQRUTXHDPW
P (QODWDEODVHPXHVWUDQODVUHODFLRQHVOLQHDOHVPHWURVHQODL]TXLHUGD
\ORJDUWPLFDVGHFLEHOLRVHQODGHUHFKD&RQVORXQRVSRFRVYDORUHV
P GH OD WDEOD VH SXHGH FDOFXODU OD SUGLGD GH QLYHO SDUD POWLSOHV
P GLVWDQFLDV 0XOWLSOLFDU HOHPHQWRV GH OD FROXPQD L]TXLHUGD HTXLYDOH D
VXPDUORVGHODGHUHFKD
P (MHPSORs4XSUGLGDGHQLYHOWHQGUHPRVDP"
[[DVSXHVG%G%G% G%
3UGLGDGHQLYHOSRUGLVWDQFLD
(6 3DJ
120 dB 2 x 120 dB = 126 dB 126 dB
6XPDGHRQGDVDFVWLFDV
'HSHQGLHQGRGHODORQJLWXGGHRQGDODGLVWDQFLDHQWUHIXHQWHVVRQRUDV
\ODVLWXDFLQGHOR\HQWHVHSXHGHQSURGXFLUGLIHUHQWHVHIHFWRV
100 W 2 x 100 W = 200 W 400 W
6HDOHVFRKHUHQWHV
'RVVXEZRRIHUVSURGXFLHQGRVHDOHV ,PDJLQHPRV TXH WHQHPRV GRV IXHQWHV VRQRUDV SURGXFLHQGR OD PLVPD
FRKHUHQWHVWLHQHQHOGREOHGHHILFLHQFLDTXH VHDOFRQLGQWLFDIDVH\DPSOLWXG6LODGLVWDQFLDHQWUHODVGRVIXHQWHV\
XQRVROR
HOWDPDRGHODVPLVPDVHVFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHLQIHULRUTXHODORQJLWXG
GHRQGDDOPHQRVRYHFHVPHQRUFRQVHJXLUHPRVXQDXPHQWRGH
G%VHQWRGDVGLUHFFLRQHVGREOHGHSUHVLQ(VWDIUPXODQRVVLUYHVL
GRVVXEZRIHUVHVWQFRORFDGRVMXQWRVGHODGRRXQRHQFLPDGHORWUR6L
OD DOWXUD WRWDO GHO FOVWHU HV SH PWV OD HILFLHQFLD GHO VLVWHPD VH
GREODUSRUGHEDMRGHORV+]ORQJLWXGGHRQGDP
/D VXPD GH QLYHOHV VH UHDOL]D DFRUGH OD WDEOD GH G%V WUHV IXHQWHV
$UUD\GHVXEZRRIHUVSDUDXQD LJXDOHVDXPHQWDUQOD63/HQG%VFXDWURIXHQWHVHQG%HWF
P[LPDGLUHFWLYLGDGKRUL]RQWDO 0D\RUHVDUUD\VQRVSURGXFLUQWDPELQPD\RUGLUHFWLYLGDGSXHVVOR
VLWXQGRQRVHQQJXORUHFWRUHVSHFWRDODFROXPQDWRGRVORVDOWDYRFHV
SURGXFLUQVHDOHVHQIDVH$PHGLGDTXHQRVVHSDUDPRVGHHVWHHMH
KDEUPVFDQFHODFLRQHV3RUHMHPSORXQDFROXPQDYHUWLFDOWHQGUXQD
GLVSHUVLQYHUWLFDOPVHVWUHFKD\XQDGLVSHUVLQKRUL]RQWDOPVDPSOLD
/DIUHFXHQFLDVREUHODFXDOREWHQGUHPRVXQDPD\RUGLUHFWLYLGDGVHU
) GLVWDQFLDGHODFROXPQDHQPHWURV
&XDQGR ORVVLVWHPDVHVWQVLWXDGRVVREUHVXSHUILFLHVGXUDVVXHOROD
H[WHQVLQYHUWLFDOGHODUUD\VHGREODGHELGRDODVIXHQWHVUHIOHMDGDV
$UUD\GHVXEZRRIHUV
SDUDXQDP[LPD
6HDOHVGHVIDVDGDV
GLUHFWLYLGDGYHUWLFDO 6LGRVIXHQWHVSURGXFHQLGQWLFDVHDOSHURIXHUDGHIDVHmDPEDV
VHDOHV VH FDQFHODUQ HQ SDUWH R VL ODV VHDOHV VRQ H[DFWDPHQWH HO
PLVPRQLYHOWRWDOPHQWH
(OHIHFWRSHLQH&RPEILOWHUHIIHFW
6L XQ SXQWR HV DOFDQ]DGR SRU VRQLGR SURYHQLHQWH GH GRV IXHQWHV
VRQRUDV FRQ OD PLVPD VHDO SHUR GHVGH GLVWLQWDV GLVWDQFLDV VH
SURGXFLU HO OODPDGR HIHFWR SHLQH /D UD]Q GH HVWH HIHFWR HV TXH
FXDQGR OD ORQJLWXG GH RQGD GH XQD IUHFXHQFLD HV XQ POWLSOR GH OD
GLIHUHQFLDGHGLVWDQFLDODVVHDOHVGHDPEDVIXHQWHVHVWQHQIDVHHV
GHFLU m R m m HWF \ VH VXPDQ DXWRPWLFDPHQWH /DV
)XHQWHVUHIOHMDGDVH[WLHQGHQOD
IUHFXHQFLDV TXH OOHJXHQ IXHUD GH IDVH SHmRmmHWFVH
FROXPQDYLUWXDOPHQWH
FDQFHODUQ (O JUDGR GH LQIOXHQFLD GHO HIHFWR SHLQH GHSHQGH GH ORV
QLYHOHV UHODWLYRV GH DPEDV VHDOHV HQ HO SXQWR TXH HVFXFKD /DV
FDQFHODFLRQHV PV VHULDV RFXUUHQ OHYHPHQWH IXHUD GHO HMH GHO FHQWUR
C
HQWUHGRVDOWDYRFHVGRQGHDPEDVVHDOHVFDVLOOHJDQFRQHOPLVPRQLYHO
C SHURFRQXQGHVSOD]DPLHQWRGHIDVHm
B
A
B
A
5HVSXHVWDGHIUHFXQFLDGHGRVVHDOHV
TXHLQWHUILHUHQFRQGLVWLQWDVORQJLWXGHVGH
RQGD HIHFWR SHLQH R gFRPE ILOWHUg
(6 3DJ
6HDOHVQRFRKHUHQWHV
5HOSRWHQFLD G% /DV VHDOHV GH GLVWLQWDV IXHQWHV VLQ UHODFLQ GH IDVH VH OODPDQ QR
FRKHUHQWHV (Q HVWH FDVR QR KD\ XQD DXWRPWLFD VXPD GH OD SUHVLQ
VRQRUD SHUR OD SRWHQFLD VRQRUD GH DPEDV IXHQWHV VH GHEH VXPDU
GREODU SRWHQFLD HTXLYDOH D G%V GH SUHVLQ VRQRUD(VWR HV YOLGR
FXDQGR XQ SXQWR HV DOFDQ]DGR SRU PXFKDV IXHQWHV R SRU VXV
UHIOH[LRQHV 2WUR FDVR GH VXPD QR FRKHUHQWH FRPR SH DXPHQWDU
SRWHQFLD RFXUUH FXDQGR GLIHUHQWHV VHDOHV VRQRUDV FRLQFLGHQ HQ XQ
SXQWRVRQLGRGHIRQGRPVLFDHWF
'LVWULEXFLQGHQLYHODORODUJRGHOD]RQDGHSEOLFR
/RV JUILFRV DGMXQWRV PXHVWUDQ ORV IDFWRUHV TXH GHWHUPLQDQ OD
GLVWULEXFLQGHQLYHODORODUJRGHOHMHGHODVDODGHVGHODSULPHUDDOD
1LYHOGHJDQDQFLDHQG%VDO OWLPDILOD
DXPHQWDUODSRWHQFLDDFVWLFD
FRQPVIXHQWHVRPVSRWHQFLD
3UGLGDGHQLYHOSRUGLVWDQFLD
HOFWULFD ,QGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHDODOWDYR]DXWLOL]DUVXQLYHOGLVPLQXLUGHDFXHUGR
D OD WDEOD GH G%V &RPR HMHPSOR XWLOL]DUHPRV XQD VDOD GH PWV GH
IRQGR/DVSULPHUDVILODVHVWQDPWVGHOHVFHQDULR
(QHVWHFDVRODGLIHUHQFLDGHQLYHOHQWUHODSULPHUD\ODOWLPDILODHVGH
G% P G%LQDFHSWDEOHSDUDXQVLVWHPDGHDXGLR
G%
G%
'H WRGDV IRUPDV ODV GLIHUHQFLDV VH SXHGHQ UHGXFLU FROJDQGR ORV
P P
DOWDYRFHV$XQDDOWXUDGHPWVVREUHSEOLFRODGLIHUHQFLDUHVXOWDQWH
G% G% G%
HVVORGHG%
3UGLGDGHQLYHOHQUHODFLQDODGLVWDQFLDDOR 'LUHFWLYLGDGYHUWLFDO
ODUJRGHOD]RQDGHSEOLFR
7RPDQGR HQ FXHQWD OD GLVSHUVLQ YHUWLFDO GHO OD FDMD D XWLOL]DU OD
GLVWULEXFLQ GH QLYHO SXHGH PHMRUDU VLJQLILFDQWHPHQWH (Q HO VLJXLHQWH
HMHPSORODFDMDHVWVORDPWVVREUHHOSEOLFRFRPSDUDGRDORV
PWVGHOFDVRDQWHULRU\WLHQHXQDSUGLGDGHQLYHOGHG%DSDUWLU
G% P GHmIXHUDGHHMH(VWHVHUDEVLFDPHQWHHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHXQD
FDMDFRQXQDGLVSHUVLQYHUWLFDOGHQRPLQDOGHmG%Dm
G%
P
G% 'H WRGDV IRUPDV HVWH GLVHR VOR VHUD YOLGR VL ODV FDUDFWHUVWLFDV
EVLFDVGHODUHVSXHVWDGHODFDMDQRFDPELDGHVGHVXHMHFHQWUDOKDVWD
mORTXHVLJQLILFDUDTXHODFDMDGHEHVHUGHGLVHRGHGLUHFWLYLGDG
FRQVWDQWH'&VREUHXQDPX\DPSOLDJDPDGHIUHFXHQFLDV
P P
G% G% G%
'LUHFWLYLGDGKRUL]RQWDO
0HMRUDGHODFRYHUWXUDFRQXQVLVWHPDYRODGR
(OQJXORGHFREHUWXUDKRUL]RQWDOGHODVFDMDVQXQFDGHEHVHUPD\RUDO
QHFHVDULR SDUD FXEULU HO UHD GH SEOLFR (O VRQLGR UDGLDGR HQ RWUDV
GLUHFFLRQHVDXPHQWDODHQHUJDGHOVRQLGRGLIXVRORTXHSURYRFDUXQD
SHRULQWHOLJLELOLGDG
6LXQDVRODFDMDQRSHUPLWHVXILFLHQWHFREHUWXUDVHSXHGHQXWLOL]DUPV
FDMDVHQDUUD\(VWDVROXFLQH[LJHXQDEXHQDGLUHFWLYLGDGFRQVWDQWHHQ
FDGD FDMD SDUD PDQWHQHU ODV ]RQDV VRODSDGDV OR PV SHTXHDV
G% P SRVLEOHV\HYLWDUODV]RQDVVLQFREHUWXUD
m 6LVHUHTXLHUHXQDFREHUWXUDKRUL]RQWDOGHmVHSXHGHFRQVHJXLUFRQ
G%
P G% XQD VROD FDMD GH m G% D m R ELHQ FRQ WUHV FDMDV GH m
PDQWHQLHQGRXQQJXORGHmHQWUHHOODV(VWDOWLPDVROXFLQSHUPLWH
FODUDPHQWHXQDPD\RUSUHVLQVRQRUD\XQDFDGDPVUSLGDGHOQLYHO
P P IXHUD GH OD ]RQD D FXEULU &RPR LQFRQYHQLHQWH H[LVWLU HIHFWR SHLQH
VSKHUHG% G% G% DOUHGHGRU GHO HMH FHQWUDOHQWUHGRVFDMDVGHODUUD\(QHVWDV]RQDVQR
mV\VWHPG% G% G% SXHGHKDEHUXQDVXPDSHUIHFWDPHQWHFRKHUHQWHGHODVIXHQWHVHVWHHV
HOPRWLYRSRUHOFXDOHOQJXORHQWUHFDMDVHVPHQRUTXHHOQJXORGH
GLVSHUVLQQRPLQDOGHXQDVRODGHODVFDMDV
0HMRUDGHODFRYHUWXUDFRQXQGLVHRGH
'LUHFWLYLGDG&RQVWDQWH'&YHUWLFDO
&XDQWRPHMRUVHDHOGLVHRGH'LUHFWLYLGDG&RQVWDQWHGHODFDMDPHQRU
HOHIHFWRSHLQH
(6 3DJ
,QWHOLJLELOLGDG
/D LQWHOLJLELOLGDG HQ XQ SXQWR GHWHUPLQDGR GH XQD VDOD HVW
GHWHUPLQDGD EVLFDPHQWH SRU OD UHODFLQ HQWUH HO VRQLGR GLUHFWR \ HO
VRQLGR GLIXVR VLHQGR HVWH OWLPR HO UHVXOWDGR GH ODV UHIOH[LRQHV R
UHYHUEHUDFLRQHVGHODVDOD
0LHQWUDVHOVRQLGRGLUHFWRGLVPLQX\HFRQODGLVWDQFLDHOVRQLGRGLIXVRHV
FDVLFRQVWDQWHHQWRGDODVDOD8QDLQWHOLJLELOLGDGDFHSWDEOHVHFRQVLJXH
FXDQGR HO VRQLGR GLUHFWR QR HV PHQRU TXH G%V UHVSHFWR DO VRQLGR
GLIXVR
8VRGHVLVWHPDVGHGHOD\
8VDQGR VLVWHPDV GH GHOD\ QR VOR VH SXHGH PHMRU OD GLVWULEXFLQ GH
QLYHODORODUJRGHOD]RQDGHSEOLFRVLQRTXHWDPELQPHMRUDUHPRV
OD UHODFLQ HQWUH HO VRQLGR GLUHFWR \ HO GLIXVR /DV FDMDV VH SXHGHQ
GLULJLUVH GLUHFWDPHQWH D OD ]RQD GH SEOLFR D FXEULU \ VH PDQGDU
PHQRV HQHUJD KDFLD HO FDPSR GLIXVR SRU OR TXH VH PHMRUDU OD
&RPSDUDFLQGHFRYHUWXUDVFRQXQDVROD
FDMDGHl\GHXQDUUD\GHl LQWHOLJLELOLGDG 'HELGR D TXH ODV FDMDV MXQWR DO HVFHQDULR \D QR GHEHQ
ODQ]DUKDVWDHOIRQGRGHODVDODWRGRVORVVLVWHPDVSXHGHQIXQFLRQDUD
PHQRUQLYHO
0VDOOGHODGLVWDQFLDFUWLFDHOSXQWRGQGHHOQLYHOGHVRQLGRGLIXVR
QLYHOGHVRQLGRGLUHFWRHOVRQLGRGHOD3$SULQFLSDOHVWPX\LQIOXLGR
SRU OD DFVWLFD GH OD VDOD /DV FDMDV PV FHUFDQDV DO SEOLFRFRPR ORV
GHOD\V GHEHQ VRQDU OR PV SDUHFLGR SRVLEOH D HVH VRQLGR DV FPR
WHQHU DMXVWDGRV ORV GHOD\V FRQ SUHFLVLQ VL HO VLVWHPD WLHQH TXH VHU
GLVFUHWR\GHEHPDQWHQHUODLPDJHQUHVSHFWRDOD3$SULQFLSDO
(6 3DJ
1LYHOHVUHTXHULGRV
3DUD VRQRUL]DFLQ GH PVLFD
DOWD
XQ SURPHGLR GH DG%GH
QLYHOHVQRUPDOPHQWHVXILFLHQWH/RVQLYHOHVGHSLFRVSXHGHQVHUGH
G%VPV
(MHPSOR 8Q VLVWHPD HVWUHR HQ XQD VDOD GHEH FRQVHJXLU XQ QLYHO GH
G% D XQD GLVWDQFLD GH P&DGD VLVWHPD GHEH VHU FDSD] GH
SURYHHU G% G% SUGLGD D P G% SURPHGLR GH
SLFRVG%VXPDGHODVSRWHQFLDV/5 G%63/GHSLFRDP
3DUD SDUODPHQWRV ORV UHTXHULPLHQWRV VXHOHQ VHU GH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
G%PHQRV
(VSHFLILFDFLRQHVGHGLVSHUVLQ
'LDJUDPDSRODU
8QGLDJUDPDSRODUPXHVWUDHOQLYHOVREUHXQQJXORGHHVFXFKDHQHO
SODQR KRUL]RQWDO R YHUWLFDO VREUH XQD IUHFXHQFLD GHWHUPLQDGD (Q HO
FDVRGHFDMDVGH
GLUHFWLYLGDGFRQVWDQWH
ORVSODQRVSDUDODVGLIHUHQWHV
IUHFXHQFLDV DO PHQRV HQ HO UHD IURQWDO GH OD FDMD GHEHQ VHU PX\
SDUHFLGDV
)DFWRU4
(O IDFWRU 4 GHVFULEH OD GLUHFWLYLGDG GH XQ HOHPHQWR UHVSHFWR D XQD
IUHFXHQFLDGHWHUPLQDGDSHURQRGLVWLQJXHHQWUHGLUHFWLYLGDGKRUL]RQWDO
R YHUWLFDO (V OD UHODFLQ HQWUH OD SRWHQFLD VRQRUD UDGLDGD HQ HO HMH
UHVSHFWRDOSURPHGLRGHSRWHQFLDVRQRUDUDGLDGDHQWRGDVGLUHFFLRQHV
8QDDOWD4VLJQLILFDJUDQGLUHFWLYLGDG
uQJXORGHGLVSHUVLQQRPLQDO
(V HO QJXOR KRUL]RQWDO R YHUWLFDO GQGH HO QLYHO GHVFLHQGH G% FRQ
UHODFLQ DO HMH FHQWUDO SH m [ m HQ XQD & 3XHGH WDPELQ
'LDJUDPD3RODU PRVWUDUVH SRU IUHFXHQFLDV SODQR GH GLVSHUVLQ [ IUHFXHQFLD R
GLDJUDPDGHLVREDUDV
'LDJUDPDGHLVREDUDV
(Q HO HMH KRUL]RQWDO HVWQ ODV IUHFXQFLDV HQ HO YHUWLFDO ORV JUDGRV
UHVSHFWRDOHMHFHQWUDO\ODVOQHDVLVREDUDVUHSUHVHQWDQG%\G%
8Q FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GH 'LUHFWLYLGDG &RQVWDQWH VH SXHGH REVHUYDU SRU
OQHDVLVREDUDVSDUDOHODV(OHMHPSORPXHVWUDODGLVSHUVLQGHXQDFDMD
G E&723GLVSHUVLQQRPLQDOm[m