TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

tan A = sin A/ cos A

sec A = 1/ cos A

cosec A = 1/ sin A

cot A = cos A/ sin A = 1/ tan A

sin2 A + cos2 A = 1

sec2 A = 1 + tan2 A

cosec 2 A = 1 + cot2 A

sin(A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B

cos(A B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B

tan A tan B
tan(A B) =
1 tan A tan B
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A

cos 2A = cos2 A sin2 A

= 2 cos2 A 1

= 1 2 sin2 A
2 tan A
tan 2A =
1 tan2 A
sin 3A = 3 sin A 4 sin3 A

cos 3A = 4 cos3 A 3 cos A

3 tan A tan3 A
tan 3A =
1 3 tan2 A
sin A + sin B = 2 sin A+B
2
cos AB
2
sin A sin B = 2 cos A+B
2
sin AB
2

cos A + cos B = 2 cos A+B

2
cos AB
2

cos A cos B = 2 sin A+B

2
sin AB
2

2 sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A B)

2 cos A sin B = sin(A + B) sin(A B)

2 cos A cos B = cos(A + B) + cos(A B)

2 sin A sin B = cos(A + B) cos(A B)

a sin x + b cos x = R sin(x + ), where R = a2 + b2 and cos = a/R, sin = b/R.

1 2t 1 t2
If t = tan 2
x then sin x = , cos x = .
1 + t2 1 + t2
cos x = 12 (eix + eix ) ; sin x = 1
2i
(eix eix )

eix = cos x + i sin x ; eix = cos x i sin x