HF Radar (WWW - Wikipower.ir)

www.wikipower.
ir

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)-(
HF
:
1390

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1.........................................................................................................................................................................................
2.....................................................................................................................................................................................
3........................................................................................
1-1 5....................................................................................................................................................................
1-1-1 6................................................................................................................. MIL-STD-188-110
2-1-1 6........................................................................................................... STANAG 4285,4539
3-1-1 7.......................................................................................................................... FED-STD-1052
4-1-1 7..............................................................................................................MIL-STD-188-141B
2-1 8.............................................................................................................................................................
3-1 8..............................................................................................................................................................
4-1 10...............................................................................................................................................
5-1 10..............................................................................................................................................................................
HF
1-2 11.......................................................................................................................
2-2 15.................................................................................................................................................................

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3-2 17..................................................................................................................................................................
HF
1-3 20..............................................................................................................................................................
2-3 24...................................................................................................................................................................
HF
1-4 25............................................................................................................................................................
2-4 25..........................................................................................................................................................................
3-4 HF 29.................................................................................................................................................
HF
1-5 HF 30....................................................................................................
2-5 34................................................................................................................................. Blind Speed
35.............................................................................................................................................................. . Arcfading3-5
4-540........................................................................................................................................................................ :
HF
1-6 41.......................................................................................................................................................... HF :
2-6 42................................................................................................................................................................. :
3-643............................................................................................................................... (polarization) :
4-6 45..................................................................................................................................................................

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5-6 46............................................................................................................................................................... :
6-6 )48...................................................................................................................... (incidence angle
7-6 49........................................................................................................ (spatial resolution) :
8-6 HF 50............................................................... (synthetic aperture radar):
9-6 1-9-51................................................................................................................................ HF :
6 53........................................................................................... (multi-looking processing):
53..................................................................................................................................... (spatial filtering) 2-9-6
10-6 55............................................................................................................................................ :
11-675........................................................................................................................................................................ :
HF
1-7 Jamming 58.................................................................................................................................. HF
2-7 61.....................................................................................................................................................
3-7 64.........................................................................................................................................................
4-7 66.........................................................................................................................................................
67........................................................................................................................................... Burn Through 1-4-7
2-4-7 68...................................................................................................................[3] Burn Through
5-7 69.........................................................................................................................................................
6-7 72................................................................................................................................................................
73...................................................................................................................................................Look Through 7-7

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74....................................................................................................................................... 8-7
74.................................................................................................................. Range Gate Pull Off 1-8-7
76............................................................................................................................................................... 2-8-7
77................................................................................................................................................. Pull-Off Rate 3-8-7
77.....................................................................................................Counter - Counter Measures 4-8-7
79................................................................................................................................................................ 9-7
80.........................................................................................................................................................................................

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12................................................................................................................................................................................ 1-2
14................................................................................................................................................................................ 2-2
16................................................................................................................................................................................ 1-3
17................................................................................................................................................................................ 2-3
60................................................................................................................................................................................ 1-7

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10.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1-1
11.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1-2
18.................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-2
18.................................................................................................................................................................................. 3-2
21.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1-3
21.................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-3
22.................................................................................................................................................................................. 3-3
23.................................................................................................................................................................................. 4-3
41.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1-6
43.................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-6
43.................................................................................................................................................................................. 3-6
44.................................................................................................................................................................................. 4-6
45.................................................................................................................................................................................. 5-6
47.................................................................................................................................................................................. 6-6
50.................................................................................................................................................................................. 7-6
52.................................................................................................................................................................................. 8-6
54.................................................................................................................................................................................. 9-6
54...............................................................................................................................................................................10-6
54...............................................................................................................................................................................11-6
62.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1-7

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63.................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-7
64.................................................................................................................................................................................. 3-7
65.................................................................................................................................................................................. 4-7
67.................................................................................................................................................................................. 5-7
68.................................................................................................................................................................................. 6-7
71.................................................................................................................................................................................. 7-7
71.................................................................................................................................................................................. 8-7
73.................................................................................................................................................................................. 9-7
74...............................................................................................................................................................................10-7
75...............................................................................................................................................................................11-7
76...............................................................................................................................................................................12-7
78...............................................................................................................................................................................13-7

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HF
. HF
jumming .
HF
, EMC .
HF
. HF
. . HF
. HF .
HF .

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- .
1
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1901
_ . 1906 23
HF
HF
. .
" " 1930
" "
HF
HF . 1935
2
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HF
1-1
HF
) (Base Station
. HF
3
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4
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1-1
1 OSI .
HF .
HF . .
MIL-STD-188-110B MIL-STD-188-141B 2
3 STANAG 4285 4539 NATO FED-STD-1052
4 .
. " " 5
1
Open System Interconnection
2
US Military
3
Standard Agreements
4
US Federal Government
5
Auto-Baud
5
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1-1-1 MIL-STD-188-110
2400 1200 300 150 75
4800 . 110B
C 2400
. 8000 6400 4800 3200 9600
12800 .
2-1-1 STANAG 4285 , 4539
MIL-STD-188-110B
. " "
110A.
6
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3-1-1 FED-STD-1052
MIL-STD-188-110A
1 .
4-1-1 MIL-STD-188-141B
B 2
ALE . BW2 BW3
4800 5400 .
3 4 .
1
Data Link Layer
2
Automatic Link Establishment
3
Burst
4
Packet Based Networks
7
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2-1
HF OSI .
OSI
HF
. :
STANAG 4538 MIL-STD-188-141B . FED-STD-1045A
3-1
E MIL-STD-188-141B HF
HF . HF.
MIL-STD-187-721 HF
ALE .
HF .
8
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STANAG 5066 1 HF
. HF .
. 1-2
. MIL-STD-188-
141B . HF
. 141B
1-2 OSI HF
1
Transport
9
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4-1
HF .
MIL-STD-188-110B MIL-STD-188-110ASTANAG 4285
. STANAG 4539 MIL-STD-188-110A MIL-
STD-188-110B .
5-1
2-2 CCIR
. .
5 5
2 1 .
2400 110A
5 .
10
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2-2 [2] CCIR
1-2 ][5
1-1 D , C , B , A
. Pactor 2 , Pactor , Gtor ,
Clover , Amtor . Amtor Pactor B , A
1-2
11
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HF .
. ) (Com1, Com2
. Clover ISA .
. :
. .1
. .2
. .3
- 1 - 2 - 3 - 4
- 5 - 6 - 7
- 8 - 9
- 10 . - 11 )
12
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( - 12
ARQ
) (FEC 1
. .
clover .
clover 10 .
15183 .
1
Broadcast
13
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. 1-2
. HF
5 .
SNR.
2-2
Character

Sec
1 .
2-2
. .
%60
1
Header
14
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%75
1
%90 .
10 .
1
Throughput
15
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1-3
10 dB . 2-3
2-3
16
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. SNR
3-2
Amtor Pactor2
Amtor .
. Clover
Pactor Amtor .
G-Tor Clover
. Pactor2 Pactor
. 2-2 3-2
Pactor .
17
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Amtor .
[ 5] CCIR 2-2
3-2 [ 5] CCIR
18
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AMTOR
. 3 4
HF . PACTOR2
HF.
19
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1-3
HF .
HF .
TCP/IP
. STANAG 5066
HF TCP/IP . 1-3
1
Hierarchal
20
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1-3
TCP/IP
IP HF .
HF 2-3 .
2-3
HF .
21
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TCP/IP . 3-3
. .
3-3
8 .
1
Real Time
22
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4-3 ) (
23
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2-3
. HF
. .
HF
HF .
MATLAB HF Chansim
HF STANAG 5066
. TCP/IP
24
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1-4
. HF
HF
2-4
HF HF
HF
25
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HF
HF
. HF
. HF.
HF
HF
. HF
HF .
HF . HF
26
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HF
. HF
. HF . HF
HF
. HF
. -
27
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HF
. HF
28
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3-4 HF
HF .
HF
" " .
29
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1-5 HF
HF
Primary Suveillance Radar Secondary Suveillance Radar HF
).Primary Suveillance Radar )PSR
HF .
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4 )(Plan Position Indicator
) 2 (
. Tx Time.
30
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Directional . HF
) (
) (Omindirectional .
. Rx Time.
HF PPI .
HF Duplexer
Pulse
Tx Time
) (Tilt Angle HF Rx
Time Tx Time * Pulse Repitation Frequency :
. HF Rx
Time PRF . * Pulse Repitation Intervals :
Rx Time . PRI .
HF ) Secondary
31
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Suveillance Radar ( .
. PSR
:1- - 3-
4- HF PSR
HF .
HF PPI
HF
. ) ( Phase Comparator
HF PRF
Moving Target Indicator MTI Phase
32
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Comparator . MTI
. ***:
33
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2-5 Blind Speed
: )HF (
HF HF .
HF HF HF
. HF
HF
HF HF
. L
HF :
)Blind Speed ( m s ) = (L 2) * PRF Blind Speed ( Knots ) = (L*PRF 102.5
Blind Speed MTI Stagger
. ( PRF(
. Arcfading 3-5
34
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: MTI
HF HF PRF
. HF
Resolution CRT HF
Resolution :
1-Rang Resolution
2-Bearing Resolution
3-CRT Resolution
PPI .
HF
. HF Package .
X=V.T .
Package 300
4 Package 1200 . Rang Resolution
35
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Package HF
PPI( Blip ( .
Package ) 300 (
Package
HF
( ) Package . Package
Blip PPI .
HF .
C130
. HF .
, .
Bearing Resolution . HF
, HF
36
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Beam
Beam
blip PPI
Bearing Resolution . Range
Resolution ) (R Beam .
HF Beam HF
CRT Resolution . ) HF ( PPI CRT
. HF
Blip
37
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. .
: )
) . )
) .
HF .
38
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HF .
)HF(radio detection and ranging
. HF .
. ) )
. HF
HF
. , .
HF
39
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4-5
1886 .
HF
. 1920 1930 HF
. HF
HF ) (SLAR .
HF
. 1950 SLAR HF
) HF ( .
1960 HF
40
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1-6 HF
HF
. HF ,
1-6 ) (A
HF )(B .
HF ) (c .
1-6
41
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2-6
HF . HF
ka&k&ku band
X_band
C_band
S_band
L_band
)P_band (max
HF .
HF .
. ) 2-6 (3-6
. .
42
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2-6
3-6
3-6(polarization) :
. :
HF ,
)(vertical ) (horizontal ) 3-6).
HF
43
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. HF
3-6
* HH
* VV
* HV
* VH
H V .
44
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4-6 HF (radar geometry):
HF
)(flight direction)(A .
)(nadir)(B . HF
)(swath) (C .
( )(track (
. )(azimuth)(E
)(range)(D .
4-6
45
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5-6 :
(Near range): .
(far range) : .
(slant range): HF .
(ground range ) : .
(incidence angle) : HF .
(look angle) : HF.
HF :
) ) )(scattering
. HF
) ( )
( . :
) 1
) 2
) 3
46
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)(A HF .
HF .
. HF
HF .
. )(B .
)(C .
HF .
( ( .
HF .
5-6
47
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6-6 )(incidence angle
)(incidence angle
HF .
HF .
HF .
48
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7-6 (spatial resolution) :
HF .
HF
. HF
)(azimuth resolution (range
)resolution .
)HF (P .
. 6-6
1 2 3 4
) ( .
49
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HF ) (beam width) (A
)(slant range . .
7-6 1 2 HF
3 4
. HF .
7-6
8-6 HF )(synthetic aperture radar
HF
. .
HF 1 2 .
10 15 . HF
50
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HF HF .
)) (A .
HF . HF
. HF
HF (2.
) (B .
. .
HF SAR
. HF .
9-6 HF :
HF )(speckle .
) (
51
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) (8-6 .
8-6
. :
52
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) 1-9-6 (multi-looking processing):
HF )(
) 2-9-6(spatial filtering) :
) 5*5 ( 3*3
( .
9-6
53
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10-611 6 11 -6
10-6
11-6
. .
) (calibrasion .
HF .
54
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HF
. HF
HF .
HF . HF
10-6 :
HF :
) (stereo image .
55
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) (polqrimetry .
. HH VV VH HV
56
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11-6
HF .
57
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1-7 Jamming HF
Jamming .
[1] .
Jamming ) 1(ECM .
) 2(EA EA .
. "Soft Jamming
" Kill .
Jamming
. Jamming
Jamming 1-7 .
1
- Electromagnetic Counter Measures
2
- Electronic Attack
58
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59
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1-7
Communication
Jamming
. Radar Jamming
Cover Jamming
. Deceptive
Jamming
. Decoy
60
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- ) (
- ) (
- ) Standoff ( Self Protection
- ) Decoy (
2-7
COM-JAM ] [2,3
. VHF HF UHF
. .
. 1-7
1
- Communication Versus Jamming
61
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RCVR JMR XTMR
RCVR
XMTR
JMR
1-7 .
62
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)(
. .
)( . ) (
) ( .
RADAR
RADAR - Jammer
2-7 .
63
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3-7 )(
3-7
Cover )
(Versus Deceptive
. ) (SNR
. SNR ) (
. SNR
64
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)( )(
4-7 .
Actual target
Location
Target Location
RADAR
Determined
by Jammed Radar
4-7
4-7
self-protective versus stand- )
)(off Jamming
65
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. .
( .
) (self-protection
. ) (stand-off
66
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Self Protection Jamming
RADAR
Stand off Jamming
5-7 ) (Self protection
) (Stand-Off .
Burn Through 1-4-7

Burn-Through
J/S
67
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2-4-7 Burn Through
Burn-Through
Stand Off ) . (6-7
Self Protection . .
6-7 Burn-through
Burn -Through SNR
J/S
0 dB 40 . 10dB .
68
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Burn -Through ) (Stand Off
J/S .
J/S (dB) = 71 + PJ - PT + G J - G T/R + 20Log (DT ) - 10Log
20 log( DT ) 71 PJ PT G J GT / R 10 log J / S
20 log( DT )
DT 10
20
Burn -Through
J/S :
J/S (dB) PJ - PT G J - G T - 20 Log (DJ ) 20 Log (DS ) G RJ - G R

20 Log (DS ) PJ PT - G J G T 20 Log (D J ) G RJ G R J / S
20 log( DT )
DS 10
20
5-7
69
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SNR . .
) (KTB .
RCS .
SNR .
J/S SNR .
SNR RCS .
SNR .
SNR .
SNR
SNR
70
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) (7-7 .
7-7 .
8-7
71
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) ( .
).(8-7
1
6-7
. " " .
) (
) (9-7
. .
1
- Power Management
72
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9-7 .
Look Through 7-7

. Look Through .
Look Through
. Cancel
73
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1
8-7
SNR
1-8-7 Range Gate Pull Off
Mono pulse
10-7 .RGPF
1
- Range Deceptive Jamming
74
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. 0 J/S dB 6
- 11-7 .
) (11-7 early late
rage .
) true return
skin return ( .
75
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1
2-8-7
) (range )
( . ) Sine
3dB ( .
. ) (12-7
) range( .
12-7 RGPF .
1
- Resolution Cell
76
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Pull-Off Rate 3-8-7

.
. Pull-Off
(Tracking . )rate
) . (
Counter - Counter Measures 4-8-7

Counter - Counter Measures RGPF .
. Burn-Through .
Leading-edge . ) (13-7
77
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.Leading-edge 13-7
78
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9-7
Range
Gate Pull Off .
79
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" ) .1
1380 "(HF
2. A.B. Reynolds and W.D. Blair " Tactical High Frequency
Communications in the Land Arena - The Current State of the Art "
3. http://dspace.dsto.defence.gov.au/dspace/handle/1947/3402
4. IPS Space and Radio Service " Introduction to HF Radio
Propagation" , Australian Government
5. Kenpankho, P. Suwanjan, P." Transequatorial Radio Propagation
Monitoring " Information, Communications and Signal Processing, Dec.
2005 , On page(s): 1344- 1347.
6. Riley, T.J. , "A Comparison Of HF Radio Digital Protocol" , HF
Radio Systems and Techniques, Seventh International Conference on
(Conf. Publ. No. 441) Publication Date: 7-10 Jul 1997 On page(s): 206-
210
80
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Abstract
Restriction of Rang usual Radar to Reason Sphercity land until
Anttention to side Radar band HF that name are known ultra
Horizon.also exteraction parameters desirable target at rang effective
radarwith attention to design appropriate waveform will be sent.to the
firstfloor and then looked around to chech the hf radar summary it will
examine the study is methods of jumming.HF radar is aelectromagnetic
system that HFradar is used to detect and locate targets within the
environmental.it is like may,snow rain darkness.the used of grond HF
radar targets is see,air,space and weather.system with the ability to
create high in the tracking phenomena and create high quality images of
their main objective is to build a HF RADAE.
81
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Ministry of Science, research and technology
Adiban Higher education Institute (Nonprofit-NGO)
Department of Telecommunication Technologies Engineering
Switch Course
BA discontinues Thesis
Research Title:
Design Layers of radar Network and Jumming it
Advisor:
Eng. Tehrani
Collected By:
Sahar faryadpur
Summer 1390
82

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1-1-1 6................................................................................................................. MIL-STD-188-110

2-1-1 6........................................................................................................... STANAG 4285,4539

3-1-1 7.......................................................................................................................... FED-STD-1052

2-5 34................................................................................................................................. Blind Speed

6-6 )48...................................................................................................................... (incidence angle

7-6 49........................................................................................................ (spatial resolution) :

8-6 HF 50............................................................... (synthetic aperture radar):

53..................................................................................................................................... (spatial filtering) 2-9-6

1-7 Jamming 58.................................................................................................................................. HF

67........................................................................................................................................... Burn Through 1-4-7

2-4-7 68...................................................................................................................[3] Burn Through

73...................................................................................................................................................Look Through 7-7

74.................................................................................................................. Range Gate Pull Off 1-8-7

77................................................................................................................................................. Pull-Off Rate 3-8-7

77.....................................................................................................Counter - Counter Measures 4-8-7

" " 1930

3 STANAG 4285 4539 NATO FED-STD-1052

2400 1200 300 150 75

. 8000 6400 4800 3200 9600

2-1-1 STANAG 4285 , 4539

ALE . BW2 BW3

STANAG 4538 MIL-STD-188-141B . FED-STD-1045A

MIL-STD-188-110B MIL-STD-188-110ASTANAG 4285

. STANAG 4539 MIL-STD-188-110A MIL-

2-2 [2] CCIR

. Pactor 2 , Pactor , Gtor ,

Clover , Amtor . Amtor Pactor B , A

Primary Suveillance Radar Secondary Suveillance Radar HF

).Primary Suveillance Radar )PSR

- 4 )(Plan Position Indicator

Time Tx Time * Pulse Repitation Frequency :

Time PRF . * Pulse Repitation Intervals :

Moving Target Indicator MTI Phase

2-5 Blind Speed

)Blind Speed ( m s ) = (L 2) * PRF Blind Speed ( Knots ) = (L*PRF 102.5

Blind Speed MTI Stagger

4 Package 1200 . Rang Resolution

Bearing Resolution . Range

CRT Resolution . ) HF ( PPI CRT

)HF(radio detection and ranging

)(vertical ) (horizontal ) 3-6).

4-6 HF (radar geometry):

(look angle) : HF.

6-6 )(incidence angle

7-6 (spatial resolution) :

)(azimuth resolution (range

8-6 HF )(synthetic aperture radar

) 1-9-6 (multi-looking processing):

- ) Standoff ( Self Protection

RCVR JMR XTMR

self-protective versus stand- )

Self Protection Jamming

5-7 ) (Self protection

Burn Through 1-4-7

2-4-7 Burn Through

Stand Off ) . (6-7

Burn -Through SNR

Burn -Through ) (Stand Off

J/S (dB) = 71 + PJ - PT + G J - G T/R + 20Log (DT ) - 10Log

J/S (dB) PJ - PT G J - G T - 20 Log (DJ ) 20 Log (DS ) G RJ - G R

Look Through 7-7

1-8-7 Range Gate Pull Off