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Index

Notes: text in boxes is indicated by bold page numbers and in figures and tables by Italic page numbers.

A Box-Jenkins models 213 Correlation 232, 275, 276, 450, 568

Adaptive management 24, 257, 322, 421, 466, Budget 302, 368, 525, 578 Cost-effectiveness 298, 360, 627
504, 559, 576 Cost 10, 53, 62, 82, 98, 123, 130, 281, 299301
Advective transport 385, 522 C Covariance 206, 271
Aeration 436 Calibration 69, 118, 120, 148, 257, 260, 441 Critical value 169, 401
Agriculture 11, 16, 51, 113, 325, 405, 458, 475, Capacity expansion 61, 98, 368 Crop 581, 583, 592
501, 564, 581, 675, 608 Capital 16, 82, 454 Cross-correlation 196
Algae Capital recovery factor 83
Eutrophication 3, 15, 393, 45059, 47478 Case Studies 48, 467478 D
507520 Censored data 19395 Data
Modelling 30, 59, 412, 497514 Central limit theorem 276 Collection 560, 564, 570
Allocations 20, 60, 83, 85, 138, 156, 236, 303, Chance constraints 235 Management 565
356, 364, 389 Climate change 4, 257, 542, 58890, 608 Mining 163
Alternatives 23, 45, 52, 59, 214, 284, 286, Coasts Dead storage 342, 343, 364, 366
29596, 313, 35960, 613 Beaches 538 Decision-making 22, 25, 29, 47, 92, 265,
Anaerobic 393, 452, 497 Management 540 29495, 46264
Annual value 82 zones 535 Decision
Aquatic systems 386, 464, 501, 656 Coefficient of skewness 174, 176, 178, 190 Support systems 26, 4749, 78
Aquifer 6, 50, 51, 199, 333, 542, 656 Coefficient of variation 174, 178, 189 Uncertainty 24, 72, 258, 260
Artificial neural networks 41, 147, 148 Coliform Variables 60, 81
Autocorrelations 198, 201 Bacteria 378, 391, 435 Deficit value 315
Autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) Count 379 Degrees of freedom 76
models 213 Collective goods 300 Demand
Average values 170, 283 Compensation criterion 300 Agricultural 357
Competitive conditions 299 Function 358
B Concave functions 84, 89, 130 Industrial 35657
Benefits 3, 46, 60, 81, 85, 293, 342, 513, 597, Concentration gradient 385 Municipal 356
627, 629 Confidence intervals 184, 219, 260 Depression storage 439440
Benefitcost Constraint method 31120 Depth 102, 154, 173, 261, 268, 306,
Analyses 298, 360, 627 Constraints 39, 60, 64, 87, 266, 296 402, 491
Ratio 674, 669 Constituents Design 255, 272, 388, 43739, 456, 493, 509,
Bias 150, 176 Conservative 390 560, 565
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 390, 449, First-Order 390 Deterministic equivalent 236
451, 478 Continuous variables 70 Deterministic modelling 231
Boundary conditions 74, 260, 536 Convex functions 86, 130 Differential equations 89, 416

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678 Index

Differential persistence 209 Flood dikes and levees 607, 632 K

Dimensionality 97 Management 51 Kilowatts 359
Disaggregation 209, 211 Protection 43, 360, 362 Knowledge uncertainty 258, 260, 420
Discount factors 82 Reservoir 169, 170, 216 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 183
Dispersion Return period 197, 362, 366
Bulk 399 Risk 170, 359 L
Dispersive transport 385, 522 Storage 326 Lagrange multipliers 71, 8386
Dissolved oxygen 41, 39093, 435 Flow augmentation 295, 296 Lake
Distribution systems 427 Flux 386, 402, 513 Outflow 406
Diversions 83, 234, 239, 355, 364 Fractional factorial design 272 Quality 406
Dominance 31011, 585 Fuzzy Recreation 362
Droughts Models 142 Land 59, 204, 300, 377, 590
El Nio and La Nia 587 Optimization 135 Latin hypercube sampling 275, 278
Indices 59095 Sets 138, 140 Level 20, 48, 103, 169, 380, 501, 542, 650
Management 581, 596 Lexicography 313
Triggers 596 Light 32, 400, 413, 430, 571
Virtual exercises 596 G
Linear programming
Dynamic expansion 368 Generalized likelihood estimates 181, 192
Piecewise linearization 126, 128
Dynamic Programming Genetic algorithms 147, 156, 158, 341
Linearizations 127
Backward-moving 92 Genetic programming 148, 15963
Loading 10, 41, 380, 445, 446
Deterministic 24041 Global optimum 89, 158
Local optima 89, 162
Dimensionality 97 Goal attainment 31415
Log-likelihood 180
Forward-moving 9596 Goal programming 315
Long-run 23, 303, 305, 368
Network 90 Goodness-of-fit 176, 186, 277
Loss 6, 21, 272, 341, 377, 534, 584
Stochastic 133 Groundwater
Flows 326, 33435, 509
Interactions 336, 513 M
E Management
Management 540, 542
Ecology Adaptive 24, 31
Modelling 336
Ecological criteria 306308 Approaches 24
Growth 9, 16, 22, 195, 390, 414, 468
Economics Models 28, 30
Criteria 298 Marginal 82, 172, 208, 299
Long-run benefits 303 H Market prices 299, 300301
Loss functions 305 Hazen plotting position 183 Markov
Short-run benefits 303 Heat 389, 390 Chains 198200
Economies of scale 98 Heavy metals 39899, 452 Processes 198200
Ecosystems 3, 21, 26, 306, 377, 500 Hill-climbing methods 84 Mass diagram 343, 344
Effective 26, 71, 331, 381, 559 Hydroelectric power 18, 35759 Mass transport 385
Environmental Hydrological Maximum likelihood estimates 186, 188
Criteria 305306 Models 32829 Mean 103, 169, 174, 265, 271, 320, 351, 393
Impacts 303 Parameters 329 Median 169, 173, 282, 590
Epilimnion 407 Processes 329 Method of moments 180, 181
Equity 28, 142, 309, 388, 675 Groundwater 333 Michaelis-Menten kinetics 393, 395
Equivalent 8283, 284, 343 Surface water 329, 331 Mineralization 408, 498
Error 175, 176, 257, 260, 276, 277 Hypolimnion 407 Model
Estimation 17982, 299300, 339, 348 Hypothesis 282, 446 Adequacy 18284
Estimators 17376 Calibration 118120, 121
Eutrophication 252, 287, 393, 45059, Data 465
47478 I
Development 45, 46, 71
Evaporation 326, 332, 34652, 355 Impervious 380, 440, 496
Dynamic 153
Excess value 127 Incremental flow 84, 419
Errors 259, 260
Expansion 16, 368 Index-flood method 195, 196
Fuzzy 138
Expectations 4, 173, 559 Indifference analysis 284, 313
Journal 72
Expected value 169, 173, 248, 321 Inequality constraints 89
Linear 70, 113
Infiltration 328, 329, 437, 441, 496
Output 255, 258, 283
Inflation 70, 198
F Optimization 6465, 83
Interest 8283
Failure 45, 217, 218, 348, 63135, 674 Selection criteria 38081
Internal rate of return 674
Feasible 63, 240, 24647 Shared-vision 31
Interquartile range 173
Finite difference 416 Simulation 64
Investments 27, 28, 59, 83, 660
Firm yield 347 Steady-state 38688
Irreversibility 284
First-order 53, 198, 238, 27071 Structure 255, 260
Irrigation 3, 4, 70, 211, 298, 357, 474, 648
Fixed costs 98, 130 Success 46667
Flood Verification 41, 72, 155
Damage 342, 361 J Moments
Flood storage capacity 359, 343 Joules 359 L-moments 17678

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Monitoring Performance criteria 20, 62, 293, 295 Rainfall

Network 564, 565 Phosphorus Design rainfall 43839
Plan 563 Cycle 410, 411 Distribution in space and time 438
Sampling 564, 566 Model 410 Models 44445
Monte Carlo Photosynthesis 392, 415, 452, 490 Synthetic rainfall 438
Sampling 273, 274, 275 Plan Random variables
Simulation 23335, 274 Formulation 6163 Independent 172, 180
Multi-criteria analyses Implementation 32, 75, 164, 467 Rank 283, 313, 348
Constraint method 31113 Selection 61, 6364 Rate 81, 82, 83, 153, 170, 306, 331, 380, 432,
Dominance 310 Planning 491, 585, 617
Goal-attainment 314 Approaches 24 Reaction 7, 386, 393, 415
Goal-programming 315 Economic 2728 Re-aeration 384, 392, 415
Indifference analysis 313 Financial 27 Recreation 325, 362, 516
Interactive methods 315 Integrated 26, 31 Recurrence 348, 585, 618
Lexicography 313 Plant capacity 358 Recursive 90, 94, 97, 207
Satisficing 313 Plant factor 358 Redundant constraints 89
Weighting method 311 Plotting positions 183, 186 Regional 8, 44, 59, 176, 255, 298, 427, 462,
Multiple criteria or objectives 321 Policy 5, 19, 26, 86, 107, 164, 242, 311, 322, 517, 568, 585, 619
Multiple purposes 20, 231, 355, 461, 624 379, 421, 428, 598, 647 Regionalization 176, 195
Multiple yields 347, 352 Population 3, 6, 175, 204, 319, 405, 517, 531, Regret 31
Multiplier 88 574, 598, 652 Reliability 45, 294, 321
Multivariate models 209 Precipitation 70, 205, 257, 326, 399, 590 Reservoir
Present value 63, 82, 298, 369, 674 Active storage volume 103
Price 86, 220, 300, 302, 428, 664 Capacity 115
N
Primary treatment 435 Dead storage volume 353
National economic development 309
Principal of optimality 97 Flood storage volume 353
Navigation 21, 163, 164, 356, 613, 619, 623
Probability Operation 102
Network 90, 148, 432, 434, 565
Conditional Optimization 68
Nitrogen
Distribution 172 Over-year storage 203
Cycle 409
Beta 182 Release rule 102
Models 381, 409
Cumulative 171 Simulation 68, 352
Non-inferior 310, 312
Density 171 Yield 114
Non-point
Exponential 184 Within-year storage 353
Models 296
Functions 179 Resilience 111, 321, 535, 559
Quality 296
Gamma 18789 Respiration 392, 393, 415, 498
Runoff 356, 427
Gumbel and GEV 190 Response 4, 77, 153, 268, 302, 368, 380, 444,
Normal distributions 275
Lognormal 18687 490, 559, 585, 620
Nutrients
Log-Pearson Type 3 18990 Return period 197, 362, 438, 493, 674
Cycling 408
Normal 18687 Revenue 28, 87
Models 41213
Exceedance 183 Risk 359, 451, 609, 627, 631, 634
Joint 171 Rivers 48384
O Marginal 172, 208 River basins
Objective 43, 59, 63, 138, 156, 179, 256, 293, Transition 199 Management 328
364, 605, 656 Unconditional 200 Simulation 215
OMR Costs 83 Production 3, 7, 18, 86, 298, 309, 357, 386, Root zone 332, 513
Operating policy 59, 60, 107, 214, 216, 248 434, 673 Routing 341, 342, 440, 627, 662
Operating rule 352 Project Rule curves 102, 248, 353
Operational hydrology 225 Management 72 Runoff 439441, 444
Operations Research 56, 133 Scheduling 368
Opportunity cost 27, 302 Public 5, 12, 43, 83, 266, 295, 456, 463, 546, S
Optimal 24, 54, 64, 81, 161, 248, 264, 310 596, 609, 645 Safe yield 347
Optimization 59, 60, 81, 135, 239, 309, 368, 453
Sampling
Organics Q Monte Carlo 27375
Micropollutants 397 Quality Uncertainty 27576
Over-year 203, 348 Impacts 448 Satisficing 313
Oxygen 41, 297, 378, 390, 435, 450, 514, 562 Quantity Scale
Flows 271, 325 Processes 75, 76
P Storage 27, 327 Spatial 22, 327
Parameter Velocities 325 Temporal 23, 327
Calibration 120, 150, 260, 263, 333 Quantiles 173, 176, 278 Scarcity 20, 298, 505
Uncertainty 260 Scheduling 368370, 455
Value 260 R Screening 30, 251, 359, 562, 569, 669
performance measures 59, 103, 135, 281, 352 Radioactive substances 396, 400 Search 7, 63, 97, 147, 192, 319, 454, 461
Peak flow 360, 362, 486, 628, 630 Radionuclides 400 Second-order conditions 180

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Sediment Storage-yield Model 441, 442

Bed load 403 Functions 344, 346 Pollutant loading 445
Burial 402 Storms Runoff 439
Resuspension and Sedimentation 401 Stormwater 447
Settling 396, 397, 398 Stratification 407
V
Suspended load 492 Streamflow
Validation 72, 151, 570
Seepage 103, 257, 336, 504 Estimation 33940
Variability 258, 259
Sensitivity Gauge 328, 340
Variables
Analyses 261 Generation 203
Deterministic 169
Coefficients 267 Routing 341
Random 170, 174, 214
First-order analysis 270 Synthetic values 203
Variance 174, 175, 232, 255, 320, 588
Sequent peak analyses 343 Streeter and Phelps 390
Verification 16, 41, 69, 154, 384
Settling Students t-distribution 222
Vulnerability 111, 220, 319, 321, 559, 598
Detritus 409 Substitution 173, 210, 298
Inorganic 409 Sustainability 20, 23, 322, 483, 503
Sediment 398 Synthetic Streamflow 203, 205 W
Sewer systems 448, 478 Systems analysis 12, 30, 476 Wastewater
Silica Cycle 411 Systems Approach 461 Collection 427, 434
Simulation Discharge 434
Accuracy 416 Treatment 43536
T
Methods 416 Water
Target 104, 278, 575
Uncertainty 420 Groundwater 124, 333, 336, 513, 542
Temperature 76, 38990
Social criteria 24, 308 Polluted 21
Thermocline 407
Stakeholder 4, 45, 295, 364, 463, 535, Quality 434, 497, 506, 122
Thomas-fiering model 213
561, 626 Quantity 567
Time periods 327
State variable 90, 97 Surface water 331, 592
Time series 197, 259, 437
Static analyses 327 Watershed 23, 76, 103, 148, 193, 261, 297,
Time value 82
Stationarity 197 328, 379, 427, 466, 585, 608
Toxic chemicals 396, 534
Statistical 41, 69, 147, 183, 231, 259, 320, Weibull plotting position 183, 185
Tradeoffs 59, 280, 293, 29697, 355, 388
329, 380, 438, 465, 564 Weighting method 311
Transition probability 199, 238
Steady-state 107, 200, 353, 386 Wetlands 510
Transpiration 326, 332, 439, 513
Step method 73, 315 Wilcoxon test 283
Transport 14, 118, 162, 293, 367, 385, 448,
Stochastic Willingness to pay 82, 299
464, 491, 626
Model 216 Wilson-Hilferty transformation 189
Trial and error 63, 103, 157, 214, 421, 454
Optimization 239 Withdrawals 3, 355
Processes 197 Within-year
Simulation 214 U Periods 347, 354
Variables 214 Uncertainty 254, 258 Storage 347
Storage zones Analyses 261
Active 343 Model 262
Y
Dead 362 Parameter 260, 262
Yield 113, 114, 344, 347
Flood 360 Uniform 83, 157, 214, 232, 277, 333, 434,
Over-year 353 523, 612
Stratified 407 Urban Z
Within-year 353 Drainage 437 Zooplankton 410, 569

WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT ISBN 92-3-103998-9 UNESCO 2005