STUDENT ID N MULTIMEDIA to | UNIVERSITY Nl l LTT MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY FINAL EXAMINATION ‘TRIMESTER 3, 2012/2013 EME4096 - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (ME) 10 MAY 2013 09.00 a.m — 11.00 a.m 2 Hours) INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS: 1. This Question paper consists of 5 pages including cover page with 5 Questions only 2. Attempt FOUR out of FIVE questions. All questions carry equal marks and the distribution of the marks for each question is given. Please write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided,esos INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES vo may 2013 Question 1 (a) Define the following terms: i, Connecting rod [2 marks} ii, Clearance volume [2 marks} iii. Indirect injection [2 marks} iv. Fuel air ratio [2 marks] (b) List two advantages of a two-stroke cycle engine over a four-stroke cycle engine and, [4 marks} List two advantages of a four-stroke cycle engine over a two-stroke cycle engine, [4 marks} (©) In-line four cylinders, a two-stroke cycle CI engine produces 1200 kW of brake power at 500 rpm using stoichiometric light diesel fuel. The engine has bore diameter of 20 cm, stroke of 25 cm, volumetric efficiency of 95% and mechanical efficiency of 85% and combustion efficiency of 95%. The given density of air is 1.18] ke/m?. Calculate: i, mass flow rate of fuel consumed by the engine, [4 marks} ii, specific emissions of hydrocarbon due to unburned fuel, [3 marks] iii, emissions index of hydrocarbons due to unburned fuel. [2 marks} Question 2 An engine SI V6 (2.4 liter) operates on a four-stroke cycle at 5000 rpm, the compression ratio is 9.5:1. The engine has bore diameter of 10 cm and the length connecting rod is 17 cm. This engine is connected to a dynamometer, which gives a brake output torque reading of 150 Nm. At that speed, air enters the cylinders at 90 kPa and 60°C. The mechanical efficiency of the engine is 90%. Calculate: i, length of stroke, [2 marks} ii, average piston speed, [2 marks] brake power, [2 marks} iv, indicated power, [2 marks] vy. fimep, [6 marks] vi. brake power per unit mass of gas in the cylinder, and [8 marks] vii, engine specific volume. (3 marks} Continued... SANAZ wsEME09 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES a MAY 2013, Question 3 (a) With the heip of a neat sketch, explain the effect of the compression ratio on the efficiency of the Otto cycle. [5 marks} Find the vaiue of the efficiency, if the compression ratio is 10 and the ratio of the specific heats k= 1.4. [3 marks} (b) A diesel engine operating on the air standard Diesel cycle has six cylinders of 100 mm bore and 120 mm stroke. The engine speed is 1800 rpm. At the beginning of the compression the pressure and temperature of air are 1.03 bar and 35 °C respectively. If the clearance volume is 1/8" of the stroke volume, calculate: i. the compression ratio, [2 marks} the pressure and temperature at the relevant points of the cycle, [8 marks) iii, the efficiency of the cycle, and [3 marks] iv. the power output of the engine [4 marks} Assume the Cyand C, of air to be 1.004 and 0.717 ki/kg.K respectively Question 4 (2) List at least five disadvantages of the alcoho! fuel [5 marks} (b) The engine exhaust gas dry analysis for a four cylinder engine run on a propane C:Hs fuel is as follows: COz = 4.9%, CO=9.79%, O: (Volume percentage ~ molar percent) i, write the balanced combustion reaction equation of burning the fuel, {8 marks] it. calculate the actual fuel air ratio, [4 marks} iii, estimate the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, [4 marks} iv. determine the equivalence ratio, [4 marks} Continued... SANZ 35(TERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 1oMAY 2013 Question $ @) (b) SANAZ In the compression ignition combustion, there are a series of events that, occur after injection of fuel, lit these events, and explain them briefly [10 marks} A 3 liter, V6, four stroke cycle SI engine is designed to have a maximum speed of 6800 rpm. At this speed, volumetric efficiency is 85%. The engine is equipped with a six barrel carburaters, each barre! having a discharge coefficient of Cp, 93, The fuel used is gasoline at AF 15:1 (Density of gasoline p = 750 kg/m’ and density of air py, = 1.181 kg/m’), Calculate: i. the minimum throat diameter needed in cach carburetor venture, [7 marks] ii, the fuel capiliary tube diameter needed for each venture throat if tube coefficient of discharge Coe is 0.86 and the capillary tube height differential is small. 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