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KHOA MI TRNG
BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
CH : NH GI TC NG MI TRNG XY DNG NH MY
XI MNG
MNG TU HO 0712575
NGUYN TH HU 0713587
NGUYN TH NG 0712199
KT LUN CHUNG
BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG CA NH MY XI
MNG H TIN 2
M U
Xut x ca d n
Cng vi nhp pht trin kinh t c mc tng trng nhanh, nhu cu xy
dng ni chung, xy dng cc trung tm th ln, cc h tng c s k thut, h
thng ng x... cng ngy cng tr nn cp thit. Quyt nh s 108/2005/Q-
TTg ngy 16/5/2005 ca Chnh ph ph duyt quy hoch pht trin ngnh xi mng
n nm 2010 v nh hng n nm 2020.Nhm p ng nhu cu nu trn, chc
chn trong thi gian ti hot ng sn xut xi mng s ngy cng pht trin mnh
c v chiu su v chiu rng. Hot ng sn xut ny s em li hiu qu kinh t
cao, song cng l loi hnh cng nghip c nhiu tim nng gy nhim, suy thoi
mi trng.
Ngh nh 80/2006
CHNG 1 : M T TM TT D N
1.1. Tn d n
Cng ty xi mng H Tin 2 cng sut 1400.000 tn / nm
1.2. Ch d n:
Cng ty CP Xi Mng H Tin 2 l mt doanh nghip nh nc (trc thuc
Tng Cng ty CN xi mng Vit nam ) c tr s chnh t ti Th trn Kin
Lng, Huyn Kin Lng, Tnh Kin Giang.
1.3. V tr a l ca d n:
Cng ty xi mng H Tin 2 thu c th trn Kin Lng- huy n H Tin- tnh
Kin Giang. Cng ty nm doc theo quc l 80 cch th x Rch Ga- Kin
Giang 60 km v hng ng Nam, cch bin gii Campuchia v pha Bc
khong chng 30 km. Di n tch ton cng ty l 9686600 m2, trong di n tch
sn xut l 345947 m2.
1.4. Ni dung ch yu ca d n
1) Quy m nh my
2) Nng lc sn xut hin ti 2009
Sn xut clinker
1) S sn xut ca nh my:
Phng thc vn chuyn, phn phi xi mng bng ng b, ng thu (nu c),
CHNG II
IU KIN T NHIN , MI TRNG V KINH T X HI
I. iu kin t nhin
II. c im kinh t - x hi
- pH - Phng php
Kjendahn
- Cc kim loi nng
- Phng php trc
quang
- My o pH
- Quang ph hp th
nguyn t
- Sc k kh
- Phng php o
khi lng
- My o PM10
- Vn tc - nt -
- Tn s - nt -
2.2.1. Mi trng t
2.2.2. Mi trng nc
2.2.4. Ting n
1) a hnh v th nhng:
Cng ty Xi mng H Tin 2 nm trong vng ranh gii ca 2 tiu vng sinh
thi l: vng ni st v vng ng lt na h.
2) Kh hu
a) Nhit khng kh
b) m khng kh
c) p sut kh quyn
d) Ma
- Ti Rch Ga
Ti H Tin
f) Sng m v tm nhn
g) Ch gi
Vn tc trung bnh trong thi gian ny thay i t 0,1 m/s n 3,9 m/s. Vn
tc cc i o c hai ln vi vn tc trong khong 9 - 14 m/s. T thng 4 n
thng 5 hng gi thay i t ng Bc ti Ty Nam. Trong thng 10 hng gi
thay i t Ty Nam ti ng Bc.
h) Bo: Khu vc kho st t b nh hng trc tip ca bo. Theo kt qu quan trc
trong thi gian 39 nm, ti y trung bnh 10 nm mi c 1 cn bo.
3) Ch triu:
Theo di trn knh cho thy nh hng triu gy nn hin tng xm nhp
mn. Vo ma nc (thng ma ma) nc trong knh khu vc nh my ngot.
Vo ma kh nc l.
Trong thng 12- 1995, khu vc xung quanh Cng ty Xi mng H Tin 2
b nhim khng kh do bi, nng bi trong khng kh xung quanh cao hn
tiu chun (TCVN 5937 - 1995) cho php (0,38 - 0,73 mg/m3). Cc cht nhim
c ngun gc t vic t nhin liu ha thch (SO2 v NO2) thp hn tiu chun
khong 4 ln v 15 ln (SO2: 0,056 - 0,14 mg/m3; NO2: 0,018 - 0,027 mg/m3).
Khu vc xa Cng ty hn (Ba Hn - Hn Chng) khng kh cn sch, t tiu
chun khng kh cho khu dn c. C th ni, nguyn nhn chnh gy nhim
khng kh l hot ng ca ngnh CN xi mng trong phn chnh l Cng ty xi
mng v giao thng vn ti.
Trong bn thng s nhim bi, SO2, ting n tin hnh o kim tra ch c
nng SO2 v NO2 l t tiu chun ca mi trng. Ring nng NOx trong
xng hn cao do nh hng ca khi hn qun trong xng. Cht lng khng
kh trong v ngoi khu vc Cng ty xi mng H Tin 2 hin nay b nhim ch
yu do bi v ting n. Nguyn nhn chnh l cha kim sot c lng bi thi
ra t cc ngun khc nhau trong qu trnh sn xut. Vic xc nh ngun gc v
c trng cc ngun nhim t ra cc phng n x l gim thiu
nhim l mt trong nhng ni dung c bn ca bo co nh gi tc ng mi
trng ny.
Cht lng nc mt
Trong vng ven Cng ty Xi mng H Tin 2 khng pht hin cc loi ng
vt hoang d qu him, ti mt s ni vi Cy Xoi v Bi Voi Ln thuc Cng
ty xi mng Sao Mai c mt s by kh. Cc loi ng vt hoang d Kin Lng
pht hin vi s lng cn phong ph l: cc loi b st (rn, ra, tc k ...);
cc loi lng th (ch, nhi) v nhiu loi cn trng.
2) Sinh vt y
- Trm 3: cng ch thu c Giun nhiu t (ho Maldanidae), khi lng 0,1
g/m2 v mt 20 con/m2.
Ngoi Giun ra, cha pht hin c mt loi sinh vt y no khc ti vng ny.
Sinh vt y trong khu vc ngho nn. Cht y ti cc trm thu mu l bn
st vn cc, khng thch hp cho sinh vt y sinh sng. Nguyn liu ri vi v
cc cht thi ca Nh my xi mng y l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn lm
cho y ca knh khng ph hp cho sinh vt y.
3) ng vt ph du
1) Dn s lao ng
2) Hot ng kinh t
- Cng nghip
Kin Lng l th trn cng nghip tp trung ln nht tnh Kin Giang v
thuc loi ln BSCL (ch sau khu CN Tr Nc Cn Th). S lng cng
nhn ti cc Cng ty ln gn 2000 ngi (Cng ty Xi mng H Tin 2 c 1300
ngi, xi mng Kin Giang c 350 ngi, cng nhn x nghip lp my 18 - 2 trn
250 ngi). S lao ng lm vic ti cc c s tiu th cng nghip ti Kin
Lng trn 500 ngi. Do c th ni CN v tiu CN l ngnh kinh t quan
trong nht ca Kin Lng. Tng sn phm cng nghip (k c ca Trung ng)
hng nm trn 150.000.000 USD.
- Nng nghip
Gan 70 % s dn th trn lm nng nghip. Nng nghip trong th trn b
nh hng ca cc yu t: vng t ngp nc c mn cao v ma kh v c
kh nng b axt ha vo u ma ma nn kh t nng sut cao.
Din tch t canh tc la hin nay ch 1100 ha (7,3 % tng din tch th
trn), do nh hng mn nn phn ln din tch ch trng la 1 v (la ma) nng
sut 3 - 4 tn/ha. Din tch cy mu (bp, m) v rau ch 100 ha. Din tch cy di
ngy (iu, bch n) 100 ha. Phn ln din tch t ca th trn vn cn b
hoang, do iu kin canh tc kh khn.
- Dch v
Dch v ng vai tr quan trong ti Th trn cng nghip ny. Kin Lng c khu
vc ch rng ln vi trn 500 sp hng (in my, bch ha, thc phm, nh
hng). Doc quc l c nhiu hng qun n ung, tp ha, sa cha xe, tim may.
Ngh xe m kh pht trin vi trn 50 u xe, phn ln ngi chy xe m l cng
nhn cc Cng ty Nh nc hin ang b tht nghip.
- Thu nhp
Thu nhp bnh qun ca nhn dn Kin Lng l 3.500.000 /nm (2005)
thuc loi trung bnh so vi ton tnh Kin Giang.
- Gio dc
- Vn ha
- Y t
Cc bnh ph bin hin nay ch yu l bnh truyn nhim: tiu chy, l, ph khoa,
st rt. T l tr em suy dinh dng kh cao (ti p L Bom c 122 em di 12
thng trong c 10 em b suy dinh dng cp 1, 2).
- C s h tng
- Cp in
- V sinh mi trng
Th trn c din tch ln, c s h tng tng i tt, iu kin pht trin
kinh t, vn ha, y t kh hn phn ln cc huyn Kin Giang v BSCL. Kt
qu ny c c mt phn l nh s pht trin cng nhip trong vng, trong
Cng ty Xi mng H Tin 2 ng vai tr ch o. Tuy nhin, Kin Lng vn
cha thot khi tnh trng lc hu v nng, lm nghip, vn ha, gio dc, y t ...
Do vy vic y mnh cng nghip ha, pht trin cc c s sn xut hin hu,
nh Cng ty Xi mng H Tin 2, l 3) Kt lun chung v kinh t - x hi th
trn Kin Lng
nhu cu cp bch.
kin ca ngi dn
Qua phng vn 12 ch h sng ven quc l cch Cng ty t 200 m n
5000 m, kin ca nhn dn tp trung 2 im sau:
CHNG IV
NH GI TC NG TI MI TRNG CA NH MY XI MNG
H TIN2
4.1.1/ Cc tc ng:
- Tc ng do v tr ca Cng ty
- nh hng do thit k.
- Cc tc ng do hot ng ca nh my.
- Bc d vn chuyn, lu tr
Cng ty xi mng nm th trn Kin Lng thuc huyn H Tin tnh Kin
Giang. Th trn nm ranh gii gia hai tiu vng sinh thi: vng ni st v vng
ng l h. Cnh nh my xi mng c ba hn ni c tn ni Cm, ni Tru v ni
Chu Hang cng nm trong khu vc ny. Theo nh qui hoch v khai thc ca nh
my ni Cm, ni Tru cn c th cung cp nguyn liu cho Cng ty khong 15
nm,ni ny c qui nh bo tn. Nh vy hot ng ca nh my nh hin nay
c nh hng ln n cnh quan t nhin khu vc nhng khng vi phm cc vng
c quy hoch bov.
-i vi cng trnh ln cn
nguyn liu
0,14 kg bi/tn khi xay, sng kh hoc 0,009 kg/tn nu xay sng t.
Vi khi lng khai thc 1.607.000 tn/nm th lng bi sinh ra trong khu vc
c tnh l:
- Khai thc t st
Lng bi bay vo khng kh trong hot ng khai thc, vn chuyn v cha ti
bi c tnh khong 0,134 kg/tn t st. Khi lng t st c khai thc l
297.800 tn/nm nn ti lng bi bay vo khng kh l 39,9 tn/nm.
-Tc ng ca bi v t st
*/ Hot ng sn xut
+Bi nguyn liu ( vi, t st, laterite, ct theo phng php kh v vi, t
st, laterite theo phng php t) pht sinh trong qu trnh vn chuyn, d tr
trong cc kho, bi cha.
+Bi nguyn liu sinh ra trong qu trnh vn chuyn trn cc bng ti, gu nng,
mng trt, phu cn nh lng, rt, nghin, trn
+Kh thi sinh ra t ng khi l nung clinker c cha bi, CO, CO2, SO2 v NOx.
+Bi clinker trong qu trnh vn chuyn clinker ti si lo, rt clinker t silo cha
xung bng ti, xut clinker ri xung x lan ti bn xut
nh mc tieu
hao gach chu la
1.7 1.0
kg/tan clinker
Tnh trn tng lng khi thot ra t ng khi th ga tr nng crom khong
6.7.10-6 mg/m3.
Ti lng nhim
Ga tr tnh Ga tr o
Nong o bui g/m3 17 - 25 16,5
- Tiu chun QCVN 23 - 2009 qui nh v nng cho php cc cht nhim
trong kh thi.
- Tiu chun QCVN 05 -2009 qui nh nng cc cht nhim ti a cho php
i vi cht lng khng kh xung quanh. Tm tt ghi trong cc Bng 4.8 - 4.9:
Thong so n v Gia tr
1 Mc tieu thu dau day kg/h 5500
chuyen t
2 Han lng lu huynh % wt 0,3
ac tnh cua kh thai
3
Nhiet o kh thoat ra tai o
C 120
mieng thai cua ong khoi
o
K 393
Lu lng kh m3/h 240,000
m3/s 66.67
Lu lng kh 120oC m3/s 95.97
4 Thanh phan kh tai mieng thai cua ong khoi
2. S g/s 8.5
O
2
mg/m3 88.57
3. N g/s 17.92
O
x
mg/m3 186.73
4. B g/s 1200,2
u
i
(
1
8
g
/
m
3
)
mg/m3 12506
Cau hnh cua ong khoi
5
ng knh ong khoi mm 3000
Chieu cao ong khoi (thc mm 65000
te)
Nguon: Bao cao cua Cong ty Xi mang Ha Tien 2 &
anh ga nhanh cua WHO
Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam TCVN 2005 v QCVN 2009 c s dng so
snh. Khi xem xt t s gia ga tr trung bnh 24 h v trung bnh 1h ca bi, qui
nh ngt ngho nht ca b tiu chun l ga tr nng trung bnh 1h i vi v bi.
ng knh mi ng ng x 3,00 m
- Do nn mi trng t nhin
- Do cc nh my ln cn
Tng ti lng nhim trong ton b qu trnh khai thc nguyn liu, sn
xut clinker v sn xut xi mng ti Cng ty tm tt trong Bng 4.14.
Bng 4.14 Tng ti lng nhim trong ton b qu trnh khai thc
nguyn liu
Tc ng ca bi xi mng
Tc ng ca ting n, rung
+Nc thi sn xut: Trong cng ngh sn xut xi mng ca Cng ty, lng nc
c s dng cho sn xut bao gm:
Nc lm mt v l: 1400 m3/ngy
+Nc thi sau khi lm mt thit b ni chung l sch (Bng 3.6) ch nhim bn
du m, cha nhiu cc cht l lng; vi mt lng nc thi lm mt khng ln
(khong 65 m3/h) c s dng tun hon, sau khi lm ngui, tch loc du m,
kim loi c th x ra Knh Ba Hn
+Nc thi t sn xut cn xut pht t ngun thi khi v sinh thit b, nh xng,
kho bi, nc thi t xng sa cha c kh v nc sau khi lm mt thit b....
Loi nc thi ny cha hm lng cao cht rn l lng, du m, kim loi v c
bit nc thi v sinh khu vc sn xut cha nguyn liu v xi mng c tnh cht
kim.
+ Nc thi sinh hot: Nc thi sinh hot sinh ra ch yu t khu vc hnh chnh
v nh tm, nh n, khu v sinh ... ca Cng ty. Lu lng v mc nhim bn
ca ngun nc thi ny ph thuc vo s lng ngi ti y v nh mc tiu
th nc cp. Nc thi sinh hot cha hm lng cao cc cht hu c, cht rn l
lng, du m, cht dinh dng v vi trng.
BOD : 40 kg
Cht rn l lng : 86 kg
BOD: 330 mg/l vt Tiu chun Mi Trng Vit Nam (TCMT5945) 6,6 ln i
vi ngun tip nhn thuc loi B theo phn loi.
Ti lng nhim
BOD5 40 kg/ngy
TSS 86 kg/ngy
Du, m 16 kg/ngy
TT Nong Gia tr So lan Yeu cau
o gii han vt x ly
Ch tieu
theo TCVN qua (%)
(mg/l)
1 BOD5 330 50 6,6 85
2 COD 580 100 5,8 83
3 TSS 717 100 7,2 86
4 Dau, m 133 10,0 13 93
5 Tong nit 60 60 1,0 0
6 Tong phot 16 6 2,7 63
pho
7 Amoni 24 1,0 24,0 96
Cht thi rn c th pht sinh t cng ngh khai thc t st v bao gm:
Nguyn vt liu khng t cht lng ( vi, t st), v nguyn vt liu vng
vi t cc bng ti trong dy chuyn sn xut
Gch chu la loi b khi tin hnh thay gch nh k (mi nm hai ln)
Bi t cc h thng x l
V bao b h hng
Ngoi lng cht thi sinh hot c tnh khong 300 - 400 kg/ngy, nh my cn
c thm mt lng cht thi do hot ng y t ngay ti nh my.
+Cht thi y t
Mc trung bnh
CHNG V
CC BIN PHP HN CH TC NG TIU CC MI TRNG
CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG CA NH
MY XI MNG H TIN 2
III.) Cc bin php hn ch tc ng tiu cc ti mi trng
nh my hot ng v pht trin bn vng nhng tc ng tiu cc ca
cng ty cn c hn ch bng nhng gii php thch hp v thc hin cc
bin php ny l nhim v bt buc phi thc hin ca cng ty H Tin 2 cn
phi thc hin trong sut qu trnh hot ng
6. nh hng quy hoch th trn Kin Lng
nh hng pht trin th trn ch yu l hng ng v hng nam hng v
Hn t v Rch Gi. a hnh bng phng trnh c hng gi chnh a bi
t nh my xi mng v. Khu vc hng bc khng c ch nhiu do b nhim
nng v giao thng bt li. Hng Ty cng khng u tin pht trin v gi
hnh lang an ton gia cc nh my v khu dn c trn 5 km
7. Quy hoch k thut
o Mng li thot nc ma
Nh my c th dn nc ma trc tip xung knh Ba Hn qua cc
tuyn cng sau khi nc ma chy qua khu vc nh my khng cha
cc cht nhim c bit
o Giao thng vn ti
Bn cnh cc c im t nhin v nguyn liu quyt nh hnh thnh khu
cng nghip vt liu xy dng l giao thng thy b
Trong tng lai gn knh Rch Gi Ba Hn s c no vt thng xuyn.
on bn xut nhp ca nh my cn c gii php no vt hp l trnh n tc
giao thng
8. Quy hoch cp nc
Cho n nay khu vc Kin Lng vn cha c quy hoch cp nc chi tit. Vic
cp nc cho c th trn ph thuc vo vic cp nc v tr ca h 2 triu m 3 ca
nh my. Trong nhng nm ti ti th trn ch yu vi ngun nc cp mi ch c
nh hng
Hon chnh b cha nc khu vc nh my vi cng sut 4000m3/ ngy
Lp t h thng cp nc bng ng 200 cho khu dn c di 1840 m
Xy dng i nc mi l
Nh vy cng ty phi hon thin v ci to h thng cp nc ca mnh t yu
cu
9. Thot nc thi
H thng thot nc trong khu cng nghip c t chc theo 1 bc l nc
thi thu gom v x l ngay trong nh my loi b cc cht nhim c
bit. Trc khi thi ra mi trng cht lng nc thi phi t QCVN 24
2009 trc khi nc thi vo ngun tip nhn ch yu l knh Ba Hn
Vy cng ty cn sa cha, duy tr hot ng ca h thng hin c v xy dng
thm m bo kh nng x l nc thi nh my t quy chun ngun nhn
loi B trc khi a vo knh Ba Hn vo ma ma
Phng n nh vy ph hp vi quy hoch ca th trn Kin Lng l thu
ton b nc thi c x l cc b chy vo knh Cng Tra v knh Rch
Gi ng thi chng nhim mi trng cho h ao quanh th trn knh Ba
Hn
10. Lut mi trng v chuyn giao cng ngh
Cng ty xi mng H Tin ra i v vn hnh vo thi im trc Lut Mi trng
v Php lnh chuyn giao cng ngh nc ngoi vo Vit Nam v cc ngh nh,
thng t hng dn chi tit vic thc hin. V th nh my cn phi ci tin nng
cao trnh cng ngh sn xut, khai thc hp l cc ngun nguyn liu, mua bn
cng ngh phi m bo
Khng gy nhng tc ng lm nh hng hoc a n hu qu xu cho mi
trng nh nhim ngun nc, khng kh, h sinh thi v lm nh hng n
mi trng dn c v mt vn ha x hi
p ng yu cu v an ton lao ng iu kin lao ng
p dng cc bin php gim thiu nhim l iu kin tin quyt nh my c
th hot ng lu di
IV.) Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng
2.1. Cc bin php khng ch nhim do hot ng ca d n
2.1.1. phng php kim sot nhim
thc hin gim thiu nhim bi, d n cn thc hin cc bin php tng hp
t vic la chon kiu thit b sn xut trn c s p dng cc tin b k thut nhm
khng ch s pht sinh bi trong qu trnh gia cng ch bin kt hp vi s dng
cc thit b kh bi chuyn dng t hiu qu kh bi ti a
Cc bin php p dng gm:
Ti cc trm p vi, p t st, p ph gia phi trang b cc thit b loc bi
cng sut ln hn ch ti a vic sinh bi ca qu trnh tip nhn v p
nguyn liu, m bo hm lng bi trong kh thi 50 mg/Nm3
Ti cc cng on : nghin phi liu, nghin xi mng, nghin than, s dng my
nghin ng l thit b tin b k thut c kn cao nn kh pht sinh bi ra mi
trng. ng thi thu hi sn phm sau khi nghin v kh bi trong kh thi
ca qu trnh nghin c s dng loc bi in v loc bi ti cng sut ln m bo
hm lng bi trong kh thi 50 mg/Nm3
Tn dng kh thi ca l nung sy khi nghin phi liu, tn dng kh thi trong
qu trnh lm ngui clanhke sy khi nghin than hn ch ti a s nh hng
ca bi trong kh thi ca h thng l nung
Kh thi trong qu trnh lm ngui clanhke c s l bi bng thit b loc bi trong
iu kin kh thi nng n 180 0c
S dng thit b v chuyn mng kh ng l thit b hon ton kn, khng gy bi
ti cc cng on nghin xi mng, vn chuyn xi mng bt n si l xi mng v
vn chuyn xi mng bt t si l xi mng n nh dng bao
S dng cc ti loc bi c cng sut thch hp ti nh my ng bao xi mng
kh bi cho my ng bao, im gu nng v cc v tr pht sinh bi trong qu
trnh ng bao xi mng.
Bao che kn bng ti nhng v tr vn chuyn nguyn liu dng cc cn thit hn
ch bi
B tr loc bi tt c cc v tr phta sinh bi ca cc cng on sn xut m
bo nng bi trong kh thi 50 mg/Nm3
S dng ng khi kh thi l nung cao trn 90 m, ng khi nh nghin than cao
35m, v ng khi cho thit b lm ngui clanhke ca0 25m pht tn bi nhm
m bo nng bi cho php theo QCVN 23 -2009
Kh thi ra trong qu trnh t than c cha cc cht nhim chnh l: bi, SOx,
NOx, v COxKh SOx c hp th trong qu trnh nung clinker nhit 800
1000 0c bi xit kim loi kim th nh CaO to thnh CaSO4 v CaSO3 nng
NOx v SOx trong kh thi phi thp tiu chun cho php. Nng SOx, NOx v COx
s c pha long bi ng khi c chiu cao 80 90 m
2.2.2. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim ngun nc
o Xy dng h thng thot nc
Bin php gim thiu nhim nc tin v c hiu qu cao l t chc hp l h
thng thot nc. H thng thot nc trong nh my l h thng thot nc
ring trong :
Nc ma chy theo cc mng xy, tm an, dc trung bnh khong 2% .
Do vy, cc tuyn ng c b tr ngn, sau cc trn ma cn m tm an
kim tra, no vt li cng v mng, v xy dng h thu ct nc x nc ma
ra mi trng.
Nc thi cc khu v sinh sau khi qua b t hoi cng vi nc thi tm ra
git gi ca cn b cng nhn nh my chy vo mng li thot nc thi sn
xut v trm x l nc thi tp trung
Nc lm ngui thit b c thu hi lm mt, loc s b s dng li vng
cp nc tun hon
X l s b nc thi sinh hot
Nc thi sinh hot thng c x l bng cc phng php sinh hoc, Ty
thuc vo lu lng, phng thc thu gom v iu kin mt bng m ngi ta
chon cc phng php thch hp c th. Phng php c s dng nhiu nht
(v hiu qu) hin nc ta x l nc thi cc h gia nh, cc c quan,
cm dn c l b t hoi. Vai tr ca b t hoi l lng cc cht rn,phn hy
ym kh cc cht hu c v cha cn. B t hoi c kh nng chu ti trong
thay i v ln khng i hi bo tr c bit. Hiu sut x l lm gim trn
70% BOD so vi u vo. Phng php ny rt thch hp vi iu kin hin
nay nc ta khi cha c kh nng thu gom ton b lng nc thi trong khu
vc xy dng cc nh my x l nc thi vi quy m ln
X l nc thi v sinh khu vc sn xut, kho bi v bn tu
Do c trng ca cng ngh sn xut xi mng, nc thi sn xut khng cha
cc cht nhim c c tnh cao v ti lng cc cht hu c thp. Thnh phn
nhim chnh trong nc thi l cc cht rn l lng, t , ct v cc cht v
c. Do vy c th thit k h thng x l n gin, ch yu l x l c hoc.
Nc thi sau khi qua h thng h ga hoc c lm mt x ra knh theo h
thng cng thot nc sch s, c th kim sot v lm v sinh nh k
Bin php x l nc thi c cha du
X l nc thi c cha du trn b
Khu vc c nguy c nhim du do nc ma chy trn phi c h thng thu
gom ring. H thng ny ng thi c s dng thot nc thi nhim du
nc ra sn vm sinh thit b bc d, cc xng thit b, du thi Ton b
lng nc ny phi c dn n h thng tch du trc khi x ra ngoi.
Thit b tch du x l nc x y cc bn cha du v nc ma chy
trn cn lp t nhng ch cn thit.
H thng phn ly du c th xy bng vt liu b tng c nh ti im gom
loi nc chy ny hoc c th lp t cc thit b tch du ri c cng sut v
hiu sut cao
Trc mt cc h phn tch du n gin ( nhiu cp) cn c xy dng.
Kinh nghim nhiu nh my c nc thi cha lng du ln TP H Ch
Minh nh du n Tng An, Nh my hin c mt h thng tch du xy
dng 4 nm v trc c th khi phc hoc ci to li
Lng du thu gom li c bm vo thng cha v c th ti sinh s dng
lm nhin liu t. Cn du sinh ra c x l bng cch hp ng thu gom
vi cng ty v sinh a phng chn lp bi chn lp bi rc cng
nghip hay lam nhin liu
X l nc dn tu thuyn nhim du
Trong trng hp nc dn tu thuyn v nc thi nhim du c x l v
kim tra trn x lan, trong thi gian lu ti bn xut nhp cn c bm thu
gom theo h thng thot nc cha du trn b
Bin php chng nc chy trn
Nc ma chy trn c quy c l nc sch v c th thi b trc tip vo
h thng thot nc chung ra sng sau khi c ngn v tch du hoc cc
cht bn c kch thc ln
Do nc ma ch cha mt lng nh cht nhim, nn nh my c th xy
dng h thng thot nc na ring. H thng ny c vn hnh trn nguyn
tc dng gings trn tch nc ma t u vo h thng x l nc thi; nc
ma t sau coi nh sch c th x thng vo sng. H thng ny cn c
kim tra thit k da trn s liu v o c c lng ma trong mi nm tr
li y vi cc yu cu:
Thot nhanh
Kh nng tch du hoc/ vi cc cht nhim khc trc khi thi ra sng
H thng ny mang tnh kh thi bi v tr cng ty ven knh Ba Hn
Phng php gim thiu nhim khng kh
S dng cc k thut x l nhim bi ph hp
Pht tn bi c th gim thiu bng cch ngn chn v x l. Cc gii php v
x l thng c gi thnh thp hn ngn chn. Vic loc bi c phn thnh 3
cp (a) Cp th : ch loc c cc ht bi c ng knh ln hn 100 m, qu
trnh loc s b nm trong cp ny. (b) Cp trung bnh ; Loc c cc ht bi
nh hn 100m, nng bi sau loc 30 50 mg/ m3. (c) Cp tinh ; loc c
bi c ng knh nh hn 10 m, nng bi sau khi loc cn 1 -3 mg/ m3
Cc phng php x l nhim bi c th la chon p dng
Tch bi qun tnh
Da trn nguyn tc qun tnh tch ht bi khi kh mang. Thit b tch
qun tnh thng dng s l s b tch cc ht bi th hoc c kch thc
trung bnh bao gm cc loi bung lng bi cyclone ly tm. Bung lng l
ngn lng bi c kt cu ng dn kh hot ng di nguyn tc trong lc.
Xyclon l thit b thit b thu bi ly tm c gi thnh v chi ph vn hnh h
thng dng loi bi c kch thc 10 100 m. H s hiu qu loc ca
xyclon in hnh thp hn 70% so vi loc tnh in v bung lng. Trong khi
cc thit b sau c kh nng loi b ti 99.9% v hn na. Chnh v vy
xyclon thng c chung ng dn kh vo, ra v thng cha bi cch ny
tng hiu sut loc b n 95%.
Lng tnh in (ESP)
o X l nc thi
Nc thi sn xut v nc thi sinh hot c x l chung ti trm x l nc
tp trung. i vi cc cm nh cn b cng nhn vin khu vc c lp, nc
thi t khu v sinh c x l s b ti b t hoi.
Nc thi t cc qu trnh lm ngui thit b x l trong cc b lm ngui
( gim nhit xung 30 0c ), sau tch du v lng cn ti b lng. Nc sau
khi x l v trm bm cng nc b xung quay v lm ngui my v thit b.
Phn ln nc thi sinh hot, nc thi cng ngh v nc thi v sinh cng
nghip c x l bng phng php sinh hoc ti trm x l tp trung trc
khi x ra mng thot nc chy ra mi trng
Cc ph thi rn trong nc thi sinh hot phn ln c tch t b t hoi
trc khi a v trm x l tp trung.
Nc thi cng nghp v v sinh cng nghip c lng v tch du m ti b
lng s b trong khu vc sn xut trc khi x l chung vi nc thi sinh
hot
Hn hp nc thi sinh hot v nc thi sn xut c x l bng phng
php sinh hoc Aeroten v lng t II
Nc thi ca nh my sau qu trnh x l sinh hoc cn p ng c yu cu
cht lng nc thi khu cng nghip v c php x thi theo QCVN 24 -2009
2.2.3. Cc gii php khc nhm gim thiu nhim v lm p cnh quan mi
trng nh my xi mng
Khng ch nhim tin n v rung
chng rung cho thit b, ngay t trong qu trnh thit k nh my cn thc hin
cc bin php sau :
Mng my c khi lng, s dng b tng mc cao, tng chiu su mng, o
rnh ct kh trnh rung theo mt nn.
Lp t m cao su v l so chng rung i vi cc thit b c cng sut ln.
Kim tra s cn bng ca my khi lp t, Kim tra mn ca cc chi tit v du
bi trn thng k.
Nhng ch iu hnh sn xut cn c cch m
han ch nh hng nhim ting n cho ngi cng nhn trc tip lm vic,
vn hnh trong cc cng oan sn xut ca nh my cn p dng cc bin php
gim thiu nhim ti a nh:
Ti ni pht sinh cng m ln (my p, nghin) ng dng bin php xy
dng chng n thch hp trnh lan truyn ra xung quanh.
Cc qut cng ngh v phc v cng ngh u trang b b phn chng rung.
Cc bung iu khin, v tr vn hnh, hnh lang c thit k hoc t nhng
ni mc n ti a khng vt qu 70 dBA khi ton b cc thit b hot ng
o Ci thin cc yu t kh hu trong nh my
Yu t vi kh hu nh hng trc tip n sc khe ca cn b, cng nhn vin
lm vic trong nh my. gim nh cc cht nhim gy ra cho con ngi
v mi trng, cc bin php h tr cng gp phn hn ch nhim v ci to
mi trng.
Thit k nh xng m bo thng thong v chng nng.
gim nh nhim nhit, nh my p dng cc gii php thng gi t nhin
hoc kt hp vi thng gi c kh gii quyt tt mi trng lm vic ca
ngi cng nhn
Quy hoch khu vc thi cht thi rn sinh hot ph hp, nhm trnh mi hi
do cc cht phn hy gy ra
Xy dng ng ni b kin c, nhm gim bi bc ln do xe chy trn ng
V sinh nh xng kho bi s c duy tr thng xuyn, nhm thu gom ton
b nguyn liu, sn phm ri vi trong phm vi ca nh my v to ra mi
trng hot ng tt, d chu
Phun nc trn ng ni b v ma nng v ma hanh kh chng bc bi
t mt ng.
Trng cy xanh xung quanh nh my che nng, gim lng bc x mt tri,
ting n v bi pht tn ra bn ngoi nh my, ng thi cn to thm m v
cnh quan mi trng. T l din tch t trng cy xanh trong nh my t
15% tr ln
Cung cp nc ung gii nhit cho cng nhn
Khai thc m theo ng quy hoch, c ch ti to mi trng , mi sinh sau
khi khai thc bng cch san lp, trng cy xanh
o Phng chng tc nhn nhim
Phng chy n: trong nh my chy n c th xy ra do s dng
nhin liu ( du DO, than ) cc l t ph v l nung; mng li
cung cp v dn in, h thng ng dn du . V ma ma d xy
ra chy n do st nh. m bo an ton nh my s p dng cc
bin php nh sau:
Thit k b tr trm xng du, kho thuc n phi m bo cc tiu chun k
thut phng chy cha chy v c tha thun ca c quan phng chy cha
chy, xy dng phng n phng chng chy n v ni quy an ton v chy n
Phng chng s c khu vc phng th nghim, phng iu khin:
Xy dng ni quy an ton phng th nghim, phng iu khin v ph bin cho
cn b cng nhn vin lm vic
Phng th ngim c lp t cc h thng thng gi chung v h thng thng
gi cc b ti cc ngun pht sinh cht c hi
Phng chng s c thit b loc bi tnh in
i vi cc thit b loc bi tnh in khi nhit cao, hm lng kh CO v O2
trong kh thi cao c th xy mt an ton v hiu sut loc bi km hiu qu, v vy
phi kim sot bng cc thit b t ng kim tra gim st cc thng s nh:
Kim sot nhit kh, hm lng kh CO v O2 ca kh thi trc vo thit b loc
bi tnh in, ng thi kim sot nng bi trong kh thi sau khi qua khi qua
loc bi in. V sinh bo dng nh k thit b theo ng quy trnh hng dn
ca nh ch to
Ch vn hnh iu khin hon ton t ng theo chng trnh c lp sn
m bo ch vn hnh ti u
Th vn hnh thit b phi c o to c bn, vn hnh dung theo quy trnh,
hng dn ca nh cung cp thit b
Cc bin php khc
Gio dc thc v sinh mi trng v v sinh cg nghip cho cn b cng nhn
vin nh my. Thc hin thng xuyn v c khoa hoc cc chng trnh v sinh,
qun l cht thi cng ty.
Cng vi cc b phn khc trong khu vc tham gia thc hin k hoch hn ch ti
a cc cht nhim, bo v mi trng theo cc quy nh v hng dn chung ca
cc cp chuyn mn v thm quyn ca tnh
Thc hin kim tra sc khe, kim tra y t nh k cho cn b cng nhn vin nh
my
2.2.4. Gii php gim thiu cc tc ng kinh t - x hi
Nhng v tr s dng t canh tc v di chuyn dn th phi c k hoch thng tin,
tuyn truyn, n b tha ng. Phi ch l n nguyn vong ca dn, tn trong
tp qun sinh hot, ngnh ngh sinh sng ca ho. To cc iu kin v phng tin
ngi dn an tm di chuyn v sm n nh cuc sng ti khu vc mi
C chnh sch mi vi nhng ngi di chuyn t ni khc n sng v lm vic
trong khu cng nghip. m bo cung cp y in, nc lng thc, thc
phm cng nh nh ca ho ha nhp c vi cng ng v n nh x hi
C k hoch tng cng xy dng trng hoc, h thng thng tin truyn thng,
xy dng cc khu vn ha v vui chi giair tr
Xy dng trm y t vi trang thit b cn thit, vi cc cn b y t c trnh ,
nhm phng nga bnh dch, cha bnh v bo v tt sc khe cho lc lng lao
ng ca nh my
Phi c cc phng tin d bo, cp cu khi xy ra s c mi trng
CHNG VI
Tham Vn Kin Cng ng
Trong qu trnh lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng, ban qun l d n
cng vi n v t vn tin hnh ly kin tham vn cng ng khu vc thc hin
d n khai thc. Ban qun l d n thng bo v nhng ni dung chnh ca d
n nh quy m cng sut, cng ngh khai thc, cc ngun gy nhim v cc bin
php khc phc x l gim thiu nhng tc ng xu ti mi trng, xin kin
ca y Ban Nhn Dn, Hi ng Nhn Dn huyn Kin Lng tnh Kin Giang
v i din ngi dn quanh khu vc d n v nhng ni dung ny. Nhng ni
dung chnh m ban qun l d n cp xin kin tham vn bao gm:
1.D n tc ng n kinh t - x hi:
- Thc y s pht trin kinh t - x hi
- Lm chm qu trnh pht trin kinh t - x hi
- Nhng tc ng khc
2. D n xy dng nh my xi mng tc ng n y t, sc khe, gio dc,
vn ha, di tch lch s
3. D n xy dng nh my xi mng tc ng ti i sng, vic lm v thu
nhp ca nhn dn.
4. D n xy dng nh my xi mng tc ng ti v sinh mi trng ca
cng ng.
T nhng ni dung trn y Ban Nhn Dn, Hi ng Nhn Dn huyn Kin
Lng tnh Kin Giang v i din ngi dn cho kin v vic xy dng v
m rng quy m nh my
KT LUN CHUNG