A

Project Report
On
ALTERNATE LOW COST CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
& TECHNIQUES FOR BUILDING DESIGN
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Civil Engineering

Submitted by
Vivek Kumar
Vidit Gupta
Shivam Sagar
Sushant Singh

Under the guidance of

Mr. Mohammad Haroon
(Assistant Professor)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MORADABAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Ram Ganga Vihar, Phase II, Moradabad-244001 (U.P)
Session: 2016-17

1
MORADABAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
MORADABAD

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report onALTERNATE LOW COST

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS & TECHNIQUES FOR BUILDING
DESIGN submitted by

VIVEK KUMAR 1308200123

VIDIT GUPTA 1308200120
SHIVAM SAGAR 1408200918
SUSHANT SINGH 1408200919

in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the Degree of B.Tech.in Civil

Engineering embodies the work done by them under my guidance.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the Coordinator

Mr. Mohammad Haroon Ankur Kumar Bansal
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor

2
 MORADABAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MORADABAD
Department of Civil Engineering

ALTERNATE LOW COST CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS & TECHNIQUES FOR BUILDING
DESIGN

Name of Student: Roll No.:

VIVEK KUMAR 1308200122
VIDIT GUPTA 1308200085
SHIVAM SAGAR 1408200918
SUSHANT SINGH 1408200919

Name of Guide: Mr. MOHAMMAD HAROON

Semester: 08
Session: 2016-17
Branch: CIVIL ENGINEERING

Signature of Students Signature of Guide

Signature of Coordinator Signature of HOD

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

On the very outset of this report we would like to extend our sincere and artful obligation

towards Prof. A. Ghosh (Director & H.O.D), Mr. Mohammad Haroon (Assistant Prof.

Civil Engineering. Department), M.I.T. Moradabad who have helped us in this endeavor.

Without their active guidance, help, cooperation & encouragement we would not have

made headway in the project report.

Our heartfelt gratitude goes to all faculty members and staff of Civil Engineering

Department, who with their encouraging and caring words and most valuable suggestions

have contributed, directly or indirectly, in a significant way towards completion of this

project report.

We indebted to all our classmates for taking interest in discussing our problem and

encouraging us.

We owe a debt of gratitude to our parents for their consistent support, sacrifice, candid

views, and meaningful suggestion given to us at different stages of this work.

Last but not the least we are thankful to the Almighty who gave us the strength and health

for completing our project report.

MIT Moradabad Vivek Kumar

April 2017 Vidit Gupta
Shivam Sagar
Sushant Singh

4
 LIST OF CONTENTS

Certificate
Acknowledgeme
nt
Abstract
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter -1 INTRODUCTION 1-3
Chapter-2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT 4-6
Chapter-3 CASE STUDY FROM PREVIOUS PAPER 7-19
3.1 EXPERIMENTAL WORK 7
3.1.1 Materials 7
3.1.2 Mix Proportion 7
3.1.3 Mixing Of Raw Material 8
3.1.4 Preparation of Bricks 8
3.1.5 Testing of Fa-L-G Bricks 8
3.2 Flyash 10
3.3 Need For Utilization Of Flyash 12
3.4 Effect Of Fly Ash On Cement Concrete 14
3.5 Fly Ash Bricks 14
3.6 Raw Materials For Fly Ash Brick 15
3.7 Advantages 15
3.8 Disadvantages 16
3.9 Clay Bricks 16
3.10 Classification Of Bricks 17
3.10.1 On Field Practice 17
3.10.2 On The Basis Of Use 18
3.10.3 On The Basis Of Finish 18
3.10.4 On The Basis Of Manufacture 19
3.10.5 On The Basis Of Burning 19
3.10.6 On The Basis Of Types 19
3.11 Characteristics Of Good Brick 19
3.12 Ingredients Of Good Brick Earth
Chapter-4 ESTIMATION OF THE PLAN 21-31
4.1 Details Of Measurement And Calculation Of 24
Quantities
4.2 Comparison Of Cost B/W Fly Ash Brick And Clay 30
Brick
4.2.1abstract Of Cost Of Clay Brick 30
4.2.2 Abstract Of Cost Of Fly Ash Brick 31
Chapter-5 ALTERNATE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES 32-39
5.1 Moladi Housing Technology 32
5.2 Speedwall Building Systems 33
5.3 Hydraform Interlocking Bricks 34
5.3.1 Raw Material for making 35
5.3.2 Mix Design 35
5.4 Modular And Timber Construction 35

5
 5.4.1 Construction process 36
5.4.2 Materials 36
5.4.3Advantages 36
5.4.4 Disadvantages 37
5.5 Non Erodable Mud Plaster 37
5.6 Straw Bale Construction 38
Chapter-6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 40-43
6.1 Comparison Of Compressive Strength Of Fly Ash 41
Brick And Clay Brick
6.1.1 Compressive Strength Of Fly Ash Brick 41
6.1.2 Compressive Strength Of Clay Brick 41
6.2 Comparison Of Compressive Strength Of Fly Ash 42
Concrete Block
6.2.1 M20 Grade Fly Ash Concrete Block 42
6.2.2 M25 Grade Fly Ash Concrete Block 43
Chapter-7 FUTURE SCOPE 44-45
7.1 Other Uses Of Flyash For Walling Materials 44
7.1.1 Stabilized Mud Fly Ash Bricks 44
7.1.1 Cellular Light Weight Concrete 44
7.1.3Flyash-Lime-Gypsum Product Named Fal-G 45
Chapter-8 Conclusion 46
References 47-48

6
 LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. No. Title Page No.
1 Compressive strength Fa-L-G brick (FlyAsh 80%) 9
2 Compressive strength of Fa-L-G brick (Flyash 60%) 10
3 Elements of timber houses 36
4 Non Erodable Mud Plaster 38

7
 LIST OF TABLES
Tab. No. Title Page No.
1 Chemical Analysis Of FlyAsh 2
2 Chemical Analysis Of Phosphogypsum 2
3 Chemical Analysis Of Lime 2
4 Mix Proportion of Fa-L-G Brick 7
5 Physical Requirements of Fly ash 11
6 Chemical requirements of Fly ash 12
7 Raw Materials for Fly Ah Brick 15
8 Ingredients of Good Brick 20
9 Abstract of cost of fly ash brick 31
10 Hydraform interlocking brick detail 34

8
 ABSTRACT

Housing is a great requirement in todays world. The most basic building material for

construction of houses is the conventional burnt clay brick. A significant quantity of fuel is

utilized in making these bricks. Also, continuous removal of upper surface of soil mass, in

producing conventional bricks, creates environmental problems. A study was undertaken

on the comparison of Fly ash bricks and conventional clay bricks to solve the problems

related to the shortage of construction materials and at the same time to build houses

economically by utilizing industrial wastes. The compressive strength of fly ash bricks and

conventional clay bricks are investigated. It is observed in past research that fly ash bricks

have sufficient strength for their use in low cost housing development. We consider a

simple house plan and compare its estimate with Fly ash brick and clay brick.

Compressive strength of Fly ash-Concrete blocks with different mix designs also tested in

our project. In some past researches tests were also conducted to study the influence of

type of curing on the increase in strength and hardening of the bricks and blocks with time,

and It was observed that the hot water curing leads to a greater degree of hardening and

higher strength, earlier compared to ordinary water curing.