Objectives.

1.To determine freezing point depression of a solution and molal freezing point constant of the
solvent.
2.To obtain molar mass of a solute.

Apparatus

1.Boiling tubes
2.Thermometer
3.

Procedure
A.Determination of Freezing Point of Naphthalene

1.5g of naphthalene was weighed to the nearest 0.01g and was added to a clean and dry boiling
tube.
2.The naphthalene was completely melted in the hot water bath.Rubber stopper was inserted
containing the thermometer and copper wire into the boiling tube.Make sure that bulb of
thermometer was immersed in the molten naphthalene and that the copper wire can be agitated
freely by moving it up and down to have a uniform temperature throughout the sample.
3.The tube was taken out from the water bath once the temperature of naphthalene had reached
95C.
4.A clamp was used to set up the tube vertically in the conical flask.Once the temperature of
naphthalene was dropped to 90 C.The temperature was recorded every 30 seconds to the nearest
0.1C.
5.The temperature of naphthalene was continue recorded until temperature drop to about 60C.
6.The naphthalene was not allowed to discard. This was to keep for part B
7.The cooling curve, temperature versus time was drew to determine the freezing point of
naphthalene

B.Determination of Kf for naphthalene.

1.0.5g of 1,4 do color I benzene to the nearest 0.01g and was added to the boiling tube containing
naphthalene
2.Steps 2 to 5 was repeated in part A.
3.Once the mixture had solidified, it was melted in hot water bath and was discarded the solution
in the waste container indicated by the instructors.
4.The cooling curve was drew and the freezing point of the naphtalene 1-4 dit
Xchloro was detwdetermined

Discussion

In this experiment, we want to determine the freezing point.

In this cases, solvent is naphthalene,known solute is 1,4-dichlorobenzene and the unknown solute
that we want to determine its molar mass is p-nitrotoluene.The freezing point of the solvent is
determined by the constant temperature at which it had been cooled. Therefore, graph is plotted
against time versus temperature. a longest horizontal portion which is constant temperature of
naphthalene cooled indicates the freezing point of the solvent.

However, when a solution, where solvent + substance X will freeze over a temperature range
lower than the constant freezing point of solvent (naphthalene). The plot will show a change of
slope when solid solvent begins to form. The concentration of dissolved solute increase as the
solvent freezes. This will cause the freezing point to continue decrease after the constant
temperature.

Based on the graph plotted for pure solvent (naphthalene), freezing point that we obtained is.
Whereas freezing point of substance X +naphthalene is. .Last freezing point that we need to
obtain is for 1,4-dichlorobenzene.

All of this experimental freezing point that we gained is selected based on the temperature that
remains the longest period for every 30 seconds. This is because during this period, temperature
do not rise until all the solid has melt as heat of fusion is taken up to convert the solid state
substance to liquid state.

Precaution steps that should be taken to reduce error is once the solution is left to heat, while
stirring, keep stirring until its achieve 90C to maintain thermal equilibrium and to avoid the
temperature obtained not accurate. Then,before dispose, melt the content first in the test tube and
dispose in the fume chamber.Always use gloves when handling chemical reagent to avoid
irritation.