Quadra ic E @) CaarTER SUMMARY ) 1, Aquadratic equation isan algebraic equation . If = a and x= are the roots of a quadratic in one unknown whose highest power is 2. equation, then the quadratic equation is For example, 2x" + 3x-7 =0. (x-a@)x-f)=0 2, ‘The general form of a quadratic equation is (a+ Byr+ of =0 ax?+ br + c=0 where a, band care constants, Sum of Product and a #0. roots of roots 3. The values of x which satisfy the quadratic If a and f are the roots of the quadratic equation ax? + bx + ¢ = 0 are called the roots equation ax + bx-+6= 0, then ‘of the equation. sum of roots, a +B 4. The roots of the quadratic equation product of roots, af = ax + bx +.c=0 can be obtained (a) by factorisation, Type of roots of the quadratic equation (b) by completing the square, axttbete (©) using the quadratic formula (@) The quadratic equation has two different roots if b — dae > 0. (b) The quadratic equation has two equal roots if b — dac = 0. (©) The quadratic equation has no roots if B-4ac <0. 200: Number of questions | _2 1 2 1 1 1, Express the quadratic equation 3(x— 3) = 7-5 in the general form. Answer: 2, Solve the quadratic equation x? — Sx= 24. Answer: x3. Given that $ is a root of the quadratic equation 3x? — 4x + p=0, find the value of p. Answer: p= 4. Solve the quadratic equation 21° ~4xr— completing the square. Answer: x= 3 5. Given that ~ 3 and 4 are the roots of the quadratic equation px? + gx + 6 = 0, find the values of p and q. Answer: p= — a= 6. Solve the quadratic equation 2x? — Gx + 1 using the quadratic formula Answers x 7. Solve the quadratic equation 2x(x ~ 4) = (+ 3)6 —2), Give your answers correct to four significant figures. om Answer: 8. Form the quadratic equation whose roots are 5 and}. Express your answer in the form ax’ + bx + ¢ =0 where a, b and ¢ are constants. S Answer: 9. Solve the quadratic equation (x + 3)(6 x) =x. Give your answers correct to three decimal places. Ke Answer: 10. Given that ~3 and 4 are the roots of the quadratic equation 4x? + mx + n = 0, find the values of m and n. Answer: m= ne 11. Given that a and 8 are the roots of the quadratic equation x°— 6x +5 + p=0, and «= 9B, find the value of p. Answer: p=12. Given that and f are the roots ofthe quadratic equation 2x — 6x +5 = 0, find the value of 242 a Answer: 13. Given that cand are the roots of the quadratic equation 2° ~ 8x = 3, form a quadratic equation with roots 3ez and 3p. Answer: 14. One of the roots of the quadratic equation 3x" 12e+k—-2.=0 is three times the other root Find the value of k. Answer: k _ 15. Determine the type of roots of the quadratic equation 2° - 7x +3=0. Answer: 16. ‘The quadratic equation x° - (k-2)x + 9 =Ohas, ‘two equal roots. Find the possible values of k Answer: k 17. Determine the type of roots of the quadratic equation Sx? = 7x ~ 6. Answer: 18. The quadratic equation 2x* - 5x + p-3=0 has two different roots. Find the range of values ofp. Answer: _. 19. ‘The quadratic equation 3x°— 8x = m +5 has no roots. Find the range of values of m. Answer: 20. ‘The straight line y = 2x ~ 3 does not intersect the curve y = x° + 3x + &, Find the range of values of k. Answer: 21. Given that the straight line y = x + p touches the curve y =.¢ + 4x — 6 at only one point, find the value of p. Answer: p= _22. Given that the straight line y = x + 4 intersects the curve y=1? + Sx + m—2 at two points, find the range of values of m Answer: - Given that a and f are the roots of the quadratic equation 3x° ~ 6x + 8 = 0, find the value of +B Answers 24, Given that the quadratic equation (k — 1)x? (2k -3)x + k= 0 has two equal roots, find the value of k Answer: — 25. Given that the quadratic equation px’ — (2p ~ L)x +p—4=0 has two different roots, find the range of values of p. Answer: ns 26. (+ 3)em Oe etr ‘The diagram shows a trapezium. Given that the area of the trapezium is 84 em’, find the value of. 2 27. 29. Answer: x: ‘The quadratic equation 3x2 + px-+3=3xhas two equal roots. Find the possible values of p. Answer: Find the possible values of k if y tangent to the curve y=2x° + 3x48 Answer: k= —— Given thatthe quadratic equation 2x? + (4p +3)x +2p'— 1 = 0s satisfied by only one value of x, find the value of p Answer: (a) Solve the quadratic equation 33° + 7x ~ 6 =0. The quadratic equation px? + gx +5 = 0 where p and q are constants, has two equal roots. Express pintems of. egg, () Mame OR tts 0) p=L 2s 5. Year Number of questions | — Given that a and f are the roots of the quadratic equation 2x° + 6x7 =p, and @ = 28, (a) find the value of p, (b) form a quadratic equation with roots « + 2 and B +2. Given that « and f are the roots of the quadratic equation 3x? ~ Sx—2=0, find the value of @ otP () a2 +f. Solve the following quadratic equations. (a) 2°-7x+5=0 (b) 3x°-8x +2 Given that @ and f are the roots of the quadratic equation 2 ~ 8x + 1 = 0, form a quadratic equation with roots @ Zand F, (b) a and. (a) One of the roots of the quadratic equation P+ 6x + p + 1 = Ois twice the other root. Find the value of p. (©) Given that the roots of the quadratic equation x? ~ 2gx + 4q + 1= 0 are a and f, and c# + 6 = 10, find the possible values ofg Given the quadratic equation 2x° ~ 2h + k +4 =, find (a) the possible values of k if the quadratic ‘equation has two equal roots and h= k, (b) the range of values of k if the quadratit equation has two different roots and f= I PAPER 2 7. 10. i. The quadratic equation 2x? + px + q = 0 has roots + and-5. Find (@) the values of p and g, (b) the range of values of & such that the quadratic equation 2x° + px-+q— (0 different roots Show that the quadratic equation 4x° - 7x 2x — 1 has two different roots. Hence, find the roots of the quadratic equation. Give your answers correct to two decimal places. (a) Show that the quadratic equation (p + jx" + 2px + p-3 = Ohas no roots ifp <-4 (b) Solve the quadratie equation in (a) if p = 3, Given the quadratic equation 2x° + 3x — p +1 =0, find the range of values of p if (a) the two roots of the quadratic equation have opposite signs, (b) the quadratic equation has two equal roots. ‘The quadratic equation 2x° + 2x + 3 = 0 can be written in the form (xp)? +q-=0. (a) Find the values of p and (b) Determine the type of roots of the quadratic equation.eae Quadrat c Functions | CHAPTER SUMMARY 1. The general form of a quadratic function (@) a>0 is flx) = ax! + br + ¢ where a, b and ¢ are ) constants, and a # 0. e 2. The shape ofthe graph of a quadratic function fix) = ax? + bx +c is a parabola with a ‘maximum or a misfimum point at its axis of symmetry. @) a>0 eto fo) (b) a<0 a . fo) | Axis of symmetry Minium Fy * point B-4ac>0 ) a<0 Fo dac=0 fix) ‘Maximum P—4ac<0 point 4, ‘The maximum or the minimum value of a quadratic function fix) can be determined by completing the square. If fix) = a(x ~ pP +.q Axis of symmetry and (a) a> 0, then (x) has a minimum value of 3. The position of the graph of a quadratic function qwhen x= p, fox) = ax? + bx + ¢ depends on the value of (b) a <0, then fix) has a maximum value of 0 Aac, q when x=p. 5. The range of values of x that satisfies a quadratic inequality can be determined by sketching a graph,L 2 4 5. Find the range of values of x that satisfies the quadratic inequality x* ~ 3x ~28 > 0. Answer: Given that the graph of the quadratic function y=3(x—p)*—q has a minimum point of (2,4), find the values of p and q. Answer: qs Given the quadratic function f(x) = 2x° - 6x +9, find the coordinates of the minimum point of the graph of the quadratic function. Answer: Find the range of values of x for which Gr It) <0. Find the range of values of p such that the ‘quadratic function fix) = 3x° — 4x + p is always positive Answer: PAPER 1 = 6. Given that the graph of the quadratic function (fia) =~ 2x+ m~3 touches the x-axis at only ‘one point, find the value of m. Answer: m= 7. Find the range of values of x for which 9x > 2 Answer: Find the range of values of & such that the straight line y = kx ~ 6 does not intersect the curve y= 4x +3, Answer: Find the range of values of x if x(3x- 5) > 22. 10. Find the coordinates of the maximum point of the graph of the quadratic function y = ~3x° + i2e-4. AnswersAL. Given that the straight line y = 2x + 1 intersects the curve y = 2x? + St +5 + m at two different points, find the range of values of m. Answers 2 3) ‘The diagram shows the graph of the quadratic function y = p(x—3)? + q with a minimum point (7,5). Find the values of p, g and r. Answer: 13. Find the possible values of m ifthe straight line is a tangent to the curve y=x° + mx +4, 14, Find the range of values of & such that the straight line y = x + 1 does not intersect the curve yaa" + Sx, Answer: 15. 16. V7. 18. ‘The diagram shows the graph of the quadratic function y = 4x° + px + 9. Find the range of values of p. Answer: Find the range of values of x which satisfies the quadratic inequality x+2 <(r+2). Answer: soe Find the range of values of p such that the quadratic fonction y= (3x~ 1)? +5 +p isalways positive. RE secre amen Find the range of values of x for which 267-8) <2 +9, Answer:19. 2. The diagram shows the graph of the quadri function y = 20 —2x- q). Given that (3, 20) the maximum point of the graph, find the value of p and of g. The diagram shows the graph of the quadratic function y = px? + 5x — 3, Find the range of values of p. Answer: The diagram shows the graph of the quadratic function y = 4x? + 4px + 25. Find the value of P. 22. m4 25, Answer: Determine the maximum or the minimum value of 2 + 5x4. Answer: — Find the range of values of x if 3x2 > Sx—2. Answer: Find the smallest integer of m such that the curve y = 3x + 2x + m +2 does not intersect the x-axis, Answer: m= Find the range of values of x for which ale = 11) = 24. iS Answer:26. 27. 7 “3-3 The diagram shows the graph of the quadratic function y= 3(x+ 4)? ~ 6 where q is a constant. Find (a) the value of g, (b) the equation of the axis of symmetry, (0) the coordinates of the minimum point. Answer: (@) g= ) © — The straight line y = 3x—4 does not intersect the curve y= 2x? —x +, Find the range of values of. ag) ‘The diagram shows the graph of the quadratic function y =—2(x +p) +5 where p is a constant, ‘The graph has a maximum point of (3, q) where qisa constant, State (a) the value of p, 18 30. 31. (b) the value of g, (©) the equation of the axis of symmetry ie Answer: (@) p= ) = @ ic FFind the range of values of x which satisfies the quadratic inequality 3x 1)(x +2) > 4+ 2x. ie Answer: Find the range of values of x for which 3x = 24x. cS Answer: ‘The quadratic function fix) = x* + 6x ~ 5 can be expressed in the form f(x) = (x + m)?—n where ‘mand n are constants. Find the value of m and of n. tj Answer:i 5 6. Year ‘Number of questions 1 7 Find the range of values of x for each of the following quadratic inequalities. (@) 2-Sx+2<0 {b) xx 3) = 28, Given the quadratic function lx) = 2x°—4x-7, (@) find the coordinates of the minimum point of the graph of the function fx), (b) sketch the graph of the function fi), ‘The diagram shows the graph of the quadratic fonction y = - 2(x +k). The graph has a maximum point of (2, 9). Find (@) the values of hand k, (b) the coordinates of point A, (©) the range of values of c if the straight line y= does not intersect the graph Given that the curve y = p ~ (x ~ g)? intersects the x-axis at points (1, 0) and (5, 0), find (a) the values of p and q, (b) the maximum value of y. (a) The curve y = px + Qp + Dx +p intersects the x-axis at qwo different points, Find the range of values of x. (b) Find the range of values of & iff the curve y = 2° — 31 + k does not intersect the ‘straight line y = 3x7. ‘The quadratic function f(x) = x — px + 3 can be expressed in the form fix) = (x2)? +g. Find (a) the values of p and q, (b) the minimum value of fx, 19 PAPER 2 7. Sketch the graph of the quadratic function y= (x23 for x= 5, 8 Sketch the graph of the quadratic function y=4- (2x3) for 6 y= 2u-2v =3 Solve the following simultaneous equations. p+2q=2 +225 pq Solve the following simultaneous equations. at3b=1 @ + 3ab+4b=3 l ‘Solve the following simultaneous equations, Be-yaytateT Solve the following simultaneous equations. dey ss Posy =12 Solve the following simultaneous equations, 3x-y=7 Baxyt yal Solve the following simultaneous equations By =2r-1 De = 14 2y+3y Solve the following simultaneous equations. By ex+] 3xt—Tay-y =9 Solve the following simultaneous equations Srty=9 y+ dy+5 =0 ‘The straight line x + y = 6 touches the curve 2+ 2y"= 24 at point K, Find the coordinates of point K. The straight line 2y +.x= —1 intersects the curve x — Ixy + 4x = 3 at two points. Find the coordinates of the two points. The straight line 2x—Sy= 1 intersects the curve x ay + 3y' =9 at points MG, 1) and Np, q). Find the values of p and g. 21 2. 28. 29. 31. Given that (5, 2) is one of the points of intersection of the straight line 3y ~ px = I and the curve gx*- 7xy = 5, find the values of p and 4 Hence, find the coordinates of the other point of intersection. . Given that (5, 2) and (m, m) are the points of intersection of the straight line x + 3y = 1 and the curve 2x? y* + ay = 36, find the values of mand n, ‘The straight line y = x— 10 intersects the curve 2x — 12y = Sxy at points P(12, 2) and Q. Find the coordinates of point Q. (2, p) is one of the points of intersection of the straight line 2x ~ 3y = 1 and the curve 2c! — 2ay — qy* = 1. Find the values of p and g Hence, find the coordinates of the other point of intersection. Given that x = —4 and y = | are the solutions to the simultaneous equations 2x + 11 = py and qx? = 36 + xy, find the values of p and q. Given that x =—Sm and y = 2n are the solutions to the simultaneous equations xy + 10 = 0 and 2x + 3y =, find the values of m and n. (Nem 3 a oem z (yt 2)Oandasl, N=a' es log,N=x A Base Logarithm + log, + log, where a> 0 anda 1 Laws of logarithms * log, MN’=log, M+ log, + tog, M. =10g,.M— og, a = 18s + log, M'=nlog, M Change of base of logarithms: j log, x 86s Tog b . 1 108, *= Tog Year ‘Number of questions 2 [| 2 PAPER 1 1, Find the value of @ ©27* (g} Answer: (a) (b) B 2 Find the value of Answer @) (b)3 5 Evaluate © G)(a (gy: (b) 5? x5*x5 Answer: (a) (b) — Answers (a) 0) Simplify (a) pexpesp, (b) 35 ZF 9? Answer! (@) 6. 9. 10. 4 Simplify (@) 84% 43 () gi xqieg. Answer: (a) DD) Express 2**1 + 2°— 2! in its simplest form, Answer: Solve the equation 3°~ Answer: Solve the equation 5” Answer: p= Solve the equation 8"-'=4"-!x 2", Answer: m=A, Find the value of (a) Log, 243, 0) Jog, > Answer: (a) © 12. Find the value of (@) log.x*, iy (b) tog, ( t y Answer: (a) — 0) 13. Find the value of (@) 1og,,9, (©) 10g, 8. Answer: (a) ) — 14. Find the value of each of the following. Give your answers correct to three decimal places. (a) log, 5 (b) log, 20 Answer: (a) some a 18. Given that log,2=0.431 and log, 3 =0.683. find the value of (@) log, 6, (b) log, 15. Answer: (a) eo 16. Given that log, mn =~1 and log, m*n’. the value of (@) log, m, (b) log, nm. 4, find Answer: (a) — (b) —E17, Given that log, 2 = p and log, 3 = g, express Jog, 2.25 in terms of p and q. Answer: 18. Solve the equation log, x + log, (2r— 1) = 1 Answer: x= 19, Solve the equation log, (mm? + 3m +46) = 2. Answer: m 20, Solve the equation 5 log, 6 ~ log, 96 = 4. Answer: x= 21. Solve the equation log, p* = 3 + log, (p + 6). Answer: p 22. Solve the equation log, (q + 1) + log, (5 - @) log, (g-2) Answer: q= 23. Find the value of log,, 70 + log,, fe 21og,.5 4 ~tog,, 3 Given that 2 log,, p = 3 + log,, 9. express q in terms of p. Answer: q= Express 1 log, 81 + log, 27 ~ 2 log, 3 in its simplest form. Answer: |26. Solve the equation 2! x 3° = 9" Answer: y= 27. Solve the equation log, (x + 8) =2 + log, x. 28, Solve the equation log, (3y ~ 1) + 1 log, (+ 0). Answer: y= 29. Solve the equation 5"** = 125. Answer: x= 30. Given that log, 2 = p and log, 5 = q, express. Jog, 1.61" in terms of p and g. Answer: 3. 32. 33. Given that log, 3 + log, x=, find the value 2 ofx. Answer: Given that log, x + log, y = 3, express y in terms of x Answer: y= Solve the equation 81°~ Answer: x= Evaluate log, 32 x log,4 x 3 log, 5. Answer: Given that log, P tog, Q= 2, express P in terms, = ie36. Solve the equation 5"! = 8° ie Answer: n= _ — 37. Given that log, 7 = a and log, 5 = b, express log, 4.9 in terms of a and b, Answer: 38. Solve the equation log, 3x—log, (1-2) Answer: x: 39. Solve the equation y9" Answer: x= 40. Given that log, pq=2+3 log, p—log, q, express ie Pinterms of g. Answer: p= 41. Solve the equation 2 + log, (y~3) = log, y. eS Answers y= 42. Given that log, x = p and log, y = q, express ke log, 2 in terms of p and g Answer: 43. Given that 8(2-") = 64, find the value of k Answer: k=. ee 283 Year Number of questions | — oc PAPER 2 (a) Given that log, g! = m and log, that mn = 10, Given that log, x = log, (3x ~ 2), find the possible values of x, show () @ ) Given that 5*= 10", show that log,5 = — Evaluate log, 5 x log, 6 x log,7 x log, 8, (a) Express 2"*?-3(2") + 5(2 form. Solve the equation 2°-*—7 = 0. in its simplest (b) (a) Show that 7"~7'+! 47'*? is divisible by 43 for any positive integer of x. Show that log, pq = 3 log, p + 3 log, ¢. Hence, find the values of p and q that satisfy the equations log, pq = 8 and log, p—log, ¢= (b) Given that x=3" and y=3", express, in terms of mandior n, (@) log, 81x, (b) log, x-log,, y 6. 8 10. (a) Given that 2 log, (p ~ q) = log, p + log, q— 1, show that Sp! + 5g? = Ipq. Solve the equation log, log, (4x + 1)] = hog, 3. (by Solve each of the following equations. @ #=L 7 (0) log, x+ log, 32 (a) Given that 5 log, x =3 log, y, express x in terms of y. (b) Solve the equation 5°**= 1 + 100¢ (a) Given that log, P = log,, (8P - 15), find the value of P. (b)_ Solve the equation log ,. 625 ~ log,,, 5= 3 Given that p = log, 3 and q = log, 5, express, in terms of p andlor q, (a) log, 125, (b) log, 45.