Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Quy Pham Trang Bi Dien - Phan I 11TCN - 18 - 2006
Quy Pham Trang Bi Dien - Phan I 11TCN - 18 - 2006
B cng nghip
Phn IV
bo v v t ng
11 TCN - 21 - 2006
H Ni - 2006
Mc lc
Phn IV
bo v v t ng
Chng IV.1
bo v li in in p n 1kV
Phm vi p dng v nh ngha ............................................ Trang 1
Yu cu i vi thit b bo v ....................................................... 1
La chn bo v ............................................................................. 2
Ni t thit b bo v .................................................................... 5
Chng IV.2
bo v rle
Chng IV.3
t ng ho v iu khin t xa
Chng IV.4
mch in nh th
Ph lc
K hiu cc chc nng bo v v t ng ...................................... 103
Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
PHN IV
BO V V T NG
Chng IV.1
BO V LI IN IN P N 1KV
Yu cu i vi thit b bo v
phi chn sao cho khi chm v hoc chm vo dy trung tnh bo v th bi s
dng in ngn mch nh nht khng nh hn:
3 ln dng in danh nh ca cu chy gn.
3 ln dng in danh nh ca b ct khng iu chnh c hoc dng chnh
nh ca b ct iu chnh c ca ptmt c c tnh dng in - thi gian
quan h ngc.
Khi bo v li in bng ptmt ch c b ct in t (qu dng tc ng tc
thi - ct nhanh), dy dn k trn phi m bo dng in khng nh hn dng
chnh nh khi ng tc thi nhn vi h s phn tn (theo s liu ca nh ch
to) v h s d tr l 1,1. Khi khng c s liu ca nh ch to, i vi ptmt c
dng in danh nh n 100A, bi s dng in ngn mch so vi dng in chnh
nh phi khng nh hn 1,4; vi ptmt c dng danh nh trn 100A th khng
nh hn 1,25. Trong mi trng hp, in dn ca dy trung tnh bo v phi
khng nh hn 50% in dn ca dy pha.
Nu yu cu ca iu ny khng p ng c v bi s khi chm v hoc chm
dy trung tnh bo v th vic ct khi s c ngn mch ny phi thc hin bng bo v
c bit.
IV.1.7. Vic s dng ptmt v cu chy kiu xoy c phi m bo sao cho khi tho
chng th v ui xoy ca chng khng c in p. Trong trng hp ngun cung
cp t mt pha th dy ngun phi u vo tip im c nh ca thit b bo v.
La chn bo v
IV.1.9. Li in phi c bo v chng ngn mch (bo v ngn mch) vi thi gian ct
nh nht v m bo ct c chn lc.
Bo v phi m bo ct khi cui ng dy c bo v xy ra cc loi ngn
mch nh sau:
Ni t thit b bo v
IV.1.15. Thit b bo v phi t ni thun tin cho vn hnh, bo dng trnh b h
hng do c hc. Vic t chng phi m bo khi vn hnh hoc khi tc ng
khng gy nguy him cho ngi v khng gy h hng cc vt xung quanh.
Chng IV.2
BO V RLE
Yu cu chung
IV.2.2. Thit b in phi c bo v rle :
1. Ct t ng phn t h hng ra khi phn khng h hng ca h thng in
(trang b in) bng my ct; nu s c khng trc tip ph v ch lm vic
ca h thng in (v d ngn mch chm t trong li in c trung tnh cch
ly) th cho php bo v rle ch tc ng bo tn hiu.
2. Phn ng vi cc ch lm vic nguy him v khng bnh thng ca cc
phn t ca h thng in (v d qu ti, tng in p cun dy stato ca my
pht in tuabin nc); tu thuc vo ch lm vic v iu kin vn hnh cc
IV.2.15. Phi thc hin bo v d phng bng thit b trn b ring sao cho c th kim
tra ring r hoc sa cha bo v chnh hoc bo v d phng ring ngay khi
phn t c bo v ang lm vic. Trong trng hp bo v chnh v bo v
d phng thng thng c cung cp t cc cun dy th cp khc nhau ca
my bin dng. Nn u mch i ct ca rle vo hai cun ct ring bit ca
my ct.
cc thit b in p 220kV tr ln, thng thng bo v c cp ngun t hai
phn on mt chiu khc nhau.
IV.2.23. nhy ca bo v dng ngun in thao tc xoay chiu c thc hin bng s
kh mch shunt ca cun ct in t, phi c kim tra sai s thc t ca
my bin dng sau khi kh mch shunt. Khi h s nhy ti thiu ca cun
ct in t chng tc ng tin cy phi ln hn khong 20% so vi cc bo v
tng ng (xem iu IV.2.20).
tnh ni t trc tip) sao cho khi c ngn mch chm t cc tr s v dng in
v in p m bo cho bo v ca cc phn t tc ng mi ch vn
hnh ca h thng in.
IV.2.28. My bin dng dng cung cp cho mch dng in ca thit b bo v rle
chng ngn mch phi tho mn nhng yu cu sau:
1. Vi mc ch ngn chn tc ng sai khi ngn mch ngoi vng bo v, sai
s (ton phn hoc sai s dng in) ca my bin dng khng c qu 10%.
Cho php sai s ln hn trong trng hp dng bo v m khi sai s ln, tc
ng ng ca bo v m bo bng cc bin php c bit (v d bo v so lch
thanh ci c hm).
Nhng yu cu trn phi thc hin:
i vi cc bo v nhiu cp - khi ngn mch cui vng tc ng ca cp bo
v, cn i vi bo v c hng nhiu cp - cng nh trn v khi ngn mch ngoi.
i vi cc bo v cn li - khi ngn mch ngoi.
i vi bo v so lch dng (thanh ci, MBA, my pht in in v.v.) phi tnh
n sai s ton phn. i vi cc bo v cn li - sai s dng in, cn khi u
theo tng dng in ca hai hoc nhiu hn my bin dng v khi ngn mch
ngoi th tnh n sai s ton phn.
VI.2.32. Nhng thit b bo v rle cn tch khi lm vic theo yu cu phng thc lm
vic ca li in, theo iu kin tnh chn lc hoc theo cc nguyn nhn khc,
IV.2.35. i vi bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha trong cun dy stato ca my pht
in in p cao hn 1kV cng sut ln hn 1MW m c cc u ra ring tng
pha ca cun dy stato pha trung tnh cn phi t bo v so lch dc, bo v
phi tc ng i ct tt c cc my ct ca my pht in, i dp t v dng
tuabin.
Trong vng bo v ngoi bn thn my pht in, cn phi bao gm cc on
u ni ca my pht in vi thanh ci ca nh my in (n my ct).
Bo v so lch dc c thc hin vi dng tc ng khng ln hn 0,6 Id (Id l
dng in danh nh ca my pht in). i vi my pht in cng sut n
30MW c lm mt gin tip cho php thc hin bo v vi dng tc ng bng
(1,3 1,4)Id. Kim tra t mch dng in ca bo v nn thc hin khi dng
in tc ng ca bo v ln hn Id.
Bo v so lch dc phi c chnh nh theo tr s dng in qu khng cn
bng (v d rle vi my bin dng bo ho).
Bo v thc hin theo s ba pha ba rle. i vi my pht in cng sut n
30MW cho php dng s hai pha hai rle khi c bo v chng chm t ti
hai im.
IV.2.36. bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha trong cun dy stato ca my pht in
in p trn 1kV cng sut n 1MW lm vic song song vi cc my pht in
khc hoc vi h thng in phi t bo v dng in ct nhanh khng thi gian
pha cc u ra ca my pht in ni vi thanh ci. Nu bo v ct nhanh
khng nhy th cho php t bo v so lch dc.
IV.2.39. bo v chng ngn mch gia cc vng dy ca mt pha trong cun dy stato
khi cun dy c cc nhnh ra song song phi t bo v so lch ngang mt h
thng tc ng khng thi gian nh bo v iu IV.2.35.
IV.2.42. bo v my pht in cng sut trn 1MW n 30MW chng ngn mch
ngoi phi dng bo v dng in c vi khi ng in p, thc hin bng mt
rle km p u vo in p dy v mt thit b rle lc in p th t nghch
ct mch ca rle km p.
IV.2.50. MBA phi t mt phn hoc ton b cc thit b bo v rle chng cc dng s
c v ch lm vic khng bnh thng sau, ty thuc vo dung lng v cp
in p ca MBA:
1. Ngn mch nhiu pha trong cc cun dy v trn u ra.
2. Ngn mch mt pha chm t trong cc cun dy v trn cc u ra li c
trung tnh ni t trc tip.
3. Ngn mch gia cc vng dy trong cc cun dy.
4. Qu dng in trong cc cun dy do ngn mch ngoi.
5. Qu dng in trong cc cun dy do qu ti.
6. Mc du h thp.
7. p lc du tng cao trong MBA.
8. p lc du tng cao trong b iu p di ti.
9. Nhit du tng cao trong MBA.
10. Nhit cun dy MBA tng cao.
11. Phng in cc b cch in u vo 500kV .
12. Chm t mt pha trong li 6 -10kV c trung tnh cch ly sau MBA m khi
chm t mt pha phi ct (xem iu IV.2.95 v iu IV.2.96) theo yu cu v
an ton.
Ngoi ra nn t bo v chng chm t mt pha pha 6 - 35kV i vi MBA
t ngu c in p pha cao p bng v cao hn 220kV .
IV.2.54. Bo v so lch dc phi c thc hin bng cch s dng cc rle dng in c
bit c chnh nh trnh dng in t ho t bin, dng in khng cn bng
qu v n nh (v d dng my bin dng bo ho, dng cc cun hm).
cc MBA cng sut n 25MVA cho php thc hin bo v bng rle dng in,
c chnh nh dng in khi ng theo iu kin trnh dng in t ho qu
v dng in khng cn bng qu nu bo v ny m bo nhy.
Bo v so lch dc phi c thc hin sao cho cc phn u ni ca MBA vi
thanh ci cng nm trong vng bo v ca n.
Cho php dng my bin dng t sn trong MBA cho bo v so lch khi c cc
bo v khc m bo ct ngn mch vi thi gian nhanh phn u ni MBA
vi thanh ci. Nu trong mch in p thp c t cun in khng v bo v
MBA khng m bo nhy khi ngn mch sau cun in khng th cho
php t my bin dng in pha u ra in p thp MBA k c thc hin
bo v cun in khng.
IV.2.58. MBA cng sut 1,6MVA tr ln, chng qu dng in do ngn mch ngoi
phi dng nhng bo v tc ng ct nh sau:
1. i vi MBA tng p c ngun cung cp t hai pha: dng bo v dng in
th t nghch chng ngn mch khng i xng v bo v dng in c khi
ng km p chng ngn mch i xng hoc bo v dng in c khi ng
km p (xem iu IV.2.42).
IV.2.61. Khi bo v chng ngn mch ngoi ca MBA tng p khng nhy v tnh
chn lc, c dng cc rle dng in ca bo v tng ng ca my pht in
bo v cho MBA.
IV.2.64. i vi MBA t ngu 220 - 500kV trm bin p hoc i vi khi my pht
in - MBA 500kV v MBA t ngu lin lc 220 - 500kV ca nh my in
phi t bo v chng ngn mch ngoi c gia tc tc ng nhanh, khi khng
cho bo v so lch thanh ci lm vic, m bo ct cc phn t s c cn li
m khng c bo v tc ng nhanh vi thi gian khong 0,5 giy.
IV.2.75. i vi my pht in m cun dy stato c hai hoc ba nhnh song song phi
t bo v so lch ngang mt h thng chng ngn mch gia cc vng dy
trong mt pha vi tc ng khng thi gian.
Bo v DK hoc ng cp
trong li in 6 - 15kV trung tnh cch ly
IV.2.91. Bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha phi t trn hai pha v hai pha cng tn
ca ton b li in m bo ch ct mt im h hng, trong phn ln
trng hp ngn mch hai pha chm t ti hai im.
IV.2.96. Bo v chng ngn mch mt pha chm t ni chung phi thc hin vi my
bin dng th t khng. Bo v phi tc ng theo ngn mch chm t duy tr,
nhng cng cho php dng thit b bo chm t thong qua.
Bo v chng chm t mt pha tc ng ct khng thi gian theo yu cu k
thut an ton (xem iu IV.2.95) ch ct ring phn t cung cp in cho phn
li b s c. Khi , lm d phng, dng bo v th t khng c thi gian
khong 0,5 giy ct tt c phn li in lin quan h thng thanh ci (phn
on) hoc MBA ngun.
Thng thng khng cho php tng dng in b bo v tc ng c trong
li c trung tnh ni t qua cun dp h quang (v d bng cch thay i nc
ca cun dp h quang).
Bo v DK hoc ng cp
trong li in 22 - 35kV trung tnh cch ly
IV.2.98. Bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha phi dng s hai pha hai rle v t trn
cc pha cng tn trong ton b li in p ny m bo ch ct mt im h
hng trong phn ln cc trng hp ngn mch chm t hai im. tng
nhy khi ngn mch sau MBA sao - tam gic, cho php dng s ba rle.
Bo v chng ngn mch mt pha chm t thng tc ng bo tn hiu.
thc hin bo v, nn dng thit b kim tra cch in.
IV.2.99. Khi la chn loi bo v chnh, phi tnh ton yu cu m bo l h thng lm
vic n nh v cc h ph ti lm vic tin cy tng t nh yu cu i vi bo
v ng dy in p 110kV (xem iu IV.2.107).
IV.2.112. i vi ng dy song song c ngun cung cp t hai hoc nhiu pha cng nh
i vi u ngun cung cp ca ng dy song song c mt ngun cung cp t
mt pha c th cng dng cc bo v tng ng nh vi ng dy n (xem
iu IV.2.109 v IV.2.110).
tng tc ct ngn mch chm t, c bit ngn mch gia cc pha trn
ng dy c hai ngun cung cp, c th dng bo v b sung c kim tra
hng cng sut trn ng dy song song. Bo v ny c th thc hin di
dng bo v so lch ngang ring bit (rle u vo dng in th t khng hoc
vo cc dng in pha) hoc ch di dng mch tng tc ca cc bo v t
(bo v dng in th t khng, bo v qu dng in, bo v khong cch v.v.)
c kim tra hng cng sut trn ng dy song song.
tng nhy ca bo v th t khng, cho php a bo v b sung ra khi
ch lm vic khi ct my ct ca ng dy song song.
IV.2.117. Trng hp dng TL mt pha, thit b bo v phi c thc hin sao cho:
1. Khi ngn mch mt pha chm t, c bit khi ngn mch hai pha, m bo
ch ct mt pha (tip sau l TL lm vic).
2. TL khng thnh cng khi c s c nu trong mc 1, s ct mt hoc ba pha
tu thuc vo vic c hoc khng c php tn ti ch khng ton pha ko
di ca ng dy.
3. Khi c cc dng s c khc, bo v tc ng i ct c ba pha.
IV.2.118. ng dy 15 - 35kV trong li phn phi, nu khng c yu cu c bit, ch
cn t bo v dng in ct nhanh, bo v qu dng in v bo v chm t
nu vn m bo tnh chn lc.
Bo v t in b ngang v b dc
IV.2.119. T b ngang c th t tp trung ti trm hoc t phn tn trn DK, vi tt c
cc cp in p.
Bo v my b ng b
IV.2.135. Thit b bo v rle ca my b ng b phi thc hin tng t nh i vi
my pht in c cng sut tng ng, nhng c nhng khc bit sau:
1. Bo v dng in chng qu ti i xng tc ng bo tn hiu, phi c
kho khng cho lm vic khi my b khi ng, nu lc bo v c th
tc ng.
2. Bo v km p, tc ng i ct my ct ca my b ng b phi c in p
khi ng ca bo v bng (0,1 0,2) Ud v thi gian duy tr khong 10 giy.
IV.2.137. Phi thc hin bo v chng chm t mch kch thch tng t nh my pht
thu in (xem iu IV.2.84).
Chng IV.3
T NG HO V IU KHIN T XA
T ng ng li (TL)
IV.3.2. Thit b TL dng nhanh chng khi phc cung cp in cho h tiu th hoc
khi phc lin lc gia cc h thng in hoc lin lc trong ni b h thng in
bng cch t ng ng li my ct khi chng b ct do bo v rle.
Cn t thit b TL :
1. DK v hn hp ng cp v DK tt c cc cp in p ln hn 1kV. Khi
khng dng TL phi da trn c s phn tch k tng trng hp. i vi
ng cp n 35kV nn dng TL trong nhng trng hp khi thy c hiu qu
do c nhiu s c h quang h (v d c nhiu im ni do cp in cho mt vi
trm t mt ng cp), cng nh hiu chnh li s tc ng khng chn lc
ca bo v. Vic p dng TL i vi ng cp 110kV tr ln phi c phn
tch trong thit k tng trng hp ring ph hp vi iu kin c th.
IV.3.6. Thit b TL ba pha (TL 3P) phi c khi ng theo s khng tng ng
gia v tr kho iu khin vi v tr thc t ca my ct hoc khi ng TL
bng bo v rle.
IV.3.8. tng tc khi phc ch lm vic bnh thng ca DK, thi gian TL
3P (c bit ln u ca TL tc ng hai ln t trn ng dy c ngun cung
cp t mt pha) phi ly bng tr s nh nht c th c, tnh n thi gian dp
tt h quang in, kh ion ch s c v thi gian sn sng ng li ca my ct.
i vi ng dy c ngun cung cp t hai pha, thi gian TL 3P khi chn phi
tnh n kh nng ct khng ng thi ca my ct hai u; khi khng cn
tnh n thi gian tc ng ca bo v d phng xa, cho php khng tnh n thi
gian ct khng ng thi cc my ct hai u do tc ng ca bo v cao tn.
nng cao hiu qu ca TL 3P tc ng mt ln, cho php tng thi gian tr
tu theo kh nng chu ng ca ph ti.
5. i vi cc ng dy ti in m thc hin TL 3P dn n mt ti t
ngt ln do gim in p.
Thit b TL 1P phi m bo khi a ra khi lm vic hoc khi mt ngun cp
in phi t ng chuyn bo v ca ng dy tc ng i ct c ba pha khng
qua thit b TL.
Xc nh pha s c khi ngn mch chm t phi c thc hin bng b chn,
b ny cng c th dng lm bo v ph tc ng nhanh ca ng dy trong
chu trnh TL 1P, khi TL 3P, TL 3PN hoc khi ngi vn hnh ng my
ct t mt pha ca ng dy.
IV.3.25. i vi trm c hai MBA gim p lm vic ring r, thng thng phi t TL
thanh ci pha trung p v h p kt hp vi TD; khi c s c bn trong
MBA TD phi tc ng, cn khi c s c khc th TL tc ng (xem iu
IV.3.42).
Trong cc trm c hai MBA lm vic song song trn thanh ci, cho php t
thm thit b TD vo thit b TL lm vic khi mt MBA ch d
phng.
IV.3.38. Khi thc hin TD phi kim tra kh nng qu ti ngun cung cp d phng
v kim tra s t khi ng ca cc ng c, nu c hin tng qu ti khng
cho php v ng c khng th t khi ng c th phi sa thi ph ti khi
TD tc ng (v d, ct cc ng c khng quan trng, v i khi, mt phn
cc ng c quan trng; i vi trng hp sau phi dng TL).
ng in my pht in
IV.3.43. Phi tin hnh ng in my pht in vo lm vic song song bng mt trong
nhng bin php sau: ho ng b chnh xc (bng tay, na t ng v t ng)
v ho t ng b (bng tay, na t ng v t ng).
IV.3.51. Thit b t ng iu chnh kch thch, in p v cng sut phn khng dng :
Duy tr in p trong h thng in v trn thit b in theo c tuyn
nh trc khi h thng in lm vic bnh thng.
Phn b ph ti phn khng gia cc ngun cng sut phn khng theo mt
qui lut nh trc.
Tng cng n nh tnh v n nh ng h thng in v cn du dao
ng xut hin trong ch qu .
IV.3.54. Thit b TQ ca my pht tuabin nc phi thc hin sao cho khi mt ti t
ngt th trong iu kin b iu tc lm vic chun xc, bo v in p cao
khng c tc ng. Khi cn thit c th thm vo TQ thit b gim kch
thch tc ng nhanh.
IV.3.55. S thit b kch thch cng bc kiu rle phi c kh nng chuyn tc
ng ca n sang my kch thch d phng khi my ny thay th my kch
thch chnh.
IV.3.63. H thng t ng iu chnh tn s v cng sut tc dng (TF & TP) dng :
Duy tr tn s ca h thng in hp nht (h thng in Quc gia, h thng
in lin hp) v h thng in c lp trong ch bnh thng theo yu cu
ca tiu chun hin hnh v cht lng in nng.
iu chnh trao i cng sut gia cc h thng in hp nht v hn ch qu
dng cng sut qua cc h lin lc kim tra trong v ngoi ca h thng in hp
nht v h thng in.
Phn b cng sut (trong c phn b cng sut kinh t) gia cc i tng
iu khin tt c cc cp iu qun l (gia h thng hp nht, cc h thng
in trong h thng hp nht, cc nh my in trong h thng in v cc t
my hoc cc khi trong nh my in).
IV.3.69. i vi nh my thu in, h thng iu khin cng sut phi c nhng thit
b t ng bo m c th khi ng v dng t my, v khi cn cng c th
chuyn sang ch b ng b hoc sang ch pht ph thuc vo iu
kin v ch lm vic ca nh my v h thng in, c tnh n cc hn
ch ca t my.
T ng ngn nga mt n nh
T ng chm dt ch khng ng b
Trong phm vi c th, nhng thit b ni trn phi thc hin trc tin cc bin
php theo hng lm nh iu kin ti ng b, v d nh:
T ng hn ch tn s gim
IV.3.76. T ng hn ch tn s gim phi c thc hin theo tnh ton sao cho khi c
bt k s thiu ht cng sut no trong h thng in hp nht, trong h thng
in hoc trong nt h thng in th kh nng tn s gim xung di 45Hz
c hon ton loi tr. Thi gian tn s di 47Hz khng qu 20 giy, cn tn
s di 48,5Hz - khng qu 60 giy.
Thit b TST phi t ti cc trm ca h thng. Cho php t chng trc tip ti
h tiu th nhng phi do ngnh in qun l.
IV.3.81. Thit b TL TS dng gim thi gian ngng cung cp in cho cc h tiu
th khi tn s phc hi do ng cc ngun cng sut, ti ng b hoc ng b
theo cc ng truyn ti ct.
IV.3.83. S cn thit phi dng bin php sa thi thm ph ti, khi lng ct ti (khi
TST) v ng ti (khi TL TS), mc chnh nh thi gian, tn s, v cc
thng s kim tra khc i vi thit b hn ch gim tn s c xc nh
trong iu kin h thng in vn hnh theo qui phm hin hnh v cc qui
nh lin quan khc.
T ng hn ch tn s tng
IV.3.84. Vi mc ch ngn nga tn s tng cao qu mc cho php ca cc nh my
nhit in c kh nng vn hnh song song vi cc nh my thu in cng sut
rt ln trong trng hp mt ti t ngt, phi s dng thit b t ng tc ng
khi tn s vt qu 52 53Hz. Cc thit b ny trc ht phi tc ng i ct
mt s my pht in ca nh my thu in. Cng c th s dng thit b tc
ng i tch nh my nhit in ra khi nh my thu in nhng vn gi li
cho nh my nhit in mt ph ti cng gn vi cng sut ca n cng tt.
Ngoi ra i vi phn h thng in ch gm ton cc nh my thu in phi
b tr thit b nhm hn ch hin tng tn s tng n 60Hz do s c, bng
cch ct mt s my pht in bo m cc ph ti ng c in lm vic
c bnh thng. Cn i vi phn h thng ch gm ton nh my nhit in
th phi b tr thit b hn ch thi gian tn s tng ko di ti tr s m ph ti ca
khi khng vt ra khi gii hn phm vi iu chnh ca chng.
T ng hn ch in p gim
IV.3.85. Thit b t ng hn ch in p gim c lp t nhm mc ch loi tr ph
v n nh ca ph ti v phn ng gim in p dy chuyn ch sau s c
ca h thng in.
Cc thit b ny khng ch theo di ring tr s in p m cn c th kim tra
cc thng s khc, k c tc bin thin ca in p. Ngoi ra n cn c nhim
v tng cng kch thch cng bc cc my in ng b, thit b b cng
bc, ct cc cun khng v - trong trng hp bt buc khi cc tnh ton k
thut cho thy li in khng kh nng khc phc - th i ct ph ti.
T ng hn ch in p tng
IV.3.86. Vi mc ch hn ch thi gian tng in p trn cc thit b cao p ca ng
dy truyn ti in, nh my in v trm in do vic ct cc pha ca ng
dy t mt pha, phi s dng thit b t ng tc ng khi in p tng qu 110
- 130% in p danh nh, khi cn thit phi kim tra tr s v hng cng sut
phn khng trn cc ng dy truyn ti in.
Cc thit b ny phi tc ng c thi gian duy tr, c tnh n thi gian qu in
p cho php, v c chnh nh theo thi gian qu in p ng ct, qu in
p kh quyn v dao ng, vc u tin l phi i ng cc in khng b ngang
(nu chng c lp nh my in v trm in ni ghi nhn c tng in p).
Nu nh my in v trm in khng c in khng b ngang c my ct, hoc
vic ng cc cun khng khng gim c in p nh yu cu th thit b
phi tc ng i ct ng dy gy ra tng in p.
T ng ngn nga qu ti
iu khin t xa
IV.3.88. iu khin t xa (gm iu khin t xa, tn hiu t xa, thu thp s liu t xa, o
lng t xa v iu chnh t xa), trong c h thng SCADA, c dng
iu hnh nhng cng trnh in phn tn c lin h vi nhau trong ch vn
hnh chung, v kim sot chng. iu kin bt buc khi dng iu khin t xa l
tnh hp l v kinh t k thut, nng cao hiu qu cng tc iu (lm cho ch
vn hnh v qu trnh sn xut tt hn, x l s c nhanh, nng cao tnh kinh
t v tin cy lm vic ca cc thit b in, tng cht lng in nng, gim
s lng nhn vin vn hnh, khng cn ngi trc ca thng xuyn, gim mt
bng sn xut v.v.).
Cc phng tin iu khin t xa cng c th dng truyn i xa cc tn hiu
ca h thng t ng iu chnh tn s, thit b t ng chng s c v cc h
thng thit b iu chnh v iu khin khc.
IV.3.96. Khi s dng phi hp cc h thng iu khin t xa khc nhau trong cng mt trm
iu , theo nguyn tc, cc thao tc ca nhn vin iu phi ging nhau.
IV.3.99. Thit b o lng - cm bin (cm bin o lng t xa) l nhng dng c o
lng in c nh phi c lp t theo Chng I.6 - Phn I.
Chng IV.4
MCH IN NH TH
Phm vi p dng
Yu cu ca mch nh th
Khi phi hp cp in cho cc phn t k trn bng rut cp chung th tit din
ca chng phi chn theo tr s tn tht in p nh nht.
3. i vi mch dng in ng ct, tn tht in p t ngun cp:
n t thit b hoc cun iu khin in t khng c cng hnh - khng
ln hn 10% khi dng in ph ti ln nht.
n cun iu khin in t c cng hnh - khng ln hn 20% dng
in cng hnh.
4. i vi mch in p ca thit b t ng iu chnh kch thch, tn tht in p
t my bin in p n phn t o lng khng ln hn 1%.
IV.4.6. Cho php dng chung cp nh th nhiu rut cho cc mch iu khin, o lng,
bo v v tn hiu dng in mt chiu v xoay chiu cng nh mch lc cp in
cho nhng ph ti cng sut nh (v d nh ng c ca cc van).
trnh tng in khng ca rut cp, phi phn chia mch nh th ca my bin
dng v my bin in p sao cho trong bt c ch no tng dng in ca cc
mch ny trong mi cp bng khng.
Cho php dng chung cp cho cc mch khc nhau tr cc mch d phng.
IV.4.10. Vic chn loi dy dn v cp dng cho cc mch nh th, phng php lp t
v bo v phi xt n cc yu cu lin quan Chng II.1, II.3 - Phn II v
Chng IV.1.
Khi t dy dn v cp i qua nhng ni nng, c du hoc cc cht c hi khc
nn s dng cc dy dn v cp c bit (xem Chng II.1 - Phn II).
Nu dy dn v rut cp c v bc cch in khng chu c tc ng ca nh
nng phi c bo v thch hp.
IV.4.13. Vic u ni gia cc thit b trong cng mt t, bng in c th thc hin trc
tip gia cc u cc hoc qua u kp trung gian.
IV.4.19. Ngun dng in ng ct cho mch nh th ca tng mch phi qua cu chy
hoc ptmt ring (u tin dng ptmt).
Ngun dng in ng ct cho mch bo v rle v mch iu khin my ct
ca tng mch phi thc hin qua ptmt hoc cu chy ring, khng lin h
vi cc mch khc (mch tn hiu, mch kho lin ng in t v.v.). Cho php
dng chung mch cp dng in iu khin my ct v cc n tn hiu bo v tr
my ct.
i vi mch 220kV tr ln, my pht in (hoc khi my pht in) cng sut
t 60MW tr ln phi c cp dng in ng ct ring (qua cu chy hoc
ptmt ring) cho cc mch bo v chnh v bo v d phng.
Khi u ni tip ptmt v cu chy th cu chy phi u trc ptmt tnh t
pha ngun cung cp.
IV.4.21. Trong cc trang b in, thng thng phi c h thng t ng bo tn hiu khi
h thng hot ng khng bnh thng v/hoc xut hin h hng.
Phi kim tra nh k hot ng ng ca cc tn hiu ny bng cch th.
trang b in khng c ngi trc thng xuyn th cc tn hiu ny c a
v a im c ngi trc.
IV.4.30. Trn t bng in, pha mt vn hnh phi ghi r chng thuc v mch no,
nhim v ca chng, s th t t bng in; cn trn cc kh c t trong t bng
in phi c nhn mc ph hp vi s .
Ph lc
K hiu cc chc nng bo v v t ng
(Chi tit tham kho tiu chun IEC 617; IEEE C37.2-1991; IEEE C37.2-1979)
Theo tiu chun quc t hin hnh, cc chc nng bo v v t ng c k hiu bng
cc m s v ch theo danh mc di y:
1: Phn t ch huy khi ng
2: Rle trung gian (ch huy ng hoc khi ng) c tr thi gian
3: Rle lin ng hoc kim tra
4: Cngtct chnh
5: Thit b lm ngng hot ng
6: My ct khi ng
7: Rle tng t l
8: Thit b cch ly ngun iu khin
9: Thit b phc hi
10: ng ct phi hp thit b
11: Thit b a chc nng
12: Thit b chng vt tc
13: Thit b tc ng theo tc ng b
14: Chc nng gim tc
15: Thit b bm tc hoc tn s ph hp vi thit b song hnh
16: D phng cho tng lai hin cha s dng
17: Kha ng ct mch shunt hoc phng in
18: Thit b gia tc hoc gim tc ng
19: Cngtct khi ng thit b c qu (thit b khi ng qua nhiu mc tng dn)
20: Van vn hnh bng in
21. Rle khong cch
22: My ct tc ng iu khin cn bng
23: Thit b iu khin nhit
24: Rle t s V/Hz (in p/tn s), chc nng qu kch thch
25: Chc nng kim tra ng b
26: Chc nng bo v
27: Chc nng bo v km p
28: B gim st ngn la (vi tuabin kh hoc ni hi)
29: Cngtct to cch ly
30: Rle tn hiu (khng t gii tr c)
31: B kch m cch ly (kch m thyristor)
32: Chc nng nh hng cng sut
33: Kho v tr
34: Thit b t lch trnh lm vic
35: C gp chi than hoc vnh xuyn trt c chi than
36: Rle phn cc
37: Chc nng bo v km p hoc km cng sut
38: Chc nng o nhit vng bi hoc gi trc
39: Chc nng o rung
40: Chc nng bo v chng mt kch t
41: My ct dp t
42: My ct khi ng my hoc thit b
43: Thit b chuyn i hoc chn mch iu khin bng tay
44: Rle khi ng khi chc nng k tip vo thay th
45: Rle gim st tnh trng khng kh (khi, la, cht n v.v.)
46: Rle dng in th t nghch hoc b lc dng in th t thun
47: Rle in p th t nghch hoc b lc in p th t thun
48: Rle bo v duy tr trnh t
49: Rle nhit (bo v qu nhit)
50: Bo v qu dng ct nhanh
50N: Bo v qu dng ct nhanh chm t
51: Bo v qu dng (xoay chiu) c thi gian