Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tut 19 DPM Channel PDF
Tut 19 DPM Channel PDF
Circular Channel
Introduction
The purpose of this tutorial is to simulate cooling of a hot air stream by water injection
using species transport and discrete phase models of ANSYS FLUENT 13.0.
Prerequisites
This tutorial is written with the assumption that you have completed Tutorial 1 from the
ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 Tutorial Guide, and that you are familiar with the ANSYS FLUENT
navigation pane and menu structure. Some steps in the setup and solution procedure will
not be shown explicitly.
Problem Description
The problem to be considered is shown in the Figure 1. Hot air enters through the inlet
of a 3D circular pipe. Water droplets are injected at various axial and radial locations by
creating Discrete Phase Model injections. Water undergoes a phase change as it comes in
contact with hot air, and the mixture of air and vapor flows downstream.
The solution will be performed in two stages:
2. Start DPM injection and solve the actual phase change problem.
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011 1
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
Preparation
2
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011 3
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
Step 3: Models
4
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011 5
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
(a) Enable Interaction with Continuous Phase in the Interaction group box.
(b) Set Number of Continuous Phase Iterations per DPM Iterations to 0.
This value is set to zero to solve the flow field before enabling the droplet calcu-
lations.
(c) Set Max. Number of Steps to 5000 in the Tracking Parameters group box.
(d) Click OK to close the Discrete Phase Model dialog box.
Step 4: Materials
Set the properties for the mixture as well as for the individual species.
1. Make sure that the selected species are h2o, o2, and n2.
Materials Create/Edit...
6
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
(c) Make sure that Selected Species list contains the h2o, o2, and n2 species.
(d) Click OK to close the Species dialog box.
Edit the material properties for the species.
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011 7
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
3. Ensure that piecewise-polynomial is selected from the Cp drop-down list for n2, o2, and
h2o.
8
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
(a) Select Intensity and Viscosity Ratio from the Specification Method drop-down list
in the Turbulence group box.
(b) Click the Species tab and enter 0.23 for o2.
(c) Click OK to close the Pressure Outlet dialog box.
3. Retain the default boundary consitions for the other boundaries.
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011 9
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
1. Enable Gravity.
Step 7: Injections
Define Injections...
10
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
(f) Click the Point Properties tab and set the following properties:
Parameter Value
Z position 1.6 m
Diameter 4e-05 m
Temperature 293 K
Z-Axis -1
Velocity Magnitude 45 m/s
Cone Angle 60 degree
Total Flow Rate 0.006 kg/s
(g) Click the Turbulent Dispersion tab and enable Discrete Random Walk Model.
(h) Enter 40 for Number of Tries.
(i) Click OK to close the Set Injection Properties dialog box.
You will create eight more injections at different locations.
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011 11
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
Step 8: Solution
For DPM cases, it is recommended to establish the flow field before initializing the droplet
calculations.
12
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
3. Disable convergence.
Monitors Residuals Edit...
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011 13
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
(a) Select Mass Flow Rate from the Options group box.
(b) Select inlet and outlet from the Boundaries selection list.
(c) Click Compute.
The net result is a very small value.
14
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
(a) Select Total Heat Transfer Rate from the Options group box.
(b) Ensure that inlet and outlet are selected from the Boundaries selection list.
(c) Click Compute and close the Flux Reports dialog box.
3. Report the DPM summary by entering the following TUI command in the console:
/ report> dpm-summary
Fate Number Elapsed Time (s)
Min Max Avg Std Dev
--------------------------------------------------
Evaporated 10800 1.491e-02 2.762e-02 2.148e-02 2.761e-03
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011 15
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
(a) Enable Draw Mesh from the Options group box to open the Mesh Display dialog
box.
i. Enable Faces and disable Edges from the Options group box.
ii. Select inlet and outlet from the Surfaces selection list.
iii. Click Display and close the Mesh Display dialog box.
(b) Select sphere from the Style drop-down list.
(c) Click the Attributes button to open the Path Style Attributes dialog box.
i. Enter 0.01 for Diameter and close the Path Style Attributes dialog box.
(d) Select Particle Variables... and Particle Diameter from the Color by drop-down
lists.
(e) Select injection-0 and injection-8 from the Release from Injections selection list.
(f) Set Skip to 2.
(g) Click Display and close the Particle Tracks dialog box (See Figure 3).
16
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011 17
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
(a) Select Mass-Weighted Average from the Report Type drop-down list.
(b) Select Temperature... and Static Temperature from the Field Variable drop-down
lists.
(c) Select outlet from the Surfaces selection list.
(d) Click Compute and close the Surface Integrals dialog box.
The value reported is approximately 674 K.
(a) Enable Filled and disable Global Range from the Options group box.
(b) Select Temperature... and Static Temperature from the Contours of drop-down
lists.
(c) Select outlet from the Surfaces selection list.
(d) Click Display (Figure 4).
(e) Select Species... and Mass Fraction of h20 from the Contours of drop-down lists.
(f) Click Display (Figure 5) and close the Contours dialog box.
18
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
(a) Select Temperature... and Static Temperature from the Contours of drop-down
lists.
(b) Select x=0 from the Surfaces selection list.
(c) Ensure that Global Range is disabled from the Options group box.
(d) Click Display (Figure 6).
(e) Select Species... and Mass Fraction of h2o from the Contours of drop-down lists.
(f) Click Display (Figure 7) and close the Contours dialog box.
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011 19
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
20
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011
Modeling Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Circular Channel
Summary
In this tutorial it is demonstrated that ANSYS FLUENT can be used to model cooling tower
application where net sensible cooling is achieved by evaporating water droplets. This
tutorial explains the steps that are needed to define mixture material, DPM interaction and
droplet injectors in detail. Note that the approach followed here, of first to solve for flow and
then switch on the DPM iterations after getting the converged solution, is recommended to
model real world problems involving cooling towers.
c ANSYS, Inc. March 7, 2011 21