Bi 1: Lm quen vi Access

Access cung cp mi trng vi cc tin ch mnh m qun l thng tin. S dng Access, bn
c th thc hin c cc nhim v qun tr d liu kh khn. Chng ny l bc u tin
trong qu trnh hc v lm quen vi cc thut ng c s, cng nh cch khi ng v thot
khi Access. Bn s c tr gip v nm vng i cng v nhng g c th lm vi Access.

Access cung cp mi trng vi cc tin ch mnh m qun l thng tin. S dng Access, bn
c th thc hin c cc nhim v qun tr d liu kh khn. Chng ny l bc u tin
trong qu trnh hc v lm quen vi cc thut ng c s,
cng nh cch khi ng v thot khi Access. Bn s
c tr gip v nm vng i cng v nhng g c th lm vi
Access.

Sau khi kt thc chng ny, bn s nm c nhng kin

thc sau:

Th no l c s d liu

Mi lin h gia cc table (bng), form (bo biu), query (truy vn) ti mt C s d liu
nh th no

Th no l cc bn ghi v trng d liu

Cch khi ng Access

Mi trng lm vic ca Access

Wizards tr gip nh th no

Lm cch no nhn c s tr gip khi s dng Access

C th s dng c c s d liu v Access

Cch thot khi Access

Thut ng Access

Trc khi i su vo mi trng Access, c mt vi thut ng m bn cn phi lm quen. Chng

ta s tho lun v cc thut ng v phi chc l bn hiu chng.

C s d liu l g?
C s d liu l mt tp hp cc thng tin c lin quan. V d, nu tp hp tt c cc bc nh
cng nhau, bn s c mt c s d liu nh. Nu tp hp tt c cc bc nh c cng ch , bn
s c mt c s d liu gc hoc mt tp con trong ton b c s d liu.

Nu c s d liu nh (v d nh cc hp ng bo him ca bn), bn c th qun l thng tin

bnh thng. Trong nhng trng hp nh vy, bn phi s dng cc phng php qun l c
nh mt bng file hay mt danh sch n gin trn giy. Tuy nhin, c s d liu ngy cng
nhiu, cc thao tc qun l tr nn kh hn. V d, s rt kh qun l bng tay c s d liu
v khch hng trong mt cng ty ln. y l lc my tnh ca bn v h qun tr c s d liu c
ch. Phn mm qun tr c s d liu gip bn qun l thng tin c nhanh v d dng hn.

Trong Access, mt c s d liu khng ch c thng tin m cn c cc bng thng tin c

sp xp, c s d liu Access cn bao gm c mi quan h cc truy vn, bo biu, bo co v cc
lnh lp trnh. Di y l khi nim v mt s thut ng thng dng trong Access:

Th no l mt Table (bng)?

Trong Access, cc bng cha thng tin thc t trong c s d liu, c th c nhiu hn mt bng.
Thng tin trong mi bng c th lin quan ti thng tin trong cc bng khc. V d, bn c mt
bng cha bn ghi ca tt c cc kha ca trong ta nh, mt bng khc phi c danh sch tt c
cha kha cho cc kha. Mt bng cha tn ca tt c nhng ngi c cha kha. C 3 bng c
thng tin lin quan n nhau, bi vy chng to thnh mt c s d liu. Hnh 1-1 m t mi
quan h gia cc bng trong c s d liu.

Hnh 1-1. Mi lin h gia cc bng v c s d liu

Bc u tin trong vic to mt c s d liu l xc nh thng tin cn thit. Tip theo, s

dng Access thit k bng lu tr thng tin. Hnh 1-2 minh ha xem ch Design view,
bn s dng ch Design view ch nh cu trc cho mi bng.
 Hnh 1-2. Ch Design view cho bng.

Sau khi thit k xong cc bng, s dng ch Datasheet view nhp v xem d liu. Hnh 1-3
minh ha cch xem d liu bng ch Datasheet view
 Hnh 1-3. Ch Datasheet view cho bng

Th no l mt Query (truy vn)?

Khi lm vic vi c s d liu ln, tc l lm vic vi cc vng ring trn d liu. V d, nu

bn c c s d liu ca mt cng ty, v mun xem tt c tn ca khch hng sinh sng ti H
Ni. Vi s kin nh vy, bn nn dng truy vn.

Mt cu hi truy vn d liu nh sau Nhng khch hng no sinh sng ti H Ni? Nh vy

query c nh ngha l vic truy vn cc thng tin ca c s d liu m bn mun xem.

V d, nu c s d liu cha tn ca tt c khch hng mua mt chi tit sn phm no , dng

truy vn c th a ra mt danh sch tn cc khch hng mua trn. Mt truy vn khc yu
cu ch a ra cc khch hng l tr em. V c bn, mt truy vn gii hn hoc lc thng tin t
mt c s d liu. Khi bn s dng query lc d liu, Access ch hin th thng tin p ng
truy vn
Ti sao nn s dng cc truy vn? Mt cch c th l bn ch lm vic mt phn ca c s d
liu, cc truy vn thc hin d dng a ra kt qu di dng bn ghi theo mt tiu chun nht
nh. Access cho bn thy c s r rng, c th hay phc tp nh bn mun trong cc truy
vn. Bn s bt u hc v cc truy vn trong chng 6 S dng cc truy vn x l d liu

Th no l Form (biu mu)?

Mt c s d liu tn ti lu gi thng tin. Sau khi xc nh thng tin cha trong c s d

liu, l ni bn cn nhp d liu; sau xem, thm, hoc thay i d liu. Bn nn s dng
ch Datasheet view khi hon thnh mi thao tc, c th to mt biu mu hin th ln mn
hnh nhp, xem v thay i thng tin.

Trong Access, biu mu (Form) hin th ln mn hnh c gi l form. S dng form c th

hin th thng tin trong mt bng, ng thi thm cc nt, text box, cc nhn v i tng khc
d liu nhp d dng hn. Hnh 1-3, bn c thy mt bng tng t nh Datasheet. Hnh 1-
4 biu din v d form c s dng a thng tin vo nh bng. Ch : s dng form cung
cp giao din tt hn cho ngi dng.

Hnh 1-4 V d v s dng form nhp thng tin cho bng

Record (Bn ghi) l g?

Bn ghi l mt khi thng tin c lp, nh d liu v cng nhn hay khch hng. Mt bng c
to ln t nhiu bn ghi. V d, nu bn c bng cha thng tin v tp hp cc th chi bng
chy, mt bn ghi s l thng tin ring v 1 th. Thng thng, cc bn ghi t theo dng trong
mt bng, Access trnh by cc bn ghi theo cc dng.
Trng (Field) l g?

Bng c to ln t cc bn ghi, bn ghi c to t cc trng. Nh vy, mt trng l vng

thng tin nh nht trong c s d liu. V d, nu bn c mt bng cha danh b in thoi, mi
bn ghi biu th cho mt ngi hay doanh nghip khc nhau. Ln lt, cc bn ghi ny c to
t cc trng ring (nh tn, a ch, s in thoi).

Hnh 1-5 biu din mi quan h gia cc trng, bn ghi, bng v c s d liu.
Bi 2: Cc i tng trong c s d liu

Cc i tng trong c s d liu bao gm bng (tables), truy vn

(queries), bo co (report), biu mu (forms), ...

Bng (Table)

Mt bng l tp hp cc thng tin c t trong cc dng v ct.

Thng tin v mt mc c hin th trong mt dng. Ct cha
thng tin cng loi vi mi mc. Bng c dng u cho bn bit d
liu c cha trong ct l g.

Hnh 1: V d
v thng tin
bng

xem d liu trong mt bng:

- Kch vo mi tn m Navigation pane.
- Chn i tng Tables.
- Sau , kch p vo tn bng m bng.

Truy vn (Queries)
Hnh 2: Xem d liu trong bng
Cc truy vn la chn cc bn ghi t mt hay nhiu bng trong c s d liu, do vy m chng
c th c xem, phn tch v lu tr ch datasheet. Mt truy vn c th thc thi cc php
ton v hin th kt qu. Tp hp cc kt qu ca cc bn ghi c gi l dynaset, c lu nh
mt i tng c s d liu v c th s dng d dng. Truy vn s c cp nhp bt c khi no
bng gc c cp nhp. Nu kiu truy vn l cc truy vn chn lc (select queries) th trch d
liu t cc bng da trn cc gi tr c th, kiu truy vn l find duplicate th hin th cc bn
ghi vi vic sao chp cc gi tr i vi mt hoc nhiu trng c th, v kiu truy vn find
unmatched hin th cc bn ghi t mt bng m khng c cc gi tr tng ng vi bng th hai.

thc thi mt truy vn:

- Kch vo mi tn m Navigation pane.

- Chn i tng Queries.

- Kch p vo tn truy vn.

Hnh 3: V d
v thit k
truy vn

Recordset

Recordset l mt bng m hin th nhm cc bn ghi t mt bng hay mt kt qu truy vn.

Form

Mt Form l mt giao din ha c s dng hin th v chnh sa d liu. Forms c th

c pht trin t mt bng hay mt truy vn. Forms gm cc php ton, ha v cc i
tng nh label, textbox, combobox, checkbox, ...

xem d liu t mt form:

- Kch mi tn m Navigation pane.

- Chn i tng Forms.

- Kch p vo tn form.
 Hnh 4:
Thng tin trn
form Khch
hng

Bo co (Report)

Mt bo co l mt u ra ca d liu theo yu cu. Cc bo co c th thc thi cc php ton v

hin th kt qu. Cc bo co c s dng in d liu.

xem d liu s dng mt bo co:

- Kch mi tn m Navigation pane.

- Chn i tng Reports.

- Kch p vo tn bo co.

Hnh 5: V d v bo co
Bi 3: To c s d liu mi

Bn c th to mt c s d liu mi t u
hoc t c s d liu wizard.

MS Access - Bi 2: Cc i tng trong c s

d liu

To c s d liu mi

to mt c s d liu mi t u:

- Kch chn Microsoft Office Button.

- Chn New.

- Chn biu tng New Blank Database.

Hnh 1: To
c s d liu
t New Blank
Database
- Nhp tn cho c s d liu vo phn vng bn phi ngay sau khi chn New Blank Database.

- Kch Create to.

Hnh 2: Bc
hon thnh
to Database
mi

Cc mu c s d liu

to mt c s d liu mi t cc mu c s d liu:

- Kch Microsoft Office Button.

- Kch New.

- Chn mu c s d liu bn mun to.

 Hnh 3: To
c s d liu
t Templates

- Nhp tn cho c s d liu.

- Kch nt Download to mt c s d liu mi t mu .

Hnh 4: Hon
thnh vic to
Database t
Templates
Bi 4: Truy vn c s d liu

Truy vn cho php bn la chn v lc d liu t nhiu bng. Cc truy vn c th c lu v s

dng bt c lc no cn thit.

MS Access - Bi 3: To c s d liu mi

Truy vn Wizard

Query Wizard s gii thiu tng bc

xy dng mt truy vn. thc thi mt
truy vn s dng Query Wizard:

- Kch tab Create

- Kch nt Query Wizard

- Chn kiu truy vn bn mun thc thi

- Kch OK.
- Chn cc trng bn mun c trong mi bng bng cch chn trng v kch nt
- la chn cc trng t nhiu bng khc nhau, kch vo mi tn xung ca Table/Queries
- Kch Next.

Hon thnh Query wizard

- Nhp tn cho truy vn
- Kch Finish.
- Kt qu truy vn s hin th nh sau:

chuyn i gia bng v truy vn:

- M Navigation Pane

- Kch p vo tn bng hoc truy vn xem.

Tnh nng thit k truy vn
Bn c th thit k mt truy vn vi nt Query Design. thit k mt truy vn s dng Query
Design:
- Kch nt Query Design trn tab Create.

- Hp thoi Show Table xut hin cho php bn la chn bng

- Kch Add thm bng v kch nt Close ng hp thoi Show Table
- Kch p vo tn trng bn mun n xut hin trong li thit k
- Lp li bc trn i vi cc trng khc

- Kch nt Run thc thi truy vn.

Thit k truy vn km theo cc iu kin

Tiu chun truy vn l s kim tm cc iu
kin c s dng trong truy vn ly d
liu. Bn c th thit lp tiu chun l mt
s c th hay chui d liu, hay vng d
liu.

Ch hin th bn ghi ph hp vi gi tr chnh xc (thay th t value

value
bng t bn mun tm)
= Bng
< Nh hn
<= Nh hn hoc bng
> Ln hn
>= Ln hn hoc bng
<> Khc nhau
Between X
Trong mt khong (ly gi tr trong khong gia X v Y)
And Y
Is Null Gi tr Null
And Ch ng nu iu kin tn ti
Or ng nu mt trong hai iu kin tn ti
Not ng nu 1 trng hp khng ng
to iu kin cho truy vn:
- Kch vo truy vn bn mun thm iu kin
- Nhp iu kin truy vn cho trong mc Criteria

- Sau kch nt Run thc thi truy vn.

Bi 5: Trng tnh ton
Trng tnh ton l mt trng m nhn c thng tin ca n t s tnh ton c
thc hin trn cc trng khc.

MS Access - Bi 4: Truy vn c s d liu

Bn c th xy dng min kt qu tnh ton

trong mn hnh Query bng cch s dng php
cng (+), tr (-), nhn (*) v chia (/).

Biu thc

Biu thc l s kt hp cc hm, tn trng, s,

vn bn, v cc php ton c lit k pha trn.

xy dng mt biu thc to mt trng tnh ton:

- M mt truy vn c sn hoc bt u mt truy vn mi

- Kch vo nt View

- Kch chn ch Design View.

- Trong Query, kch phi vo trng m bn mun to php ton

- Kch nt Build.

- Chn bng m bn mun xy dng php ton t

- Kch p vo trng m bn mun gp n trong php ton

- Chn ton t m bn mun c trong php ton

- Kch vo trng th hai bn mun gp trong php ton

- Kch OK.
- Kch nt Run thc thi.

Zoom

Hp thoi Zoom cho php bn xem ton b biu thc. xem hp thoi Zoom:

- Trong ch Design View, kch phi vo trng bn mun hin th.

- Kch Zoom.
Bi 6:Thit k Forms
Forms cho php bn iu khin giao din ca
mn hnh nhp d liu v cc bo co c to
ra.

MS Access - Bi 5: Trng tnh ton

Form Views

C 3 cch xem Forms trong Access:

Cho php bn thit k Form bao gm header, footer v cc chi

Design
tit trong Form. Bn cng c th thm hnh nh v cc iu khin
View
xut hin trn Form.

Form y l mt trang ng cho php ngi dng nhp v chnh sa

View d liu hoc iu chnh d liu trong mt lnh vc.

Layout
Cch xem ny cho php bn thit k Form v thao tc d liu.
View

To form

Bn c th to mt Form t mt bng hay mt truy vn. to mt Form:

- Kch tab Create

- Kch nt Form Design

- Kch tab Format

- Kch vo nt Add Existing Fields

- Trong hp Field List pha bn phi, kch v ko cc trng bn mun ln Form

- thay i mu sc v font, kch nt Property Sheet trn tab Arrange

Chnh sa cc thuc tnh trong hp thoi Property Sheet

- Chn Section bn mun chnh sa

- Chn thuc tnh bn mun chnh sa

 xem trc Form:

- Kch nt Views trn tab Home

- Kch nt Form View

Form Wizard

Bn c th to Form vi s tr gip t Form Wizard. s dng Form Wizard:

- Trn tab Create, kch vo mi tn xung ch More Forms

- Kch Form Wizard.

- Chn Tables/Queries m bn mun c trn Form

- Chn cc trng bn mun cho ln Forms

- Kch Next.

- Chn cch b tr cho form

- Kch Next.
- Chn kiu

- Kch Next.
- To tiu cho Form

- Chn ni bn mun m Form hay chnh sa thit k Form.

- Kch Finish.
Chng 9: To Form
T u cc bi hc cho ti nay, bn nhp v chnh sa thng tin trong cc bng.
bi hc ny, bn s hc cch s dng cc Form (biu mu) cho vic nhp v
chnh sa d liu.

MS Access - Bi 33: To Mailing Labels (nhn th)

MS Access - Bi 32: S dng Report Wizards khc
MS Access - Bi 31: To mt Report

Cc Form cho php bn to mt bc tin mi ngoi vic nhp

d liu thng thng. Tm li, Form cung cp cc giao din ty
thch m cho php bn lm vic vi d liu trong hu ht cc trng hp.

V d, nu bn ang lm vic vi mt c s d liu v nhn vin, bn c th to mt biu mu

ph hp vi bn ghi . Ty thuc vo cng ty, bn c th c mt s ban ngnh khc nhau m s
dng cc bn ghi ny. S dng cc Form trong Access, bn c th to mt giao din ty cho
tng phn. Ln lt, mi biu mu ca phn , s ch trnh by cc trng m cc nhn vin
trong phn cn s dng.

Kt thc chng ny, bn s nm c nhng ni dung sau:

Forms l g v cc li ch ca chng l g?

Cc cch to Forms

Lm th no khi ng v s dng Forms Wizards

Lm th no to cc Forms t ban u

Bn s dng hp cng c thit k biu mu nh th no

Bn c th s dng bng mu Access cc biu mu nh th no

Lm th no t cc i tng vo biu mu

Thuc tnh p dng cho cc i tng v biu mu nh th no

Lm th no lu biu mu trong c s d liu

Bi 35: Tm hiu v Forms

chng 2 Hc Access trong mt gi, bn c s dng Datasheet hin th ni dung

ca mt bng (Datasheet cng c th c s dng hin th kt qu mt truy vn nh hc
Chng 6 S dng cc Truy vn kim tra d liu). S dng Datasheet, bn c th nhp v
chnh sa thng tin mt cch d dng. iu khng hay l, Datasheet khng to c tnh thn
thin cho ngi dng. V d, trong chng 4 To C s d liu khc, bn trnh by mt
bng theo di cc khch hng. Bng cha thng tin v vic khi cc khch hng m ti
khon ca h, nhng gii hn ti chnh ca h l g... S khng thch hp mi ngi c th
truy cp vo nhng thng tin ny.

Bn c th to cc biu mu m hin th mt phn hay tt c ca bng. Thm vo , mt biu

mu c th cha thng tin c thit k nhp, nh trn mn hnh tr gip, cc nt, hay cc
cng c ty chnh. C rt nhiu cc tnh nng s dng trong form. V d, form hin th nh
hnh 1 l mt trong cc form bn s to ngay sau chng ny. Ch rng form linh hot hn v
d s dng hn Datasheet

Hnh 1: Mt mu form

s dng mt form cho vic nhp, bn cn chn nt Forms trong ca s Database. Nu c bt

k form sn c trong c s d liu, Access s lit k chng. Chn form bn mun v kch chut
vo nt Open. Tt mt form cng nh cch tt cc ca s khc: kch chut vo biu tng Close
gc trn bn phi ca ca s form

V cc form l cc i tng c s d liu, bn c th thao tc chng ging nh cch thao tc vi

cc i tng khc nh cc bng, truy vn v bo co. iu ny c ngha bn c th s dng cc
menu trong Access ty chn cc thao tc nh copy, i tn v xa form.
Chng 10: S dng cc cng c thm
Trong cc phng php qun l, Access hn ch ch l cch qun l c s d liu
n gin . Mt trong nhng chng minh ln nht l s dng cc thm cc cng c
m Microsoft chn cng vi Access.

MS Access - Chng 9: To Form

Nhng cng c ny khng tht s cn thit lin quan n vic to

d liu n gin hn s dng, nhng lm cho d liu n gin
hn to Database. Do vy, nhng cng c ny c th c
xem nh l s tr gip ci thin tnh hp l ca d liu bng
cch lm cho n chnh xc hn khi cha s dng cc cng c.

Sau khi kt thc chng ny, bn s nm c nhng ni dung sau:

Lm cch no s dng chng trnh kim li chnh t c ci sn ca Access.

Lm th no tnh nng AutoCorrect c th thc hin nhp d liu nhanh hn.

Ti sao phn tch mt bng c th dn ti kt qu l s hiu qu ca c s d liu.

Cch s dng cng c Performance Analyzer nh th no.

S dng chng trnh kim li chnh t.

D Access c th c xem nh mt chng trnh ring l, nhng thc t n l mt phn ca b

sn phm Office 2000. N chia s mt s cng c ph bin vi cc sn phm Office ph bin
khc. Mt trong nhng cng c ny l cng c kim li chnh t, n cho php bn kim tra chnh
t cc t trong c s d liu.

Chng trnh kim tra li chnh t c s dng trong Microsoft Office (do c trong Access)
khng ch cho php bn kim tra chnh t trong mt bng, m cn cho php kim tra chnh t bt
k i tng c s d liu no da trn mt bng. Do vy, bn c th kim tra chnh t ca mt
bng, truy vn, bng o hay biu mu.

Hai phn tip theo s miu t cch s dng cng c ny.

Kim li chnh t cho d liu.

Trc khi c th kim tra chnh t cho d liu, u tin bn phi chn i tng c s d liu
mun kim tra. V d, nu bn mun kim tra chnh t d liu trong mt bng c th, bn phi
chn bng . Bn c th chn i tng ti ca s Database hoc m i tng trc khi bt
u chng trnh kim tra li chnh t.

Nu bn ch mun kim tra chnh t mt phn d liu c th, bn cng c th chn cc dng
hoc ct trc khi bt u chng trnh kim tra. iu ny r rng l tt hn khi xem bng hay
truy vn ch Datasheet.

C 3 cch bt u s dng chng trnh kim tra li chnh t m bn c th tham kho sau
y:

Chn Spelling t thc n Tools.

Kch chut vo cng c Spelling trn thanh cng c.

Nhn phm F7.

Bt k bn chn cch thc no, Access bt u so snh ni dung d liu trong i tng c s d
liu vi danh sch cc t xy dng trc . Nu Access tm ra mt li, n s nh du t
trong ch Datasheet hay Form, hin th hp thoi Spelling v i bn tr li. Hnh 1 hin th
v d khi bn bt u kim tra chnh t bng My Friends.
 Hnh 1:Cc
tnh nng
ca cng c
kim tra li
chnh t.

Hp thoi Spelling cho bn thy t m Access nghi ng l li, cng vi bt k gi thay i.

Cc nt trong hp thoi cung cp mt s cch khc nhau bn tip tc:

Ignore Field: S dng nt ny Access tip tc kim tra li chnh t nhng b qua mi d
liu trong phm vi c ch .

Ignore: S dng nt ny b qua s thay i c gi . Access s chuyn sang t khng

ng tip theo.

Ignore All: S dng nt ny b qua ngh thay i. Access chuyn sang t khng ng
tip theo, nhng b qua mi s c khc ca t nh du.

Change: S dng nt ny nu bn mun thay i t c nh du t nhng gi c chn.

Access thc hin thay i v chuyn sang cc t khng ng tip theo.
 Change All: S dng nt ny nu bn mun thay i tt c nhng bin c ca t c nh
du theo gi c chn. Access thc hin thay i v chuyn sang t khng ng tip theo.

Add: S dng nt ny thm t c nh du vo t in. Ty chn ny c tho lun chi

tit hn trong phn tip theo.

Suggest: S dng nt ny Access tip tc gi thm cc t m c th c s dng sa

li chnh t.

Hu ht bn thng chn mt trong nhng s gi cho sn v sau kch chut vo nt Change

hoc n gin l kch vo nt Ignore. Nt Ignore All l nt cng c s dng ph bin; n
thng rt ph bin vi cc tn, nhng t c nh du l sai li chnh t. Sau khi kch chut
vo mt nt, Access tip tc tm kim nhng t sai. Nu bt k t sai no c tm thy, bn s
nhn c c hi thc hin thay i.

Thm cc t ty thch

Nhng c hi m c nhn bn s dng Access s c mt cht khc bit hn v cch thc m

nhng ngi khc s dng chng trnh. iu ny khng th hn khi s dng chng tnh kim
tra li chnh t. Bn c th s dng cc t trong d liu m duy nht thc hin hoc khoanh
trn. Tht may l Access cung cp mt phng php n gin m bn c th dng xy dng
t in cho cc t ty thch ca chnh bn.

Hy quay tr li hp thoi Speling trong hnh 1. Ch rng c mt nt Add trong hp thoi.

Nu bn kch chut vo nt ny khi Access ang gi mt s sa cha li, t m Access pht
hin sai c thm vo t in ca bn. Bn s khng phi nhc li nu t khng ng.

l kin hay thm cc t vo t in khi cn thit. Bng cch ny, bn c th tc ng ti

Access tm t vit ph hp vi nhu cu ca bn m khng cn phi b qua mi li m Access
tm ra.
Bi 13: To Reports (bo co)
Reports (bo co) l mt cch thc xem v phn tch mt s lng ln d liu.
Bn c th s dng Report Wizard hay to mt bo co ty m bn cn.

MS Word - Bi 12: To Macros

Report Views

Reports c th c hin th theo 4 ch sau:

Ch Design View cung cp cho bn vi cu

Desi trc ca bo co. Bn c th thm, chnh sa hay
gn xa cc thnh phn ca report. Nhng bn khng
View th thao tc d liu trong nhiu bng c kt
hp vi bo co.

Repo
Report View cho php bn xem d liu t bng
rt
nhng khng thay i cch b tr ca bo co.
View

Layo Ch ny cho php bn xem d liu t bng v

ut c th thm, chnh sa, xa cc thnh phn ca
View bo co.

Print
Print Preview cho php bn xem bo co s trng
Previ
nh th no khi c in ra.
ew

thay i ch xem bo co:

- Kch vo nt View trn tab Home

To mt Report

to mt bo co trng:

- Kch nt Blank Report trn tab Create

- Kch nt Add Existing Fields

- T danh sch cc trng, kch v ko cc trng ln bo co

Report Wizard

to mt bo co s dng Report Wizard:

- Trn tab Create, kch nt Report Wizard

- Chn Tables/Queries m bn mun c trn bo co

- Chn cc trng bn mun cho ln bo co ri n nt > (nu bn chn tng trng) hoc
n nt >> (nu bn chn tt c cc trng).

- Kch Next
- Chn sp xp theo th t cho bo co

- Kch Next

- Chn cch b tr (Layout) v nh hng quay ngang hay dc (Orientation) cho bo co

- Sau kch Next

- Chn kiu cho bo co

- Kch Next
- To mt tiu cho bo co

- Chn cch bn mun m bo co xem (Preview the report) hoc chnh sa bo co (Modify
the reports design)

- Kch Finish
Trng tnh ton

Bn c th to cc bo co m trong c c trng tnh ton. Nhng bo co ny s hin

th thng tin m bn mun vi mt php ton s hc. thm mt trng tnh ton vo bo
co:

- M Report bn mun to thm trng tnh ton

- Kch nt View

- Kch Design View

- Kch tab Design

- Kch nt Text Box

- Kch vo phn trn bo co, ni bn mun nh v textbox

- Kch nt Property Sheet

- Kch tab Data

- Kch vo nt pha bn phi ca Control Source c k hiu ba chm

- Chn thm cc trng bn mun c trong tnh ton

- Kch OK.
Bi 31: To mt Report

Ch : Phn ny s dng c s d liu My Friends m bn to

Chng 2 v 3.

bt u vi Report Wizard, phi chc chn l tab Reports c chn trong ca s

Database. Sau , kch p chut vo Create Report By Using Wizard. Access hin th hp
thoi Report Wizard nh hnh 1.

Hnh 1: Hp thoi Report Wizard

Pha bn tri hp thoi Report Wizard, bn c th s dng danh sch x xung xc nh

nhng ngun no m Access nn dng cho bo co mi ny. Hy nh l bn c th s dng c
d liu ngun l cc bng v truy vn. V c s d liu My Friends ch c mt bng (bng My
Friends) v Access chn n cho bn. Nu bn ang lm vic vi mt c s d liu cha
cc bng v truy vn khc, bn c th s dng danh sch x xung thay i ngun d liu

Chn la thng tin

Ti v tr pha di bn tri hp thoi l mt danh sch ca tt c cc trng c xc nh

trong vic chn bng hay truy vn. Nu bn thay i ngun d liu t danh sch, th cc trng
hin hu cng s thay i. Bn c th s dng danh sch v cc iu khin pha bn phi danh
sch, cho bit trng no bn mun c trong bo co ang to. T mt bo co n gin ny,
bn s dng cc trng sau y:
 Last Name

First Name

Address

City

State

Zip Code

Home Phone

Work Phone

cho Access bit bn mun s dng mt trng trong bo co, kch chut vo tn trng (theo
th t hin th pha di y) v kch chut vo nt >. Access s chuyn trng t ct pha bn
tri sang ct pha bn phi. Lp li qu trnh ny cho ti khi bn la chn v chuyn tt c cc
trng lit k trn. Sau khi hon thnh, kch chut vo nt Next. Access hin th hp
thoi nh hnh 2.

Hnh 2: Chn cc trng gp nhm.

Nhm cc thng tin

Bc tip theo l quyt nh bn mun thng tin c nhm li theo th t c th no. Gp
nhm thng c thc hin trong cc bo co v ti chnh, mc d n khng c ngha l gii
hn cc bo co ti chnh. V d, nu bn to mt bo co hin th vic bn hng cho mt cng
ty, bn mun thng tin trong bo co c nhm theo thng, theo ngi bn hng hoc theo khu
vc.

To mt bo co n gin da vo bng My Friends, vic gp nhm c th l khng cn thit.

xem cch n lm vic nh th no, hy ni rng bn c mt s lng ln bn b trong c s
d liu v mun c nhm li theo trng State. thc hin, ch cn chn trng State pha
bn tri hp thoi v kch vo nt >. Hp thoi Report Wizard thay i hin th cch gp
nhm nh hnh 3.

Hnh 3: Gp nhm s gip bn t chc u ra trong mt bo co.

Ch rng trng State c chuyn ln trn cng ca mu bo co v nt Group Options

c hot ng. Vi mt s loi bo co, bn c th thay i cc ty chn nhm. Lm nh vy
s cho php bn xc nh cch Access nn phn tch trng m bn ang gp nhm. Trong
trng hp ny, thay i ty chn gp nhm l khng cn thit.

tin hnh bc tip theo, kch chut vo nt Next. Access hin th hp thoi nh hnh 4.
 Hnh 4: Chn cc trng sp xp theo.

Sp xp thng tin cho bo co

By gi, bn cn quyt nh thng tin trong bo co c sp xp nh th no. Access cho php

bn ch nh ti a 4 trng c th sp xp. Trong phn ln cc trng hp bn ch s dng mt
hoc 2 trng sp xp. Nu bn to mt danh sch bn b, v mun tn ca h c sp xp
theo th t bng ch ci. Bn nn chn trng LastName v FirstName.

S dng danh sch x xung th nht vi vic sp xp chn trng LastName. Nu mun,
bn c th kch chut vo nt sp xp pha bn phi trng cho bit Access nn sp xp
trng theo th t tng dn hoc gim dn. V by gi, bn s dng danh sch x xung th hai
chn trng FirstName.

Khi hon thnh vic chn cc trng sp xp, bn c th kch chut vo nt Next tin
hnh bc tip theo. Access hin th hp thoi nh hnh 5.
 Hnh 5: Xc nh layout cho bo co.

Xc nh Report Layout

S dng hp thoi hnh 5, bn c th biu th cc ty chn khc nhau cho vic b tr bn bo co.
Cc nt ty chn trong hp thoi iu chnh cc b tr khc nhau. Cch tt nht tm hiu cch
m bn mun d liu xut hin l th cc nt khc nhau. Access s thay i mu bo co biu
th thng tin.

Ch rng, cc iu chnh trong hp thoi khng thc hin vi ni dung, m ch p dng vi

cch cc bo co trnh by ni dung m bn chn. Bn cnh vic chn mt kiu b tr, hp
thoi cng cho php bn chn mt s nh hng cho bo co ( l quay ngang hoc quay dc
bo co). Theo cc trng bao gm trong bo co ny, bn chc chn chn kiu xoay ngang.

Bn cng c th s dng hp thoi ny ch ra Access nn gii hn kch thc ca mi trng

u ra. Nu hp chn Adjust (pha di hp thoi) c chn, Access c th ct b mt s d
liu. Nu bn b qua hp chn ny, d liu khng b ct b nhng n c th khng nm ht trn
mt dng. V mc ch ca bo co ny, chp nhn s mc nh l cho php iu chnh rng
cho ct. (Nh l bn lun c th thay i report layout sau ).

Khi hon thnh, kch chut vo nt Next thc hin hp thoi tip theo (hnh 6).
 Hnh 6: Chn kiu bo co.

Ti y, bn c thm c hi xc nh cch bn mun ni dung s xut hin nh th no.

Access cung cp 6 kiu c nh ngha trc m xc nh cc yu t bo co nh font ch,
mu sc, dng, Bn c th chn ln lt mi kiu v xem bo co ca bn s xut hin nh
th no trong hp thoi. Chn mt kiu v kch vo nt Next. Access hin th hp thoi cui
cng nh hnh 7.
 Hnh 7: Kt thc to bo co

Bn gn hon thnh xong vic nh ngha bo co. Trong hp thoi cui, Access hi bn v
tiu s dng cho bo co. Tiu ny c dng trong hai v tr: pha trn cng ca mi trang
trong bn bo co c in, v khi lu bo co thc trong c s d liu. Ch rng, Wizard cung
cp cng mt tn nh bng c s dng. Trong trng hp ny th l mt tiu ph
hp, do vy bn c th dng li n.

Lc ny bn sn sng kch chut vo nt Finish. Khi , Access s dng thuc tnh xem
trc khi in hin th cho bn bn bo co s c in ra nh th no. y l cch c th xem
nu bn cn thc hin bt k thay i no. Hnh 8 hin th bo co cui cng.
 Hnh 8: Bo co cui cng

Report Wizard to mt bo co rt hay. C vi thay i bn c th thc hin (nh thay i l,

rng cc trng) nhng thay i ton b bo co th khng nn. chng 14, bn s hc
cch s dng ca s thit k bo co v v vy bn c th to nhng bo co ring t s hn tp
v thc hin cc thay i cho bo co.

Khi xem xong bo co, ng ca s xem trc khi in bng cch kch chut vo cng c Close
trn thanh cng c hoc kch vo biu tng Close (X) pha gc trn bn phi ca s. Access
ch hin th ca s Design khi hon thnh. Bn c th ng ca s thit k bng cch kch
chut vo biu tng Close pha gc trn bn phi ca s Design. Lc ny bn hon thnh
bn bo co u tin trong Access.
Bi 38: S dng tnh nng AutoCorrect
Nu bn l mt ngi s dng Word (b x l t ph bin ca Microsoft) bn c th
rt quen thuc vi tnh nng AutoCorrect.

MS Access - Chng 10: S dng cc cng c thm

MS Access - Chng 9: To Form

Cng c ny cng thch nghi vi Access tr gip bn thc

hin hiu qu hn trong vic nhp d liu.

Mc ch ca AutoCorrect l t ng thay th nhng g bn nhp vo. iu ny nghe c v k

l, nhng n thc s l mt li ch. V d, nu bn thng xuyn b li chnh t khi nhp d liu,
bn c th tc ng Access nhn ra t v thay th n bng mt t thch hp. Tng t, bn
c th xc nh on m ngn m c th t thay th cho cc t hoc cc cm t di.

S dng AutoCorrect c l l tnh nng tr gip mnh m khi nhp d liu. V d: khi bn nhp
t Amalgamated Widgets Worldwide, bn c th nh ngha cm t trong AutoCorrect l
aww khi nhp t , n s t ng thay th thnh Amalgamate Widgets Wordwide.

Thm cc mc t

thm thng tin vo AutoCorrect, chn AutoCoreect t thc n Tools. Access hin th hp
thoi AutoCorrect nh hnh 1.
 Hnh 1: Hp
thoi
AutoCorrect

pha trn hp thoi AutoCorrect bn c th iu khin mt s thay i t ng.Gn pha di

hp thoi l danh sch mc t ca AutoCorrect. Mi mc t c to bi 2 phn: phn pha bn
tri (Replace) l phn nhp m t tt cho t hay cm t di phn pha bn phi, phn bn phi
(With) th bn nhp t hay cm t mun c t ng hin ra khi g m t tt.

V d: khi bn phi nhp cm t Amalgamated Widgets Worldwide nhiu. khng mt thi

gian, bn lm nh sau: phn Replace, bn nhp m t tt l aww, cn phn With, bn nhp
Amalgamated Widgets Worldwide, sau kch vo nt Add thm vo danh sch cc mc t
AutoCorrect. By gi, bn ch cn nhp m t aww, ngay lp tc n s t ng i thnh cm t
Amalgamated Widgets Worldwide.

Nh vy, thm cc mc t ty thch, bn thc hin bng cch s dng hp Replace v With.
Tt c bn cn lm l nhp vo hp Replace v nhp vo hp With t m bn mun n c thay
(lm tng t nh v d vi cm t Amalgamated Widgets Worldwide).

Loi b mc t
Ch khi bn thm cc mc t vo danh sch AutoCorrect, bn cng c th xa chng. lm
iu ny, ch cn chn mc t trong hp thoi AutoCorrect (hnh 1) v kch chut vo nt Delete.
Access s b mc t t danh sch v khng cn t ng thay i t c s dng.

Bn nn ch rng Access khng i hi xc minh s xa b; n ch thc hin xa. Tuy nhin,

cc thng tin xa vn cn trong hp Replace v With sau khi xa. iu ny c ngha nu bn
nhn ra mc t c xa m khng mun xa, ngay lp tc bn c th kch chut vo nt Add
nhp li mc t trong danh sch AutoCorrect.
Bi 39: Phn tch bng
Access gm mt cng c rt mnh m bn c th s dng phn tch d liu trong
mt hoc nhiu bng.

MS Access - Bi 38: S dng tnh nng AutoCorrect

Mc nh ca vic phn tch l xc nh nu c t d tha trong vic lu tr d

liu trong bng. t d tha y c ngha l Access c gng loi b bt k d liu no m
c lu tr trong bng nhiu hn mt ln. V d, trng company name nn c a ra
ngoi bng gc v c thay th bng mt bng mi. Mc d kt qu s l 2 bng (bng gc v
bng mi), nhng c s d liu s hiu qu hn v thng tin khng b nhn i trong bng gc.

Mt v d c l l cch tt chng minh qu trnh phn tch. V d trong phn ny da trn c

s d liu Accounts.mdb. C s d liu ny cha mt bng tn l Invoices, c trn 1000 ha n
trong . Mt s trng ti thiu c duy tr trong bng nhng c kh nhiu s d tha trong
d liu.

Bt u phn tch

Vi c s d liu Accounts, kch chut vo nt Tables trong ca s Database. Kch chn bng
Invoices. Sau , chn Analyze t thc n Tools. Access hin th mt trnh n ph t vic
chn bng nh hnh sau:
 Hnh 1: Hp
thoi Table
Analyzer
Wizard.

Vic u tin trn mn hnh Wizard l vic gii thch mc ch ca Table Analyzer Wizard. Bn
c th c ht cc thng tin nu mun, sau kch chut vo nt Next khi sn sng Hp
thoi hin th nh hnh sau:
 Hnh 2:
Chn bng
phn tch

Hu ht cc c s d liu c th c nhiu hn mt bng. Tht may l c s d liu ny ch cha

mt bng c tn Invoices. V y l bng mc nh c chn, kch chut vo nt Next.
Access hin th hp thoi tip theo:
 Hnh 3: Bt
u qu
trnh phn
tch

bc ny bn cn quyt nh l mnh mun cho php Wizard la chn cc trng trong bng
chn hay bn mun thc hin theo cch th cng. V cng vic ca mt Wizard thc hin kh d
dng, ta chn Yes, let the wizard decide. Thm ch nu Wizard thc hin la chn khng tt,
bn c th hy b quyt nh bc tip theo.

Xc nhn vic tch bng

Khi bn sn sng, kch chut vo nt Next. Access hin th nh hnh sau:

 Hnh 4: Xc
minh vic
tch bng

Ch : Table Analyzer Wizard thit lp cc mi quan h gia cc

bng. Bn s tm hiu r hn mi lin h c thc hin nh th
no chng 13 Tm hiu mi quan h d liu

phn ny, Wizard cho bn thy nhng g n ra lm. i vi bng Invoices gc, Wizard
d nh chia thnh 3 bng. Hy xem cc trng m Wizard gi chuyn thnh mi bng, rt d
thy mi bng cha thng tin cc ha n giao dch, cc khch hng, v cc sn phm. S
dng hp thoi ny, bn c th t tn cho cc bng.

thy cch thc hin nh th no, phi chc chn Table1 c chn (hnh 4). Sau kch
chut vo nt Rename ( gn pha gc trn bn phi hp thoi). Access hin th mt hp thoi
nh cho php bn xc nh tn bng mi. i vi Table1, tn nn c t l Invoice
Transactions. Sau , kch chut vo nt OK. Access cp nht tn nh trong thanh tiu i vi
bng c tn mi.
Bn nn lp li cng vic ny t tn cho Table2 v Table3 l Customers v Products. Kch
chut ln thanh tiu mi bng v sau i tn. Khi hon thnh, cc bng s xut hin nh
hnh sau:

Hnh 5: Cc
bng
c i
tn.

Nhng vic khc bn c th lm trong hp thoi ny (ngoi vic t tn cho cc bng) l ghi
cch Wizard chia bng. Khi thc hin phn tch, bn s mun chc chn rng mi bng c a
ra phi cha cc trng lin quan t bng gc. Trong v d ny, Wizard thc hin rt tt, n
ch ra rng chng ta c tn bng Customers cn c mt CustomerID duy nht cng nh
CustomerName v Discount.

Nu bn cn ghi vic phn chia ca Wizard, tt c cn lm l kch chut vo mt tn trng

v ko n t mt bng ti bng khc. Tuy nhin, trong v d ny khng tht s cn thit phi lm
nh vy.

Xc nhn kha chnh

Khi kch chut vo nt Next, Access hin th bc tip theo nh hnh sau:
 Hnh 6:
Thit lp
kha chnh

Hp thoi ny tng t nh hp thoi s dng trong phn trc. Tuy nhin, khc nhau cc
nt iu khin pha trn cng hp thoi. Wizard s hi xc nhn mi bng phi c mt kha
chnh. Nhng kha chnh cho cc bng Customers v Products c to bi Wizard. Tuy nhin,
Wizard qun rng trng ID s l mt kha chnh trong bng Invoice Transactions.

xc nh trng ID l mt kha, u tin kch chn tn trng. Sau kch chn cng c m
biu th chic kha. Access p li bng cch t mt kha nh pha bn tri trng ID trong
bng Invoice Transaction.

Li Correcting Typographical

Khi kch chut vo nt Next, Wizard s phn tch d liu trong bng c gi v hin th
nhng g c th c cho l li. Access thc hin iu ny vi mi bng mi c to bi
Wizard. V hai bng mi (Customerds v Products) c to bi Wizard trong v d ny, iu
ny c ngha Access hin th hai hp thoi typographical correction. Hp thoi u tin cho bng
Customer nh hnh sau:
 Hnh 7: Li
Correcting
typographic
al i vi
bng
Customers

y l hp thoi hin th 5 tn khch hng m cho rng c th b li. N a ra kt qu ny

bng cch s dng mt thut gii bn trong. Nu chnh t ca d liu ng vi d liu trong
bng th n c cho l li tim n. Tt c bn cn lm l s dng danh sch ko xung trong ct
Correction chn chnh t ng hoc thit lp (Leave As Is).

Ch : Nu bn ang phn tch mt bng ln m lm vic vi

nhiu ngi trong mt thi gian di, rt c th bn s gp nhiu li
trong ti liu. Phi chc chn bn dnh thi gian sa nhng li
cn thit trong bc ny; n s d hn l kim tra li sau .

Trong v d bng Customers ny, khng c li chnh t. Bn nn thay i ct Corrections bng

tt c cc bn ghi (Leave As Is) m thit lp c chn. Khi hon thnh, kch chut vo nt
Next. Wizard sau hin th bng Products nh hnh 8.
 Hnh 8: Li
Correcting
typographic
al i vi
bng
Customers.

N ch xy ra nh vy khi mt bn ghi c xc nh l c th b li.Tt nhin, trong bng ring

ca bn th c th c li. Bn nn xuyn sut qu trnh sa li tht chnh xc nh lm vi bng
Customers. Trong trng hp ny, bn chn ty chn Leave As Is cho ct Correction.
Kt thc vic phn tch.

Khi kch chut vo nt Next, Wizard hin th bc cui cng nh hnh sau
 Hnh 9:
Bc phn
tch cui
cng.

Bc cui cng trong Table Analysis Wizard l ni bn xc nh nu mun to mt truy vn

trng nh bng gc. Nu khng mun to truy vn bn c th tch chn No, dont create the
query v kch nt Finish kt thc qu trnh phn tch bng. Trong trng hp bn mun to
truy vn, n c ngha rng Wizard to mt truy vn l s pha trn ca 3 bng, c kt hp nh
bng gc.

Kch chn Yes, create the query v kch nt Finish hon thnh qu trnh phn tch bng.
Access hin th truy vn mi ln mn hnh nh hnh 10.
Hnh 10:
Truy vn
mi c
to bi
Table
Analysis
Wiard.