Collin Black 1

Annotated Bibliography

Does Gun Control Really Help or Does It Leave the General Populous Defenseless?

Collin Black

Professor Malcolm Campbell

English 1104

3/14/17
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Annotated Bibliography

Goldhill, Olivia. How Do Police Handle Violence in Countries Where Officers Don't Carry

Guns?Quartz, Quartz, 9 July 2016, qz.com/727941/how-do-police-handle-violence-in

-countries-where-officers-dont-carry-guns/. Accessed 10 Mar. 2017.

This is a news article published by Quarts exploring how other nations police forces and

laws affect guns. Police dont need guns to be effective. Police brutality is becoming a

normality and is horrific. Black man being shot could be called the modern-day

lynching. In six months, approximately 570 have been killed by US police. It doesnt

have to be that way - police officers dont have to shoot to kill several countries police do

not even have to carry a gun. Countries - Norway, Iceland, New Zealand, Britain, and

Ireland police do not carry firearms. In Iceland, it is legal for citizens to carry guns - only

about 30% of people actually do. In 1886 New Zealand police were disarmed their

principle is constables are placed in authority to protect, not to oppress, the public.

Citizens in the other countries dont have access to guns generally. Police are not taken

by surprise by a firearm. Officers are trained how to handle firearms. Armed officers can

be called to respond to a situation where a person is armed. Key differences between US

and elsewhere is training. Us train for an average of 19 weeks Norway have three years

training. In 19 weeks of training time is spent on essential things like defending yourself

and keeping yourself safe. Three years means you also learn to protect others, how to

avoid situations from arising. This leads itself to a whole different outlook and culture in

enforcement of the laws. Other countries train to do de-escalate hostile situations and to
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use minimal violence. In Finland, you must obtain permission from superior officer

before shooting. In Spain, a warning shot is fired. In the US only shoot to kill, or deadly

force is used. US law gives a fairly wide scope for police violence and can shoot if there

is reasonable perception of a grave, imminent threat officers can determine what is

reasonable European Convention of Human Rights policies can only shoot when it is

absolutely necessary. Working in countries where citizens do not have access to guns

give police officers a much better work environment. Iceland where citizens do have

guns has one of the lowest global crime rates in the world. Most of their crimes do not

involve firearms. Being a police officer comes with great risks but better training can

reduce this risk.

The author of this article is Olivia Goldhill. This article was published on July ninth of

2016. The publisher of the article is Quartz and there is no known edition or revision

information provided. The title of the article is How do Police Handle Violence in

Countries Where Officers Dont Carry Guns?. This article is intended for those who are

interested in less violence by police and less gun violence. This is also written to provide

more education about handling situations to keep them less violent. This article talks a

lot about not shooting to kill. The article provides some insight to training of police

officers and the differences between how the US does their training compared to how

other countries.

This is helpful to see how other countries handle officers with no guns. How other

countries have less violence and how they spend more time training their officers. This

showed the differences in country policies as in the US has shoot to kill and other

countries are restricted to shoot only when absolutely necessary. This may be less useful
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for paper due to dealing more with policies then actual gun laws. It was interesting to see

about other countries and how they handled guns and their police force.

Lotts, John R. Effects of Gun Control. Effects of Gun Control, University of Chicago Law

School, www.largo.org/Lott.html. Accessed 10 Mar. 2017.

This is an article written by a professor based on guns and how they are used. More guns

equal less violent crime. The democratic party solution and violent crime is clear - more

regulation of guns. Crucial questions underlying all gun-control laws include what is

their net effect, are more lives lost or saved, do they deter crime or encourage it. Shall-

issue laws - type of gun control law on concealed weapons - gives people right to carry

concealed handgun if they have no criminal record / history of mental illness. These laws

have reduced crime. Criminals respond rationally to deterrence threats. There are some

benefits of concealed handguns. People can use them for self-defense. Weapons that are

concealed keep criminals uncertain whether a potential victim can defend himself. It

makes attacking everyone less attractive. Confronting an armed person is much lower.

Some criminals avoid violent crimes byt do not always give up their criminal life

altogether. Violent crime rates may fall however larceny, auto thefts may rise, much

better to live with them than the violent crimes. Support for strict gun control laws has

been strongest in big cities and where crime rates are highest - the right to carry laws

have produced largest drops in violent crimes. Women are helped more by concealed

handguns because victims are usually weaker than the criminal who attacks. Women
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with a concealed handgun makes a big difference in her ability to defend herself. Guns

are a great equality between the weak and the vicious. It is rare that owners of concealed

handguns use them to commit violent crimes or in minor disputes such as traffic

accidents. Accidental deaths are fewer than 200 per a year in the United States.

Preventing, law - abiding citizens from carrying handguns does not end violence, but

merely makes people more vulnerable to attack. The opportunity to reduce the murder

rate by simply relaying a regulation ought to be difficult to ignore.

Professor John R Lotts from the university of Chicago Law School is the author of this

writing. This was published by the professor. The title of this article is More Guns

Equal Less Crime. The exact time of publication is unknown. The intended audience is

more than likely Democrats since it is from the Democratic party. Their solution is not

objective because they feel the solution to violent crime is more regulation of guns

compared to a good compromise between the two sides of the argument. The article

states example of gun regulations and types of gun control as well as discussing the

regulations placed on concealed carry of a firearm. The article discusses shall issue laws

which were new and not discussed in other articles. This article also discussed in more

detail about concealed handguns. This was well written and easier to understand.

This article talks about regulation which is a part of my paper. However, this is a point of

view from one special interest group. The opinions may be biased.

Prez-Pea, Richard. Gun Control Explained. The New York Times, The New York Times, 7

Oct. 2015, www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/10/07/us/gun-control

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-explained.html?_r=0. Accessed 10 Mar. 2017.

This information comes from a news article published by the New York Times. Gun

control is a broad term covering any sort of restriction including the kinds of firearms

bought and sold, who can possess and or sell them, where and how they will be stored or

carried, duties a seller has to vet a buyer, and also the duty of the buyer and the seller to

report it to the government. This term is also used to cover related matters such as the

type of ammunition, magazine, technology. Federal law prohibits those with criminal

records, mental illness, drug addicts, veterans who left the military with a dishonorable

discharge, immigrants without legal status, and anyone with a permanent restraining

order as well as others from owning firearms. The law requires licensed gun dealers to

run a background check before selling a firearm to a customer. There are however major

holes in the system among these being incomplete listings of criminal cases as well as

small scale sellers that do business at gun shows are not required to do background

checks. Laws pertaining to the mentally ill is extremely porous as well only prohibiting

the possession of a gun by a person who is adjudicated as a mental defective by a court

or other authority. Many of these people are able to petition the courts and get the

restraints reversed. Between the years 1994 and 2004, the law also banned the sale of

many types of assault rifles as well as large capacity magazines, however this law has

since expired. Gun control laws do exist at the state level. Some states have more

stringent background check systems than the federal one and require a license or permit

to own a gun. Laws regarding carrying weapons differ greatly. Many states allow anyone

legally possessing a firearm to carry it openly in public without permit or license. A few
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states have no permit requirement to carry a concealed gun but most states require that

you do. States rules also vary regarding gun possession in different settings like

campuses and houses of worship. Even among law enforcement officials they are

divided in big cities police chiefs are more likely to support gun control where small

town chiefs and sheriffs might be more inclined to oppose it. Over the past 25 years,

Americans support for more gun control legislation is declining even while the number

of mass shooting rise. Many polls on gun control have found that the country is fairly

evenly divided when asked broadly about gun control but when asked about specific

restrictions placed on guns there tends to be more who are pro control. The majority of

people seem to support universal background checks and steps to keep guns out of the

hands of the mentally ill. The arguments against more gun control come down to the

principle, law and practicality. Gun rights supporters view possession of firearms as a

matter of individuals rights. Legally the debates come down to the second amendment

and how it was written in the 18th century questioning whether it means individual rights

or a collective right as a militia. In 2008 the supreme court ruled that the second

amendment protects the individual right to possess a firearm in a 5 - to - 4 decision for

the first time. On a more practical note gun owners say that firearms make society safer

providing the ability for self-defense and dissuading criminals from victimizing those

who might be armed.

Richard Prez-Pea wrote this article on October the seventh of two thousand fifteen.

The article was written for the New York times with the title of gun control explained.

People have been searching google for information and questions about gun control. This

article is trying to answer some of those questions asked by the general population of the
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United States. The article stated each question asked and then the author gave his

answers to the question at hand. This reading covered many questions and gave complete

and thorough answers to those questions asked.

This article is very relevant to my paper because this is one of the main questions and

concerns raised in my paper. This article states some of the same information found in

other sources when researching. This article will be of great value in doing this research.

It is written for the general population and the terms used are understandable to a wide

variety of readers.

Sacks, Chana A, et al. In the Wake of Orlando - Taking Steps against Gun

Violence. Shibboleth Authentication Request, The NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL of

MEDICINE, 1 Sept. 2016,

www.nejm.org.librarylink.uncc.edu/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMe1608173. Accessed 10 Mar.

2017.

This information is from a peer reviewed editorial on gun violence from the medical

perspective. Gun violence includes four complicated problems that include mass

shootings, suicides, homicides and gun related injuries, accidental shootings. These four

problems all have varied causes and solutions. Among these is easy access to guns being

a unifying thread. Universal background checks should be instituted for every gun sale in

every setting in the country - should be uncontroversial. Implementation of such a

process is not simple. The complexity however should not be an excuse for inaction.
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First step would be to a renewed ban on assault weapons designed with the capability

to fire 45-60 rounds per a min. Certain types of weapons do not have any practical

application for untrained civilians. The medical community has a particular voice in this

issue. Emergency physicians find themselves on the front lines of response to gun

violence. Physicians would prefer to prevent gun violence. They want to improve their

own education and familiarity with gun safety. Physicians in their unique position could

possibly identify patients at risk for violence and impulsiveness and also at risk for

partner violence. Physicians need better assessment tools and pathways to provide

education and resources to patients. Physicians believe in the need to join with the

millions of people who will push forward to find common ground and sensible solutions.

The authors of this resource include Chana A. Sacks, M.D., Debra Malina, Ph.D.,

Stephen Morrissey, Ph.D., Edward W. Campion, M.D., Mary Beth Hamel, M.D., M.P.H.,

and Jeffrey M. Drazen, M.D. This article was published in September 1, 2016. I could

find no edition or revision in formation regarding this publication. The New England

Journal of Medicine is the publisher of this information. The title of the journal is In the

Wake of Orlando - Taking Steps Against Gun Violence. The article tends to be biased

looking form only a medical standpoint. This article targets the medical profession

mainly looking at the issue from a medical standpoint. Especially emergency room

doctors should be interested in its discussing of gun control, and easy access to guns.

This article was clear and easy to read and understand.

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It outlined gun violence problems and gave the medical side to better help with

background checks. It also gave a medical opinion on the assault weapons. It also gave a

viewpoint from a special group.