Application of Derivatives 6.3 EXERCISE i /SHORTANSW! Ql. Aspherical in water in such a that the rate of decrease of the volume at any instant is proportional to the surface. Prove that the radius is decreasing ata constant rate. Sol. Ball of salt is spherical » Volume of ball, y atu, where r= raditis of the ball ‘As per the question, Bes, where § =surface area of the ball 4 (én?) Sede = Sno Z s tn? Bak an? (K= Constant of proportionality) edn? Seiten 5 Hence, the radius of the ball is decreasing at constant rate. Q2. If the area of a circle increases at a uniform rate, then prove that perimeter varies inversely as the radius. Sol. We know that: s Area of circle, A= mr, where 7 radius of the circle. and perimeter = 2nr ‘Asper the question, #4 «i where K= constant a a = Sew?) Kk 9 m2 aK cane at” 2a c= 2nr ‘Now Perimeter 200 Q3. Sol. Differentiating both sides wast, f, we get aed ae dr = ‘ GO) = ree Bag uk i lforenlgetRrg ere Ss Fer] i> \ Meipen a Hence, the perimeter of the circle varies inversely as the radius of the circle. Akite is moving horizontally at a height of 151.5 metres. Ifthe speed of the kite is 10 m/s, how fast is the string being let out; when the kite is 250 m away from the boy who is flying the kite? The height of the boy is 15m. kite (1) =151.5 m and AB be the height of the boy. Let AF=xm 6 BG=AR=xm + 4s and “P= 10 m/s ¥L From the figure, we get that GD = DF-GF > DF-aB = (515-15)m=150m [~ —1515m— ‘AB=GF] Now in ABGD, BG?+ GD? = BD? = 22+ (1507 = (250)? => 27+ 22500 = 62500 = x?= 62500-22500 = x7 = 40000 = x=200m Let initially the length of the string be ym = In ABGD BG?+GD?= BD? = 37+ (150P=37 Differentiating both sides w.rt, f, we get dz ay dx = we Br0-4F s 2-10m6] > 220010 ~ 22504 dy _ 2x200x10_ . ap axa 788 (By Pythagoras Theorem) ‘AppLicATION OF DERWAnVES 2011. Two men A and B start with velocities V at the same time from. gone junction of two roads inclined at 45° to each other. If they travel by different roads, find the rate at which they are being separated. A Sol. Let Peat point at which the two roads are inclined at an angle of 45°. ‘Two men A and B are moving along the roads PA and PB respectively with the same i speed ‘V’. o Let A and B be their final positions such that ABry _ZAPB ~ 45° and they move with the same speed. = AAPBis aimee int Draw PQ.LAB ABry + AQz= 3 and PA=PB= (le), 45 ZArO= z0rg= $= 225° [c+ In an isosceles 4, the altitude drawn from the vertex, bisects the base] Now ing AAP, sinz23* -49 r oi sinzade = 2-4 = ys 2x sin 225° Differentiating both sides wrt, f, we get ae a Boo. B sin ma30 say et ie [ssinzaten pe] = (2-2 Vimis Hence, the rate of their separation is /2~ 2 V unit/s. Q5. Find an angle 8,0<@< ©, which increases twice as fast as its sine. a Sol. As per the given condition, ee) = 8 eae = 1=2c0s8 at Te ie a cos = 5 => cosO=cos = O= 3 Hence, the required angle is 3. 202 Sl NCERT Exenecar Prostems Marsewarics-Xll Q6. Find the approximate value of (1.999). Sol. (1.999)? = (20,001) Let x= 2and Ar=—0,001 Let yas Differentiating both sides wart, x, we get Mo 5x4 250) <00 4 Now ys Ax = 80 (-0.001) =-0.080 (1.999)° = y+. ae = 350.080 (2) 0.080~ 32 ~ 0.080 = 31.92 Hence, approximate value of (1.999) is 31.92, Q7. Find the approximate volume of metal in a hollow spherical shell whose internal and external radii are 3 cm and 3.0005 cm and external radius R = 7 +Ar=3.0005 em : ‘Ay = 3.0005 - 3 = 0,0005 cm Let ya? = ysdy= (r+ A= R= G00) (9) Differentiating both sides ws, , we get yy a ay = hx ar = 37 x 0.0005 = 3x (3)? « 0.0005 = 27 x 0.0005 = 0.0135 (2.0005)° = y-+ ay {From eq. ()] = @? +0.0135 =27 + 0.0135 = 27.0135 ‘Volume of the shell = Sate? Srl = depois —27) - Sax 0013s = 40.008 =4%3 1400450018 nem? Hence, the approximate volume of the metal in the shell is 0.0187 cm, 8. A man, 2m tll, watks a the rate of 12 m/s towards a street light which is 53m above the ground, At what rate is the tip of his shadow moving? At what rate is the length of the shadow changing when he is aim from the base of the light? ‘AprucaTion of Derwanves E203204 | m1 NCERT Exewetan Prosuens MavHenaries—XIl Sol. Let ABis the height of street light post and CD is the height of the man such that AB=54= "2 mandCD=2m 2 sda pm 4 © — Let BC=xlength (the distance of the man from the lamp post) and CE=yis the length of the shadow of the man atany instant. From the figure, we see that 30) ee AABE = BDCE [by AAA Similarity) Taking ratio of their corresponding sides, we get AB. BE _, AB BC+CE cD“ ce cD CE x 3688 AY guy = By = 3043y = By-3y'=3x Sy =r Differentiating both sides w.rt f, we get = dy, de ae ae i He, .3(12).2(2) SF ig ae at 8. Vendy © A 8 Joa [+ man is moving in opposite direction] =-1m/s Hence, the length of shadow is decreasing at the rate of 1 m/s. Nowletw=2+y (v= distance of the tip of shadow from the light post) Differentiating both sides wart. f, we get du _ de yy wu re | ee es ~-(B+1)--$--2 je 2 Hence, the tip of the shadow is moving at the rate of 25 m/s towards the light post and the length of shadow decreasing at the rate of 1 m/s. Q9. A swimming pool is to be drained for cleaning, If L represents the number of litres of water in the pool t seconds after the pool ‘has been plugged off to drain and L=200(10—1), How fasts the water running out at the end of 5 seconds? Whet is the average rate at which the water flows out during the first 5 seconds? |. Given that L= 200(10 — 8 where L represents the number of litres of water in the pool. Differentiating both sides w. But the rate at which the water is running out = ~ 2 oon0-1) ot el) Rate at which the witer is running after 5 seconds = 400 x (105) = 2000 Ls (final rate) For initial rate put ¢ = 400(10~0) = 4000 L/s ‘The average rate at which the water is running out Initial rate +Final rate 4 __ Initial rate + Final rate _ 00 2000 000 ooo Ls 2 ie Hence, the required rate = 3000 Lis. ‘The volume of a cube increases at a constant rate. Prove that the increase in its surface area varies inversely as the length of the side. |. Let x be the length of the cube + Volume of the cube V= 23 *) Given that =i Differentiating Eq, (1) wint. 1, we get Wy 32. -K (constant) at a ae dt 3x Now surface area ofthe cube, $= 6x” Differentiating both sides wit. t, we get ds eh K e ny eae a Gere 4 = top Es (AK= constant) nox Hence, the surface area of the cube varies inversely as the length of the side, AppucaTion oF DeRwarves 205QU1. x and y are the sides of two squares such that y =x ~x°. Find the raie of change of the area of second square with respect to the area of first square, Sol. Let area of the first square A, =x? and area of the second square A, = y? Now Aya and A, =? = (c—: Differentiating both A, and A, w.rt. f, we get pr == 0-29 21a 2x— e+ 22-22 3r41 respect to fi i : Q12. Find the condition that the curves 2x=y? and 2ry=k intersect orthogonally. Sol. The two circles intersect orthogonally if the angle between the tangents drawn to the two circles at the point of their intersection is 90°. Equation ofthe two circles are given as dea ye and Dy =k Differentiating eq, (and (i) want x, we get = ay Avs att, nina Bats mat (n= Slope ofthe tangent) = Dy =k 2 rey i]=o A AY AW ad e Bek mat Im, slope ofthe other tangent] Ifthe two tangents are perpendicular to each other, then mm = =1 oF i-4)-a = DE Lolat oie oe, yx x 208 lm NCERT Exevrvan Prostens Mariemarics-XIl Now solving dee and y= y From eq. (i) Meri Putting the value of yin eq. () ky e w- () oar > b= P= BOp=R = g-R Hence, the required condition is = 8, Q13. Prove that the curves xy =4 and x?+ y?= 8 touch each other. Sol. Given circles are y= 4 and Repos Differentiating eq, (i) wart,,x ‘where, m; is the slope of the tangent to the curve. Differentiating eq, (i) want. x ax ey where, m, is the slope of the tangent to the circle. To find the point of contact of the two circles my=m, = —¥ = -% 2. nO cg iy mseaney Putting the value of y? in eq, (i) H+e=8o28=8 = tag xo22 v0 Bee =m yas2 <. The point of contact ofthe two circles are (2,2) and (~2,2). Q14. Find the coordinates of the point on the curve ve +/y=4 at which tangent is equally inclined to the axes. Sol. Equation of curve is given by Vz + Jy =4 Let (xy y;) be the required point on the curve vii tn = 4 Differentiating both sides want. x, we get a a a a tae = ‘AppucaTion oF Derwarves © 207de he ste dit = OR Tn a 1 og 3 tn we Ai) oO a . Since the tangent to the given curve at (xy 9;) is equally icine tones. } 2 Slope of the tangent SU = stan T= #1 So, from eq, () we get_ 5 Aegan py Squaring both sides, we get Bat = wry Putting the value of yj, i the given equation of the curve. » Vat a4 = etva-4 2 2m 4 > Vue? ant Since nem * w Hence, the required point is (4, 4). Q15. Find the angle of intersection of the curves y = 4 ~ x? and ie : eal that the angle of intersection of two curves is equa Set etc angle berecn te anges drs o he caves a i ppoint of intersection. S ‘The given curves are y= 4-27..(i) and y=. Differentiating eq. (i) and (i) with respect to x, we have dy and wae > my=2e E; . mz is the slope of the tangent to the curve (i). So, =2e and m,=2¢ ‘Now solving eq, (#) and (ii) we get = 4-xtex2 = 2-4 = =2 = x= tv? NE and m,=2x= 22 208m NCERT Excwetar Prostens Marietarios—Xll 1-(2V2) (22) * o- tan(422) 2 Av2 Hence, the required angle is tan (22): Q16. Prove that the curves y#= 4x and x2 + 72 6x +1=0 touch each other at the point (1,2). Sol. Given that the equation of the two curves are y= 4 and + P-6r+1=0 : ‘ ay dy _2 Differentiating () wart.x, we get 2y Sh = 4 = ay Slope of the tangent at ™ ads1 Dita wees 2429 lan ix ody dy 6-2x = Dy th = 62x oy 4 Slope of the tangent at the same poi 6-2x1 4) = mpc 2d 8 We see that ny = mig=1 at the point (1, 2). Hence, the given circles touch each other at the same point (1,2). ov. Fad de equation of the normal lines to the curve 3x? - y= 8 Which are parallel to the line x+3y=4. Sol. We have equation of the curve 3x? y?=8 Differentiating both sides wrt x, we get eye aay d ay _ 3x 2 Sy 0 = hee = 88 Slope of the tangent to the given curve = 2% y Slope of the normal to the curve = — 1 = — 2c oeP Bx 3x" y Now differentiating both sides the given line x +3y=4 ArrucaroN oF Derwarves ml 208fay yh = 13Heo a Bed Since the normal to the curve is parallel to the given line xe3yed, -£--1 5 y= es a (Paje* Putting the value of y in 3x? -y?=8, we get Bie 8 2298 = a4 = xn? a y=22 ‘The points on the curve are (2, 2) and (~2, =2). Now equation of the normal to the curve at (2, 2) is 1 y-2=—3(e-2) = By6=-342 = xt3y-8 at-2,-2) ytd==Z (842) = Byt6=-8-2 > x¥3y=-8 Hence, the required equations are x+3y= Band x +3y=-Bor r+3y-28. 18, Atwhat points on the curve + y?—2e—4y+1=0, the tangents are parallel to the y-axis? Sol. Given that the equation of the curve is aye dy+1=0 Differentiating both sides ws x, we have ty pag ry a4 -0 axe 2y- thar = (ya) m2 aye Since the tangent to the curve is parallel to the y-axis. . sige ot tga So, from eq, (i) we get 2-24 1 Beto 2 TARO ya? Now putting the value of yin eq. (), we get = t+(Q-2x-841=0 = e-2v+4-841=0 = P=2r-3=0 4 -3r+x-3=0 = x(¢-3) +1(e-3) = 0 = (@-3)(e+1)=0 = xeclor 3 210 @ NCERT Exenecar Proscens Marnewarics-XIl thie point where the curve intersects the axi axis of y Sol, Given that y=b-<-¥", the equation of curve. x and = +=1, the equation of line, Let the coordinates of the poi it t point where the pci curve intersects the Now differentiating y =b-<-* both sides wint. x, we get So, the slope of the tangent, m, = 2 Differentiating 2 +¥ both sides Le ap a4 So, the slope of the line, mz ==", If the line touches the curve, then m, =, -b —b (Taking log on both sides) : Sore0 Putting x=0 in equation y=b-e~sl* s __ysbediab Hove, the given equation of curve intersect Q20. — that f(x) =2x+ cot x+ log( y+ a? - x) increasing Sol. Given that f(x) = 2x + cot x + lo, é. (JI ta ~ Differentiating both sides w.rt. x, we get 2 plmtliona ai 1 Peon tk a LE a) 1 @s- led (aee* } sri cigufe ‘AP®LICATION OF Denwanives 21%i x- fie? sipgoealdt pi 2 AP | Tet Jia frets) | (fies - x) i 7 i Te fre For increasing function, f')20 = garticseline, fst oo a neat ar fire 20 i = aes see ame fe Seg we gees Ar Iz0 sucrose abet ton over |. Show that for a > 1, f(x) ~ vSsinz—cosx—2ar+b is ; e V3 cosxtsinx-20 <0 a( Eccex+Lsins)=20 <0 ° B cost q ES Beosxebsinsa <0 q ss (cooZcosstsinEsinx)-« <0 mies Since cos x [-1, 1] and a> 1 a Feso Hence, the given function is decreasing in R. 4 212. lm NCERT Exeuevar Prostens Marienarics-XIl Sol. Given that: f(x) = tan-Y(sin x + cos x) in (0 5) 022. Show that f(x) = tan-Ysin x + cos x) is an increasing function in (0,2), 4 Differentiating both sides w. zt £0" Tanz css? a 1x (cos x- sin x) 1+ (in x + cos x)? cosx—sin x = Fe = Mae yO __ ORS ee Aes amt Saba cos x—sin x = SO" Tiraainscss 7S)" For an increasing function f'(x) 0 cos x~sin x [+ erananzom(o2] = cos xsi x, which i true for (0, Hence, the given function fx) is an increasing function in (0 £). cosx-sin x 24 Dein x cos |. At what point, the slope of the curve y=—x! +3x? + 9x—27 is maximum so find the maximum slope. |. Given that: y=—x3 + 3x2 +9" =27 Differentiating both sides wert x, we get # =-ather to ix ‘Let slope of the cuve “7. ie é 7 Bo -322+6r+9 Differentiating both sides wart. x, we get 2 =-6r46 For local maxima and local minima, =o 646-0 4 xe1 6.0 Maxima fae, rs Put x= Lin equation of the curve y =(-1°+3(1)?+9(1)-27 =-143+9-272-16 = + Arricanon of Derwanves 213‘Maximum slope =~ 3(1)2+ 6(1) +9 =12 Hence, (1, ~16) is the point at which the slope of the given curve is maximum and maximum slope = 12. Q24. Prove that f(x) = sinx+3.cosx has maximum value at x 6 sa wohnicpe)= op ios ban etn) « ofoxtsns sin Eons) = 2an(2+2) rrey= aco e+); eo -25n(2+8) PO) a> -2sin(%+3) ~ =2sin ==24—20 @tanima) is or «<0 (Maxima) ‘Maximum value of the function at x= is 5 mii 8 in Ful, a2 sin $+ VB cos E23 +0875 Hence, the given function has maximum value at =F and the maximum value is 2. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS: (025. If the sum of the lengths of the hypotenuse and a si rightangled triangleis given, show that the area ofthe triangle is maximum when the angle between them is 3- Sol. Let AABC be the right angled A) triangle in which 2B = 90° Let AC=2, BC=y a as ABs yy? ZACB = 0 Bl xc Let Z=x+y (given) i Now area of ABC, A= 5% ABx BC 214 @ NCERT Exewecar Prostens Mariemarios-Xll 026. Sol. 1 a AsyPoe a ady fe-¥ Squaring both sides, we get 1 "] 2. = Fy [Cay 7) ] AGP ey -22y-¥"] Lai 1 = Peay lz! ~22y] P= F(Z? = 22y*] [A?=P] Differentiating both sides want. y we get BP 1 pyyz? — 6zy? iy 7 gv 62] ol) For local maxima and local minima, £F _ 1 7 (2yZ? ~ 6Zy?) = 0 y 2yZ = AP Z-3y=0 = yee-sy)=0 = yZe0 (oye 0andZ#0) Z-3y=0 co Zz xty ye (v Zexty) = By= ety 3 By-y=x = yer yl 1 = Yet x cose=3 10 Balak nee 2, x api ; sat eRe Differentiating eq. (i) wart. y, we have ari que -12Zy] iy Paty 2 = Moz inn.2 ay 34 3 =z? Hae! —a2t)-=2 coManinn Hence, the area of the given triangle is maximum when the angle between its hypotenuse and a side is © Find the points of local maxima, local minima and the points ofinflection of the function /(a)~2° Sr! + 5x" 1. Also fing the corresponding local maximum and local minimum values, We have fla) = 28-54 +5331 = F(a) = 5x4 2088 +1522 For local maxima and local minima, f(z) = 0 AppucaTion oF Derwarves 215=> Srt=2029+ 15x? =0 => Sx%(a?@—4x +3)=0 => Sx%{x?@-3x-v #3) =0 = x%(x-3)(r-1)=0 & xeO.xelandx=3 = 2025 — 60x + 30x = 20(0)? - 60(0)? + 30(0) = 0 which is neither of inflection at x=0 20(1)? — 60(1)? + 30(1) = 20 - 60+30=~10<0 Maxima = 20(3)° — 60(8)? +308) ~ 540 540+ 90=90> 0 Minima ‘The maximum value of the function at x= 1 fla) = (P51) + 50-1 =1-5+5-1=0 ‘The minimum value at x=3 is fe) = GF - 58) + 53-1 = 243 - 405 + 135 - 1=378- 406 =-28 ‘Hence, the function has its maxima at x = 1 and the maximum value = 0 and it has minimum value at x = 3 and its minimum. value is — 28. x= (is the point of inflection. Atelephone company in a town has 500 subscribers on i and collects fixed charges of € 300 per subscriber per yeat company proposes to increase the annual subscription and it is believed that for every increase of & 1.00, one subscriber will discontinue the service. Find what increase will bring ‘maximum profit? Sol. Let us consider that the company increases the annual subscription by & x. So, x is the number of subscribers who discontinue the services. ‘. Total revenue, R(x) = (500—x) (300+ x) = 150000 + 500 ~300r~3? ==22+200x +150000 Differentiating both sides wart. x, we get“ R(@) =—2e+200 For local maxima and local minima, R(x) =0 =2x+200=0 = x=100 a Rx) = -2<0 Maxima Qo. 246 = NCERT Exewecar Proatems Mariemarics-Xil| ———— Hence, in order to get maximum profit, the company should increase its annual subscription by ® 100. Q28. If the straight line x cos a + y sin o = p touches the curve i Fob Henryl cor as stan : ety Sol. The given curve is Stier wi) and the straight line x cos a+ y sin oc p i Differentiating eq. () wrt x, we get iw 1 ly dy -2x4h.oy ¥ ~9 eR ae x yy dy Box me Pe ge pb Sita Phe ae 9 Fe ey pe So the slope of the curve = =. * - Pao Now differentiating eq, (i) want. x, we have cosa sina St «9 ay Lice, dx sina oa So, the slope of the straight line = cot If the line is the tangent to the curve, then. -# ox xe Fy ke a Gecota xe Now from a = Frcola-y-cosatysina =p = Peota-cosay +b sin ay = bp cosa = PSE cosay+isinay = Bip > @costay + isin? ay = sin ep 2 > cost o+ bin? = © sino p y 2 a ies Pinan] Hence, a cost as Bsin? a= p? @ potony il) we have x cos a+y sin «=p — Arrtication oF Derivarives 217248 Si NCERT Exenecar Pros.eus MarHewanics-XIl i SB -1e-ewee Here equation of straight line is x cos a+ y sin a= p and that 2 of ellipse is 5 mi aera xcosa+ysina= p = ysina=—x cos a+p SOP ye -reotat sina” sing sing Comparing with y= m+ o, we get = yer m=—cota and c=—>— gna So, according to the condition, we get = Pn + 0? 2 P= a%(-cot a)? +i? ant Pr Poe gy pe teostatBainta sinta sin? Hence, «cos? +8 sin? a ~ p? Hence proved. Q29. Anopenbox with square ase is tobe made of a given quantity Of card board of area 2. Show that the maximum volume of = Sol. Let.xbe the length of the side of the square base of the cubical open box and y be its height. 2 Surface area of the open box beta & Gavedy S y= Ai) ‘| Now volume of the box, Vx xx xy => Ve xy 1 ve (2) — DNs ae = We Fess) Differentiating both sides wn we get Sol. weet a a For local maxima and local minima, 2. = 9 ( - 3x7) + FG -3)205e-a2-0 > a Now again differentiating eq. (i ay, 1 an Se 8) = FE Veny Now perimeter of rectangle P=2(x+y) = 36~2(x > x+y = 18 3 y=18—x Putting the value of y in eq, () we get V=nr4(8-x) Differentiating both sides wa av - Fe” a6r- 327) ii) APPLICATION OF DeRwarWEs S219220 © NCERT Exevevar Prostens MarHemancs-Xil For local maxima and local minima “9 ie nQ6x-314) = 0 = 36r-3x2=0 3x(12—x) = 0 x#0 2 B-xe05x62 18-12=6 4 2 ev Differentiating eq ii) want x, we get > = (36 ~ 6x) _atr=12 #Y «266-6319 = n(36 -72)=—36n- 3a] x~, = [-<*]-0 (K-67)? x#0 2 SDR Ue Oe gee (K- 6x)? ae © Eliarmions ‘Squaring both sides, we get yee Koo? * > W+6-K Sx @+e=K or iiss ia +6 Now putting the value of K in eq, (), we get 6x2 +4nr2= x(n +6) = O24 an= mee 6x? dare? = gar? m= K~ 6x2 x 1 (—- et 2 Brae ORI HK 82) ] mGhale, ~6x? + K-62 vel ko APPLICATION OF DeRWATIVES BL 2213 [-6x7 +K-627 ie, 3 12x*-K ae x oy a ee Pot 2i mee Gites OK +6 K_ , 3 [12K -xK-6« "Oyn+6 Jal [aks oK—6K EHO K, 3 [6K—nk “SVae6 *Ye| [ak x46 =6[% 4.3 (6K aK) ave]>0 +6 WK So itis minima, , the required ratio is 1:1 when the combined volume is minimum. Q82. AB is a diameter of a circle and Cis any a point on the circle. Show that the area of ABC is maximum, when itis isosceles. Sol. Let AB be the diameter and C be any | 3 point on the circle with ra ZACB = 99° [angle in the semi circle is 90°] Let AC- x 2 BCs fas TAS = BCs fant-2 sac- fe i) 1 Now area of AABC, A= 5x ACXBC = As pe far? =e ‘Squaring both sides, we get ae bear 2) LetA?=Z 1 2 wd (ay?s? 3h Zo Gert) = 20 a(x ) 222 BL NCERT Exewetar Prosteus MarHewarics-XIl Differentiating both sides w.rt. x, we got 4°] li) For local maxima and local minima 2 =o ie - Flt? 4:5} = 0 = x2P-x7]-0 20 xe2? xe fp -AC i) have BC far? 37 => BC= a? = BC= V3r So. AC= BC Hence, AABC is an isosceles triangle, 2 Differentiating eg (i) wrt. x, we get 2 = 1ig,2_ 942 Putx= 3, ae #Z _ Aga ae = X16") =-472<0 maxima ‘Hence, the area of AABC is maximum when itis an isosceles triangle, (Q85. A metal box with a square base and vertical sis is to contain 1024 cm?, The material for the top and botttom costs € Som? and the material for the sides costs & 2.50/cm®, Find the least cost of the box. Sol. Let x be the side of the square base and y be the length of the vertical sides, | | = 12x24] = 28? 26") ‘Area of the base and bottom = 23? cm? ++ Cost of the material required =@5 x 2x2 =F 10 Area of the 4 sides = 4xy em? + Cost of the material for the four sides = 8250 x dy = LOy Total cost. C= 10x24 10xy ) New volume of the box=xxxxy > 1024 = x?y 1024 ve. voli) | Arrucarion oF Derwarves mm 223 =Putting the value of y in eq, (?) we get C= 1027 100 Gt = C= 10x? me Volume of the parallelopiped = sxdexda2 Pea : As per the conditions of the question, Disrcit bth A SaRH Surface area ofthe parallelopiped SE ony lit + Surface area of the sphere = dx TT + 3 Gt+an ak eae For local maxima and local minima 2C = 9 See Say “Ko 1240 a ee 20-2 =o x an “0 = mx?-1000=0 3 9-512 3 x=8en jowlet V7 Vehine of paialistopiped a folume ofthe sphere Now from eq, (i) Be a 10240 _ 10240 = VST y= 1020 102M = gem gees. oe 23 4 [K-62]? 2 Cost of material used C= 10x2+ 10ry = ve 3 fel = ] [from eq. (i)] = 10x88 +108 16 = 640 + 1280 =1920 rer ; we get 22344 V f e Vege 4 38* gona iK- op" > vate stax 1 koe! oh Be 20380 ‘ p50 of = 20+ = 29 + 20880 - 99+ 40=60>0 my tae sae lye @ 722" minima : ; z ee 6x? Pi Differentiating both sides went. x, we have Hence, the required cost is 1920 which is the minimum. (Q34. The sum of the surface areas of a rectangular parallelopiped ‘with sides x, 2x and a and a sphere is given to be constant. rove that the sum of their volumes is minimum, if xis equal to three times the radius of the sphere. Also find theminimum, value of the sum of their volumes, w2 1s ry eke we eRe rt = te (-128) (K-64) = 2x? SEK ex2yl? Sol. Let'r’ be the radius of the sphere. vn ‘=. Surface area of the sphere = 4n12 For local maxima and local minima, we have 2V 9 ca Volume ofthe sphere = $1? at Bey" <0 ; i x In ‘he sides ofthe parallelopiped are , 2x and = = DVR? ~3x(K -62)! = 0 lis surface area = 2[ vx2x+20%3 xx] = #[2VRx -3(K -612)") 29 ee Here x #0 and 2Vax~3(K -6; = afar 22 42] apreat > AVR =3({K -6x2)!2 = 2[8x2] = 6x? Squaring both sides, we get dre? = 9(K- 6x2) = 4x? = 9K — 54x? 224 @ NCERT Exeur.ar Proatens Marwenanis-Xil ae, = Aprucation oF Derwarves ml 225= dm + 54x? = 9K AK + 54K — 108K rx? + 54x? Sap Oe ah 8. 4n+54 = xe We+54” Je [ans SOR SR => 222K +27) = 9K an +54 Kn - 54K =» LES Faas 4n+ 54° Je| Take an 5a [R38 [_4ke—sax eS fae aoa +54 Je | Jake: fanaa ax dae? 45x? 54x? amt FaifeKua ct mn = no oxae 9xan ST Yar 34 Ve Jae: Jae # x irs a2 xear al e Grogs ms of Rk [Ba an! oy wv Bx oy gg2yil2 4a +54" Ja | Vier fans a Nowwehave Manet 3 K-64) Ff) Differentiating both sides wart. x, we get [v 27-2n>0) ad ayn a £) Sess encima, Sead K-68) Key Ee ae x at Val de Hence, the sum of volume is minimum for x=3 ae ware [ee 4+ (K-62)! ‘| +. Minimum volume, he |* 2JK- 2 vai(s=3 [= ) bbe 20 ode (3) 3 [6 s-s] seth) oa ae 3 tag ~4r- 3 Tyr - vi (K-67) ate tp tindegs, 33" y ae 2 2n eed) 5 ‘ca, / nie Hence, the required minimum volume is 5e(+2) and Fat 7 8a ga a x=3r. 3) U2, Ko) eet 4 OBJECTIVETYPE QUESTIONS a eyrh Sled KZ 079 once the correct answer from the given four options in each of the @ aev5t Je) Tg Ky following questions 35 to 59: +P Q85. The sides of an equilateral triangle are increasing at the rate of 2 cm/sec. The rate at which the area inereases, when side i Wamis: 226 NCERT Exewetar Prostens Martewancs—Xl| ————— APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES EL 297(@) 10cm%/s (6) 10y3 cm/s Sol. Let the length of each side of the given equilateral triangle be xom. : ff 2 emjsec at 6B ‘Area of equilateral triangle A =~Dx7 aa W8"5, de 8 see Ne e 2 pehiy etre ET ee 10V3 em? /see Hence, the rate of increasing of area= 10/3 cm/sec. Hence, the correct option is (c) ‘Aladder, Song, standing on ahorizontal floor, leans against vertical wall. I the top of the ladder slides downwards at the rate of 10 cm/sec, then the rate at which the angle between the floor and the ladder is decreasing when lower end of ladder is 2.metzes from the wall is: -radian/sec 936. o Frlanisee (©) 20 radian/sec me (@) 10 radian/sec { Sol. Length of ladder =5m_ oy 3 Let AB=y mand BC=m_ 2. Inright ABC, en E ‘AB?+ BC? = AC? c = stayP= GP > Pt yP=25 Differentiating both sides w.ntx, we have dx ay yy W no sata ax, dy = sete 0 tx Be yx (-01) = > 2Eryx(-0.) «0 2 a eae x(-0.) =0 2 Bs [=A x(-02) =0 dx V2 a ide Vy Be = ca 4 4 a 20 228 S| NCERT Exewevar Prostens Mariewancs-Xll Now = BS. i i cos 0= SE (Gis in radian) > coso= = Differentiating both sides wert. 1, we get Lac, VB SO 100“ AB 100 * Yar ~~ 29 *dianvsec [O sign Leet the decrease of change of angle] ‘Hence, the required rate = Jp Tadian/sec Hence, the correct option i: Q37. The curve y=x"* has at (0, Differentiating w.nt. x, we get e = (atx=0) + The tangent is parallel to y-axis. Hence, the correct option is (a). (Q38. The equation of normal to the curve 3:2 — 4 = 8 which is parallel to the line x + 3y=B is (0) 3x-y=8 (®) Sx+y+8=0 (0) x+3y28=0 (@) x+3y=0 Sol. Given equation of the curve is 3x2— y2= 8 Differentiating both sides w.rt. x, we get 6x~2y- 4 no of-% oli) = Arpucarion of Derwarves ml 2293% is the slope of the tangent y rey, s Slope ofthe normal = Fe ar Now x+3y=8is parallel to the normal Differentiating both sides w.rt x, we have any ya =P 14370-0 = fey Sys = a3 9 yee Putting y~2in eq (9 we get Srt-x2=8 => 2xt=B = xtad ta, xyat2andy=+2 So the points are (2, 2) and (-2,~2)- Equation of normal to the given curve at (2,2) is y2- to-2) - By-6= 22 = x43y-B=0 Equation of normal at (2, -2) is yt2= =her42) = By +6=-x-2 9 x43y+8=0 *. The equations of the normals to the curve are y+0y18~0 Hence, the correct option is (c). 39. If the curve ay +x2=7 and x9 y, cut orthogonally at (1, 1), then the value of ‘a’ is: @1 @ 0 @-6 | 6 “Sol. Equation of the given curves are ay +x?=7 and sy _ Differentiating eq, (f) went. x, we have dy ap QO 12 errno 9 2-2 eae (m=) Se (bn) arr) --1-2y ie dy 2 dy (ray) ae te) ae, Equation of tangent is y~0= —>(r~2) SS Synxt2 = x+5y=2 Hence, the correct option is (a). ‘APPLICATION OF DERWATVES M231(42, The points at which the tangents to the curve y=.x3— 12x +18 34), 2,0) |. Given that y =x3- 12x + 18 Differentiating both sides w.rt x, we have = Boe Since the tangents are parallel to x-axis, then {2 =9 Bx2-12=0 =» x=42 18=8-24+18=2 2) +18 =-8 + 24+ 18 = 34 at the point (0,1) meets x-axis at: 1) @(-$0) OAD @ 02 Sol. Equation of the curve is y =e 32-022 Slope of the tangent SL = 22 = Baya aioe a cote y-1= 2(x-0) yoie2e = y-2e0l Since the tangent mess s-exis where y =O; O-2rs1 = r= z So the point is (4: 0) Hence, the correct option is (b). Q44, The slope of tangent to the curve x= +3t—Band ye 28 2-5 at the point (2,—1) i, o2 wf OF @-s Sol. The Ziven curveis=#2+3t-8and y=2" 21-5 ideal a Ban+3 nd Wag 2 dy iy ap © ab dx ax 243 at 232 ll NCERT Exewetar Prostems MatHemarics—XIl Now ©, —1) les on the curve a 2=P+3t-8 = P+3t-10=0 => P+5t-21-10=0 = = fe te2te-5 and -1720-2t-5 ~ 2P-2t-4=0 at P-t-2-0 = P-2F+t-2-0 ~ Ht-2)+1 (0-2) =0 = (+1) (¢-2)=0 = f=-1 andt=2 So t=2is common value Stope ty = 4%2=2._6 zag 22437 Hence, the correct option is (b). Q45. The two curves x3 ~ 3xy?+2=0 and 3x%y - 3-2 =0 intersect at an angle of OF OF oF of Sol. The given curves are x9 - 3xy2+2=0 and ax2y-y-2=0 Differentiating eq, (i) wnt. x, we get aa ay = x ae -1)=0 = Po ay -yi-0 ay 2 <9ay vay vay =2y Xe n-d Qy ay So the angle between the curvesis ©. Hence, the correct option is (c), Q46. The interval on which the function f(x) = 2x3 + 9x2+ 12x ~ Lis decreasing is: So the slope of the curve m, = Now Im, Xm = ® 2-1 @ C1) Sol. The given function is f(x) = 2x2 + 9x2 + 12e—1 F'G) = 6x2 + 18x +12 For increasing and decreasing f(x) =0 62+ 18+12=0 w243x+2=0 = ate 2vex42-0 X(e+2)+1(0+2)=0 = (x4+2)(e41)=0 xe-2x2-1 ‘The possible intervals are (-~, -2), (-2,-1), (<1, =) Now FG) = (42) (@+1) = FO) = C=) increasing = FC) ea) = OO) = ©) decreasing = F'()c4,—) 7 () (2) = (4) increasing Hence, the correct option. Q47. Let the f: R > R be defined by f(x) =2x + cos x, then f (@) has a minimum atx=n (b) has a maximum at x=0 (©) isa decreasing function (d) -is an increasing function uur Sol. Given that f(@)=2x+cosx FQ) =2-sinx Since 7'@)>0Vx So f(x) is an increasing function. Hence, the correct option is (di, 48. y~ x(x 3) decreases for the values ofx given by: 5 @ 1 0) Hence, f(x) >0, when cos x>0i.e, aE 2) So, fz) is increasing where re(3, 4) and f(a) <0 when cos x HE-8) 4-8) = 0 > 8) (@-8)=0 So, x=4, Bare the points of local maxima and local minima. Now we will calculate the absolute maxima or absolute minima atx=0,4, 8,9 236 Sl NCERT Exewecar Prosteus Matiewarics-Xll Fe )aa= (AP — 18(4) + 96(4) = 64-288 + 384~ 448 — 285 ~ 160 Fe \ns- (8? - 188) + 96(8) = 512-1152 + 768 = 1280-1152 = 128 Ale)x-3= (OF ~ 189)? + 96(9) =729 ~ 1458 + 864 = 1593— 1458 = 135 So, the absolute minimum value of fis 0 atx = 0 a 6x?~6x-12=0 = ox-2=0 = 2-2r+2-200 = x(8=2)41E-2)= 0 S (+1) (x-2)=0 the points of local maxima and local minima 6>-12-6=-18<0, maxima Hence, the correct option is (c) (Q55. ‘The maximum value of sin x cos xis ot oF O82 @ Az Sol. We have wie ‘sin x cos x > Flo) $-2in x cosx = fin 2x £0) = F-20082 FG) = cos 2x Now for loca manana and local minima fs 0 cos 2x = 0 a = Qs E, nel x > = ney x= Qn+1) APPLICATION OF Derwanves Hl 237folle niin 447 f'"x) =-2 sin 2x fi") yg = -2sin2-2 42 sin = =-2.<0 maxima at 4 2. “0, oe = ~28in2.5E = -95in SE =250 minima a 4 $0 (es maximum at #=¥ 1 wie m1 ss Maximum value offs) = sin 608 7 =. Hence, the correct option is (). 56. At x=, f(9)=2sindx-+3 c0s3x is: = 2 cos3r-3~3 sin 3x36 cos3x—9sin 3x $"@) = ~Gsin3x-3—9 cos 3r-3 == 18sin 3x—27 cos 3x of 58 in3(2) (2) of 8) a 38) -97, r(2) 18sin3 cos 3 (7 an Sr =-18 sin) -27 cos(%2) pot cien x =-1Bsin (2x +2) 27 cos [an-+2) =-18 sin 5-27 cos © =-18-1-27.0 ~18<0 maxima Maximum value off) at == 1(22)-2009(2)s3009(*) poet chateeeiectarmcagt Hence, the correct option is (a). (e) 12 16 (d) 32 Sol. Given that y=—243x2+9x—27 238 Bl NCERT Exenecar Prostens Maruenarics-XIl Bn 324619 1. Slope of the given curve, m=-32+6¢49 (=m) im 6x46 a For local maxima and local minima, feo ae =0 = rel Now am 629 maxima ax? “Maximum value of the slope at x= 1 is + tty, = -3(1)? + 6(1) +9=-3 4649-12 ‘Hence, the correct option 058. f(x)=x* has a stationary 1 @xne @ x=% @ x=ve Sol. We have f)= ‘Taking log of both sides, we have log f(x) = xlogx Differentiating both sides want. x, we get F#0 2 L+logx=0 logr=-1 = xaet S yo} Bavotsha ribet oprah ‘ Q59. ‘The maximum value of i) is: x @e we, oa @ Be Sol. Let fle) = Gy ‘Taking log on both sides, we get log Voni= tog 2 Tog if(I= slog =e tog f)1—— frog. APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES Hl 239Differentiating both sides wart. x, we get jal - [rds 1] f(x) (1+ 10g 2] a roo=-(2) tte For local maxima and local minima f“(x) =0 (J usioga =o (2 a siogsi-0 (J So,x=1 is the stationary point. e L+logx= 05 logr=-15 x=e1 Now f')= 2) [1+ log 2] roe (8) ote hor rron-foror(iem!) £2) 1 :. Maximum value of the function at x = = is 0) (ef mn sees Fill in the blanks in each of the following exercises 60 to 64. (Q60. The curves y = 4x2 + 2x8 and y=2x° - x13 touch each other at the point _____. Sol. We have yo 42+2r-8 and yesaxt13, Differentiating eq. (i) wert x, we have Se ctced [mis the slope of curve ()] 240 ml NCERT Exewrtar Prostens Matiemavics-Xill WY 3x1) my=3x2=1 a [my is the slope of curve (ii)] If the two curves touch each other, then 1m = m1, * 8r+2= 32-1 > 3x2—8r-3=0 = 3x?-9x4x-3=0 = 3x(-3)+1(r-3)=0 > (3) Gx+1)=0 =1 33 2(8)-8=36+ 6-8 =34 Putting x=3 in eq, y So, the required point Now forx= —4 IPs ft 1_2 = (=) 42(22)-s =4x4-2-8 4 4) (2) Sak hging 4.2 4-6-7 ~74 a3 a9 2s Other required point is (-2), Hence, the required points are (3,34) and (44) Q61. The equation of normal to the curve y = tan x at (0, 0) is Sol. We have y= tan x. $0, 2 = sect 4+ Slope of the normal = ——2 2 atthe point (0,0) the slope =~ cos® (0) “1 So the equation of normal at (0,0) is y=0=—1(x~0) = yeas = y+r-0 Hence, the required equation is y +x =0. (62. The values of a for which the function f(a) = sin x — ax +b inereases on R are Sol. Wehave f(z) = sinx—ax+b = f'(x)=cosx-@ For increasing the function f(x) > 0 s cos x—a>0 Since cosxe [-1,1] APPucATION oF Denwarves Hl 241ac = ae Ce,-1) Hane he whe ofeis =~ 1). (Q63. ‘The function fa) - a + £0, decreases in the interval Pe acer ae Sol. We have f(x) = x*(4x) — (2x? -1)-4x? fe 4x5 — (Qa? -1)-42) 2 48 [? = 2x7 + for oepa- NT CHU ge ne sro aoe For decreasing the function f’(x) <0 | sis) EEA oy napat Pde mph wR] ae eA x>a1 = xe (1) Hence, the: interval is (1, =). required Q64, The least value of the function’ f(x) = ast (where a > 0, $30,220 f Sol. Here, fe) = eet arenes For maximum and minimum value f(x) = 0 ppeieiass ab foe a OB ee Now pt = 3 re) ore re Hence, minima, *” So the least value of the function at x=. i Atelier = ab =i = ‘Hence, least value is 2Vab. 242 NCERT Exenpvar Proatews Mariewarics-XIl