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    © All Rights Reserved
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    37 views32 pages

    Chapter 13 - SQP Set I

    Uploaded by

    lina 84
    GRADE 12

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Probability 43.3 EXERCISE © SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS: J QL. Fora loaded die, the probabilities of outcomes are given as under: P(1) =PQ)=0.2, PG) =P) = P(6) =0.1 and P(d) =0.3 ‘The die is thrown, two times. Let A and B be the events, ‘same numbereach time’ and‘a total scoreis10ormore’; respectively. Determine whether or not A and B are independent. ‘Aloaded die is thrown such that PQ) = P@) = 0.2, P@) = P(5) = P(6) = 0.1 and P(#) = 0.3 and die is thrown two times. Also given that: ‘A= Same number each time and B= Total score is 10 or more. So, P(A) = [PL 1) +P(2, 2)+P@, 3) +P, 4) +P, 5) +PG,6)] = P() PC) +PQ).PQ) + PQ)PG)=P4).P(4) +P(5).PE) + P(O.P(6) =0.2%02+02«02+01*0.1+03*0.3+01 x01 +04. x 01 = 0.04 +-0.04 +0.01 40.09 +0.01 + 0.01 =0.20 Now B= {(4,6).(6,4),(5,5),(5, Sol. 6) PG) + Pl O.1+0.1%0. +0.1x01 = 0.03 + 0.03 + 0.01 + 0.01 + 0.01 + 0.01 0.10 = 03 *01 +01 «03+01*01+0. PAB) = PG, 5) +P, 6)=P(S).PE) + P(6).P(6) = 0.101401 *0.1=0.02 From eq, (?) we get 0.02 = 0.20 x 0.10 (0.02 = 0.02 Hence, A and B are independent events. Q2. Refer to Exercise 1 above. If the die were fair, determine whether or not, the events A and B are independent. 426 Sol. According to the solution of Q. 1, we have 6), (6, 4), (5,5), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)) n(B) = 6 and n(S)=36 6o1 2 SPANB)= 32=75 ‘Therefore, if A and B are independent, then P(ANB) = P(A). PB) = serxt ates Hence, A and B are not independent events. The probability that atleast one of the two events A and B occurs is 0.6. FA and B occurs simultaneously with probability 0.3, evaluate P(A) + P(B). Sol. We know that: AUB denotes that atleast one of the events occurs and AB denotes that the two events occur simultaneously. So, P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B)~P(AMB) = 06 = P(A) +P = 0.9 = P(A) +P > 0.9 = 1-P(A)+1-P(B) = P(A) + P(B) =2-0.9=1.1 Hence, the required answer i 1.1. ‘A bag contains 5 red marbles and 3 black marbles. Three ‘marbles are drawn one by one without replacement, What is the probability that atleast one of the three marbles drawn be black, ifthe first marble is red? Sol. Let red marbles be represented with R and black marble with B, The following three conditions are possible, if atleast one of the three marbles drawn be black and the first marble is red. By : Il ball is black and Il is red EI ball is black and If is also black E, : Il ball is red and II is black 3. Qa. Prosasuiry 8 427 P(E,) = P(R,).P(B,/R,)-P(Ro/Ry -33 $-o5 Similarly in case of tossing a coin 3 times, ae ai 532% 5 1-9 and Xhas the values 0,1,2,3 with p=, q~= 2. POE) = Rs) ROBB) 2 Bsa) 55-2 are Hence, itis said to have a binomial distribution. 543 60 5 aus Lae and P(E,) = P(R,) P(Re/R:)-B(B,/RiRs) =3.5 3 = aS Q7. AandB a two events such that P(A) = >, P(B) = 3 and PAN B)= 1. Find: @ P(A) POB/A) (iif) P(A7B) (iv) P(A’) Sol. We have P(A)= ZPO)=tand Anda! seit Beye 12 | PA)= 1-5 =>, PC) a a P(A’ B)=1—-P(A UB) =1- [P(A) + PB)- P(A B)] 5 5 PEE) = PCE) + PE) +E) = ae ta te 25 Hence the required probability is =? Q5. Two dice are thrown together and the total score is noted. The F and Gare‘a total of. total divisible by 5, respectively. and decide which pairs of events, if any, o1fdet-tea [se48 me a8 | Sol. Two dice are thrown together 2\F aba ied an DD sm(S) = 36 e 1/4_3 | (0 RIS ree lot aya ia: = 1G, 9), 6,3), 6,4), 45), 6.5) (4,6), 6,4), 6,6), i " puaLt 6,5),6,6) COPIA Ss maN ET 23 ai (A’AB) _PB)-PANB (4, 6), (6,4), 6,5) (i) PAB) = neh na =i) an Here, we see that (E 9 F) and (ENG)= and AG) = (4, 6), 6,4),(5,5)) 41 PAQB) Mg 3 oh “ n(FAG) = 3and (EQ FAG)=6 PB) 3 44 ft 7py= PAO) 5/125 35 TOA Bayo 91g a 18° nS) q. A PENG) = sea and PE).PG)= = respectively. Given that PCAN C)= § and PBN C)= 4, nd Since, PFA G) # P(R). PG) the values of Pg) and Ra’). : Hence, there is no pair of independent events, Sol, Wehave P(A) = =, P(B)= 2 and PC) = ; Q6. Explain why the experiment of tossing a coin three times is 1 ail iehivebnomint amibutse 2 PANO =F and PBOC)= 2 Sol. We know that random variable X takes values 0,1, 2,3,.., nis Ped) y4_3 said to be bit distribution having parameters n and pif . PCB) = eld 3, ‘given by P@) 13 4 "C,prq"', where q=1—p and r=0,1,2,3, P(A’ C) = 1-P(AUG) = 1-[P(A)+P(C)-P(ANQ) 428 NCERT Exeuetag Proatens Matiemarics-Xil _...--.- _—— Phosssuiry m 429 Hee Lacs Q9. Let, and Eybe twoindependenteventssuch that P(E,) =p,and P(E,) =p,. Describe in words of the events whose probabilities are: PP Gi) pp 1-(-p)—P2) (ie) P+ P2~ 2p Po Sol. Here, P(E, = py and P(E, =p @ PaPa™ P(E) - PCE.) So, B, and E, occur, «i (1 = psp POE Y-P(E,) = PCY OE) So, E, does not occur but F, occurs. (iid) 1- (-p,) -p))=1-PE)PEY = 1- PE OES) =1-[1-P(E, VE] =P(E, UE) So, either E, or E, or both E, and E, occur. () P+ Po 2pyP2= PE) + en -2P(E,). PE) = PE,) +PE,) -2PE, NE) = P(E, UE) -2(E, NE) So, either E, or E occurs but not both. Q10. A discrete random variable X has the probability distribution «given as below: () Find the value of k. X05} 1 1151 2 | Gi) Determine the mean.of PoO| k | P| ae | k the distribution. Sol. Fora probability distribution, we know that if P;>0 @ Spar kee ewe sk & => 34 2-1-0 = BE + 3k—k-1=0 > Bek +1) + U(k+ 1)=0= Gk=1)(e+1)=0 * ke Bandk=-1 Butk20 k= 3 (i) Mean of the distribution E0)= OX = 05k 12415028) +2 430 i NCERT Exewelar Prosteus Matiewarics—XIl, ~ Feet agit 42k = at 4 Se 2 2 Prt prove a ® 37618 i) P(A)= P(ANB)+P(ANB) i) P(AUB)= P(AMB)+P(ANB)+ PAB) Sol. () To prove: P(A)= P(A B)+ P(A. B) RHS. = P(AMB)+P(AB) = P(A).P(B) + P(A).P@) = P(A) (PCB) +P) = P(A). = P(A)= LHS. Hence proved. (i) To prove: (AUB) = P(ANB)+P(ANB)+PANB) RUS. = P(A).P(B)+P(A).P@)+ Pa) P@) + [1 P(A}.PB) = P(A)P(B)+P(A)-FC SEORoE P(A)PB) = P(A)+PB)-P(ANB) = P(AUB)=LHS. Hence proved. QI2. IE X is the number of tails in three tosses of a coin, determine the standard deviation of X. Given that: X= 0, 1,2,3 PKA" pr ght where n=3,p= 2, 9% and r=0,1,2,3 Sol & yi Bi fb Layidegiint PK =0) aa fi Poon sxixdxd ad P22) = 3xdxtxdad, pocns=$xbx5-$ OGD. Xp Mata rene Matas Probability distribution table Ke It co. ay «fea [es a arpa] 4 FOU Buf. | BAL e 353.5013, 61,312.38 EO) = OF 1x E+ 2x F+3xE Ete tee a Depa ped engi ered B9@) + OF tx2baxdeoxt = 34242 2ag 2 We know that Vari) = £0) -(E00)"=3-(2) =3-2= + Standard deviation = (ars) = [3 =. 3 a Q13. Ina dice game, a player paysa stake of Re 1 for each throw of adie, She receives 5 if the die shows a 3, € 2, ifthe die shows 1 0r6, and nothing otherwise. What is the player's expected profit per throw over a long series of throws? Sol. Let X be the random variable of profit per throw. x -1 1 # POO oanappatt [eit 4 3 6 Since, she loses ® 1 for getting any of 2, 4,5. Veiga So, PKe-D e+e tee eas aaa PI) E+E= E35 (die showing 1076) P(X=4) t (2 die shows only a3) Player's expected profit = Sp, dicen, Arphle dl hal DD Pa wnuxdaredeaxd s-t4242 2 eos QU4. Three dice are thrown at the same time. Find the probability of getting three two's, ifit is known that the sum of the numbers on the dice was six. Sol. The dice is thrown three times :. Sample space n(S) = (6)? = 216 Let E, be the event when the sum of numbers on the dice was six and E, be the event when =E,= (11,4), (2, = n(E,) = 10 and n(E,) =1 PO OE,) 216 1 2 PIE) =~ pe)“ ioat6 "10" Q15. Suppose 10,000 tickets are sold in a lottery each for Re. 1. First prize is of 3,000 and the second prize is of & 2,000. There are {three third prizes of € 500 each. If you buy-one ticket, what is your expectation? 432 © NCERT Exevevar Prostens MarHewancs-XIl Sol. Let X be the random variable where X =0, 500, 2000 and 3000 x oO 500 2000 3000 9995, XK 1 z eed 10000 10000 10000 10000 9995, 3 1 1 ‘ +! 2 FO) 0% Fc00 * 5° F995 * 20 pon +3000 soa = 0+ 1800. 2000 , 3000 | 6500 13 9966 10000 “10000 "10000 ~ T0000 ~ 20 Hence, expectation is 0.65. » A beg contains 4 white and 5 black balls. Another bag, contains 9 white and 7 black balls. A ball is transferred from. the first bag to the second and then a ball is drawn at random from the second bag. Find w, 5 the probability that the ball * ws drawn is white. white 9 white Sol. Let W, and W, be two bags | sina 7 black containing (4 W, 5 B) and OW, 7B) balls respectivel tia TT Let &, be the event tha 1 transferred ball from the bag Wi to Weis white and E, the event tha the transferred balls lack. And E be the event that the ball drawn from the second bag is white. 10 9 2 POE) =F P(E) = 2 5 4 PE)= 5 and PE)=5 P(E) = P(E,)-P(E/E,) + PE,).P(E/ED) = SxS, 2 40, 4 85 5 9°17 "9" 17 “153” 353 * 153 ~ 9 ~ Hence, the required probabil 2. . Bat I contains 3 black and 2 white balls, bag II contains 2 black and 4 white balls, A bag and a ball is selected at random. Determine the probability of selecting a black ball. l Giventhat "bag! = (3B,2 and bag il = (2B, 4 W) Let E, = The event that bag I is selected Prosrauiry 433 E, = The event that bag Il is selected and_E = The event that a black ball is selected P(E) = 5, PCE)= 3, PCB/E:)=2 and P(R/E,)= * Plemt) = "C, pig 5¢,(1) (2) _ st (1) (1 =#¢,(2 G 225i fay (ar (3) 3) Bit G) G Hence, the required probability is 2 Q21. Ten coins are tossed. What a 3 + Hence, the required probability is 7. Sol. Here, n=10, p= 3 ae 3 -t . Abox has 5 blue and 4 red balls. One ball is drawn at random P28) = Pe=8) +P(e=9) +Ple= 10) and not replaced. Its colour is also not noted. Then anothe: 8 74 10-8 8 10-9 ball is drawn at random. What is the probability of second =", (3) 3 4M, 2) iE + y9(2 ray? ball being blue? 2) A2. BI AZ. a) (2. ! Sol. Given that the box has 5 blue and 4 red balls. mifine - = Let E, be the event that first ball drawn is blue 3) Gy } @-@) Eqbe the event that first bal H2F12) 2, 2) a)*le 1 and Eis the event that second ball drawn is blue. 1 ye rye ry yo (E/E,) + P(E,)-P(E/E) rs, () +10(2) +3) = 3) (45410 +1) 5, 4,4,5 20,20 40 5 : aay 9°89 8 2 R729 Bs mike To2a ~ 128 Hence, the required probability is 2. Hence, the required probability is. . Four cards are successively drawn without replacement from . e 1B a deck of 52 playing cards. What is the probability that all the (Q22. The probability of a man hitting a target is 0.25. He shoots four cards are Kings? Tatty Ey Band bother Sol. Here =7, pa025~ 2 at and qni-tn2 RE AE SE POK22) = 1-(POX=0)+ POX =1)) cs . Or ast 736 = P@,)-P(E,/E,)-P| >| .p[ a _ =f DG) aye esse ee fale ole Rip S ged SAU ord ca, -(2y 7/3) 3)°/37) nH , HAG ]--@) G7): Hence, the juired probability is ———_ if € noo at el anne aaY SOTS 0 -1-(3) (2)-1- 22 _ 1 20 Q20. A die is thrown 5 times. Find the probability that an 4a a 4096 “4 16384 number will come up exactly three times, = 16384-7290 _ 9094 _ 4547 1 riT at 14 16384 «16384 8192 Sol Here, p= tetstol ego tll nd’ nes 6°6*62 2 i Hence, the required probability is Fe q 434 MNCERT Exenrtar Prostems Marnemarics~Xil — a Promnoerry. mm 436 Q23. A lot of 100 watches is known to have 10 defective watches: If 8 watches are selected (one by one with replacement) at random, what is the probability that there will be atleast one defective watch? oe Sol. Probability of defective watch out of 100 watches= 775 =75 1 19 Here, n=8,p= 75 andq=1-35= andr21 afar? PRE1) = 1-Pee=0)=1-*C(4) co) =1 Hence, the required probability is 1—| 3) i Q24. Consider the probability distribution of a random variable % x[o[i[2]3]4 Pod] 04 [ors] 03 | 02 [oas Calcul av(X) (ii) Variance of X. Sol. Here, we have x To [a [2 | 3 [4 | weknow that: Varts) PX)| 01 [025] 03 | 02 [0.15 | = EO?) - [ECP where E(X) =), %P; and EOC) = Zpat a fn 2 EX) = 0x01 41*0254+2%*03+3%02+4% 015 = 0025 +06 +06 + 06=2.05 FOC) = 0x01 +1 0.25 +4%03+9%0.24 16% 0.15 = 0025-4124 18+240=5.65 x) 1 1 ati %) 2 Ayoxy = 115.65 - (2.0592) = 415.65 — 4.2005 9 (3) = 4v00 = f1565- 057 = Zt J = Fx 1.4475 =0361875 x)_1 v(X)o1y [-¥(@)-2e9 @ Var(X) = 14475 i Q25. The probability distribution of a random variable X is given below: 436 © NCERT Exewear Problems Mamenarics-Xil ———— (@ Determine the value of k. ii) Determine P(X <2) and P(X > 2) i) Find P(X<2) +P(X> 2). POX) Sol. () We know that P(0) +P(1) +P) +P(3) =1 ETE GE = opp p oa Bk+ak+2k+K 2 SS al 2 15k=8 * 2 kee (i) PX 52) = PR=0) + POK=1) + PEK=2) weet Bo 7h.7), 8 Ue 2a a aS 1 and PX>2)=PK=3)= 5 = EXE 14.1 _14+1_15 < atbg A Ath SD EXE 2) +> 2 1515, 1515 a Q26. For the following probability distribution, determine standard. deviation of the random variable X. Poy [02 03 E(X) =2*02+3%054+4x03=04+15+12-31 EQ@) =4x0.2+9%05416x03=08+45+48=10.1 So V(X) = 10.1-@.1)?=101-961=049 SD. = JVar() = 049 =07 1 Q27. A biased die is such that P(4) = 75 and other scores being equally likely. The die is tossed twice. If X is the ‘number of fours seen’, find the variance of the random variable X. Sol. Here, random variable X =0, 1,2 Pay Z, P@a1- b> P(X =0) = P@ 7-00" P(X=1) = P(@).P(4)+P(4)-PCA) Paws Prosasiity {| 437 POX =2) = P(a).P(a) = x o 81 Pel ‘We know that V(X) = EQ@) ~[EQ)F 81 18-220. FO9 = 0% 09 *?* 00 * 300“ 1005 zou EQ@) = Ox Fried ang 00750 Say alsa atte (ytd 22a Was & 5025 50 Hence, the required variance = 0.18, 028. A thrown three times. Let X be the ‘number of twos id the expectation of X. Sol. Here, we have X= 0, 1, 2,3 T 5 and p= 3/4" 2 sd + P(X=0) = P(not 2) .P(not 2). P(not 2) = “76 P(X=1) = P(2).P(not 2) .P(not 2) + Soe 2).P@2).P(not 2) 7 +P(nat2) .P(not 2) 2) 1 ass as! 216 * 216 * 216 ~ 216 (not 2) +P(2) .P(not 2) .P(2) + P(not 2) .P(2) .P(2) [v die is thrown 3 times] Sis S, 666 oped 2c tBu rae pu IABeY orci! 15m 6666666166" HO" 26” 216” 6 aii PO=3)-PO.POPO Fe -eaig Now 200 $s 1 125 = Ox 1 Byrn ng oe He? a6" a6 e254 90, 8, 7549043 108 1 216 * 216 * 216 ; Be me 2 Hence, the required expectation is +. z 438m NCERT Exeweuss Pros.ens MarHenanics-Xil 029. Two biased dice are thrown together. For the fist die P(6) = i the other scores being equally likely while fr the second die, PQ) = 2 and the other seores are equally likely. athe probabil distributor of the number of one sea. Given that: for the first die, 70-2 and P@)=1-2 a Sol. =P()+ FO)+ 0) #70 +P6) “> 9 2 SPO= Pa)y=+ T=1-222 nF 9 PO)= Land PG =1 aD Forte sad die Pt)= 2 and) 1-3 3 LetXbe the number of one's seen oX=012 = P&=0)= PC.PG= 18+3_ 21 = =Fe00 a 50 2 PO=2)= PO). P= 35-3 Byron Hence, the required probability distribution is x [0 1 2 Po) | 058 | 042 | 008 930. Two probability distributions of the discrete random variable Xand Y are given below. 1273] (Mloli ays 212 }4) fool 2 }212 [2 5|5|5] [P™] 5 |i s [70 EQ?) =2EQ0). lity distrfbution is given by 3 We know that, EO) = PX; a I 2 5 ts 5 _—.?_——— Prosnsiry m 439 | eat asguRSGHESEEESEEEE Aye) Doyle, soi begid o2T ai BOQ 80. F415 +2. 543.5 OFTHE ae For the second probability distribution, ¥ 0 1 243 1fal2 PO! 's [10 | 5 | 10 Boye0, F414. 2 49. rah BM 10°5 10 10 5 Now E04) = and 2E09= 22 = 14 Hence, E(?)=2E(X). 31. A factory produces bulbs, The probability that any one bul is defective is 55 and’they are packed in boxes of 10. From the single box, find the probability that () none of the bulbsis defective (ii) exactly two bulbs are defective (iif) more than8 bulbs work properly. Sol. Let X be the random variable denoting a bulb to be defective, Lage geGi die Here, n=10,p= 35/9 1-a== ‘We know that P(X = 1) ="C,p" gt" (@ None of the bulbs is defective, ie, r=0 ==" a (2); 7 (2) Pe=0)= Poa) (2) -(S (ii) Exactly two bulbs are defective aren ne(2}(2P" as ay salt ant 5% (5g) <9) (iil) More than 8 bulbs work properly ‘We can say that less than 2 bulbs are defective P(e <2) = PG =0)+P(e=1) ~reo is) (3) *(@) G)-G) *sle) 440 mi NCERT Exewear Prosteus MatHewarics-Xll = 45. 32. Sol. Sit-9-g)g) a 50) \50"5)~ \50) (50. (50)? * Suppose you have two coins which appear identical in your pocket. You know that ‘one is fair and one is 2-headed coin. If you take one out, toss it arid get a head, whats the probability that it was a fair coin? Let E, = Event that the coin is fair E, = Event that the coin is 2-headed_ and H = Event thatthe tossed coin gets head. 1 1 1 PER)= 5 PE)= 5, PVE) =5> PCH/E) =1 «Using Bayes’ Theorem, we get PCE )-P (E/E) P(E)/H) = = _ (El) = FES P EE) + PE). PE) Hence the required probability is } Suppose that 6% of the people with blood group © are left handed and 10% of those with other blood groups are left handed, 30% of the people have blood group O. If a left handed person is selected at random, what is the probability that he/she will have blood group 0? Let E, = The event that a person selected is of blood group O E, = The event that the person selected is of other group and H = The event that selected person is left handed P(E) =0.30 and P(E,)=0.70 P(HVE,) -0.06 P(H/E,) =0.10 So, from Bayes’ Theorem o(&) = PE)-POHVE,) H) ” PE) PAE) + PUEa)-POVEa) 0.30 x 0.06 0.018 “030% 0.06+0.70%010 0.018+0.070 ~ 0.088 44 Hence, the required probability is 2 Prosasity Hl 444 Pree eee eee eet Q34, Twonatural numbers r and sare drawn one at a time, without replacement from the set S = {I, 2, |. Find Per < pis 442 Hl NCERT Exemp.ar Prostens MarHewarics-XIl 036, The random variable X can take only the values 0, 1, 2. If POC=0) POX =H) pane BX) EO i i he ean ofp =2isx p+p+x=1 5 x=1-2p Now we have the following distibutons. x wah mt iars 2 1-3) p+ Lp + 2(1 — 2p) = p+2—4p=2—3p EQ@) =Op+1p+4(1—2p)=p+4-8p=4-7p 1 sty 2-98 Soap nee > Hence, the required value of pis +. 2" Q37. Find the variance of the distribution: x 0 1 2 3 4 5 “ 1 5 2 1 1 1 PO) nigepr tar] @ djivdr [ae Sol. We know that: Variance (X) = EQ?) -[EQQP BQ) = Dts a 1 1 woxdere Sa rn2eaxd edd 5xk 54,3 4,5 548494845 35 1°96 9 18 18 18 EOC) = OnE 41x SAAS +92 41S SE 58,916 25 5+16+27+32425 105 18°96" 9 "18 8 Ty! 105 95 95 _ 1890-1225 665 Var O05 gaia fiagiriah 2328 Hur a "324 Hence, the required variance is = -- Q38. A and B throw a pair of dice alternately. A wins the game if he gelsa total of 6 and B wins ifshe gets a total of 7. IF Astarts the Prosnsuiry 443 ‘game, find the probability of winning the game by A in third throw of the pair of dice. Sol. Let A, be the event of getting a total of 6 = (2,4), 4,2), (5), 6, 0, B,3)) and B, be the event of getting a total of 7 = (2,5), 5, 2), A, 6), (6 1), GB, 4), (4 3) «. The required probability of winning A in his third throw es 315 5 _ 775 = PA,)-PB,)-P(AD) = 36-336 . Q39. Two dice are tossed. Find whether the following two events A and B are independent. A= ((x, y) x+y = 11) and 2, (B) = 30 and n(A 0B) =1 oe 366 2 P(A)= 2-3 and P(B) Is ii = PA).P(B) = 75-Z= Gog ABA PAB) = 9g (B) # PAM) and Bare not independent. and 1 black balls. A ball is drawn at random and is put back ‘um along with k additional balls of the same colour as that of the ball drawn. A ball is again drawn at random. Show that the probability of drawing 1a white ball now does not depend on & Sol. Let Abe the event having mt white and n black balls E, = {first ball drawn of white colour) E, = {first ball drawn of black colour} 444° NCERT Exenptar Prostews Mauewarios-Xil E, = (second ball drawn of white colour) 1 P(E) = and PE)= +h and P(Es/%) = P(Es/Ex) = ntn+k mentk Now P(E) = P(E,).P(Es/E;) + P(Ea)-P(Es/Es) mek nm m+ntk men mbntk oatieate | ers Hence, the probability of drawing a white ball does not depend upon k. It LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS Q41. Three bags contain a number of red and white balls as, Sol. follows, Bag I: 3 red balls, Bag Il: 2 red balls and 1 white ball and Bag III: 3 white balls. The probability that bag i will be chosen and a ball is selected from it is 4 where i= 1, 2,3. 6 What is the probability that (a red ball will be selected (i) a white ball is selected? Given that: Bagl: 3 red balls and no white ball Bag Il: 2red balls and 1 white ball Bag ID: no red ball and 3 white balls Let E,, E, and B, be the events of choosing Bag I, Bag Il and Bag III respectively and a ball is drawn from it. amey=4, re)-2 and e)= 3 Let E be the event that red ball is selected “sP(E)= P(E,)-P(E/E:)+P(Es)-P(E/Es)+PE3).P(E/Es) eee a ety Oe teat 63°63 6 18°18 18 (ii) Let F be the event that a white ball is selected PE) =1-PH P©+Pe)=1] u bet ob 18°18 —__—+_—— Prosreuny 445 Joi Ml Hence, the required probabilities are 75 and =. Q42. Refer to Exercise Q.41 above. If a white ball is selected, wi is the probability that it came from () Bag i) Bag I? Sol. Referring to Exercise Q.41, we will use here Bayes’ Theorem ; P(E). PCRVE2) OP (Ea/F)” Die). PAE) + PE)-PFE:) PE) POE) (PCs!) FES FERY ES PRE PED FOE) P(E}) rected sea) nea PVE: Tan E38 Tot 23, 2,3 6° oOs: Bist gt B°6 Hence, the a prob: 043. A shopkeeper sells three types of flower seeds A,, Ay and They are sold as a mixture, where the proportions are 4 respectively. The germination rates of the three types of s are 45%, 60% and 35%. Calculate the probability ()) of a randomly chosen seed to germinate will not germinate given that the seed is of type Ay of the type A, given that a randomly chosen seed does not germinate. Sal Given aba hacia bed 2 2 4 P(A) = 4 and PA) = where Ay, Ay and A, are the three types of seeds. Let E be the event that a seed germinates and E be the ev that a seed does not germinate E 45 60 3B = °C) aa * (G5) vats (5) ito E)_ 55 E ca wa (2). oa r(E)ao 446 NCERT Exewecar Prostens MarHenarics-XiIl @ Pe= onela | etagy Jeane ge :) ~ qo"t00 10" t00 * 10° 100 = son" Ta" "on Bee at P(A;). P(E/A; Pel) SPE, ESE) a “100 * 30100 * 10" 100 Ep lOND m [a Net D6Din = = L606 8 20, 160 450. ~ 390+160+180 510 51 1000 1000 1000 Hence, the required probability is z or 0314. Q44. A letter is known to have come either from TATA NAGAR, or from CALCUTTA. On the envelope, just two consecutive letters TA are visible, What is the probability that the letter came from TATA NAGAR? Sol. Let E,: The event that the letter comes from TATA NAGAR_ and E,: The event that the letter comes from CALCUTTA ‘Also E,: The event that on the letter, two consecutive letters TA are visible 1 1 E; 2 E. a «PE)=> == Pi) =] == anc abla = E)= > and P(E) F and (2) 2 and (2) ; [- For TATA NAGAR, the two consecutive letters visible are TA, AT, TA, AN,NA, AG, GA, AR] <. P(Es/T) = 2 and [For CALCUTTA, the two consecutive letters Visible are CA, AL, LC CU, UT, TT and TA] So, P(Es/E2) = ; Now using Bayes’ Theorem, we have P(E,)-P(E5/E) PEW) ~ Fey P(E /6,) +P) P(E) Prosasury = 447 Hence, the required probat i i 4 white 145. There are two bags, one of which contains 3 black and 4 whit ON Fall whe the ofr contain 4 lac and 3 white Dall die bag but if it shows up any other number, a ball is chosen from she eecord Pees inul te Probab pf chooser lack al Sol. Lot E, be the event of selecting Bag I and E, be the event of selecting Bag II Let By be the event that black balls selected ont ae P(E) = Z=5 and PE)=1-35=5 4 P(Es/l -2 and P(E3/Ea) = > P(E3) = P(E): P(B3/E1) + P(E2)-P(Es/E2) n Hence, the required probability > . There are three urns containing 2 white and 3 black balls, Si 3 white and 2 black balls and 4 white and 1 black balls, respectively. chosen. A ball is {s found to be white. Find the probability that the ball drawn was from the second umn. Sol. We have 3 ums: 2w aw aw 3B 2B 1B Uy Uy Us «. Probabilities of choosing either of the a are PU,) = PU, =PU)= 5 Let H be the event of drawing white ball from the chosen um. 448 NCERT Exeupcar Prostens Mariemanics-XIl Qa7, + POHL) = 2, PRU) = 2 and P(H/U) = 4 5 1 P(Uyey=— OP) zy 3°5 ese ee Seat ty 22,2 3 VeOD Sa 97g 3°5°3'5°3'5 5 °5*5 Hence, the required probability is } By examining the chest X-ray, the probability that TB is detected when a person is actually suffering is 0.99. The Probability of an healthy person diagnosed to have TBis 0,001. Ina certain city, 1 in 1000 people suffer from TB. A is selected at random and is diagnosed to have TB. What is the probability that he actually has TB? Let E,: Event that a person has TB E,: Event that a person does not have TB ‘and H: Event that the person is diagnosed to have TB. i £m) gO, ret Ey P(H/I ) = 0.99, P(EYE,) =0.001 P(E). PORE) + P(E, /H)= (8/8) Sey PE.) + PE). FOTE) 0.001 x0.99 _ 099 0.001 x 0.99 + 0.999 x 0.001 ~ 099+ 0.999 0.990 _ 990 110 0.990 +-0.999 1989 221 Hence, the required probability is gz An item is manufactured by three machines A, B and C. Out of the total number of items manufactured during a specified period, 50% are manufactured on machine A, 30% on B and 20% on C. 2% of items produced on A and 2% of items produced on B are defective and 3% of these produced ‘on machine C are defective. All the items are stored at one godown. One item is drawn at random and is found to be defective. What is the probability that it was manufactured on ‘machine A? — Pron! 449) Sol. Let E,: The event that the item is manufactured on E,: The creat hut “the ten” ts manufactured Ey: The event that the item is manufactured on Let H be the event that the selected item is defective. + Using Bayes’ Theorem, 30 20 ‘We know that )” P(X;) =1 Ea So, 2k+ 3k-+ 4k + 5k + 10k-+ 12k + 14k = 1 1 = 50k=1 = k= Ze Hence, the value of is (i) Now the probability distribution is 2. pe) m 100 . 3 xX} up2,3 >a Tsfelz PCFTE:) = 399" POHIE2) = agg and PCBVEs) = 70g po} 2) 3/4] S [eye fa PCE,)P(H/E)) 50_| 50 | 50 [50] 50 | 50 | 50 + P(E) ~ Fe SP (HIE) PCE) P (AIE,) = PES) P(E) FO)= 1x2 42x 343x445 yg WO bed 50 50 50 50, 50 50 2 a7xit SB pian thy 2ieh Dota ,: BO JPG Bhp Bingo TS, 300 * 700 * 100 * 700 * 100 “100 100 100105 *j00+60+60 220 22 11 5 Hence, the required probability is 75 Q49. Let X be a discrete random variable whose probability distribution is defined as follows: k(e+1) forx=1,2,3,4 0, otherwise Sol. (i) Here, PX=x)=K(x+ 1) forx=1,2,3,4 0 So FOX a= +) ze FOX-2)-K@°1) 3k PX = 3) = k(3 +1) = ak; POX = 4) = kd +1) = 5k Also, P(X=1)= 2k for r=5, 6,7 P(X=5) =25)k= 10k; P= 6) = 2¢6)k= 12k PX = 7) = 27)k= 1k and for otherwise itis 0. 2,612, 20 50 72 98 26026 505050 *50 "50°50 "50 ~ 507-5 752 We know that Standard deviation (SD) = VVariance Variance EQ@) - [EQ]? We) = De oe aonck ton zoel : sexi sapxlt ; 2 Varun og» 298_(28) iz 16 198-1352 Han e SD = ¥2.92 = 1.7 (approx.) Q50. The probability distribution of a discrete random variable X is given as under: «. The probability distribution is given by Xx [i [2 4 72a [3a [5a x[if2,3 [415 [6 | 7 J otherwise BOO | Loew dual oy et | sean POD] 2 | ak | ak | Se [ t0% | x2k [rmx | 0 2 | 5 | 25 | io | 35 | 25 450. Sl NCERT Exewpcar Prostens Marenarics-XIl Calculate: (i) The valtie of A if E(X) =2.94; (i) Variance of X PRosreiiry 454 Sol. () We know that: E(X) = 2 olin 8 dat Teee 2 asa npg = Db eaxdeaxde2ax sang +5055 1,2,12 A, 3A A age 21242 4,388 134 = 294= =05+04+048+ 2& = 198428 BA BA = 294-188= FS 3 156= 5 = an PERS woz x2s fe A=3 i) Now the distribution becomes x 1 2 A 6 9 15, | BN SO Paget ane Fe | ps 10 | 25 | 35 1 FOG) = Ixy +4xE L163 +36xH sick +2545 = 05+08+1.92+3.6+3.24 + 9.00 19.06 ‘Variance (X) = EQ?) — [BOOP = 19,06 — 2.94)? = 19.06 ~ 8.64= 10.42 Q51. The probability distribution of a random variable X is given asunder; ket forx= rs P(Kax)= 42ke forx 0. otherwise «Probability distribution of random variable Xis Sol. Given that: P(X=x) = pe for x=4,5,6 452. Bl NCERT Exewecar Prostens MarHewanics—XIl ak_| 10k [12k oO ES Pear ere de 1= et MEQQ= dex 1K +2 dk +3 «K+ d x BK +5 x 1Ok+6 «12k = 8+ 27h 30k 50k +72 = 190k 95 fi ox tS = 4.32 (approx.) ( BEN = ae aOU uf ae TS ANEV «1g = M16 18k + 2804+ 308 = 08] 274 = 39081-2774 «61.9 4 908 xT = 27 61.9 approx) (ii) P24) = P= 4) +POC~5) +PK=6) = 8K+ 10K + 12k= 30% dip: XD Q52. A’bag contains (2n +1) coins. It is known that 1 of these coins havea head on both sides whereas the restof the coins are fai. A coin is picked up at random from the bag and is tossed. If the probability that the toss results ina head is 21, determine 2 the value of n, Given that coins are two headed coins and the remaining (+1) coins are fair. Let E,: the event that unfair coin is selected Ey: the event that the fair coin is selected E: the event that the toss results in a head n ntl POD * 5 ,3q and PE)= 55 P(E/E;) ~ 1 (sure event) and P(G/E) = > PE) = PR) P(E/E,) + P(E,). ee) ay EL nat net 2 “aa itil (eee). Sn+1 Busi” 2 2Qn+1) 244) 2 Prosasry ll 453 Sol. Let E be the event of gett at But Pe) = Zegiven) ‘event of getting even number on tossing a die. 310 aoe, 2 on + P@)* 2-H and PG =1-121 uel SL Sa _ ot een meee Ere “ WQn+t) 42 2nt1” 2 Here X=0,1, Bae et ees = 6n+ 21 = 62431 PoC=0) = P@.PG=2 Lat = n= 10 Hence, the required value of » is 10. POK=1)= PE).PE)+PH).PE)-2 2411 1,122 Q53. Two cards are drawn successively without replacement froma tag 22 eee ‘well shuffled deck of cards. Find the mean and standard deviation PX =2) =P(E)P(E)= 24-1 ‘of the random variable X where X is the number of aces. = 224 Sol. Let X be the random variable such that X=0, 1, 2 +. Probability distribution table is and E = the event of drawing an ace = a 7 > and F = the event of drawing non-ace, F : 5 4 a = = os 1PE)= 5 ana PH-5 PO) ; 2 1 © 8 ae ah in tt Lehn tle gy Now PQX=0) = PE).PE) = 5-37 = 557 BO) = Ox Fi te2x ta Ze Zar 4.2 POX= 1) =PE).P Pe) = 458,84 2 ge wos te caiehad an Ai. doves POX =2) = PEE).P(E)= 55-55 = ay ++ Variance (X) = E(X*) — [EQQ}?= Bet-d-05 ‘We have Distribution Table: Q55. There are 5 cards numbered 1 to 5, one number on one card. = 5 7 5 ‘Two cards are drawn at random without replacement. Let X denotes the sum of the numbers on two cards drawn. Find the pete ott ee ‘mean and variance of X. mi | mi | mi Sol. Here, sample space $= {(1, 2}, (2, 1), (1, 3), (3,1), (2,3), @, 2), 7,188,,, 8), 1 2 MD 4), 4, 1), 5),6,0), 2 5) (5,2), 8,4), (4 3), Now, Mean EQ) =0x 20+ 15 5 4 26 a to OG 65).6.3,6,4 ) = 20 188 32 2 32 4 KS EQC) = Ox at) cart 4* ar oat aon Cat be the random variable denoting the sum ofthe numbers ‘on two cards drawn. 2 Variance = EQ?) -[EQX)P 36 ay 36 4 466-68 son : dea? “21 \a3) * 221 169 ~ 13x21 ~ 2873 So, POK=3)= 5 Pxng= 2 00 Standard deviation = |)>574 = 0377 (approx) Pa-5- PXK=6)= 3 O54. A die is tossed twice. A ‘success’ is getting an even number on aed 2 a toss, Find the variance of the number of successes. P=) = 55 PX=8)= 55 454 Bl NCERT Exewrcar Prosiems Marienarics-XIl _——sS£§!_—— = Phostouy m 485 2 21 borg 2M 2 4x2 asx 5 6x5 7x4 fean, E(X) = 3x2 tid rox sox kk aoe Zion Sia Big ag BB lb 185 OS 20 z 20 me 20” 20 By 20 2 2 2 9x 416K 425 x A s6x 449% 4 64x ee1x2 EQ?) = 9x55 16x +25x4 +6 Ato + 64x 481 -Nariance (X)= EO®)~ [EQ)F=38 - (6)°=39 -36" 3 @ /OBJECTIVETYPE QUESTIONS: [a Choose the correct answer from the given four options in each of the Exercises from a 56 to 93. 56. ae = and PAnB)= z then P(B/A) seq to 1 oF oF of o% PA NB) _ 70, z POA) pay a5 8 Hane the comet option) os. ui Bo am m © ten P(A/B) ce of w% ‘ %. @t 7 Sol. Given that: P(A. B)= 7p and P(B)= 3% PANB)_ 7/10 14 P®) 17/20 17 Hence, the correct exten is(@. P(A/B) = 958. ERA)- 2, P(B)= = 2 and P(AUB)= 2, then P(B/A) + P(A/B) eat to 486 Bl NCERT Exewetar Proatems Mariewarics-Xil “2 s 7 @4 Bg oO im Sol. rete 2, P= 2 a and P(AUB)= HAUB)= r+) PANE) 3 > sats oP 2.3_ 344-6 = Panb)= 342-3 7 Rand) PAB) PA) ao 170 dele 25 30473" 12 Hees fhe ees epteniata), Q59. uPa)= 2, Pe) 2 and (AB) = 2, then PAB). OIA) sequal to ee 0 Now P(A/B) +P(B/A)= 5 5 25 oF 2 oF @ Sol, Given that: P(A)= 2, P(B)= = and PCAN) rape 1-2-3, r@)-1- 307 and P(A’ OB’) = 1- Maw B)=1- sey neal B)] 1 sept lita) a3 PA’ B’)_ 1/2 5 P(A/B’) = PB) 707 and P(B/AY) = EOP) 18 35 25 2P(A7B').P(BYA) = 2x33 Hence, the correct option is (c) Q60. IFA and B are two events such that P(A) = 3 P@)= 5 and P(A/B) = i then P(A’ 9B’) equals Prosasuiry Bi 457 1 3 1 e ot 02 of oF Sol. Given that: P(A) = i P@)= t and P(A/B) ay PAB) p) =» PAOB) FAME) pea 1 HACE) i,iga a Be PPACN a3 a Now = 1-[P(A) +P@)-P(ANB)] ded pt Sed 9.3.1 oon te zl 2" 4 Hence, the correct option is (). Q61. If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 08 and P(B/A) = 0.6 then P(A U B) is qual to (a) 0.24 (b) 03 (©) 0.48 (a) 0.96 Sol. Given that: P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P(B/A) = 0.6 AB) PEAOB) Pay OS" oa P(AMB) = 0.6*0.4=0.24 P(AUB) = P(A) +P(B)-P(AMB) = 0.4+0.8 -0.24 = 1.20 -0.24=0.96 Hence, the correct option is (d).. Q62. If A and B are two events and A # 9, B#, then. PQA) PNB (@) P(A/B)=PCA)-P@)—(b)-P(A/B) = a ) i PA) © PAB)P@/A)=1— PINB)= Fe Sol. Given that: A=$ and B#6, _ P(ANB) then (As) = AE Hence, the correct option 63. A.and Bare events such that =05. Then P(B’ 7 A) equals 3 1 oF wf Om @s ) =0.4, P(B)=0.3.and PAVE) 458 @ NCERT Exewevar Prostens MarHenarics-XIl Sol. Given that: P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.3 and P(A'UB)=05 P(AUB) = P(A) + PCB) P(A mB) 05 = 04+03=P(AnB) P(AMB) = 0.4403-=0.5=0.2 P(A A) = P(A)-P(ANB) =04-0.2=0.2= ' Hence, the correct option is (7). Q64, IfA and B are two events such that P(B) = 3 P(a/s)=4 and P(AUB =i then P(A) equals 3 1 1 3 o2 ot oF @% Sol. Given that: P(B) = 3, P(A/B) = ; land Paua)=$ ‘We know thatP(A/B) = ad st. rae Ly) ig PanB)= uate P(A UB) = P(A) + P(B)~P(AMB) $= payed 3 510 Meh, Sy en Gea = pays $24 Foto oS od Hence, the correct option is (). Q65. In Exercise 64 above, P(B/A’) is equal to rf 3 1 3 Os OF Oz OF§ Sol. According to Exercise 64, we have es8 (eh 0 ii Pe) 2, P(A/B) = 5, AUD) $ 3.08: 4) RBOA) _ PB)=PANB) | 5770 PABA) = pag) TSA (NE Hence, the correct option is (i). 266. IF PB) = 3, P(AB) =F end AUB) = 2, then et PRORIOTY M459 P(AUBY + P(A‘ UB)= 1 @; of oF ws j 3 1 4 Sol. Given that:P(B)= F, P(A/B)=3 and P(AUB)= 4 hc. P(AOB) PAB) DB) 1 _ PAnB) a) ei 2 Toeafio EAB 10 onl P(AUB) = P(A) +P@)-PIANB) 4 ays 3, 5 5 10 $183 1 ss MA)" 575710 "5107107 Now P(AUBY #P(A’UB) =1-P(AUB)+1-P(AMB) = 2-2-Pa)P@) -$-3(-3)-$ 12-6 APD GN BT ORS — 5 Hence, the correct option is (#). Let P(A)= 2, PB) ~ & and P(A B)= is equal to 13 13 4 e, ga Then P(A) 3 67. 6 4 4 Oa os KOs a eye 9 af Sol. Given that: P(A) = yar P= 3 and PAB) = = 28 P(A‘ OB) | PB)=PANB) _ 13773. P@) PB) a Hence, the correct option is (¢). a8 j. If A and B are such events that P(A) > 0 and P(B) #1 then P(A’/B’) equals (@) 1-P(A/B) 1-P(AUB) PB) 460 @ NCERT Exewptar Prostens Maremarics-Xll P(AYB) = Blebile ® 1-P(AyB) © Q70. Sol. Sol. Given that: P(A)>0 and P(B) #1 P(A‘B’) = rom Hence, the correct option is (0). A an B are two independent events with P(A) = 2 and P(B)= 5» then P(A’ B’) equals 8 of oF Given that: A and B are independent events mye a mapeae 1-P(A UB) Pe) such that Pave) and PAU B)= 2 8 3 a PAU) = P(A) +P(B)-P(AAB) aia Bn aee ra, a 7a bet eehel 8505 <8! 1 = Pans)= 343-262 Prosasury 461 Now(A/B).(A/B) = ?AOB) PAYA B) PQ) PB) _ PAnB) PB)-PANB) Pe)” Pe) 1(5 1 gla) 23.6 “Ses, 5525. 7s. 8 8 Hence, the correct option is (d). Ifthe events A and B are independent, then P(A 9B) is eq (a) P(A) +P(B) (#) P(A)-P(B) (©) P(A) PB) (@) Since A and B are two independent events : P(AMB) = P(A)P®) Hence, the correct option is (c). ‘Two events E and F are independent. If P(E) = 0.3 and PEEUR)=05, then p(E/F)- P(F/E) equals 2 3 1 wh 15 taupe Dares inten Oragorine Cory Given that: E and F are independent events such that P(B)=03 and P(EUF)=05 PEEUF) = P(E) +P@)-P(ENF) Qn. Sol. Qn. Sol. 05 =03+P(F)-P@)PE) = 05-03 = PG) [1-P(E)] + 02-P(F) (1-03) = 02 = P07) 02-2 PO" 0777 076. PEE) PEAR) l Now P(E/F)~P (E/E) = aI De ma PEPE) PE).PE) _ ya ae 13 Sol. “PH Pe. PEP 9770 Hence, the correct option is (c). A bag contains 5 red and 3 blue balls. If3 balls are drawn at random without replacement, then the probability of getting exactly one red ball is 5 135 yo oS 3 ro Sop. Q74. 15 1s of 3 * "462 ml NCERT Exewrtas Prostens MarHenarics-Xil Sol. Given that: Bag contains 5 red and 3 blue balls. Probability of getting exactly one red ball if 3 balls are randomly drawn without replacement =P(R) .P(B) .P(B) + P(B). P(R) . P(B) + P(B) .P(B). PCR) m2 5293 5 25 9)2 8 | 3 990 | 0-0 1 _87'6 8'7'6 8°76 336 336 336 336 56 Hence, the correct option is (¢). Refer to Question 74 above. The probability that exactly two of the three balls were red, the first ball being red is 1 4 6 5 Ors OF Oo ® 3 According to Question 74, Let E, be the event that first ball is red. E, be the event that exacily two of the three balls are red. * P(E,) = P(R).P(R).P(B)+P(R).PR).PR)+PR).PB).P(R) ¥ +P(R).P(B).P(B) 543,54 5347553 2 "876876876876 = ©, 60, 60 , 30 210 336 * 336 * 336 * 336 ~ 336 PE,NE,)= PR).PB).PR)+PR).PR).PB) 259.4,543_ 60, 60 10 8°76 8°7'6 336 336 336 P(E, NE2) _ 120/336 4 2 P(E, (By) = PAO) Fie 8 210/336 7 Hence, the correct option is (2). ‘Three persons A, Band C fire at a target in turn, starting with A. Their probabilities of hitting the target are 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2 respectively. The probabilities of two hils is (@ 0.024 (6) 0.188 (©) 0336 (a) 0.452 Given that: P(A) = 04, P(B) =0.3 and P(C) =0.2 P@) =1-03-07 Also P(A) =1-04=06, = 0.096 + 0.056 + 0.036 Hence, the correct option is (2). PRosasLiry Bl 463 Sol. a7. Sol. Q79. Sol. 464 @ NCERT Exewetar Prostens MaTHewanics—XIl Assume thatin a family, each child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. A family with three children is chosen at random. ‘The probability that the eldest child is a girl given that the family has atleast one girl is 2 OF wt oF wd Let G denotes the girl and B denotes the boy of the given family. So, (8) = {(BGG), (GBG), (GGB), (GBB), (BGB), (BBG), (BBB), (GGG)} Let E; be the event that the family has alteast one girl. ++ E, = {(BGG), (GBC 3GB), (GBB), (BGB), (BBG), (GGG)} a be the event that the eldest child is a girl. “ E, = {(GBG), (GGB), (GBB), (GGG)} (EE) = eee {C2}, a (GGG) 1 Es) ae “P(Es/E) = py 787 Hence, the correct option is (i). Ifa die is thrown and a card is selected at random from a deck of 52 playing cards. The probability of getting an even number on the die and a spade card is i 1 3 Ms Og OF Let _E, be the event of getting even number on the die. E; be the event of selecting a spade card. 1 Bi =5 and P(E,) = oF 2 3 + PE)" © al So PE, OE) = PEPE Hence, the correction option is (c). Abox contains 3 orange balls, 3 green balls and 2 blue balls. ‘Three balls are drawn at random from the box: without replacement. The probability of drawing 2 green balls and one blue ball is 2 1 17 i iordontsd i corca Glaiee Probability of drawing 2 green and 1 blue balls ee 248 3 3 = P(G).P(G). P(B) + P(G) PB). P(G) + PB). P(G).P(G) 2 22 2i8 2 Bi2 9:2 2 AZ AZ gos 9 36) 3 —876'87'6'87'6 336 336 336 336 28 Hence, the correct option is (a). ). A flashlight has 8 batteries out of which 3 are dead. If two batteries are selected without replacement and tested then the probability that both are dead is 33 9 1 na OF WG 40) niggas On Sol. Required probability = P(dead) P(dead) : ei “87 28 Hence, the correct option is (). Q61. If eight coins are tossed together, then the probability of getting exaclly 3 heads is 1 7 5 13 Om OF OF WF Sol. Here, n= 8,p= 3, 4= 1-3-3 andrea We know that P(e=1) = "C, pg" re-ae to)” 1p(1y Na 1 7 ~ a) (3) 96(5) = 3% Hence, the correct option is (b). . Two dice are thrown. If it is known that the sum. ofnumbers on the dice was less than 6, the probability of getting a sum 3, is 1 5 1 2 © © ag Og Ms Let E, be the event showing the sum of the numbers on the two dice was less than 6 and E, be the event that the sum of the numbers is 3 Sol. E, = (41,1), 2), @ 1), (1,3), @, 1), (1, 4), (4, 1), 2,2), 2,3), 3,2) n(€,) = 10 and E= ((,2), @ 1)) = n(E)=2 and nf, nE.)=2 ++ Required probability P(Es/E) = Hence, the correct option is (0. Q83. Which one is not a requirement of a Binomial distribution? (® There are two outcomes for each trial, —-_--_:-.1.§.4.— Prossiiny m 465 (6) There is a fixed number of trials. ie outcomes must be dependent on each other. The probability of success must be the same forall trials, Sol. We know that for a Binomial distribution, the outcomes must not be dependent on each other. Hence, the correct option is (c) (Q84. If two cards are drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards with replacement, then the probability that both cards are queens is igs a, (i 1 3% O pta OB Sol. Probability of getting Queen = 4 So, the required probability = P(Queen).P(Queen) a4 11 = 5252713 13 (with replacement) Hence, the correct option is (a). (Q85. The probability of guessing correctly atleast 8 out of 10 answers on a true false type examination is 7 7 45 OG © ie © jo Oa 1 Sol. Here, =10, p= 3 and 9= 5 (for true/false questions) 28,9, fo opoces) = PQ@=8)+P(e=9) + P= 10) aE sree -o( mG Ol 7 = 56x we -— Hence, the correct option is (0). Q86. The probability that a person is not a swimmer is 0.3. The probability that out of § persons 4 are swimmers is (b) °C, 0.7) (0.3) Sol. Given that: P =03 +. p=07 and q=1-07=03 466 © NCERT Excupcar Prostews MarHewarios—XIl n=5andr=4 We know (0.7)* (0.3) Hence, the correct option is _ : Q87, The probability distribution of a discrete random variable Xis given below: x P00 mS fo 10 | Sol. We know that) P(X;) =1 mt Bata kom, Hence, the correct option is 066. For the following probability distribution: X a[-3]-2]-1)0 Poo |orfo2]o3| 02 fo: Sol, We know that: Hence, the correct option 89. For the following probabil x[r[2T3[a Tfayafa P09) io | 30 | 10 | & Sol. We know that 14,27 32 28 36 100 guns yh 27 i SP eR ng S8 OST “yo"s*'s 10°57 10 Hence, the correct option is (a). é 290. Suppose aren variable tole terol erie Pear with parameters 1 and p, where 0

    0 and P(B) > 0. Then A and B can be both mutually exclusive and independent. False If A and B are independent events, then A’ and BY are also independent. ‘True If and B are mutually exclusive events, then they will be independent also. False ‘Two independent events are always mutually exclusive. False If A and B are two independent events, then P(A and B) = P(A).P(B). True 1 Another name for the mean of a probability distribution is expected value. True [+ Fe0= ZxiP04)] IA and B’ are independent events, then P(A’ UB) =1-P(A)PBY) Te PA’ UB)=1-P(ANB’)=1-P(A)PG)] IfA and B are independent events, then P (exactly one of A, B occurs) = P(A).P(B’) + P(B) P(A’) True IéAand Bare two events such that P(A) > 0 and P(A) +P(B)>1, then P(B/A) > 1-28). ra P( B) P(A) (B) — P(A UB) Felee t) St Bah ann (A) + PB) — PUA UB) > RSF A) IEA, B and C are three independent events such that P(A)=PQ)=P(C)=p, then P (atleast two of A, B and C occur) = 3p2— 2p? True Since P (atleast two of A, Band C occur) =Pxpx(L—p)*(1—p).p.p+p-p)p+p.p.p = 3p? (1~ p) +p? = 3p? 3p) + p) = 3p2— 993 Hill in the blanks in each of the following questions, Q104. IFA and B are two events such that P(A/B) = p, P(A) = p, 1 POB)= 3 and (AUB) = 3, then pis equal io Sol. Given that: P(A) =p, P(B) = 3 and (AUB) = 2 P(ANB) PAD) = ED =p = ANB)=p PQB)= PE and P(A UB) = P(A) #P(B)=P(ANB) Suppl Busy Bud 2p 2 2p 1 9 TBI) gg ate 9 Oo UREN g esp ico 10s. UAand Bare such that (AUB) = 2 and P(AUB)= 3, then P(A) + PCB?) is equal to : Sol. Here, R(A'UB)= 2 and (AUB) = 3 1-P(AnB)=2 = P(AMB) = 1-3-3 Now — P(A’)+P(B) = 1-P(A)+1-P(B)=2- (F(A) +PB)) =2-PAUB)+PANB)) 5,1)_,_8_10 =2-GBeg]-2-5-2 Hence the value of the fillers 22, 106. JEX follows Binomial distribution with parameters = 5, p and P(X=2) = 9P(X = 3), then p is equal to. " Sol. Given that: P(X= 2) = 9P(X=3) SC pe? = 9.5C, pq? _—__=___-..]$[——<—— | Prosasuiy! mr 474 Scyp'g? TE it i. es aie z [ec=¢ Sample Question Paper = sp =4 SET-I = Ippo %p4pm1 9 pets pe (econ) Choose the correct answer from the given four options in each of the Questions 1 t0 3. [2 apa F Hl 3]]_o) then wis ©a-1 OC) @eL-1 2, The area of the triangle with vertices (-2, 4), @, &) and (6, 4) is 355q. units. The value of kis 1 Hence, the value of the fillers 35 Q107. Let X be a random variable taking values x), x3) 25m 4 With probabilities py, Pa Pym» p, espectively. Then Var(X) is equal t Sol. Var(X) = E(X?)— [EQ = ExPe9-[EX Poo] = Leys? -(Lea)? Hence, Var (X) is equal to 3p, 32 (Spx). (@4 @-2 6 (@-6 (Q108, Let A and B be two events. If P(A/B)= P(A), then Ais Ans. (d) ~6 iu 3. The line y= +1 is a tangent to the curvey? =4r atthe point of B. (2) (1, 2) @O@N ©WM-2) @ C12) PNB) 2) P(A/B) = ~Sopy truct a2 * 2 matrix whose elements a, are given by (ANB) oa FU) FiieceeB) % = P(AMB) = P(A)PB) So, Ais independent of B. og id the value of derivative of tan“ (e*) w.nt. xat the point x~ 0, 2}-+6i) +2) 5) +38), where 2 is a scalar. 7. Evaluate J (sin® x+x!™)dx Ans. 0 472 M@ NCERT Exewecar Prostens Marenanics-Xill, oe. Fill in the blanks in Questions 8 to 10. ; OR § 8 ee ace Solve the equation for xifsin-'x-+sin'2e= =, x50, aes Ans, sixes are & Ans. x+¢ 9. Ie @=2+4j—-& and 531-2) +6 are perpendicular to = sine = 2 inet y a Perper 3 each other, then = 3 a Ans, 4=-2 oi TA > a= sin($-sie's) 10. The projection of @=7+3]+£ along b= 27-3} +66 is___ _ s ; int safe MES = sin Fos sin“ x)—cos Zin (in-*x) iB i ptr 8, im ts 4x = ¥BY1- x? ~x, 5x= Vay? = x = 31-2) = 28223 3 if = Be ng (3, 2 > * 857 ~ Si sin'ein™ ip Hences= 2/8 (a5 x>0 given) 1p ‘Thus x= 18 {s the solution of given equation. 12. Using properties of determinants, prove that lb+c cta asdl fa b a+r rep ptqi=2lp q o| tz 24x xtyf ir y Jb+e cta a+b) Ans. Let A=|q+r r+p p+q| cos +sin 3 toon? —sin years ey = Sel Saag Using Cy» C, +C,+C, we get Aarbee) ca atbl larbse cra abl A=Piptg+e) rtp prada lpsger rep pq Ktyte) zt xtu) letyse cox roy Using C, + C,~C, and C, + C,—C,, we get : aes! of anil : | fafa [octet 474 @ NCERT Exenptar Prosuems MarHemancs-XIl SAMPLE QuesTiON PAPER SeT= El 475 atbec ~b —¢ lptatr -9 —F| reytz -y -2| Using C, > C, + C,+C, and taking (-1) common from both C, and C,. a2 lab dl P97 ky 7 13. Discuss the continuity of the function f given by Soe) = Ix# 114 lx# 21 aty=—1and x=-2, ‘Ans. Case 1: When x<—2 lee 1+ lx+21 fe = e+1)-@+2)=-24-3 Case 2: When -2<<=1 fe)=—e-14r+2=1 Case 3: When x2—1 ft)=x+ 1442-2043 [-2x-3 when x<-2 fx) = A-2| 1 when -2sx<-1 2x43 when x2-1 Now, LHS.atx=~2, lim fl2)= lim (-2x-3)=4-3=1 RHS.atxe=2 lim, f(s)= lim 1=1 Also, f(-2) = |-2+11 + 1-242) = [11+ 101-1 Thus, tim f(2)= f(-2)= im, f(x) = The function fis continuous at x =~2, Now, LHS.atx=-1, lim f(x)= lim 1=1 oer PT (2x+3)=1 a ‘Thus RHS.atx =-1, Also, f(-1) = 1-1+ Thus; tim. f(a)= im = f(-2) = The function is continuous at x =—1 Hence, the given function is continuous at both the points x=~1 and x=~2, 476 @ NCERT Exeupvar Prostes Mariewarics—XIl 14. Ifx=2cos 6 ~ cos 20 and y= 2sin 6 - sin 26, find at o=5. Ans. x=2 cos 0—cos20 and y=2sin 0-sin20 30 (2 -2sin 2 sin( 2 ota %ein( = 205 sin ® zg Differentiating both sides w.rt. x, we get @y 3.230 de 3 238 1 ae 2 ae 2 2 2fgin20 = sind) 2 pet Mya ds Bsa ise a2 a8 8 BED mE os Bain? Thos £F a0 F i Sed Boe = 22, oR Itxfity+yJiFx =0, prove thar 2 =1 dx (1+x7 where—1

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