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  • Prokaryotes Vs Eukaryotes

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    Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have differences in DNA replication, transcription, and translation. [1] DNA replication in prokaryotes initiates at a single origin with regulated initiation, while eukaryotes have thousands of origins and initiation factors. [2] Transcription in prokaryotes uses one RNA polymerase with a sigma factor for gene expression control, while eukaryotes have RNA polymerases I, II, and III. [3] Translation in prokaryotes uses 70S ribosomes and Shine-Delgarno sequences, while eukaryotes use 80S ribosomes, methyl-G capping, poly-A tails, and multiple initiation factors.

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    Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

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    Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have differences in DNA replication, transcription, and translation. [1] DNA replication in prokaryotes initiates at a single origin with regulated initiation, while eukaryotes have thousands of origins and initiation factors. [2] Transcription in prokaryotes uses one RNA polymerase with a sigma factor for gene expression control, while eukaryotes have RNA polymerases I, II, and III. [3] Translation in prokaryotes uses 70S ribosomes and Shine-Delgarno sequences, while eukaryotes use 80S ribosomes, methyl-G capping, poly-A tails, and multiple initiation factors.

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    22 views2 pages

    Prokaryotes Vs Eukaryotes

    Uploaded by

    metzlogan8470
    Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have differences in DNA replication, transcription, and translation. [1] DNA replication in prokaryotes initiates at a single origin with regulated initiation, while eukaryotes have thousands of origins and initiation factors. [2] Transcription in prokaryotes uses one RNA polymerase with a sigma factor for gene expression control, while eukaryotes have RNA polymerases I, II, and III. [3] Translation in prokaryotes uses 70S ribosomes and Shine-Delgarno sequences, while eukaryotes use 80S ribosomes, methyl-G capping, poly-A tails, and multiple initiation factors.

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    Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

    DNA OriC Thousands of origins (ARS)


    replication Initiation (regulated) ARS = ORC + ABF
    Helicase Helicase
    SSB RPA (~SSB)
    Topoisomerase I Topoisomerase I/II
    Gyrase (topo II) RNase H (~DNA pol I)
    Primase DNA pol (initiate, primase)
    DNA pol I (fill gap & remove DNA pol (repair)
    primer) DNA pol (Mt.)
    DNA pol II (repair) DNA pol (~pol III, lag)
    DNA pol III (most of syn) DNA pol (~pol III, lead)
    Ligase Ligase
    Termination sequences Kinases start DNA rep Rep S-
    phase
    Pol complex (/+PCNA+RFC)
    Telomerase
    TSC No primer Initiation factors
    First level of gene exp. Control RNA pol I (nucleolus, 45S
    RNA pol (only 1) rRNA)
    Core enzyme + factor RNA pol II (mRNA & miRNA)
    No proofreading RNA pol III (5S rRNA & tRNA)
    Promoter site (Pribnow) Promoter site
    -35 TTGACA TATA box @ -30 (~-10)
    -10 TATAAT Core factors: TF2A, TF2B
    Topoisomerase (I & II) TF2D = TBP & TAFs
    Rho dep/ind termination TF2H (helicase & kinase)
    Excision repair
    Polyadenylation
    CPSF & CstF
    TSL 50S + 30S = 70S 60S + 40S = 80S
    Polycistronic mRNAs Monocistronic mRNAs
    Shine Delgarno Seq. (purine Methyl-Gcap & poly A tail
    rich) 9 total eIFs
    IF1, IF2, IF3 (2,2B,3,4A,4B,4E,4G,5,6)
    fMet-tRNAfMet Met-tRNAiMet
    EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G eEF-1a, eEF-1b, eEF-2
    RF1 (UAA, UAG), RF2 (UAA, UGA), eRF-1, eRF-3
    RF3

    RNA-dependent DNA pol reverse transcriptase


    Retroviruses, no proof reading, error prone

    Mt DNA rep bootlace model


    Includes complementary tRNA & mRNA to hybridize to the template
    lagging strand
    Mt TSC
    Codes 13 proteins, 3 promoters, polycistronic transcripts tRNA rRNA
    mRNA

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