Rocket Lab By Parker Kvenvold For Mr Mendes’ Physi Classabstract The lb was peformad over two weeks on thre diferent ack using thee diferent types of engines. he drag force was calculated, alongwith average trut ofeach engine, and how high each rocket would go depending onthe engine used during each launch. An Exel spread sheet was used 352 quick caleultor or he predicted heights. eau: Roaletingne Used Predicted Wage metan] | Actual Height meter) (Reaisiee R80 Red/Siv- 65 ® 3 158 108 —— 38 2 ek uu7 76 ReajVelow- C6 a0 147 Sal white AS 34 37 Introduction ‘The purpose this ab was performed wast soli the concept of physics learned througout the tie spent in ass. Concepts such as Rema and dynamics were used nthe caleulatons. ineraves iste study of motion without the question of why that motions happening, Things suchas final velocity, eit, acceleration are explored in kinematics. n names, the question of why mation happening s once again reappearing in calculations from the study of kinematics ‘Also, impulse isa term usd often in physics when discussing motion and momentum Impulse is simply fore by time. Moment is mass by veloc. However momentum ot the same as energy. “This every important ta understand. lz the thecrem aocatd with impulse and momento isthe See AG) Tomat C3 Bere ECO 308 Be tT ely-%, ! 7 garqenn CORD Dray re T=rag Force Incr to find the drag force on rocket tobe launched, the rocket in question wes placed nega wind tunnel. ach ses of the tunel hada srt of honeycomb design on tt elp the wind be more laminar er smooth s opposed to turbulent, which could possible make sults essacerate, Azo, the design ofthe tunel allows the arto be pulled by placing a fanon the opposte end allows the are less turbulent onthe rocket sit passes through and over. font, the rocket was suspended roma sting attached the ‘ocala te drag coo ronal the top, an observer was placed onthe side the tunnel to record was ang! rr rad ninety degrees, when the wd started, the angle changed For example, ifthe ange readas 110 70, $0, 20 degrees would be used protector se being spayed. Though the protect ‘he angle used in eakuations woud be the dflerence n angles. Wihen the wind sated he actual age used would be: 11090= 2 (ge eg sway [5 ‘Average 55 degrees she average sped the wind wa lowing at was approximately 120 etars/scond and the mass of ‘trrovke being meavored was 61 grams or 051 Klos. To find thea esstancean the rocket, the cheat: Fey, however the equation hast unknowns with the caren data ensured second auation wor derived to hep calculate the dg coetient.Acie? ‘ t Ln Sak a were eere 7g Tete it Seog Tees = foe + ~Fol +4 Sme=o 4a Hot %y Ba urs ro the data: 4 DGB x tan 33 = Axe “Te constant thats given, 47204, can now be used inthe origina equation Fyrh"v to get the amount of 85, and with significant ures, that ounds to 7.So, tcan he concluded thatthe rocket sof ‘experiences about seven Newtons of arrsstance, Regelow reafsner Saal wits Drag coatiens 0008 0007 0003 its importantto note Wat a eastance and drag force are enremely Imports Whe ceaperiment had made estimates without drag fore, the rocker height estimate would continue t 0 UP {nto the thousonés of meters which wouldve been extremely inaccurate. Also, the drag coefficient for the red/sver rocket was simply a estimate beteen.0006and.0007. The resus may dferlrzey ‘Thrust nasis Inert calelte whet kind af engine we were dealing with oF how to calculate any mage rocket engine isimportantte know what each ofthe eumbers onan engine dasifcation means. € —] J 108 x Is 25NB [swehe leter isthe delay time onthe acet, and the numbers accompanying itis the average thst the Average thus i transition for area under the cute, bacaue the graph of he force given rom the rocket would have Force on the-art seconds onthe ais. These variables are given from the equation for impute: Iop*or nF. ‘The experiment to fir he impulse went a5 folows. An unknown rocket engine was pace nto ‘acer ona ack that was paced again a gta fore gauge Aso, a wite wit phosphorous onthe endof twas placed inside with he engine and capped so couldnt spout Ths wie was connected toa batery which, when tunes on, send a pulse of erty which would ent te engine come lunch ‘ume. Hooked up tothe dita force recorder, was a caleultor, whlch was eading afew Newtors, because the rack thatthe cart was siting on Was paced sightly angled downward, so the cart was Slight pressing against the sensor. The caleuator was zeroed out on he calculator, so that his slg fore was nelle. An alo, the clelator ‘ae programmed to record evry. ofa secon When came time ouch the calclotor was et to tgger, mearingthatit ‘would weit unt there was an actu force to measure before recording data ‘ter the engine was igtes and buried, te data was anatzed On the Sensor, because it was eto record both 3 pusing and pulng ore, the pushing force was negate, so the graph recorded was negative eee, Gebel owaver, the data recorded inthe experiment wast’ completely accurate Because the cat hat help the engine taf fl off the track mesrng that otal the force Being exerted was beng splayed on the Senso oF gta recorde. [ime aaa (ee OC [Rewions'o —[3 [eo li0a [33 _Tas-[a7[as[as [ea [33[o [0]‘ha calculator was tragered at 30 seconds, and recorded 2.30 Newton force From 3001.30 seconds, the engine fred, 130-40» 10 seconds, beng the range of eur axis. To find the ares under the cure, points on the curve ae divided into rectangles. The height of each rectangle was multiplied by Because that was atthe data point ware recorded by. Once athe rectangle aren ace caleulated the aes ofthe curve can be clelated by ding al ateae together, and getting an approximate area forthe curve ‘he area under the curve forthe experimental data was apooximatey 49 W/second wh Signfean figures, that rounds out to about 5.0. So, 50 becomes our average thrust. So, now the eter ofthe engine must be caluated. As stats before, the ockt force was recorded fom. 30 second to 1.30 seconds 130-3210 second. So, to get the letter, the average trust vided by the time covers wileve the amount of Newtons per second. so/L0-sonis a 3 © ZEN SB ON ‘The 8 engine ends up being the doses. tea now be deduced thatthe engine beng tested wana 65 engine. However, te label read a 6. This error canbe contibuted to theft that the cart used to measure fore, a started before, el of the track andl conduct the fll force tothe recorder. Numerical Model In order to know how high the rocket being launched, which is very imporant to know for safety reasons, many calculations must be done. This may be tedious, but i's quite necessary Firs off, ts necessary to know which engine and what rocket is being used. Several combinations canbe applied to the range ofboth rockets and engines being used, For example, there is going tbe adiference in a larger rocket with a smaller engine, than a smaller rocket with he same engine, For the experiment, two regular sized rockets (bots having diferent, ‘masses with thre different engines were used long witha smaller rocket which was tested with smaller 1/243 engine. roe body diagram of a rocket after launch:Inorderto calculate the height forthe frst .1 of seoon, the thrust of the engine must be ‘known, Data forthe thrust ean be found on the website of the engine's manufacturer, The thrust ven on C5 engine in the first. second is 6.0 Newtons. To get the average thrust we simply take the previous and present data number and average them. The previous dats point was 220, ‘because zero time elapsed and also zero force was exerted because the engine wasnt ignited yet. So, the average thrust is 3.0 Newtons “The next thing that noods tobe calculated would be the inital an final velocity for time 1 seconds, In order todo this, te data from 0.0 seconds is necessary. Th initial and final ‘velocity ofthe rocket at 0.0 seconds was 0 meters/second, meaning the initial velocity of 1 seconds i also 0 meterssecond, Before final velocity can be solved for, average net force must ‘be determined, Ths ean be done through the equation: Thrustgeaye—mg-Forecang Beample ita forte Red/Yelow Reka wth C6 engine beaded drag ore cement: 10" Net ore gee” 6040.063K19.8)48°10 Net Foreegvage "238 Forthe average impulse, te net fore can be set find the average net impulse Net orcequot Fre alot) sample 1 Continued Net Foroeipis2.38"(1-0)Net Foroeignte 238 ‘To continue to calculate the heigh, the next step would be to calculate the drag force. ‘Multiplying the designated dag coeicient foreach rocket bythe velocity ofthe previous final velocity and squaring that, will revel the drag force being excrtod onthe rocket asi accelerates ‘To continue the daa for 1, the previous velocity was et 0.0 seconds, therefore, there was 0 velocity measured, Again the drag coefficient i 4°10%, so the equation, Foreeeay~King"¥elosity, can be used, xanple [Contoued Fouen(4* 109440)? Fan After the drag force is Found, final veloity can be found, The equation for ial velocity is: (iro tVmass. 042.38" 1.063" 3.78 Final velocity: 3.78 metesseeond So, to conclude tothe final stp, the final height equation canbe found through ll of these steps, withthe equations that have been wsed to derive che different numbers used, The final equation forte height is: (eights VelOClY neue"). ‘To find the average velocity, the inital and final velocities are multiplied together and then divided by to. Example L Continued Intl helght: 0 meters ‘average velocity: 1.89 m/s ‘Change in times second {ometes+1.89 meters/second” 2} Final Height ‘secause the velocity and thrust are constant changhg throughout the launch, tis process must be completed every 1 ofa Second, because tis a station that cannot be solved analyticalFor this particular rocker, the maximum beight ended up being about 240 meters Rocket Engine Used Wredcia Weigh fates) : eave AS 30 Ree/Sver 85 38 Red/Sver 6 158 Reg/ellow 38 ea/Yllow- 86 a7 Rea/relow- cS] 260 Smal White AD 34 ‘Once agein, th height preditions may be a Tor he redjaver rocket, Because of he Yak ak itwasa simple guess. The coefcent used was.0007, however fithad been 000, the rocket wouldve predictably gone to 168 meters witha C6 engine So, thes estimates could aso haveifferet effets on allof the ocets that were simply existed ge Resuts For the fight each rocket was tested with her respected engines. n order tocaleulste how high each rocket went, tree observers ware placed ity meters away from the rocket launch st with protractor, When the rockets ware launched, each observer would align thelr protractor withthe rocket anda it ascended, they woul flow the rocket up and get the recorded ane, ow Tre observers were placed fr more accuracy, but lo to get an average angle foreach of he launenesAnge T [Angie [Angle [Average | Newsured —— Prodiied Tiss [os [= | _|B a Ww as Row PAS «dS 76 i B6 i 7 3 vaa3 Rasher pre @ w Be Ravan [pa [oS TF ai 5 Kasra pT BS «LH 18 Te 6 havo |S SSO ca at se rockets were lighted by way ofthe same phosphorous coated wires and bettors that sean dove in ake average test exert, As, 2salpec of lame extant paper was ple eee vers cogne so thatthe parachute that was ins the rocket woud cach on fr when he vtpe es gates Once te average ane was cated, hee angles oud be ued alr the re ct the aeage hei ofthe obserers were acuta be about 15 meters above he trea to this mus be 2460810 te equation. Te equation use: (sstancertanGr-5= Re however the resus fom the launch were slighty inaccurate, de to few factors, such 2s he weather Te dy ofthe launch, te sky was dou, mening hat some observers could t neces weethc acetal times As, some ofthe rockets curvedon throu up, meaning te rocket novi’ go as high ast would #ithad gone straight UPConelasion “Angle T | Angle? [Angle3 | Aveage | Measured | Preise RedSiner [FSW] 30— a 0 as Reavalow [TT ) 68 30] 6 76 17 86 Taal Wee | [Psa F 3 eas Weisner erase w w B6 ReaVelow [SI [TT 1a aa cs Raising fe [7s] Tor Tos Te F RedVolow [SSS 5 as Some ofthe predictions made were euite accurate, such a5 he resver rocket with an AB engine wed and when the 86 engine was sed. This means thatthe estimate dag force coffient ‘may have been closer than expacte with some ofthe ockets that wer’ ae close tothe predicted height, there arefatrsthat could've fluenced. Such asthe lout, ich could have inated the sight ofthe observers, the fact that some ofthe rockets curved in hear intend of going traght upInthe future, actualy calling the dag coeficents for each rocket might lead to more sccurat presiios, end also wating for clearer day to test the pedctions given, For mere accurate ‘angles the use ofmore than three observers woul assed that ide, Retlection ‘Oveal | elly enjoyed ths nb, because it was so hands on and taught me that some things learmin school cn setualy be used in real ite, However, that's the case with most things in physics lass. This is probably my fevrt ab and cas a hispont, however being absent of ore day Wasa nightmare, due wo the fact t's hard to replat day when we have to hury trough the progress and get tothe chase | understand why we must dots, butts ed earned aot about how important drag forces to objets, because we justignore that de, ‘han our results woul ve been completely inaccurate. t's kind of ray ta think about how much thet aft est