NEPALESE CIVIL AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS

SECTION C
MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER C.6 ISSUE 1
SEPTEMBER 1982

WEIGHT AND BALANCE

1. GENERAL

1.1 This chapter defines terms to be used for aircraft weight and balance, prescribes
when Nepalese aircraft shall be weighed, the methods and conditions for weighing
aircraft and the persons who may certify weighing.

1.2 The Director General may approve other weighing procedures and periods than
those prescribed in this chapter if they will ensure an equivalent standard of
weight and balance control.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1 ARM - Also known as 'moment am' or 'lever'. This is the horizontal
distance in centimeters or inches from the datum to the centre of an item. The
algebraic sum is plus (+) if measured aft of the datum and minus (-) if measured
forward of the datum.

2.2 BALANCE - An aircraft is in balance when its centre of gravity falls with the
prescribed C.G. range.

2.3 CENTRE OF GRAVITY (C.G.) - This is a point about which the nose-heavy
and tail-heavy moments are exactly equal in magnitude. If an aircraft were
suspended from its C.G., it would have no tendency to pitch in either direction. It
may be expressed in percentage of mean aerodynamic chord (MAC) or in
centimeters or inches from the reference datum.

2.4 CENTRE OF GRAVITY LIMITS - These are the most forward and most
rearward C.G. positions at which an aircraft may be operated. C.G. limits are
prescribed on the Type Certificate and in the Flight Manual.

2.5 DATUM - The datum is an imaginary vertical plane or line from which all
horizontal measurements for balance are taken with the aircraft in a level flight
attitude. The datum for each aircraft type is established by the manufacturer and is
given in the Flight Manual.

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NCAR, Chapter C.6 Issue 1, September, 1982
Amendment 1, March 2002
 2.6 EMPTY WEIGHT - The empty weight of an aircraft consists of the weight of
the airframe, powerplant, fixed ballast, equipment which is listed in the Equipment
List, unusable fuel, full oil and total capacities of system fluids, except fuel.

2.7 EMPTY WEIGHT C.G. - The Empty Weight C.G. is the centre of gravity of an
aircraft in its Empty Weight condition.

2.8 EMPTY WEIGHT C.G. RANGE - This is defined by fore and aft limits given
as distance from the datum. When the aircraft is empty, the C.G. position must fall
within this range to ensure that the C.G. will fall within the range prescribed for
flight when the aircraft is loaded under standard loading conditions.

2.9 FULL OIL - This is the quantity of oil shown on the Type Certificate Data Sheet
as the oil capacity for the aircraft type. This includes the residual oil left in the
system when the oil is drained.

2.10 MOMENT - A moment is the product of a weight and its arm. The moment of an
item about the datum is obtained by multiplying the weight of the item by the
horizontal distance from the datum.

2.11 STANDARD DENSITIES - For weighing purposes fuel and oil may be assumed
to have the following standard densities:

Gasoline 6.0 lb (2.77 kg.) per U.S. gallon

7.2 lb (3.26 kg.) per Imp. gallon
0.72 kg. (1.58 lb) per litre

Kerosene 6.7 lb (3 kg.) per U.S. gallon

8.0 lb (3.6 kg.) per Imp. gallon
0.8 kg. (1.76 lb) per litre

Oil 7.5 lb (3.4 kg.) per U.S. gallon

9.0 lb (4.08 kg.) per Imp. gallon
0.89 kg. (1.96 lb) per litre

2.12 TARE WEIGHT - Tare weight is the weight of the tackle necessary to weigh an
aircraft (trestles, chocks, jacks, etc.) which is registered by the weighing
equipment but is not part of the aircraft Empty Weight. Tare must be subtracted
from the scale readings to obtain the actual weight of the aircraft.

2.13 UNDRAINABLE OIL - This is the oil, sometimes known as "residual oil",
which remains in the engine and engine oil system, after the oil system has been
drained with all cocks open.

2.14 UNUSABLE FUEL - The unusable fuel is the quantity declared as such in the
Flight Manual or the Type Certificate Data Sheet. This should be the quantity left
in the fuel tanks when the fuel quantity gauges read zero in the level flight
position.
2.15 WEIGHING - Whenever an aircraft is weighed, the Empty Weight is measured
and the C.G. position is calculated.

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NCAR, Chapter C.6 Issue 1, September, 1982
Amendment 1, March 2002
 2.16 WEIGHING POSITION - This is the position specified by the manufacturer in
which the aircraft must be weighed. Usually, but not always, it necessitates
levelling the fuselage so that the longitudinal and lateral axes are horizontal.

3. WEIGHING EQUIPMENT

3.1 Aircraft shall be weighed only with equipment of a type and capacity suitable for
the loads to be weighed.

Note: Small aircraft may be weighed with weighbridges but large aircraft are usually
weighed with electronic weighing sets. The latter must have a capacity rating suitable
for the size of aircraft.

3.2 The weighing equipment must be in good condition and have been certified as
accurate by a competent person within the previous 24 months or as specified by
the manufacture of the weighing equipment to be used. If electronic weighing
equipment is used, the zero setting must be checked before weighing begins.

3.3 All equipment used for jacking or levelling an aircraft during weighing must be
accurate, in good condition and of the correct capacity for the particular aircraft.

4. WEIGHING PROCEDURE

4.1 If the aircraft manufacturer prescribes a particular weighing procedure for an

aircraft type, that procedure shall be followed except that the Director General
may approve an alternative procedure if satisfied that it will produce results of
equal accuracy.

4.2 If no weighing procedure is prescribed by the manufacturer, the appropriate

procedure in Chapter 13 of F.A.A. Advisory Circular AC 43.13-1A., subject to
any amendments necessitated by the provisions of this chapter, shall be used.

Note: Additional guidance on weight and balance procedure may be obtained from F.A.A.,
publication AC 91-23A, Pilot's Weight and Balance Handbook, and from the U.K.
C.A.A. publication, Civil Aircraft Inspection Procedures.

4.3 An aircraft may only be weighed inside a closed building on a level surface.

4.4 Before weighing commences the aircraft must be in the Empty Weight Condition
with full oil system but only unusable fuel in the fuel system unless otherwise
specified by the manufacturer. All removable equipment of fixed location to be
included in the Empty Weight shall be in position and be listed in the Empty Weight
Equipment List. All other removable equipment shall be removed before weighing.

4.5 Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the aircraft must be levelled
longitudinally and laterally. When load cells are used, the jacks and load cells must
be truly vertical.

4.6 Weighing shall proceed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions or, as the
case may be, the procedure in AC 43.13-1A, under the supervision of a person
appropriately licensed or approved by the Director General.

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NCAR, Chapter C.6 Issue 1, September, 1982
Amendment 1, March 2002
 4.7 The Empty Weight and Empty Weight C.G. position shall be determined from the
results of two consecutive and independent weighings. The load shall be completely
removed from the weighing equipment between each weighings. If the difference
between the first two weighings exceeds 0.2 percent of the mean weight or 10.00
kg., whichever is the greater, further weighings shall be performed until the results
of two consecutive and independent weighings agree within that tolerance.

5. WEIGHING PERIODS

5.1 All aircraft shall be weighed to determine the Empty Weight and Empty Weight
C.G. before initial issue of a Nepalese Certificate of Airworthiness, except that the
Director General may exempt a particular aircraft if he is satisfied that the Empty
Weight and Empty Weight C.G. are given accurately by a recent Weight and
Balance Report issued by the manufacturer or by the Airworthiness Authority of
the State from which the aircraft was exported.

5.2 All Nepalese aircraft shall be weighed at intervals not exceeding five years or as
specified by the aircraft manufacturer at a time when the Certificate of
Airworthiness is due for renewal.

5.3 An aircraft shall be re-weighed after extensive modification or repair and

whenever the Director General considers it should be reweighed in the interest of
safety.

6. EMPTY WEIGHT CHANGES

6.1 Each time a component, or an equipment with a fixed location, is added, removed
or repositioned in an aircraft, and whenever an aircraft is modified or repaired,
any changes in the Empty Weight or Empty Weight C.G. must either be calculated
or be checked by re-weighing.

6.2 Each change of Empty Weight and Empty Weight C.G. shall be recorded by the
certifying engineer in the aircraft logbook and in the Flight Manual.

7. CERTIFICATION

7.1 Each time an aircraft is weighed, and Aircraft Weight and Balance Report (see
Appendix-2) shall be completed and certified. The Weight and Balance Report
shall be inserted in the logbook so that it cannot easily be removed.

7.2 The certifying person is also responsible for completion of the Empty Weight
Equipment List and must ensure that this accurately defines the condition of the
aircraft at the time of weighing.

7.3 Whenever a new Weight and Balance Report is issued, the certifying person shall
also issue a new Flight Manual Weight and Balance Supplement (see Appendix-1)
as prescribed in Chapter E.4.

7.4 The signature of the certifying person on the Aircraft Weight and Balance Report
and the addition of his licence or approval number and the date constitutes a
Certificate of Compliance as required by Chapter C.2.

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NCAR, Chapter C.6 Issue 1, September, 1982
Amendment 1, March 2002
 7.5 Only a person holding Licence in Category 'A' with a rating for the aircraft type,
or a person holding approval issued by the Director General to do so, may certify
an aircraft Weight and Balance Report.

Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal.

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NCAR, Chapter C.6 Issue 1, September, 1982
Amendment 1, March 2002
Form C.6.1 Appendix-
1

CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF NEPAL

FLIGHT MANUAL FOR 9N-...

WEIGHT ND BALANCE SUPPLEMENT

Aircraft Type : ..

1. The Empty Weight includes unusable fuel and items in the Empty Weight Equipment List.

2. Changes caused by the installation or removal of equipment since the last weighing are
shown in the Equipment Changes List.

3. The data required for loading is:

EMPTY WEIGHT ( Equipment changes) ......kg. (...... lb.)

DISTANCE OF EMPTY WEIGHT C.G.

AFT/FORWARD OF DATUM . m. (..ins.)

MOMENT ..kg./m. ( lb/ins.)

Note: This takes account of information from following page.

4. This page is to be changed whenever the aircraft is reweighed or equipment is installed or

removed.

Date: . Signature: Licence No.:

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NCAR, Chapter C.6 Issue 1, September, 1982
Amendment 1, March 2002
Form C.6.2 Appendix-
1

CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF NEPAL

9N-

EMPTY WEIGHT EQUIPMENT LIST

Equipment Installed at Weighing Quantity

AIRCRAFT LAST WEIGHED

Date: .. Signature: . Licence No.:

This sheet is to be changed whenever the aircraft is reweighed.

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NCAR, Chapter C.6 Issue 1, September, 1982
Amendment 1, March 2002
Form C.6.3 Appendix-
1

CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF NEPAL

9N-

EQUIPMENT CHANGE LIST

Items Installed or Removed Since Last Weighing Plus Minus

WEIGHT CHANGE CALCULATED

Date: .. Signature: .. Licence No.:

This sheet to be added, and Page 1 changed, whenever equipment is installed or removed.
Previous sheets must be retained until next reweight.

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NCAR, Chapter C.6 Issue 1, September, 1982
Amendment 1, March 2002
Form C.6.2 Appendix-2
CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF NEPAL
AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE REPORT
Aircraft Registration No.: ..... Aircraft Type: ... Report Ref. No. .
1. The above aircraft was weighed at .. on .//200... by
Last calibrated on //200by.....

using .. weighing equipment Serial No.
2. Reason for weighing ..
3. The aircraft was weighed in Empty Weight condition as detailed overleaf and the weighing position was

4. The Owner's/Operator's cumulative record of Weight and Balance changes due to modifications, repairs, and alterations incorporated has been
examined and found satisfactory.
Table 1
1 2 3 4
Wheel or Jack Point Scale Reading Tare weight Net weight
(kg) (lb) (kg) (lb) (kg) (lb)
Left main
Right main
Total both =W
Nose or tail =w
Total as weighed =W+w
Table 2
1 2 3 4 5
Item Description Net weight Arm Moment
(kg) (lb) (cm) (ins.) (kg.cm.) (lb. ins.)
(i) Nett weight (W + w)
(ii) Oil in aircraft
(iii) Total items weighed but not part of Empty Weight
(iv) Total of items forming part of Empty but not weighed
(v) Empty Weight aircraft
Form C.6.2 Appendix-2
 EQUIPMENT LIST

The following items of equipment are included in the Empty Weight figure given in the Weight and Balance Supplement of the Flight Manual.

Removable Equipment with Fixed Location Quantity Removable Equipment with Fixed Location Quantity
Installed at Weighing Installed at Weighing

The information required for entry in the loading data is as follows:

Empty Weight = .. kg. (lb)
Distance of Empty Weight C.G. aft/forward of datum = cm. (in.)
Moment = kg. cm. (lb. ins.)

I hereby certify that, in carrying out the Weight and Balance inspection specified above, all the conditions and requirements of Nepalese Civil
Airworthiness Requirements, Chapter C.6 have been completed.

Signed: ... Licnece or Approval No.: Date: ...//200

When completing this form, follow the appropriate procedure given in Nepalese Civil Aviation Requirements and insert it in the aircraft logbook.
Insert new pages in the aircraft Flight Manual Weight and Balance Supplement required by Nepalese Civil Aviation Requirements

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NCAR, Chapter C.6 Issue 1, September 1982
Amendment 1, March 2002