SYLLABUS FOR CIVIL PROCEDURE

Atty. Victor Y. Eleazar

Introduction/Jurisdiction

I. General Principles

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, 2007 Ed., pp. 1-69

Note the following: RA 8371
RA 9285 and RA876
PD 1508 and RA 7610 (Katarungang
Pambarangay)

A. Concept of remedial law

B. Substantive law as distinguished from remedial
law
C. Rule-making power of the Supreme Court

Sec. 5, Article VIII, 1987 Constitution

1. Limitations on the rule-making power of the

Supreme Court

Sec. 2, Article VIII, 1987 Constitution

Sec. 30, Article VI, 1987 Constitution
Fabian v. Desierto, G.R. No. 129742, September 16,
1998, 295 SCRA 470
Kuizon v. Desierto, G.R. No. 140619-24, March 9, 2001,
354 SCRA 158
Baviera v. Zoleta, G.R. No. 1609098, October 12, 2006,
504 SCRA 280
Morales v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 217126-27,
November 10, 2015

2. Power of the Supreme Court to amend and

suspend procedural rules

Echegaray v. The Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 132601,

January 19, 1999 Resolution, 301 SCRA 96
In re: Petition for Recognition of the Exemption of the
GSIS from Payment of Legal Fees, A.M. No. 08-2-01-0,
February 11, 2010
Neypes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141524,
September 14, 2005, 469 SCRA 633
Pinga v. Heirs of German Santiago, G.R. No. 170354,
June 30, 2006, 494 SCRA 393
Morales v. Court of Appeals
Date of last revision: 16 January 2017

 3. Power to suspend procedural rules

Commission of Internal Revenue v. Mirant Pagbilao

Corp., G.R. No. 159593, October 12, 2006, 504 SCRA
484
Sarmiento v. Zaratan, G.R. No. 167471, February 5,
2007, 514 SCRA 246
McBurnie v. Ganzon, G.R. No. 178034 & 178117,
October 17, 2013

4. Retroactivity of procedural rules

Go v. Sunbanun, G.R. No. 168240, February 9, 2011

5. Basic principles in jurisdiction

a. Principle of the exercise of equity

jurisdiction

Poso v. Mijares, A.M. RTJ-02-1693, August 21, 2002, 387

SCRA 485
Rubio v. Alabata, G.R. No. 203947, February 26, 2014

b. Elements of jurisdiction

c. Classes of jurisdiction

D. Nature of Philippine courts

1. Meaning of a court
2. Court as distinguished from a judge
3. Classification of Philippine courts
4. Courts of original and appellate jurisdiction
5. Courts of general and special jurisdiction
6. Constitutional and statutory courts
7. Courts of law and equity
8. Principle of judicial hierarchy

Castro v. Carlos, G.R. No. 194944, April 16, 2013

Dy v. Bibat-Palmos, G.R. No. 196200, September 11,
2013
The Diocese of Bacolod v. Comelec, G.R. No. 205728,
January 21, 2015

9. Doctrine of non-interference or doctrine of

judicial
stability

2
 Yadno v. Anchales, G.R. No. 174582, October 11, 2012
Spouses Crisologo v. Judge Omelio, A.M. No. RTJ-12-
2321, October 2012
Compare with Tan v. Cinco, G.R. No. 213054, June 15,
2016
Del Rosario v. Ocampo-Ferrer, G.R. No. 215348, June 20,
2016

10. Doctrine of non-interference in Associations

II. Jurisdiction

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 70-366

BP 129, as amended
Locsin v. Nissan Lease Phils. Inc., G.R. No. 185567,
October 20, 2010
Civil Service Commission v. Andal, G.R. No. 185749,
December 16, 2009

A. Jurisdiction over the parties

1. How jurisdiction over the plaintiff is acquired
2. How jurisdiction over the defendant is
acquired
3. Compare with Criminal Procedure

B. Jurisdiction over the subject matter

1. Meaning of jurisdiction over the subject
matter
2. Jurisdiction versus the exercise of jurisdiction
3. Error of jurisdiction as distinguished from
error of judgment
4. How jurisdiction is conferred and determined

Gustilo v. Gustilo, G.R. No. 175497, October 19, 2011,

659 SCRA 619
Republic v. Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila, G.R.
No. 192975, November 12, 2012
Ching v. Rodriguez, G.R. No. 192828, November 28,
2011, 661 SCRA 449
Gonzales v. GJH Land, Inc., G.R. No. 202664, November
10, 2015

5. Doctrine of primary jurisdiction

Merida Waterworks District v. Bacarro, G.R. No. 165993,

September 30, 2008
The Province of Aklan v. Jody King Construction and

3
 Development Corp., G.R. No. 197592 & 202623,
November 27, 2013
Star Special Watchman and Detective Agency Inc. v.
Puerto Princesa City, G.R. No. 181792, April 21, 2014

6. Doctrine of adherence of jurisdiction

Barrameda v. Rural Bank of Canaman Inc., G.R. No.

176260, November 24, 2010

7. Objections to jurisdiction over the subject

matter

Machado v. Gatdula, G.R. No. 156287, February 16,

2010

8. Effect of estoppel on objections to jurisdiction

Kukan International Corp. v. Hon. Reyes, G.R. No.

182729, September 29, 2010

C. Jurisdiction over the issues

D. Jurisdiction over the res or property in litigation
E. Jurisdiction of courts

1. Supreme Court

Sec. 4 (2), Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution

Sec. 5, Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution
Internal Rules of the Supreme Court
-- Rule 2, Sec. 3
-- Rule 2, Sec. 11
-- Rule 2, Sec. 14
-- Rule 3, Sec. 1
-- Rule 3, Sec. 2
-- Rule 3, Sec. 3
-- Rule 10, Sec. 2

Gonzales v. Solid Cement Corp., G.R. No. 198423,

October 23, 2012
Can the Supreme Court be a party to a case? Read:
Supreme Court v. Delgado, A.M. No. 2011-07-SC,
October 4, 2011, 658 SCRA 401
Can you appeal from a decision of a division of the SC to
the SC en banc? Read: Lu v. Lu Ym Sr., February 15,
2011 Resolution

2. Court of Appeals

4
 R.A. No. 8246
2009 Internal Rules of the Court of Appeals
In re: Letter Complaint of Merlita B. Fabiana against
Presiding Justice Andres B. Reyes, Jr., et al., A.M. No. CA-
13-51-J, July 2, 2013
Sec. 9, BP No. 129, as amended
R.A. No. 9160 (AMLA of 2001) as amended by R.A. No.
9194, R.A. No. 10167 and R.A. No. 10365

3. Court of Tax Appeals

RA 9503
RA 1125 as amended by RA 9282
City of Manila v. Judge Cuerdo, G.R. No. 175723,
February 4, 2014 [concept of split jurisdiction vis--vis
concurrent jurisdiction]

4. Sandiganbayan

PD 1606 as amended by RA 8249 and RA 10660;

jurisdiction to issue CPM, HC, and injunction

5. Regional Trial Courts

Jurisdiction of the RTC

In all civil actions in which the subject of the litigation is

incapable of pecuniary estimation

Lu v. Lu Ym Sr., G.R. No. 153690, August 26, 2008

Decision; August 4, 2009 Resolution; February 15, 2011
Resolution
Mijares v. Hon. Ranada, G.R. no. 139325, April 12, 2005
Padlan v. Dinglasan, G.R. No. 180321, March 20, 2013
Ortigas & Co. Ltd. v. Herrera, January 21, 1983
reiterated in Dacasin v. Dacasin, G.R. No. 168785,
February 5, 2010
Ascue v. CA, G.R. No. 84330, May 8, 1991
Villena v. Payoyo, G.R. No. 163021, April 27, 2007
Read Herreras critique on the confusing test in
classification of actions
Miguel v. Montanez, G.R. No. 191336, January 25, 2012,
664 SCRA 345
Saraza v. Francisco, G.R. No. 198718, November 27,
2013
Trayvilla v. Sejas, G.R. No. 204970, February 1, 2016
Sebastian v. Lagmay Ng, G.R. No. 164594, April 22,

5
 2015
Katarungang Pambarangay, Rep. Act No. 7160, Secs.
417 and 418

RTC or Labor courts?

Daichi Electronics Manufacturing v. Villarama, G.R. No.

112940, November 21, 1994
Yusen Air and Sea Service v. Villamor, 467 SCRA 168

RTC or MTC?

Geonzon Vda. de Barrera v. Heirs of Vicente Legaspi,

G.R. No. 174346, September 12, 2008, 565 SCRA 192
Sebe v. Heirs of Veronico Sevilla, G.R. No. 174491,
October 12, 2009
Compare with: Huguete v. Embudo, G.R. No. 149554,
July 1, 2003, 405 SCRA 273
Genesis Investment Inc. v. Heirs of Ceferino Ebarasabal,
G.R. No. 181622, November 20, 2013
Compare with: Russel v. Vestil, 304 SCRA 738
BPI v. Hontanosas, Jr., G.R. No. 157163, June 25, 2014

RTC or HLURB?

Eugenio v. Sta. Monica Riverside Homeowners

Association, G.R. No. 187751, November 22, 2010
Christian General Assembly Inc. v. Ignacio, G.R. No.
164789, August 27, 2009
Phil. Bank of Communications v. Pridisons Realty Corp.,
G.R. No. 155113, January 19, 2013
Geronimo v. Calderon, G.R. No. 201781, December 10,
2014
Banco de Oro Unibank v. Sunnyside Heights
Homeowners Association, G.R. No. 198745, January 13,
2016

RTC or SEC?

GSIS v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 183905 and 184275,

April 16, 2009, 585 SCRA 679
SEC v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 187702 and 189014,
October 22, 2014

SPECIAL COMMERCIAL COURTS

Medical Plaza Makati Condominium Corp. v. Cullen, G.R.

No. 181416, November 11, 2013

6
 Gonzales v. GJH Land, Inc., G.R. No. 202664, November
10, 2015
Concorde Condominium v. Baculio, G.R. No. 203678,
February 17, 2016

Agrarian Disputes?

Enesio v. Tulop, G.R. No. 182923, November 27, 2013

RA 6657, Secs. 50 to 62

In all other cases in which the demand, exclusive of interest

and damages of whatever kind, attorneys fees, litigation
expenses, and cost or the value of the property in
controversy exceeds P300,000 or in such other cases in
Metro Manila where the demand, exclusive of the above-
mentioned items exceed P400,000

Iniego v. Purganan, G.R. No. 166876, March 24, 2006

Sante v. Claravall, G.R. No. 173915, February 22, 2010

6. Family Courts

RA 8369
Republic v. Granada, G.R. No. 187512, June 13, 2012
Republic v. Narceda, G.R. No. 182760, April 10, 2013

7. Metropolitan Trial Courts/Municipal Trial

Courts

RA 7691
Cruz v. Cruz, G.R. No. 172217, September 18, 2009
Bernardo v. Villegas, G.R. No. 183357, March 15, 2010
Quinagoran v. CA, 531 SCRA 104
Cabrera v. Clarin, G.R. No. 215640, November 28, 2016
Cabling v. Dangcalan, G.R. No. 187696, June 15, 2016

8. Shariah Courts

PD 1083
Villagracia v. Fifth Sharia District Court, G.R. No.
188832, April 23, 2014

9. Rules on Summary Procedure

Concept of procedural void: Go v. Court of Appeals, G.R.

No. 128954, October 8, 1988
Teraa v. de Sagun, 587 SCRA 60
Rosales v. Court of Appeals, 200 SCRA 300

7
 10. Rules on Barangay Conciliation

Adm. Circular No. 14-93

Spouses Valdez v. Tabisula, G.R. No. 175510, July 28,
2008

11. Revised Rule on Small Claims Court

A.L. Ang Network Inc. v. Mondejar, G.R. No. 200804,

January 22, 2014

F. Jurisdiction over small claims, cases covered by

the Rules on Summary Procedure and barangay
conciliation

Revised Rules on Summary Procedure

Rules on Barangay Conciliation, Adm. Circular No. 14-93
Rules on Small Claims Court
Orbe v. Gumarang, A.M. No. MTJ-11-1792, September
28, 2011

G. Totality rule

Iniego v. Judge Purganan, G.R. No. 166876, March 24,

2006
Sante v. Claravall, G.R. No. 173915, February 22, 2010

oooOOOooo