Tiu lun

Thit k h thng hin th nhit

, ng thi kt hp u khin
mt s thit b dn dng

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 MC LC

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn..

Li m u..
Phn I: Dn Nhp
t vn .
Mc ch v yu cu.
Gii hn ti.
Phn II. C s l thuyt..
Gii thiu vi x l PIC 16f877A , cm bin nhit LM35, cc IC s
dng trong mch.
Phn III: Thit k v thi cng.
Chng I: Thit k mch
S khi.
Nguyn l hot ng ca cc khi.
S nguyn l.
Chng II: Thi cng mch.
Dng c s dng.
Qu trnh thi cng.

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NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN.

Ch k ca gio vin hng dn:

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 Li M u

Vi s pht trin khng ngng ca khoa hc k thut, c bit l ngnh in

t ng dng rt nhiu trong cng nghip. Trong lnh vc iu khin, t
khi cng ngh ch to loi vi mch lp trnh pht trin em n cc k
thut iu khin hin i c nhiu u im hn so vi vic s dng cc
mch iu khin lp rp bng cc linh kin ri nh kch thc nh, gi thnh
r, lm vic tin cy, cng sut tiu th nh.
Ngy nay, trong lnh vc iu khin c ng dng rng ri trong
cc thit b, sn phm phc v cho nhu cu sinh hot hng ngy ca con
ngi nh cc loi my t ng, ng h bo gi, cc loi n quang bo...
gip cho i sng cu chng ta ngy cng hin i v tin nghi hn. Vi
nhng kin thc hc c trn ging ng, v tm c trong sch v trn
mng Internet, chng em chn ti l thit k h thng hin th nhit ,
ng thi kt hp u khin mt s thit b dn dng.

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 PHN I
Dn Nhp
I. t vn .
Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc v cng ngh, cc thit b in t ,
ang v s tip tc c ng dng ngy cng rng ri v mang li hiu qu
trong hu ht cc lnh vc khoa hc k thut cng nh trong i sng x hi.
Vic gia cng, x l cc tn hiu in t hin i u da trn c s
nguyn l s. V cc thit b lm vic da trn c s nguyn l s c u
im hn hn so vi cc thit b lm vic d trn c s nguyn l tng t,
c bit l trong k thut tnh ton.
S pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh in t cho ra i nhiu vi
mch s c ln vi gi thnh r v kh nng lp trnh cao mang li nhng
thay i ln trong ngnh in t. Mch s dng vi u khin nhng mc
khc nhau ang thm nhp trong cc lnh vc in t thng dng v
chuyn nghip mt cch nhanh chng. Cc trng k thut l ni vi u
khin thm nhp mnh m v c hc sinh, sinh vin a chung do li ch
v tnh kh thi ca n. V th s hiu bit su sc v lp trnh vi u
khin l khng th thiu i vi sinh vin ngnh in t hin nay. Nhu cu
hiu bit v lp trnh v ng dng vi u khin v c bit l vi u khin
PIC vo cuc sng khng ch ring i vi nhng ngi theo chuyn ngnh
in t m cn i vi nhng cn b k thut khc c s dng thit b in
t.
II.Mc ch yu cu.
S cn thit, quan trng cng nh tnh kh thi v li ch ca mch s cng
chnh l l do chn v thc hin n thit k mch hin th nhit
nhm ng dng kin thc hc v k thut mch v k thut s vo thc t.
III. Gii hn ti.
Do u kin cn thiu ti liu cng nh linh kin thi cng mch in
nn nhm thc hin ch thit k mch hin th nhit n gin ,gn nh .

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 PHN II
C SL Thuyt
I.VI U KHIN PIC
I.1.Khi qut
PIC(Programmable Intelligent Computer ) l dng vi iu khin ca
MICROCHIP ang c s dng ph bin trong cc ng dng dn dng v cng
nghip bi nhng c tnh u vit ca n. Hn na vic lp trnh cho PIC li kh
n gin bi s m lnh t, c nhiu cng c h tr lp trnh bng ngn ng cp
cao nh C. Hin ti PIC c cc dng 8bit v 16bit. Trong bo co ny ta quan tm
n PIC 8 bit c th l PIC16F877A - mt vi iu khin vi tt c c trng c
bn ca PIC.
Ti sao dng PIC
Ta tng s dng h 8051 v thy c tnh hu dng ca n qua cc ng
dng c bn, n gin. Tuy nhin i vi cc ng dng phc tp, i hi tc ,
mc tch hp cao th bn thn 8051 kh p ng c ( hoc ta phi u t
thm chi ph cho vic x l ngoi vi,). PIC th khc, hy xem bng so snh sau :
STT Chc nng PIC16F877A AT89C51
1 I/O 5 Ports 4 Ports
2 Flash Memory 8k 4k
3 EEPROM 256bytes -
4 Timer 3 2
5 Interrupts 15 4
6 ADC 8 channel 10 bit -
7 PWM 2 -
8 Comparator 2 -
9 Instruction set 35 >100
10 Truyn thng SUART,I2C,MSSP,PSP UART
Bng II.1: Bng so snh chc nng ca PIC16F877A v AT89C51
Kh nng tch hp cao ca PIC mang li s n gin nhng hiu qu trong
thit k v lp trnh. Tuy vy PIC khng phi l tt c, khi lm mt sn phm, tnh
kinh t l quan trng, s dng loi vi iu khin no mang li hiu qu cao nht l
ty thuc vo ngi thit k.
I.2. Cu trc PIC :
I.2.1 S khi

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*Hnh di y minh ha mt s PIC v s chn PIC16F877A.

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 Hnh II.1 : Mt s IC PIC thng dng

Hnh II.2 : S chn ca pic 16F877A

I/O Ports :
PIC16F877A( gi tt l PIC) c 5Port A,B,C,D,E vi cc c im c bn nh sau

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PORT A:
- 6bit
- I/O
- Ng vo, in p tham chiu cho ADC
- Clock input
PORT B:
- 8bit
- I/O
- Ngt ngoi
PORT C:
- 8bit
- I/O
- CCP/PWM output
- Timer Clock output
- Truyn thng
PORT D:
- 8bit
- I/O
- Truyn thng song song (network)
PORT E:
- 3bit
- Ng vo AD
- Truy xut b nh ngoi(WR/RD)
Timers :
PIC c 3 timer, timer0, timer1, timer2. Tn s Clock ng vo ln nht c
th bng tn s thch anh, tn s xung ng vo timer c th c chia nh hn
bng cu hnh phn mm.
TIMER0/COUNTER
- 8 bit
- C th cu hnh tn s Clock ng vo (prescale)
- S dng Clock t Xtal hoc Clock bn ngoi
- Ngt sy ra khi trn timer ( FFh -00h)
TIMER1/COUNTER1
- 16bit
- Ngt sy ra khi timer trn (FFFFh-0000h)
TIMER2/COUNTER2
- 8bit
- Thng s dng cho hot ng PWM
- C th cu hnh tn s clock ng vo ( prescale)

ADC :
- ADC vi phn gii 10 bit

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 - C th cu hnh tn s chuyn i, knh chuyn i, in p tham chiu
bng phn mm.
- Cu hnh ngt khi chuyn i xong

Hnh II.3 : S cu to cng ADC ca Pic

I.2.2 Cu trc a ch nh v cc thanh ghi

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I.3. Tp lnh PIC:
lp trnh cho PIC, c th chn nhng ngn ng lp trnh khc nhau nh
ASM, CCS C, HT-PIC, pascal, basic,...Khi vit bng CCS C th dch ra
file.hex c di hn so vi khi vit bng ASM. Hai ngn ng CCS C v HT-
PIC c a chung hn c, CCS C d hc, gn gi vi ASM cn HT-PIC
l dng ANSI C.

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II.CM BIN NHIT LM35
Cm bin nhit c tch hp trong IC, l mt tch hp nhn tn hiu nhit
chuyn thnh tn hiu in di dng dng in hay in p. Da vo c tnh rt
nhy cm ca cc bn dn vi nhit ,to ra in p hoc dng in t l thun
vi nhit .o tn hiu in ta bit c gi tr nhit cn o.S tc ng ca
nhit to ra in tch t do v cc l trng trong cht bn dn.Bng s ph v
cc phn t, bc cc electron thnh dng t do di chuyn qua vng cu trc mng
tinh th to s xut hin cc l trng.Lm cho t l in t t do v l trng tng
ln theo quy lut hm m vi nhit .
LM35 L cm bin nhit c th hot ng n 1500c. C tng 10c, in p ra
tng 10mv
Cc tnh cht ca LM35:
+chia trc tip theo 0c
+ chnh xc ban u l 10c
+Tr khng ng <1
+Tm nhit rng, o t 00c150 0c
+Tn bin thin in p ng vi nhit t 01000c l 1v

LM35 c 3 chn. Chn 1(Vs) l chn cp ngun dng Vcc. Chn 2(GND) l chn
ni mass. Chn 3(Vout) l chn xut in p sau khi chuyn i t nhit sang.

III.Gii thiu v cc IC s dng trong mch.

III.1. IC cht d liu 74HC573:
a) i cng:
L vi mch cht d liu c dng trong trng hp mun gi li d liu
cn thit ng ra, dng tit kim cng xut d liu cho vi x l. IC c 8 ng
vo d liu v 8 ng ra xut d liu. Ng vo 3 trng thi c 1 D_flip

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flop cht, lu gi tn hiu. Chn 11 mc cao d liu c truyn qua,
khi chn 11 mc thp th d liu c cht li ra cua IC. Chn OE c
ni mass.
b)Hnh dng v s chn IC74HC573:

Hinh 4:Hnh dng v s chn ca IC 74573

c) S logic v bng trng thi.

Hnh 5: S logic ca IC 74573

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S cu trc ca IC74573, s hot ng ca IC c th hin bng s
tht

Hnh 6: Bng trng thi ca IC74HC573

III.2. IC Hin th led 7segment 7447.

a. i cng
IC 7447 gii m BCD sang m Led 7 on. IC hot ng ta kt ni chn 16 (Vcc) vi
ngun 5 V, chn s 8 vi t. Ng vo c 4 chn l 7,1,2,6 tng ng vi A,B,C,D trong
mc ngha gim dn t A n D. Kt ni cc ng ra A,B,C,D ca IC vi chn out
ca vi x l. Cc chn LT, BI/RBO, RBI khng cn kt ni. Nu ta dng Led 7 on kiu
cathod chung th mi ng ra ca IC 7447 cn kt ni vi cc cng o trc khi n cc
chn ca Led. Gii quyt iu ny bng cch s dng thm IC 7404.D thy IC ny c
tch hp 6 cng o.
b)Hnh dng v s chn IC

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c) S logic v bng trng thi
y l IC kh n gin dng chuyn tn hiu dng s nh phn ng vo sang
m 7 on, d thy IC ny hot ng tch cc mc thp. Do ta c bng chn
thc sau:

BCD inputs Segment outputs

Display
A B C D a b c d e f g
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 4
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 5
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 7
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 9

IV. Led 7 on.

Dng hin th cc s thp phn, nh phn. C hai loi c bn
l: led 7 on c anot chung (hnh a), v led 7 on c katot (hnh
b) chung. Ty theo yu cu m ta s dng.

Ha.Led 7 on Anot chung Hb. Led 7 don Katot chung

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 Phn III
Thit K V Thi Cng
I.S KHI V NGUYN L HOT NG
I.1. S khi ca mch:

Chuyn Chuyn Ga Tr Hin Th

Khi Cm
i c c Sang Ra LED 7
Bin LM35
ADC Ga Tr Nhit on

PIC 16F877A

I.2. Nguyn l hot ng :

Cm bin LM35 quy i trc tip s thay i nhit mi trng thnh s
thay i ca in p.
VD: vi nhit phng l 250C th ng out ca LM35 s c in p l 250mV
Vi vi u khin PIC 16f877A c tch hp sn b chuyn i ADC, nn tn hiu
ly t cm bin c a trc tip vo vi u khin. PIC s chuyn i gi tr c
c thnh gi tr nh phn. Trong mch ny ta chn b ADC 10 bit. Qu trnh
chuyn i nh sau:
ADC 10 bit tng ng gi tr l 1023
Ta chn VEF=5V =5000mV

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 Vy 5000mV ng vi 1023 khong
LM35 chuyn i 10C tng ng vi 10mV
Suy ra 5000mv tng ng vi 5000C
5000C ng vi 1023
?0 ---------------
gi tr b ADC chuyn i (VALUE)
Vy ta c cng thc chuyn i nh sau:

C = (VALUE*500)/1023
Gi tr C c chuyn sang m BCD v c xut ra ngoi thng qua IC cht
74HC573 v IC gii m 7447 hin th ra led 7 on.

II. Gii thut chng trnh

II.1. S khi chng trnh:

BEGIN

LY
MU

CHUYN I
ADC V
CHUYN SANG
GI TR NHIT

HIN TH

II.2. Chng trnh gii thut:

#include <16F877A.h>
#include <def_877a.h>
#device adc=10
#FUSES NOWDT, HS, NOPUT, NOPROTECT, NODEBUG, NOBROWNOUT,
NOLVP, NOCPD, NOWRT
#use delay(clock=20000000)
#use rs232(baud=9600,parity=N,xmit=PIN_C6,rcv=PIN_C7,bits=9)
float DO_C;
int16 bien,hang_don_vi,hang_chuc;

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int16 led_h,led_l,value;
int8 const a[10]={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
void TAO_MA_BD();
void XUAT_LED();
void BAO_DONG();
//-----------------------------------------------------------------

void main()
{

trisa = 0xFF;
trisb = 0x01;
trisd = 0x00;

// Khoi tao che do cho bo ADC trong PIC

setup_adc_ports(AN0);
setup_adc(ADC_CLOCK_INTERNAL);
set_adc_channel(0);
delay_us(10);

// Lay mau nhiet do lan dau tien

value=read_adc();
delay_ms(10);
DO_C = (float)(VALUE * 500)/1023;
TAO_MA_BD();
// XUAT_LED();

delay_ms(100);

// Cap nhat nhiet do

while(1)
{
output_b(0x00);
value = read_adc();
delay_us(10);
DO_C = (float)(VALUE * 500)/1023;
output_d(0x00);

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 TAO_MA_BD();

if( led_h >=4) BAO_DONG();

if( led_h <=1) BAO_DONG();

XUAT_LED();

}
}

//======================================================

//Chuyen dang ma de xuat ra led 7 doan

void TAO_MA_BD()
{

if(DO_C >= 10) hang_chuc = 1;

if(DO_C >= 20) hang_chuc = 2;
if(DO_C >= 30) hang_chuc = 3;
if(DO_C >= 40) hang_chuc = 4;
if(DO_C >= 50) hang_chuc = 5;
if(DO_C >= 60) hang_chuc = 6;
if(DO_C >= 70) hang_chuc = 7;
if(DO_C >= 80) hang_chuc = 8;
if(DO_C >= 90) hang_chuc = 9;
if(DO_C < 10) hang_chuc = 0;

bien = hang_chuc*10 ;
hang_don_vi = (DO_C - bien);

led_h = a[hang_chuc];
led_l = a[hang_don_vi];

}
//=========================================================
=============

// Dung 74hc573 chot du lieu de tiet kiem cong

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void XUAT_LED()
{

output_high(pin_d0);
output_c(led_h);
output_low(pin_d0);
output_high(pin_d1);
output_c(led_l);
output_low(pin_d1);
delay_ms(100);

// NEU NHIET DO CAO HON HOAC THAP HON NHIET DO QUY DINH SE
GOI BAO DONG

VOID BAO_DONG()
{
output_high(pin_b0);
output_high(pin_b0);

III. S NGUYN L

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