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Dieu Khien Thiet Bi Tu Xa Qua Mang Ethernet
Dieu Khien Thiet Bi Tu Xa Qua Mang Ethernet
Li Cm n................................................................................................5
Li m u.......................................................................................................6
Mc tiu ti...........................................................................................7
Nhim v ca ti...................................................................................7
Chng 1: Tng quan v Ethernet................................................................8
1.1. Cu trc khung tin Ethernet..................................................................8
1.1. Cu trc a ch Ethernet.....................................................................11
1.2. c tnh in.......................................................................................11
1.3. Cc loi khung Ethernet......................................................................12
1.3.1. Cc loi khung uniscat..................................................................12
1.3.2. Cc khung broadcast.....................................................................13
1.3.3. Cc khung Multicast.....................................................................13
1.4. Truy cp bus........................................................................................13
1.5. Cc loi Ethernet.................................................................................15
1.5.1. Cc h thng Ethernet 10Mb/s........................................................15
1.5.2. Cc h thng Ethernet tc 100Mb/s........................................16
1.5.3. Cc h thng Giga Ethernet..........................................................16
Chng 2: H giao thc TCP/IP..................................................................18
2.1. H giao thc TCP/IP.............................................................................18
2.1.1. Tng ng dng ( Application layer).............................................20
2.1.2. Tng giao vn(Transport layer)....................................................21
2.1.3. Tng mng( internet layer)...........................................................22
2.1.4. Lp lin mng (Network Interface Layer)...................................22
2.2. Cu trc gi tin IP, TCP,ARP,UDP.....................................................23
2.2.1. Cu trc a ch IP..........................................................................23
2.2.2. Cu trc gi tin IP.........................................................................24
2.2.3. Cu trc gi tin TCP.....................................................................26
2.2.4. Cu trc gi tin ARP (Adrees Resolution Protocol).....................27
1
2.2.5. Cu trc gi tin UDP....................................................................31
2.2.6. Giao thc iu khin truyn tin ICMP (Internet Control
Message Protocol).....................................................................................31
Chng 3: Phn cng...................................................................................33
3.1. Vi iu khin PIC................................................................................33
3.1.1. Gii thiu v vi iu khin PIC...................................................33
3.1.2. Mt s u im ca Microchip PIC...........................................35
3.1.3. Vi iu khin PIC18F4550............................................................36
3.3. Cm bin nhit LM35.....................................................................47
3.4. Module Ethernet ENC28J60 v chun giao tip SPI...........................49
3.4.1. Vi Mch Ethernet ENC28j60.........................................................49
3.4.2. S chn v s khi ca ENC28j60........................................50
3.4.3. S ghp ni vi iu khin vi ENC28j60.................................51
3.4.4. Module Ethernet.............................................................................52
3.4.5. Chun truyn thng SPI................................................................52
3.5. Text LCD..............................................................................................57
3.5.1. Cu trc Text LCD..........................................................................57
3.5.2. S chn......................................................................................58
3.5.3. iu khin hin th..........................................................................60
3.5.4. Mch RJ14.....................................................................................62
Chng 4: Trnh bin dch CCS v webserver...........................................63
4.1. Trnh dch CCS (PIC C Compiler)........................................................63
4.1.1. V sao ta s dng CCS....................................................................63
4.1.2. Gii thiu v CCS..........................................................................63
4.1.3. To PROJECT u tin trong CCS.................................................64
4.2. Web ng...............................................................................................74
4.3. CSS........................................................................................................74
4.3.1. u im ca CSS............................................................................75
4.3.2. Cc c tnh c bn ca CSS..........................................................75
2
4.3.3. CSS c tnh k tha v kt hp.......................................................77
Chng 5: S khi v m phng.............................................................79
5.1. S khi..........................................................................................79
5.2. Mch nguyn l..................................................................................80
5.2.1. Khi ngun..................................................................................81
5.2.2. Khi cng sut (RELAY)............................................................81
5.2.3. Khi hin th (LCD 16x2)...........................................................82
5.2.4. Khi Key iu khin n (Nt nhn)..........................................82
5.2.5. Khi o nhit v Header giao tip vi Module Ethernet........83
5.2.6. Khi reset, Xung thch anh, Lc ngun.....................................183
5.2.7. Khi Vi x l trung tm (Pic 18F4550).......................................84
5.3. M Phng............................................................................................85
KT LUN....................................................................................................86
Ti liu tham kho:.......................................................................................87
HNH NH:
Hnh 1. 1: M ha Manchester........................................................................12
Hnh 1. 2: M hnh truyn thng unicast........................................................13
Hnh 1. 3: Minh ha phng php CSMA/CD..............................................14
3
Hnh 2. 1: Kin trc TCP/IP............................................................................19
Hnh 2. 2: Qu trnh ng/m gi d liu trong TCP/IP.................................20
Hnh 2. 3: Cu trc d liu trong TCP/IP........................................................20
Hnh 2. 4: t chc a ch IP............................................................................24
Hnh 2. 5: M t ng truyn d liu ARP...................................................28
4
Hnh 4. 12: web sever......................................................................................78
BNG:
6
Li Cm n
7
Li m u
8
Mc tiu ti
Thc hin giao tip mng gia phn cng mch in t vi my tnh qua
mng Ethernet.
iu khin hot ng ca cc thit b (trong ti l 3 n LED tng
trng cho 3 thit b), di s iu khin v gim st ca con ngi.
Gim st nhit thng qua cm bin nhit LM35.
Nhim v ca ti
co th t c mc tiu ra, ngi thc hin ti a ra
nhng nhim v cn phi thc hin:
Nghin cu vi iu khin PIC18f4550 v trnh bin dch CCS (PIC C
Compiler).
L thuyt mng Ethernet v cch thc truyn nhn d liu
Nghin c chun giao tip SPI v ng dng thc t trn module Ethernet
ENC28J60
Tm hiu ngn ng html v CSS trong lp trnh giao din web
Tnh ton, thit k v thi cng phn cng mch in t (m phng)
Xy dng thut ton v vit code cho ng dng da theo mc tiu
ra.
9
chy vi tc xp x 3Mbps. Chun Ethernet 10Mbps u tin c xut
bn vo nm 1980 vi s phi hp pht trin ca 3 hng DEC, Intel, Xerox.
Chun ny c tn Dix Ethernetn (ly tn theo 3 ch ci u tin ca cc hng)
y ban 802.3 ca IEEE ly Dix Ethernet lm nn tng pht trin,
nm 1985 chun 802.3 u tin c ra i vi tn IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense
Multiple access with Collition Detection (CSAM/CD). Mt d khng s
dng Ethernet nhng hu ht mi ngi u hiu l phn chun ca cng
ngh Ethernet.Ngy nay chun IEEE 802.3 l chun chnh thc ca
Ethernet.IEEE pht trin chun Ethernet trn nhiu cng ngh truyn dn
khc nhau v th c nhu loi mng Ethernet khc nhau. c bit vi phin
bn 100 Mbit/s (fast Ethernet, IEEE 802.3u), Ethernet ngy cng ng vai tr
trong h thng cng nghip, bn cnh vic s dng cp ng trc, i dy
xon v cp quang, gn y Ethernet khng dy (Wirless LAN, IEEE 802.11)
ang thu ht s quan tm rt ln.
10
Preamble (m u): 7 bytes (khng c tnh vo kch thc frame ca
12
- Bit 1 Na chu k u ca bit l in p -V v na chu k cn li l
in p + V
Hnh 1. 1: M ha Manchester
Hnh 1.
2: M
hnh
truyn
thng
unicast
13
1.3.2. Cc khung broadcast
Cc khung broadcast c a ch MAC ch l FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
(48 bit 1). khi nhn c cc khung ny, mc d khng trng vi a ch
MAC ca giao tip mng ca mnh nhng cc trm u phi nhn khung v
tip tc x l.
Giao thc ARP s dng khung broadcast ny tm a ch MAC tng
ng vi 1 a ch IP cho trc. mt s giao thc nh tuyn cng s dng cc
khung broadcast cc router trao i bng nh tuyn.
14
Hnh 1. 3: Minh ha phng php CSMA/CD
16
- 10BaseF. F l vit tt ca Fiber Optic (si quang). y l chun cho
si quang hot ng vi tc 10 Mb/s, ra i nm 1993.
Cng tng t nh trong m hnh OSI, khi truyn d liu, qu trnh tin
hnh t tng trn xung tng di, qua mi tng d liu c thm vo mt
thng tin iu khin c gi l phn header. Khi nhn d liu th qu trnh
xy ra ngc li, qua mi tng th phn header tng ng c ly i v khi
n tng trn cng th d liu khng cn phn header na.
19
Hnh 2. 2: Qu trnh ng/m gi d liu trong TCP/IP
20
Hnh v 2.3 cho ta thy lc d liu qua cc tng. Trong hnh v ny
ta thy ti cc tng khc nhau, d liu c mang nhng thut ng khc nhau:
- Trong tng ng dng d liu l cc lung c gi l stream.
- Trong tng giao vn, n v d liu m TCP gi xung tng di gi
l
- TCP segment.
- Trong tng mng, d liu m IP gi ti tng di c gi l IP
datagram.
- Trong tng lin kt, d liu c truyn i gi l frame.
21
C trch nhim thit lp phin truyn thng gia cc my tnh v quy
nh cch truyn d liu, hai giao thc chnh cho tng ny gm:
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol): cn gi l giao thc gi ngi dng.
UDP cung cp mt dch v n gin hn cho tng ng dng. N cung cp
knh truyn thng phi kt ni, ch gi cc gi d liu t trm ny ti trm kia
m khng m bo cc gi tin n c ti ch. Cc ng dng dng UDP
thng ch truyn nhng gi c kch thc nh, tin cy d liu ph thuc
vo tng ng dng. Cc c ch m bo tin cy cn c thc hin bi
tng trn.
- TCP (transmission Control Protocol): Ngc li vi UDP, TCP cung
cp cc knh truyn thng hng kt ni v m bo truyn d liu mt cch
tin cy. N cung cp mt lung d liu tin cy gia hai trm, s dng cc c
ch nh chia nh cc gi tin ca tng trn thnh cc gi tin c kch thc
thch hp cho tng mng bn di, bo nhn gi tin, t hn ch thi gian
time-out m bo bn nhn bit c cc gi tin gi i. TCP thng
truyn cc gi tin c kch thc ln v yu cu pha nhn xc nhn v cc gi
tin nhn. Do tng ny m bo tnh tin cy, tng trn s khng cn quan
tm n na.
23
H thng a ch ny c thit k mm do qua mt s phn lp, c 5
lp a ch IP l: A, B, C, D, E. S khc nhau c bn gia cc lp a ch ny
l kh nng t chc cc cu trc con ca n.
Hnh 2. 4: t chc a ch IP
24
2.2.2. Cu trc gi tin IP
Ver-4 bit : ch version hin hnh ca IP ang c dng, nu trng ny
khc vi phin bn IP ca thit b nhn, thit b nhn s loi b cc gi tin
ny.
IHL (IP Header Length)- 4 bit ch di phn header ca gi tin, tnh
theo t 32 bt.
TOS (Type of Service)- 1byte: cho bit dch v no m gi tin mun s
dng chng hn nh u tin, thi hn chm tr, nng sut truyn v tin
cy c th nh sau:
- 3 bt u ch quyn u tin gi gi tin, t gi tin bnh thng l 0 n
gi tin kim sot mng l 7.
- Mt bt tip theo ch ch yu cu, 0 ng vi gi tin c tr bnh
thng, 1 ng vi gi tin c tr thp.
- Mt bt tip theo ch thng lng yu cu s dng truyn gi tin
vi la chn truyn trn ng thng sut thp hay trn ng thng
sut cao, 0 ng vi thng lng bnh thng, 1 ng vi thng lng
cao.
- 1 bt tip theo c tin cy yu cu, 0 ng vi tin cy bnh
thng, 1 ng vi tin cy cao.
Total length- 2byte: ch dai gi tin tnh c phn header, tnh theo n
v byte.
Indentification- 16 bt: cng vi cc tham s khc nh Source Address
Destination Address dng nh danh duy nht mt gi tin trong thi gian
n tn ti trn mng.
Flags: cc gi tin trn ng i c th b phn thnh nhiu gi tin nh.
Trng flags dng phn on v lp ghp cc gi tin c th nh sau:
- Bt 0: cha s, dng lun ly gi tr 0.
- Bt 1: 0 ng vi gi tin b phn mnh, 1 ng vi gi tin b phn
mnh.
- Bt 2: 0 ng vi gi tin thuc phn on cui cng ca gi tin gc, 1
ng vi gi tin khng phi l phn on cui cng ca gi tin gc.
Fragment Offset-32 bt: ch v tr ca phn on trong gi tin gc, tnh
theo n v 8 byte.
25
Time to live 1 byte: quy nh thi gian tn ti tnh bng giy ca gi
tin trong mng. Thi gian ny c t bi trm gi v gim i (thng quy
c l 1) khi gi tin i qua mi router ca lin mng. Mt gi tr ti thiu phi
ln mng hot ng tt.
Protocol : ch tng giao thc k tip s nhn c d liu trm ch.
TCP c ng vi gi tr 6, UDP c ng vi gi tr 17, 1 ng vi ICMP.
Header checksum- 2byte: Dng pht hin li header ca gi tin xy ra
trong qu trnh truyn ca n.
Cource IP Address- 4 byte: a ch IP ca ni truyn gi tin.
IP Option- di thay i: khai bo cc la chn do ngi s dng yu
cu, v d nh: mc bo mt, ng m gi tin c gi i, timestamp
mi router.
Padding- di thay i: Dng m bo cc header lun kt thc
mt mc 32 bt.
Data chiu di thay i lp trn, chiu di thay i n 64Kb.
27
Hnh 2. 5: M t ng truyn d liu ARP
28
ch s dng mi nht (Address Reslution Cache) tng tc ca vic
chuyn giao a ch.
Mt goi thng tin ARP l mt Ethernet Frame c truyn trc tip t my
ny ti my khc. V khng phi s dng IP, goi tin ny khng co a ch IP
cng nh khng cn c dn ng, no phi c gi broadcast ti tt c cc
my trn mng Ethernet (vi a ch FFFF_FFFF_FFFF).
Bng 2. Error: Reference source not found: M t goi thng tin ARP
Khng ging phn ln cc giao thc khc,d liu trong ARP khng co mt
nh dng chun cho header. ARP co th lm vic vi nhiu cng ngh khc
nhau, ngi ta dng mt trng cha di ca nhng trng i sau no.
Trong trng hp my tnh trm khng co thit b nh ph, v v vy no
khng bit a ch IP ca chnh mnh khi khi ng, ngi ta s dng c ch
chuyn ngc a ch (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RARP) hot ng
tng t ARP gii quyt vn ny. Theo c ch o, co mt my ch cha
bng a ch IP ca cc my trm, khi my trm khi ng, no gi mt request
ti tt c cc my v my ch gi tr li mt goi tin cha a ch IP ca my
trm yu cu..
29
- Hardware len = 6 bytes cho ethernet.
- Protocol len = 4 bytes cho IP.
- ARP operation:
1= yu cu
2 = p li
3/4 = RARP yu cu/p li
30
2.2.6. Giao thc iu khin truyn tin ICMP (Internet Control
Message Protocol).
Vic dn ng qua cc mng s dng giao thc diu khin truyn tin
(Internet Control Message Protocol - ICMP) c nh ngha trong RFC 792.
ICMP s dng gi tin IP chuyn thng bo ca n. ICMP gi cc thng
bo lm cc cng vic: iu khin, thng bo li v chc nng thng tin cho
TCP/IP. Thng thng ICMP c gi khi mt gi tin khng th i ti ch,
mt gateway khng cn ch nh nhn thm gi tin hay mt gateway
hng dn my tnh s dng gateway khc truyn thng tin theo mt con
ng ti u hn.
Cu trc gi tin ICMP:
Mc d mi thng bo ICMP c mt kiu nh dng ring ca n, song
cc thng bo u cha 3 trng u tin ging nhau:
TYPE: nh ngha thng bo i sau.
CODE: Cung cp thng tin thm v thng bo.
CHECKSUM: Cha checksum ca thng bo.
31
32
Chng 3: Phn cng
33
bn ra vi s lng ln l cc vi iu khin PIC thc h PIC16C5x. H ny
c hai bin th vi b nh chng trnh l OTP v UV EPROM. Loi OTP c
th np trnh mt ln dng cho sn xut loi ln. Loi UV EPROM c th
xa c bng tia cc tm (tia UV) dng khi pht trin, th nghim phn
mm.
Mn 1983 Microchip l hng u tin tch hp c b nh chng
trnh fash EEPROM vo nhng vi iu khin mi, trong c bit n
nhiu nht l PIC16C84 v PIC16F84. B nh chng trnh fash loi b
vai tr ca vi iu khin c b nh xa bng tia cc tm, c v bng gm t
tin v cc n chiu tia cc tm.
3.1.1.2. Phn loi
Hin nay c kh nhiu cc dng PIC v c nhiu khc bit v phn cng,
nhng cc chc nng chnh c th im qua mt vi nt nh sau:
8/16 bit CPU, xy dng theo kin trc Harvard c sa i khc vi
kin trc Von Neumann ca AVR.
Flash v ROM c th ty chn t 256 byte n 256Kbyte
Cc cng Xut/Nhp (T/O ports) (mc logic thng t 0V n 5.5V,
ng vi logic 0 v logic 1).
8/16 Bit Tmer
Cng ngh Nanowatt (dng PIC 18Fxxxx)
Cc chun giao tip ngoi vi ni tip ng b/Khng ng b USART,
AUSART, EUSARTs.
B chuyn i ADC Analog to-digital converters , 10/12bit
B so snh in p (Voltage Comparators)
Cc module Capture/Compare/PWM.
LCD
MSSP peripheral dung cho giao tip I2C, SPI, I2S.
B nh ni EEPROM c th ghi/xa ln ti 1 triu ln
Module iu khin ng c, c encoder
H tr giao tip USB
H tr iu khin Ethernet
H tr giao tip CAN
H tr giao tip LIN
H tr giao tip IrDA
34
Mt s dng c tch hp b RF (PIC 16F639 v rfPIC)
KEELOQ m ha v gii m
DSP nhng tnh nng x l tn hiu s (dsPIC)
Tiu chun phn nhm da vo s khc nhau v kin trc b x l
bn trong ca vi iu khin:
- S cc thanh ghi c th truy nhp c.
- C hay khng c ngt, s lng ngt .
- di t lnh.
- Chia lm 4 h:
H cp thp (low - end): 12C5xx,16C5x,16C505, 16HV540.
H cp chung (mid - range): 12C6xx, 14C000, 16C6x, 16C62x,
16F62x,16C67x, 16CC8x, 16F87x, 169xx.
H cp cao (high - end): 17Cxxx.
H cp cao (high performance): 18Cxxx,18Fxx2.
35
3.1.3. Vi iu khin PIC18F4550
3.1.3.1. PIC18F4550
PIC18F4550 l vi
iu khin thuc nhom
cao cp trong dng vi
iu khin PIC18 hiu
sut tnh ton ln, gi c ph hp - bn cao, dung lng b nh chng
trnh c nng cp. Ngoi ra chng cn c thit k ph hp cho nhng
ng dng co hiu sut cao, t tiu tn nng lng.
Nhng tnh nng PIC18F4550
Tn s hot ng: DC - 48 MHz
B nh chng trnh (Bytes): 32768
B nh chng trnh (Ch nh): 16384
B nh d liu (Bytes): 2048
B nh EEPROM d liu (Bytes): 256
Ngun ngt: 20
Cng I/O: Ports A,B,C,D,E
Timers: 4
Module Capture/Compare/PWM: 1
Module Capture/Compare/PWM ci tin: 1
Giao tip ni tip: MSSP, USART ci tin.
Module Universal Serial Bus (USB): 1
Streaming Parallel Port (SPP): co
Module 10-Bit Analog-to Digital: 13 Input Channels
B so snh (Comparators): 2
Resets (and Delays): POR, BOR, RESET Instruction, Stack Full, Stack
Underflow (PWRT, OST), MCLR (optional), WDT
Programmable Low-Voltage Detect: co
Programmable Brown-out Reset: co
Instruction Set: 75 Instructions; 83 with Extendexd Instruction Set
enabled
Packages: 40-Pin PDIP, 44-Pin QFN, 44-Pin TQFP
im ch ca PIC18f4550:
36
Vi b nh c 32kb Flash lu tr chng trnh, 2kb b nh SRAM
bay hi v 256byte EEPROM (B nh khng bay hi) lu tr di
hn d liu nh cu hnh.
Cc ch th di 1byte vi ngoi l di 2byte (CALL, MOVFF, GOTO,
LSFR). S dng c ch ng ng thc thi m bng vic khin cc
ch th lin tip hot ng trong 4 xung nhp ( di xung) c 4 ln
nhy xung c thm vo.
S chn
37
3.1.3.3 Chc nng ca cc chn PIC18F4550
Thanh Kiu
Chc
Ghi I/O
stt chn nng I/O M t
TRIS
Master clear.chn reset u vo
MCLR MCLR 1 I ST
thit lp
/
1 u vo knh 0 ca b bin i
VPP/R VPP P
A/D
E3
RE3 1 I ST u vo s
OSC1 1 I ANA u vo ni vi b giao ng
OSC1/ u vo ngun xung ngoi, Lun
13
CLKI CLKI 1 I ANA gn lin vi
chc nng pin OSC1
OSC2 0 O -- u vo ni vi b giao ng
OSC2/ u vo ngun xung ngoi, Lun
CLKO 0 O --
14 CLKO gn lin vi
/RA6 chc nng pin OSC1
RA6 1/0 I/O TLL chn vo/ra bnh thng
Thanh Kiu
Chc
Ghi I/O
stt chn nng I/O M t
TRIS
0 O Chiu ra vo d liu, khng nh
RA0
1 I TTL hng u vo tng t
RA0/A
2 u vo knh 0 ca b bin i
N0 ANA
AN0 1 I A/D
39
Thanh Kiu
Chc
Ghi I/O
stt chn nng I/O M t
TRIS
Chiu ra /vo d liu, khng nh
RB0 1/0 I/O TTL
RB0/A hng u vo tng t
u vo knh 12 ca b bin i
N12/I AN12 1 I ANA
A/D
33 NT0/
INT0 1 I ST Ngt ngoi 0
FLT0/
u vo bo s c PWM(module
SDI/S FLT0 1 I ST
ECCP1)
DA
SDI 1 I ST u vo d liu ch SPI
SDA 1/0 I/O ST u vo/ra d liu ch I2C
Chiu ra/ vo d liu, khng nh
RB1 1/0 I/O TTL
hng u vo tng t
RB1/A
u vo knh 10 ca b bin i
N10/I AN10 1 I ANA
A/D
34 NT1/S INT1 1 I ST Ngt ngoi 1
Xung ng b ni tip u vo/ra
CK/SC SCK 1/0 I ST
cho ch SPI
L
Xung ng b ni tip u vo/ra
SCL 1/0 I/O ST
cho ch I2C
Chiu ra/ vo d liu, khng nh
RB2 1/0 I/O TTL
RB2/A hng u vo tng t
N8 u vo knh 8 ca b bin i
35 AN8 1 I ANA
/INT2/ A/D
VMO INT2 1 I ST Ngt ngoi 2
VMO 0 O -- Ngt thu pht USB ,u ra VMO
Chiu ra /vo d liu, khng nh
RB3 1/0 I/O TTL
RB3/A hng u vo tng t
u vo knh 9 ca b bin i
N9/CC AN9 1 I ANA
36 A/D
P2/VP
CCP2(1 u vo b capture CCP2/ CCP2
O 1/0 I/O ST
) ca b so snh u ra ca PWM
VPO 0 O -- Ngt thu pht USB ,u ra VPO
37 RB4/A RB4 1/0 I/O TTL Chiu ra/vo d liu, khng nh
N11/K hng u vo tng t
40
u vo knh 11 ca b bin i
AN11 1 I ANA
BI0/CS A/D
SPP Chn ngt ca ngt thay i mc
KBI0 1 I TTL
PORTB
CSSPP 0 O -- iu kin chn chip u ra SPP
RB5 1/0 I/O TTL Chiu ra /vo d liu s
RB5/K Chn ngt ca ngt thay i mc
KBI1 1 I TTL
38 BI1/P PORTB
Tn hiu ni mch np ni
GM PGM 1/0 I/O ST
tip(ICSP)
RB6 1/0 I/O TTL Chiu ra/ vo d liu s
RB6/K
Chn ngt ca ngt thay i mc
39 BI2/P KBI2 1 I TTL
PORTB
GC PGC 1/0 I/O ST u vo xung t(ICSP v ICD)
RB7/K RB7 1/0 I/O TTL Chiu ra/ vo d liu s
40 BI3/P Chn ngt ca ngt thay i mc
KBI3 1 I TTL
GD PORTB
Thanh Kiu
Chc
Ghi I/O
stt chn nng I/O M t
TRIS
RC0/ RC0 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
T1OS T1OSO 0 O u ra b pht xung timer 1
15 O/ T13CK Cp xung cho timer1 /timer3 ch
T13CK 1 I ST
I m s kin (counter).
I
RC1 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
RC1/ CM u vo b dao ng timer1.cm
T1OSI x I
T1OSI/ OS u ra/vo s
16 CCP2/
CCP2(2 u vo capture (CCP2)/CCP2 ca
1/0 I/O ST
UOE ) b so snh v u ra ca PWM
UOE 0 Ngt thu pht USB ,u ra UOE
17 RC2/C RC2 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
41
u vo capture (CCP1)/ CCP1 ca
CCP1 1/0 I/O ST
CP1 b so snh v u ra ca PWM
/P1A in p tng cng u ra CCP1
P1A 0 O TTL
PWM, knh A.
RC4 1 I TTL Chiu ra /vo d liu s
RC4/ Dng tr khc bit USB (u vo/
23 D- 1/0 I/O
D-/VM ra)
VM 1 I TTL Ngt thu pht USB ,u vo VM
RC5 1 I TTL Chiu ra /vo d liu s
RC5/D
Dng cng khc bit USB (u
24 + D+ 1/0 I/O
vo/ ra)
/VP
VP 1 O TTL Ngt thu pht USB ,u vo VP
RC6 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
RC6/T Chn truyn d liu ni tip khng
TX 0 O
25 X/ ng b ca module EUSART
CK Chn pht xung (clock) ng b ni
CK 1/0 I/O ST
tip ca module EUSART
RC7 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
Chn nhn d liu ni tip khng
RC7/R RX 0 O ST
ng b ca module EUSART
X/
26 Chn truyn d liu ni tip ng
DT/SD
DT 1/0 I/O ST b ca
O
module EUSART
SDO 1 I Chn ra d liu ca giao tip SPI
Thanh Kiu
Chc
Ghi I/O
stt chn nng I/O M t
TRIS
RD0/S RD0 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
19 PP0 SPP0 1/0 I/O TLL Cng d liu song song
42
RD2/S RD2 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
21 PP2 SPP2 1/0 I/O TLL Cng d liu song song
Thanh Kiu
Chc
Ghi I/O
stt chn nng I/O M t
TRIS
Chiu ra /vo d liu s,khng nh
RE0 1/0 I/O ST
RE0/A hng ca u vo analog
u vo knh 5 ca b chuyn i
8 N5/CK AN5 1 I ANA
A/D
1SPP CK1SP
0 O Xung ra 1 SPP
P
9 RE1/A RE1 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s,khng nh
43
hng ca u vo analog
u vo knh6 ca b chuyn i
N6/CK AN6 1 I ANA
A/D
2SPP CK2SP
0 O Xung ra 2 SPP
P
Chiu ra /vo d liu s,khng nh
RE2/A RE2 1/0 I/O ST
hng ca u vo analog
10 N7/OE u vo knh 7 ca b chuyn i
AN7 1 I ANA
SPP A/D
OESPP 0 O Cho php SPP u ra.
12
VSS
,3 VSS P Ni mass
1
11
VDD
,3 VDD P ST Ni ngun dng
2
Ni b USB u ra iu chnh in
29 VUSB VUSB 0 O ST
p 3.3V.
Legend:
TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS
compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels I = Input
O = Output P = Power
Note 1: Alternate assignment for CCP2 when CCP2MX Configuration
bit is cleared.
2: Default assignment for CCP2 when CCP2MX Configuration bit is set.
3: These pins are No Connect unless the ICPRT Configuration bit is set.
For NC/ICPORTS, the pin is No Connect unless ICPRT is set and the
DEBUGConfiguration bit is cleared
Hnh 3. 3: S
chn ca LM35
45
Tnh ton chuyn mc logic chn ADC ca vi iu khin thnh
nhit hin th:
Ta c ADC 10bit, vy c 1024 mc lng t. in p ly mu trong bi ta s
dng l 5V. Nh vy mi mc lng t tng ng vi gi tr in p l:
LM35 thay i 10mV/1oC do ng vi thay i 1 oC s thay i 2.048 mc
lng t (10mV/4.883mV = 2.048). Nh vy ta s c cng thc tnh nhit
hin th l:
Nhit = (oC)
(Adc_value :l gi tr chn ADC ca PIC c t LM35)
46
3.4.2. S chn v s khi ca ENC28j60
S chn ENC28j60:
Hnh 3. 4: S
chn
ENC28J60
S khi
ENC28J60:
Hnh 3. 5: S khi ENC28J60
47
Hnh 3. 6: S ghp ni vi iu khin vi ENC28j60
48
Tng t nh kt ni mng trn PC, PIC18 ong vai tr l PC cn
ENC28J60 ong vai tr nh card mng.
Nhn d liu: Tn hiu yu cu t mng truyn qua cng RJ45 vo
ENC28J60. ENC28J60 c thit k gii m tn hiu v chuyn tn hiu o
thnh d liu v lu vo b m thu. Thng qua giao tip SPI, PIC18 lin tc
kim tra b m ca ENC28J60. Nu pht hin co d liu no s c d liu v
x l.
Truyn d liu: Thng qua giao tip SPI, PIC18 s gi d liu vo b
m pht ca ENC28J60. ENC28J60 s m hoa d liu v truyn ra ng RJ45
n a ch mong mun.
49
- Giao tip theo chun SPI.
- u ni RJ45 HR911105A.
- S dng in p 3,3V.
- Tn s 25Mhz.
- Trong mch ny, s dng u cm giao tip RJ45 l HR911105A ca
HANRUN.HR911105A c tch hp sn bin p cad c 2 n led thng
bo trng thi kt ni ca mch.
50
Hnh
3. 9:
SPI
gia
mt
chip
Hot ng: mi chip Master hay Slave co mt thanh ghi d liu 8 bits. C
mi xung nhp do Master to ra trn ng gi nhp SCK, mt bit trong thanh
ghi d liu ca Master c truyn qua Slave trn ng MOSI, ng thi mt
bit trong thanh ghi d liu ca chip Slave cng c truyn qua Master trn
ng MISO. Do 2 goi d liu trn 2 chip c gi qua li ng thi nn qu
trnh truyn d liu ny c gi l song cng.
51
Vi mch ENC28J60 giao tip vi cc vi x l khc thng qua chun truyn
d liu ni tip SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), dng ni cc vi mch trong
cng mt h thng vi u im l chy nhanh v tn rt t dy ni tn hiu, ch
cn 3 dy cho c ng ghi v c.
Sau y l b lnh SPI dng cho vi mch ENC28J60 v cc gin xung
th hin cc qu trnh ghi, c d liu, lnh gia vi x l v ENC28J60 :
52
Hnh 3. 13: Qu trnh ghi vo thanh ghi lnh
53
Hnh 3. 15: Qu trnh ghi vo lnh ca h thng
55
2 mode giao tip l 4bit v 8 bit. N cha sn 208 k t mu kch thc font
5x8 v 32 k t mu font 5x10 (tng cng c 240 mu k t khc nhau).
3.5.2. S chn
S th
Chc nng Tn Trng thi logic M t
t chn
VSS
Ground 1 - 0V
(GND)
Ngun cho VDD
2 - +5V
LCD (VCC)
Tng
3 Vee - 0 Vdd
phn
0
4 RS D0-D7: lnh
1
iu khin 0
5 R/W D0-D7: d liu
1
LCD 0
Ghi (T PIC vo LCD)
6 E 1
c (t LCD vo PIC)
T 1 xung 0
7 D0 0/1 Bit 0 LSB
8 D1 0/1 Bit 1
9 D2 0/1 Bit 2
D liu/ 10 D3 0/1 Bit 3
Lnh 11 D4 0/1 Bit 4
12 D5 0/1 Bit 5
13 D6 0/1 Bit 6
14 D7 0/1 Bit 7 MSB
56
Hnh 3.
17: kt
ni
Text
LCD
vi Vi
iu
khin
57
gi 1 m lnh n LCD th chn RS phi c reset v 0. Ngc li, khi
mun ghi m ASCII ca k t cn hin th ln LCD th chng ta s set RS=1
chn thanh ghi DR. Hot ng ca chn RS c m t trong hnh 12.
58
trong chng trnh wait_LCD (s trnh by chi tit sau) v kt ni chn R/W
ca LCD xung GND.
EN (chn s 5): Chn cho php LCD hot ng (Enable), chn ny cn
c kt ni vi b iu khin cho php thao tc LCD. c v ghi data
t LCD chng ta cn to mt xung cnh xung trn chn EN, ni theo cch
khc, mun ghi d liu vo LCD trc ht cn m bo rng chn EN=0, tip
n xut d liu n cc chn D0:7, sau set chn EN ln 1 v cui cng l
xa EN v 0 to 1 xung cnh xung.
3.5.4. Mch RJ14
59
Hnh 3. 19: S khi ca HR911105A
cnh o cng ra i nhiu chng trnh son tho v bin dch d dng hn
ngn gn hn cho cc ngn ng : Keil C, CCS
Ti chn CCS lp trnh cho PIC, v CCS l mt cng c lp trnh C
mnh cho vi iu khin PIC.
4.1.2. Gii thiu v CCS
61
Hnh 4. 1: Giao din chng trnh CCS
62
Di y s trnh by cch to mt project hp l theo c 3 phng
php. Mt iu ta cn ch khi to mt Project l: khi to bt c mt
Project no mi th ta nn to mt th mc mi vi tn lin quan n Project
ta nh lm, ri lu cc files vo .
Khi lp trnh v bin dch, CCS s to ra rt nhiu files khc nhau, do
nu chung cc Project trong mt th mc s rt mt thi gian trong vic
tm kim sau ny. y cng l quy tc chung khi ta lm vic vi bt k phn
mm no, thit k mch hay lp trnh .
To mt PROJECT s dng PIC Wizard
Trc ht bn khi ng chng trnh lm vic PIC C Compiler. T giao
din chng trnh di chut chn Project -> PIC Wizad.
Sau khi nhn chut, mt ca s hin ra yu cu ban nhp tn Files cn
to. Bn to mt th mc mi, vo th mc v lu tn files cn to ti y.
63
Hnh 4. 3: Bng h tr chc nng cho PIC
- Device: Lit k danh sch cc loi PIC 12F, 16F, 18F Ta s chn
tn Vi iu khin PIC m ta s dng trong d n. Ly v d chn
PIC16F877A
- Oscilator Frequency: Tn s thch anh ta s dng, chn 20 MHz (ty
tng loi)
- Fuses: Thit lp cc bit Config nh: Ch dao ng (HS, RC,
Internal ), ch bo v Code, Brownout detected
- Chn kiu con tr RAM l 16-bit hay 8-bit
65
4.1.3.2. Tab Communications
66
4.1.3.3. Tab SPI v Tab LCD
67
4.1.3.4. Tab Timers
69
Hnh 4. 10: Tab Driver
v Tab Interrupt
70
Hnh 4. 11: Tab Other
4.2. Web ng
Web ng hay DHTML (Dynamic HTML) c th c nh ngha nh
mt phn mm c s dng cho vic m t s kt hp gia ngn ng nh
du siu vn bn HTML, cc stylesheet v ngn ng script lm cho ti liu tr
nn sinh ng.
71
DHTML cho php ngi lp trnh d dng thm cc hiu ng cho cc
trang web. V d nh lm ng cc hnh nh v text trn trang web.
Cu trc ca mt DHTML:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> iu khin LED</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Bng iu khin LED thng qua internet</p>
</body>
</html>
4.3. CSS
CSS l ch vit tt ca Cascading Style Sheet, l kiu thit k s dng
nhiu lp nh dng chng ln nhau. CSS c t chc World Wide Web gii
thiu vo nm 1996. Cch n gin nht hiu CSS l coi n nh mt phn
m rng ca HTML gip n gin ho v ci tin vic thit k cho cc
trang web.
Mt tin ch ca CSS l nh ngha cc Style (kiu dng, nh dng .)
mt ln v cc trnh duyt c th p dng cc Style ny nhiu ln trong mt
on vn bn.
4.3.1. u im ca CSS
Css_selector_1{
Thuc_tnh_1 : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_1;
Thuc_tnh_2 : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_2;
.
Thuc_tnh_n : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_n;
}
Css_selector_2{
Thuc_tnh_1 : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_1;
Thuc_tnh_2 : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_2;
.
Thuc_tnh_n : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_n;
}
Css_selector_3{
Thuc_tnh_1 : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_1;
Thuc_tnh_2 : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_2;
.
Thuc_tnh_n : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_n;
}
73
4.3.2.3. Th t xp lp
Tu vo tng cch t khc nhau m mc u tin cho cc style cng
khc nhau. Mc u tin ny tun theo th t sau:
- Style ni tuyn - Style t trong tng th HTML ring bit.
- Style bn trong Style t trong cp th <head></head>
- Style bn ngoi style t trong cc file ring c ui .css.
- Style theo mc nh ca trnh duyt.
74
h2 {
Color: #c9c9c9;
}
h3{
Color: #c9c9c9;
}
75
Hnh 4. 12: websever
76
Chng 5: S khi v m phng
5.1. S khi.
Khi hin th
LCD 16x2
WEB
INTERNE
T
77
78
5.2. Mch nguyn l.
79
5.2.1. Khi ngun
Hnh 5. 4: khi cng sut (relay 5 chn 12v DC/ 240v AC)
80
5.2.3. Khi hin th (LCD 16x2)
81
5.2.4. Khi Key iu khin n (Nt nhn)
Hnh 5. 7:
LM35(nhit
) &
Header kt ni vi Module
Ethernet
82
5.2.6. Khi reset, Xung thch anh, Lc ngun
a, b, c,
Hnh 5. 8: a:xung thch anh
b: lc ngun
c: khi reset
5.2.7. Khi Vi x l trung tm (Pic 18F4550)
83
Hnh 5. 9: Khi x l dng vi iu khin PIC18F4550
5.3. M Phng
KT LUN
85
http://www.dientuvietnam.net/forums/vi-dieu-khien-avr-55/giao- thuc-
tcp-ip-va-web-server-voi-avr-87172/
86