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Bài giảng Công nghệ đóng mới tàu thủy - Nguyễn Văn Hân PDF
Bài giảng Công nghệ đóng mới tàu thủy - Nguyễn Văn Hân PDF
Khoa ng tu
B mn kt cu tu & cng trnh ni
Bin son : Nguyn Vn Hn - Ng Hng Qun
THNG 02 nm 2007
MC LC
Chng 1 :
KHI QUT V CNG NGH NG TU V NH MY NG TU 1
1.1 Qu trnh thi cng ng mi 1
1.2 Phn loi nh my ng tu 2
1.3 Phn loi phn xng ca nh my ng tu 2
1.4 Chn a im nh my ng tu 3
1.5 S b tr cc phn xng trong nh my 3
1.6 Nhng vn c bn khi thit k phn xng gia cng chi tit 4
Chng 2
PHNG DNG 5
2.1 Phng php phng dng 5
2.2 Sn phng dng c in 6
2.3 V tuyn hnh tu 6
2.4 Dng v khai trin cc ng cong dng v 8
2.5 Khai trin bn thnh cc c cu bn trong thn tu 8
2.6 Khai trin tn v bao 9
Chng 3
LM DNG, LY DU V CHUN B NGUYN VT LIU 10
3.1 Lm dng 10
3.2 Ly du 10
3.3 Chun b v x l vt liu 11
Chng 4
CC PHNG PHP THI CNG NG MI 12
4.1 Nguyn tc phn chia tu thnh cc phn, tng on 12
4.2 Cc phng php lp rp thn tu trn trin 12
4.3 Cc phng php t chc thi cng ng mi 14
Chng 5
GIA CNG CH TO CHI TIT 15
5.1 Phn loi nhm chi tit 15
5.2 Cng ngh ct kim loi 15
5.3 Cng ngh un tn v thp hnh 16
Chng 6
QUY TRNH LP RP V HN CM CHI TIT 18
6.1 Phn loi cm chi tit theo nhm 18
6.2 Quy trnh lp rp v hn cm chi tit thanh 18
6.3 Quy trnh lp rp v hn cm chi tit khung 19
6.4 Quy trnh lp rp v hn cm chi tit tm 19
Chng 7
QUY TRNH LP RP V HN PHN ON 29
7.1 Thit b lp rp phn on 20
7.2 Quy trnh lp rp v hn cc phn on phng 21
7.3 Quy trnh lp rp v hn phn on khi 23
Chng 8
QUY TRNH LP RP V HN TNG ON 24
8.1 Thit b lp rp tng on 24
8.2 Quy trnh lp rp v hn tng on t cc phn on 24
8.3 Quy trnh lp rp v hn tng on mt 25
Chng 9
QUY TRNH LP RP V HN THN TU TRN TRIN 26
9.1 Lp rp thn tu t cc tng on 26
9.2 Kim tra cht lng ng hn v th kn nc 26
9.3 Sn tu 27
Chng 10
H THU 29
10.1 Cc phng php h thu 29
10.2 Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh h thu 29
10.3 Cc thit b h thu bng trt, mng trt 30
10.4 Cc phng php hn ch dch chuyn ca tu trong qu trnh h thu 31
10.5 Nhng s c c th xy ra trong qu trnh h thu tu 32
10.6 Quy trnh h thu tu trn trt mng trt 32
kho
Nn phng
ct
nh sch
un
sn lt chng g
s liu Vch du
t nh
phng dng
ct
xp loi
phn nhm
ch to
phn on
ch to
tng on
lp rp thn tu
a tu
xung nc
lp rp cc trang
thit b my mc
trang tr mc
chy th
nghim thu tu
1.4 CHN A IM NH MY NG TU
2.2.1 Yu cu.
Phi t gn phn xng gia cng chi tit ( thng t trn tng 2 ca phn
xng gia cng chi tit vi chiu cao 3.5m.).
Ni lm vic ca sn phng dng phi m bo c nh sng t nhin, phi
m bo thong mt v ma h v m p v ma ng, m bo iu kin
phng chy cha chy.
Din tch sn phng dng phi v 3 hnh chiu. Thng thng din tch
sn phng tnh theo cng thc A = ( 1,2 1,3 ) A0 trong A0 l tng din tch
tri tuyn hnh con tu ln nht nh ng ti nh my.
2.2.2 Kt cu ca sn phng dng.
Sn phng dng phi m bo bn chc, bng phng, nhn v t b bin dng do
nh hng ca thi tit, m bo cc tiu chun v gc nghing, li lm. kim
tra nghing ngang ca mt sn, ngi ta dng ng thu bnh kt hp vi cc cc
mc hoc dng my trc a, kim tra li lm ca mt sn, ngi ta dng ci lt
g di thng.
Mt sn phng dng c th lm bng tn, bng g, bng cht do hoc cc tm
hp kim nhm, c sn mt lp sn mu xm nht. Sau mi ln v xong cho mt
con tu trnh nhm ln ngi ta li sn li.
Ngy nay nhiu nh my ngi ta khng lm sn phng dng bng g m lm
bng cht do. Lp mt sn ny chu ma st tt v khng b nh hng ca thi tit v
tt nhin gi thnh s cao. Thng cc nh my ng tu c nh th sn phng dng
lm bng tn, hp kim nhm hoc bng cht do.
2.2.3 Dng c phng dng.
Thc vung gc ch T, thc thng, thc thp cun.
Cc lt g mng u c tit din 30x20 mm; 40x80 mm v 40x100 mm.
Compa c khu ln, dy bt.
Qu ri.
Cc vt (con cc).
Cc dng c v nh bt ch, sn, phn v. v...
2.2.4 Mt s lu khi phng dng.
C gng s dng t ng chun nht.
Khi ly du nn s dng mt loi thc v ch nn mt ngi ly du.
Nt v phi nh, trnh t i t li nhiu ln.
Cc ng khc nhau dng cc loi mu khc nhau v.
Ghi ch gii cc phn r rng.
2.3.1 Yu cu.
Th phng dng phi tht t m, cn thn, c trnh hiu bit v hnh dng v
kt cu tu.
2.3.2 C s v tuyn hnh tht trn sn phng dng :
Bn v tuyn hnh ca nh thit k.
cong dc v cong ngang boong ca tng loi tu.
ung chun
x
Mp dui
T,T1 ,T2
ox
41 42 43 44 45
3.1 LM DNG
3.1.1 Mc ch
Tt c cc kch thc cng nh hnh dng chi tit sau khi c phng dng hoc
khai trin u c a ly du trn nguyn liu, gia cng chi tit, lp t v kim
tra cc qu trnh gia cng . . . bng dng mu.
3.1.2 Phn loi
Dng o chiu di (cc lt g hoc thanh g).
Dng phng.
Dng khung.
M hnh (mu).
3.1.3 Cch ch to.
3.1.3.1. Dng o chiu di :
3.1.3.2 Dng phng :
Phng php n gin nht l dng lt g :
Phng php dng thit b v song song chuyn dng .
Phng php dng inh l :
Phng php dng tm tm nha c l hoc cc khung li kim loi.
3.1.3.3 Dng khung.
3.1.3.4 M hnh.
3.2 LY DU
b. Xp nm :
3.3.1.2 Thp hnh hoc nhm hnh :
3.3.1.3 Vn chuyn v bc xp trong kho nguyn liu :
3.3.2 Lm phng tn v thp hnh
Thng nguyn liu khi a v nh my u b cong vnh, li lm. Trc khi
a i gia cng ta cn lm cho cc tm tn phng li, cc thp hnh thng u. Cho
nn cng ngh lm phng tn v thp hnh c cc mc ch sau:
Loi tr cc vt li lm trn b mt tm do vic ngui khng ng u trong
qu trnh nhit luyn, cn thp hoc do vic vn chuyn, bc xp.
Loi tr ng sut d cn li trong vt liu.
Loi tr mt phn cc oxit st bm trn b mt tm boong khi tm sau mt
thi gian di nm ngoi tri.
3.3.3 Lm sch b mt vt liu
Vt liu c dng trong ch to cc c cu v tn v bao thn tu (thng c
lm bng tn tm hoc thp hnh) trc khi a vo gia cng thng c s l theo
qui trnh nh sau :
Lm tan bng tuyt trong thi gian ma ng (i vi nc c kh hu lnh).
Lm sch cc cht bn trn tn tm.
Lm phng.
Sn lt bo v.
Mc ch ca vic lm sch b mt vt liu trc khi a vo gia cng l loi
tr lp oxit st, du m v cc tp cht khc trn b mt nguyn vt liu.
C 3 phng php lm sch b mt vt liu, l phng php c hc, phng
php ho hc v phng php nhit.
3.3.3.1 Cc phng php c hc
a. Phng php th cng:
b. Phng php phun ct:
c. Phng php phun ht thp:
3.3.3.2 Phng php ho hc:
3.3.3.3 Phng php nhit.
Quy trnh cng ngh ca phng php nhit l :
Lm sch bi bn s b (trong cng ngh sa cha)
t nng b mt vt liu bng n oxy-axtylen c nhiu ngn.
nh sch bng phng php th cng.
Sn lt chng g.
3.3.3 Sn chng g
Vic sn lt chng g sau khi lm sch l mt vic rt cn thit v bt buc. Nu
khng tin hnh sn lt th vt liu nhah chng b oxy ho li trong mi trng t
nhin. Cht liu sn lt phi m bo mt s yu cu sau :
C th phun v kh trong vng vi pht. Sau khi kh phi to thnh mt lp
bo v chc chn, khng b nt chn chim
Khng gy kh khn cho cc qu trnh cng ngh tip theo nh ct hi, hn
v.v... Phi tng i bn trong sut thi gian ng tu v chu c nhng va
p c hc trong khi vn chuyn, xp d hoc trong cc cng on sn xut.
Lp chng g khng c nh hng xu i vi cc lp sn tip theo.
Phng php ny khc phc nhc im ca c hai phng php trn c v phm
vi lm vic trong giai on u theo phng php hnh thp v kh khn trong vic lp
rp cc c o cui cng theo phng php hnh o. Phng php ny hin ang
c s dng rng ri trong vic ng mi tu c ln ti Vit Nam
4.2.2 Phng php tng on:
Phng php ny c s dng rng ri thi cng hng lot cc con tu c trung
v nh. Phng php ny va m bo din tch lm vic ln li m bo thi gian lp
rp thn tu trn trin cho ti khi h thu trn trin ngn v gim c bin dng hn.
Theo phng php ny, cc phn on c lp rp ti xng lp rp v hn, cng
ti y cc phn on c ni ghp vi nhau thnh cc tng on ring bit hon
chnh. Cc tng on ny c chuyn ra mt trin lp rp ton b thn tu.
4.2.3 Phng php lp rp tu t cc chi tit. (Lp p hoc nga)
Theo phng php ny th thn tu hay tng on c hnh thnh bng cch lp
rp theo th t cc chi tit bng phng php lp p hoc lp nga. Nhc im ca
phng php ny l thi gian con tu nm trn trin kh lu v sai s trong thi cng
ln, do vy n thng p dng vi cc tu c nh hoc tng on mi , ui cng nh
cc c s ng tu c trang thit b th s. Trnh t chung ca phng php ny nh
sau :
1. Phng dng
2. t ky
3. Ri tn y
4. Dng y i nu c hoc c cu y
5. Dng cc vch ngang, vch dc (nu c)
6. Dng sn t li n mi
7. Ghp tn mn vi sn
8. Lp cc c cu boong
9. Ri tn boong
10. Dng thng tng v lu
11. Lp h ng lc, cc trang thit b v sn tu
12. H thu
12. Lp t cc trang thit b v trang tr ni tht
13. Sn ton b tu
14. Th tu ti bn v th tu ng di
15. Bn giao tu.
4.2.3.1 Lp p:
u im l ca phng php ny l khung dn lp rp n gin, cc ng hn vi
tn bao ca c cu phn ln l ng hn bng.
Nhc im ca n l phi cu lt mi tip tc thi cng c v phi c bin php
gim bin dng trc khi cu lt.
4.2.3.2 Lp nga:
Nhc im l kt cu khung hn phc tp nht l cc tng on mi, ui cc
ng hn cc v tr, t th phc tp, dn n cht lng khng tt.
u im l khng phi cu lt, chnh xc cao, thng p dng cho tu cao tc.
4.2.4 Phng php lp rp tu t cc Module
V c bn phng php ng tu theo module l vic lp rp con tu t cc tng
on khi (Block) trn lp t sn cc trang thit b c nh. Cc cng on ch
to phn tng on hon ton khng c g mi, nhng phi m bo chnh xc cao
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Hn Ng Hng Qun Page: 13
Mobile: 0903.203877 0904.230693
Email: hqdhhh@hn.vnn.vn
TRNG I HC HNG HI VIT NAM BI GING : CNG NGH NG MI
KHOA : NG TU NGNH : NG TU THU
B MN : KT CU TU & CNG TRNH NI H : CHNH QUI
Tc ct.
tinh khit ca oxy.
Thit b ct, vt liu ct.
5.2.2.6. Cng tc an ton khi ct hi.
5.2.2.7. Mt s quy nh v an ton khi s dng chai hi t.
Vch dc, vch ngang knh nc, vch thng tng ... phn ln ta lp rp v hn
tm phng trn b bng bnh thng. S dng phng php hn t ng hai pha.
6.3.1 Yu cu:
6.3.2 Hn :
6.3.3 Kim tra nghim thu
Theo tiu chun ca nh my hoc IACS
7.2.4.2 Cc bc chnh :
Lp rp v hn tn boong.
Ly du ng bao phn on, ng t c cu v t cc chi tit kt cu gia
cng khc ca phn on.
Lp rp v hn cc c cu.
Ly du v ct li ng bao phn on, lu c lng d u lp cc
phn tng on.
Kim tra nghim thu phn on.
7.2.4.3 Qui trnh lp rp v hn phn on boong.
a. Ri tn:
b. Ly du c cu:
c. Lp rp v hn nh c cu .
Trng hp boong kt cu h thng ngang :
Lp rp sng chnh boong.
Lp rp cc x ngang boong (x ngang boong thng v x ngang boong kho).
Lp sng ph boong .
Lp cc x ngang boong 2 u phn on
Trng hp boong kt cu h thng dc :
Lp rp sng chnh boong.
Lp rp cc x dc boong.
Lp rp cc x ngang boong kho.
Lp sng ph boong .
d. Hn phn on boong:
Hn c cu - c cu bng phng php hn th cng hoc bn t ng.
Hn c cu - tn boong bng phng php t ng hoc th cng.
Hn ni vi tn vi tn .
Lp t v hn cc chi tit ph khc theo cc v tr ly du.
Cu lt phn on v t chng ln cc gi , di cc mi ni dc v ngang
ca tn boong, hn mt sau cc mi ni dc ngang ca tn boong.
e. Kim tra v nghim thu:
Kim tra kn nc ca phn on bng phng php th cng hoc siu m.
Kim tra cht lng mi hn.
Kim tra cc sai lch ca phn on : Tham kho IACS
7.2.5 Qui trnh lp rp v hn phn on mn
7.2.5.1 Chun b :
7.2.5.2 Qui trnh cng ngh :
a. Ri tn :
b. Ly du :
Ly du ng chun ca phn on.
Ly du v tr ng kim tra (trng vi v tr mt ng nc)
Ly du cc v tr t khung xng ca mn.
c. Lp rp v hn :
t cc c cu dc v ngang, tin hnh hn nh chng vi tn bao (th t
tng t nh khi lp rp dn boong).
Hn c cu vi c cu theo phng php hn th cng v hn c cu vi tn
mn bng my hn bn t ng.
Lp rp v hn cc chi tit kt cu ph theo v tr ly du trn tm tn mn.
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Mobile: 0903.203877 0904.230693
Email: hqdhhh@hn.vnn.vn
TRNG I HC HNG HI VIT NAM BI GING : CNG NGH NG MI
KHOA : NG TU NGNH : NG TU THU
B MN : KT CU TU & CNG TRNH NI H : CHNH QUI
Hnh 8.2 Kim tra phn on y chun theo chiu cao bng ng thu bnh
8.2.2.2 t phn on vch ngang.
8.2.2.3 t phn on mn.
8.2.2.4 t phn on boong.
8.2.2.5 Quy trnh hn.
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Hn Ng Hng Qun Page: 24
Mobile: 0903.203877 0904.230693
Email: hqdhhh@hn.vnn.vn
TRNG I HC HNG HI VIT NAM BI GING : CNG NGH NG MI
KHOA : NG TU NGNH : NG TU THU
B MN : KT CU TU & CNG TRNH NI H : CHNH QUI
9.3 SN TU
ng gi dy mng sn kh
Tn Sn/Khu vc sn Chng Loi
DFT()
(thnh phn)
y Tu
BANNOH 500 Sn chng r gc Epoxy 2 125
BANNOH 500 Sn chng r Epoxy 2 125
SILVAX SQ-K Sn lp trung gian gc Vinyl 1 75
TFA 10 LIGHT RED Sn chng h khng c 1 100
TFA 10 DARK RED Sn chng h khng c 1 100
Mn thay i
BANNOH 500 Sn chng r gc Epoxy 2 125
BANNOH 500 Sn chng r gc Epoxy 2 125
EPICON MARINE FINISH Sn ph mu gc Epoxy 2 50
Mn kh
BANNOH 500 Sn chng r gc Epoxy 2 125
BANNOH 500 Sn chng r gc Epoxy 2 125
EPICON MARINE FINISH Sn ph mu gc Poly Urethane 2 50
CHNG 10 H THU
H thu l qu trnh cng ngh a tu xung nc sau khi kt thc cng vic
ng mi hoc sa cha. Tu c th h thu xung nc nh cc phng php sau :
Nh trng lng ca tu : V d h thu trn trin dc hoc trin ngang.
Nh lc nng ca nc: V d h thu bng u tu v ni, cc pngtng ni
Nh cc lc c gii khc: Dn nng thu lc, cn cu, ti ko, kch, ti kh . . .
10.1.1 H thu bng trin .
10.1.1.1 H thu dc
10.1.1.2 H thu ngang
10.1.2 H thu nh tu.
Nguyn tc h thu: Bm nc vo cho ti khi no mc nc ti ky tu th dng
li kim tra li ln cui k kh nng kn nc ca v bao tu, kim tra cc van
thng bin, kim tra cc t th ca tu xem c nghing hay chi khng. Sau bm
y nc vo tu c th iu ng c ra ngoi.
10.1.2.1 kh: (u tu)
u im : Cng tc chun b cho qu trnh h thu nhanh, an ton, t xy ra s c.
Nhc im : Thi gian tu nm trn u lu, h s quay vng tc dng ca tu nh.
10.1.3.2 nc ( ni)
ni c cu to t mt hoc nhiu phao ni c mt boong phng v cc phao
mn cao m bo bn dc v n nh cho .
ni c hai loi: dng ch U v dng ch L
10.1.4 H thu nh cn cu hay ti ko (tham kho ti liu)
10.1.5 H thu nh thit b thu lc
- y l phng php hin i, chuyn phc v cho vic ng v sa cha cc tu c
nh v trung bnh nh tu cao tc, tu khch . . . v c xu hng s dng ngy cng
tng
10.3.1 trt
10.3.4 k
Trong qu trnh lp rp
thn tu trn trin con tu phi
c k m mt cch ng
u. Nu khng n s gy h
hng v bin dng cho tu.
Trong cc cn k m th
quan trng nht l cc m ky
(di tm tn ky). Cc tm ny
n 60 % trng lng thn
tu, phn trng lng cn li
m ky mi v li s .
10.5.1 Sau khi c lch h thu chng ta gii phng cc thit b gi tu trn
trin nhng tu vn khng trt xung c ?
10.5.1.1 Nguyn nhn.
Do lp m bi trn gia trt v mng trt kh lm tng sc cn ma st
gia trt v mng trt dn n tu khng trt c.
Trong qu trnh tnh ton thit k dc ca trt qu nh.
Do qu lu tu v mng trt trn trt nn l m bi trn b p ht ra
ngoi lm tng sc cn ma st nn tu khng trt xung c.
10.5.1.2 Cc bin php x l.
To rung gia tu v mng trt trn trt bng cch dng ba g trn
mng trt khc phc ma st ca tu v mng trt trn trt sau tu
c th t dch chuyn xung c.
Cn phi ko tu to ra lc thng ban u (dng tu lai ko ui tu xung
di hoc dng dy cp ko tu ngc ln trn).
10.5.2 Khi tu trt n gia trin th dng li
10.5.2.1 Nguyn nhn.
dc ca trin nh
Lp m bi trn b kh hoc b y ra khi mt trt mng trt
Profin ca trin, hnh dng theo dc theo mt trin khng phng hoc cong
khng u hoc do nn trin b ln
10.5.2.2 Cc bin php x l.
Thay lp m bi trn gia trt mng trt
Phi k kch li cc cng to nn mt dc thch hp
Dng tu lai ko tu xung di hoc dng dy cp ko tu ln trn
10.6.3 ui tu b chi vo bn tu khng ni c
10.5.3.1 Nguyn nhn.
dc ca trin qu ln
Chiu rng lung lch ti khu vc h thu qu hp, chiu su khng m bo
Phn ui tu qu nng
10.5.3.2 Cc bin php x l
Dng mt tu lai y ngc, y xui
Dng nc bm dn vo mi tu m bo cn bng cho tu
10.5.4 Tu b nghing v trt khi trt.
10.5.5 Khi tu xung nc tu khng n nh, b nghing b chi