MC LC

Li Cm n................................................................................................. 5
Li m u.........................................................................................................6
Mc tiu ti............................................................................................ 7
Nhim v ca ti....................................................................................7
Chng 1: Tng quan v Ethernet................................................................. 8
1.1. Cu trc khung tin Ethernet...................................................................8
1.1. Cu trc a ch Ethernet..................................................................... 11
1.2. c tnh in........................................................................................ 11
1.3. Cc loi khung Ethernet.......................................................................12
1.3.1. Cc loi khung uniscat.................................................................. 12
1.3.2. Cc khung broadcast......................................................................13
1.3.3. Cc khung Multicast......................................................................13
1.4. Truy cp bus.........................................................................................13
1.5. Cc loi Ethernet..................................................................................15
1.5.1. Cc h thng Ethernet 10Mb/s.........................................................15
1.5.2. Cc h thng Ethernet tc 100Mb/s......................................... 16
1.5.3. Cc h thng Giga Ethernet.......................................................... 16
Chng 2: H giao thc TCP/IP...................................................................18
2.1. H giao thc TCP/IP.............................................................................. 18
2.1.1. Tng ng dng ( Application layer)..............................................20
2.1.2. Tng giao vn(Transport layer).....................................................21
2.1.3. Tng mng( internet layer)............................................................ 22
2.1.4. Lp lin mng (Network Interface Layer).................................... 22
2.2. Cu trc gi tin IP, TCP,ARP,UDP.................................................... 23
2.2.1. Cu trc a ch IP...........................................................................23
2.2.2. Cu trc gi tin IP..........................................................................24
2.2.3. Cu trc gi tin TCP......................................................................26
2.2.4. Cu trc gi tin ARP (Adrees Resolution Protocol).....................27

1
 2.2.5. Cu trc gi tin UDP..................................................................... 31
2.2.6. Giao thc iu khin truyn tin ICMP (Internet Control
Message Protocol)...................................................................................... 31
Chng 3: Phn cng.....................................................................................33
3.1. Vi iu khin PIC.................................................................................33
3.1.1. Gii thiu v vi iu khin PIC....................................................33
3.1.2. Mt s u im ca Microchip PIC............................................35
3.1.3. Vi iu khin PIC18F4550............................................................ 36
3.3. Cm bin nhit LM35...................................................................... 47
3.4. Module Ethernet ENC28J60 v chun giao tip SPI............................49
3.4.1. Vi Mch Ethernet ENC28j60..........................................................49
3.4.2. S chn v s khi ca ENC28j60........................................ 50
3.4.3. S ghp ni vi iu khin vi ENC28j60..................................51
3.4.4. Module Ethernet..............................................................................52
3.4.5. Chun truyn thng SPI................................................................ 52
3.5. Text LCD...............................................................................................57
3.5.1. Cu trc Text LCD...........................................................................57
3.5.2. S chn....................................................................................... 58
3.5.3. iu khin hin th........................................................................... 60
3.5.4. Mch RJ14.......................................................................................62
Chng 4: Trnh bin dch CCS v webserver........................................... 63
4.1. Trnh dch CCS (PIC C Compiler).........................................................63
4.1.1. V sao ta s dng CCS..................................................................... 63
4.1.2. Gii thiu v CCS........................................................................... 63
4.1.3. To PROJECT u tin trong CCS................................................. 64
4.2. Web ng................................................................................................74
4.3. CSS......................................................................................................... 74
4.3.1. u im ca CSS............................................................................. 75
4.3.2. Cc c tnh c bn ca CSS........................................................... 75

2
 4.3.3. CSS c tnh k tha v kt hp........................................................77
Chng 5: S khi v m phng............................................................. 79
5.1. S khi........................................................................................... 79
5.2. Mch nguyn l....................................................................................80
5.2.1. Khi ngun................................................................................... 81
5.2.2. Khi cng sut (RELAY).............................................................81
5.2.3. Khi hin th (LCD 16x2)............................................................ 82
5.2.4. Khi Key iu khin n (Nt nhn)........................................... 82
5.2.5. Khi o nhit v Header giao tip vi Module Ethernet........83
5.2.6. Khi reset, Xung thch anh, Lc ngun......................................183
5.2.7. Khi Vi x l trung tm (Pic 18F4550)....................................... 84
5.3. M Phng............................................................................................. 85
KT LUN......................................................................................................86
Ti liu tham kho:.........................................................................................87

3
HNH NH:
Hnh 1. 1: M ha Manchester......................................................................... 12
Hnh 1. 2: M hnh truyn thng unicast......................................................... 13
Hnh 1. 3: Minh ha phng php CSMA/CD............................................... 14

Hnh 2. 1: Kin trc TCP/IP............................................................................. 19

Hnh 2. 2: Qu trnh ng/m gi d liu trong TCP/IP................................. 20
Hnh 2. 3: Cu trc d liu trong TCP/IP........................................................ 20
Hnh 2. 4: t chc a ch IP.............................................................................24
Hnh 2. 5: M t ng truyn d liu ARP....................................................28

Hnh 3. 1: Hnh thc t ca PIC18F4550.........................................................36

Hnh 3. 2: s chn ca PIC18F4550........................................................... 38
Hnh 3. 3: S chn ca LM35..................................................................... 48
Hnh 3. 4: S chn ENC28J60.................................................................... 50
Hnh 3. 5: S khi ENC28J60.....................................................................50
Hnh 3. 6: S ghp ni vi iu khin vi ENC28j60..................................51
Hnh 3. 7 : S nguyn l Module Ethernet................................................. 51
Hnh 3. 8: Module Ethernet thc t..................................................................52
Hnh 3. 9: SPI gia mt chip Master v 3 chip Slave thng qua 4 ng...... 54
Hnh 3. 10: Qu trnh truyn 1 gi d liu thc hin bi module SPI............ 55
Hnh 3. 11: Qu trnh c thanh ghi iu khin Ethernet............................... 55
Hnh 3. 12: Qu trnh c thanh ghi iu khin MAC.................................... 56
Hnh 3. 13: Qu trnh ghi vo thanh ghi lnh..................................................56
Hnh 3. 14: Qu trnh ghi vo b m lnh.....................................................56
Hnh 3. 15: Qu trnh ghi vo lnh ca h thng............................................ 57
Hnh 3. 16: Text LCD 16x2..............................................................................58
Hnh 3. 17: kt ni Text LCD vi Vi iu khin............................................. 60
Hnh 3. 18: Hot ng ca chn RS................................................................. 61
Hnh 3. 19: S khi ca HR911105A......................................................... 62

Hnh 4. 1: Giao din chng trnh CCS...........................................................64

Hnh 4. 2: To file mi trong PCW compiler................................................. 65
Hnh 4. 3: Bng h tr chc nng cho PIC..................................................... 66
Hnh 4. 4: Tab General.................................................................................... 67
Hnh 4. 5: Tab Communications..................................................................... 68

4
Hnh 4. 6: Tab SPI........................................................................................... 69
Hnh 4. 7: Tab LCD.........................................................................................69
Hnh 4. 8: Tab Timer........................................................................................ 70
Hnh 4. 9: Tab Analog...................................................................................... 71
Hnh 4. 10: Tab Driver v Tab Interrupt.......................................................... 72
Hnh 4. 11: Tab Other.......................................................................................73
Hnh 4. 12: web sever....................................................................................... 78

Hnh 5. 1: S khi giao tip ca mch........................................................ 80

Hnh 5. 2: Mch nguyn l............................................................................... 81
Hnh 5. 3: Khi ngun...................................................................................... 82
Hnh 5. 4: khi cng sut (relay 5 chn 12v DC/ 240v AC)........................... 82
Hnh 5. 5: khi hin th (LCD 16x2)................................................................83
Hnh 5. 6: Khi Nt nhn................................................................................. 83
Hnh 5. 7: LM35(nhit ) & Header kt ni vi Module Ethernet............ 84
Hnh 5. 8: a:xung thch anh............................................................................. 84
Hnh 5. 9: Khi x l dng vi iu khin PIC18F4550...................................85
Hnh 5. 10: M phng.......................................................................................86

5
BNG:

Bng 1. 1: Cu trc khung MAC theo IEEE 802.3/ Ethernet..........................11

Bng 2. 1: M t gi thng tin ARP ...............................................................29

Bng 2. 2: Khung d liu ARP.........................................................................30
Bng 2. 3: Cu trc gi ICMP..........................................................................32

Bng 3. 1: Bng chc nng chn ca PIC18F4550......................................... 38

Bng 3. 2: Bng chc nng chn ca PORTA................................................. 39
Bng 3. 3: Bng chc nng chn ca PORTB................................................. 41
Bng 3. 4: Bng chc nng chn ca PORTC................................................. 43
Bng 3. 5: Bng chc nng chn ca PORTD................................................. 44
Bng 3. 6: Bng chc nng chn ca PORTE................................................. 46
Bng 3. 7: Chc nng chn ca LCD...............................................................58

6
 Li Cm n

Em xin c gi li cm n chn thnh n qu Thy c trong khoa

in in T, nht l qu Thy c thuc b mn in T Vin Thng
ging dy v truyn t kin thc chuyn ngnh cho ngi thc hin n
trong thi gian va qua.
c bit em xin gi li cm n su sc ti c V Th Thu Hng v s
tn tnh hng dn cng nh to nhng iu kin thun li nht cho em
c th thc hin v hon thnh tt ti ny.
Em cng khng qun cm n cc bn trong lp trao i, gp em
hon thnh ti ny mt cch tt p v ng thi gian.
Mc d c nhiu c gng v n lc thc hin, nhng do kin thc
cng nh kh nng bn thn cn nhiu hn ch nn trong qu trnh thc hin
ti khng th trnh khi nhng sai phm, thiu st Rt mong nhn c
s gp , ch dn t ni qu thy c v cc bn sinh vin.

7
 Li m u

Trong thi i cng nghip ho hin i ho nh hin nay. Vic pht

minh v ch to ra cc thit b thng minh c kh nng iu khiu t xa ang
v s rt c quan tm v rt hu ch cho cuc sng hng ngy.
V mc tiu cng ngh hin i ho ngy cng pht trin, ti quyt
nh lm mt n v iu khin thit b qua mng Ethernet. Khi d n
hon thnh chng ta c th iu khiu cc thit in trong nh thng qua
mng internet, tng tc bng tay qua nt nhn, kim sot nhit phng;
hin th trng thi hot ng ca cc thit b trn LCD. D chng ta bt
c ni no c mng internet u c th iu khin c cc thit b kt ni
vi module iu khin ethernet.
Khi d n thnh cng v c p dng rng ri th s rt hu ch cho i
sng hng ngy. Gip cho t nc ngy cng pht trin.

Gio Vin Hng Dn Ngi Thc Hin

V Th Thu Hng Nguyn Vn Vng - 0541050263

8
Mc tiu ti
Thc hin giao tip mng gia phn cng mch in t vi my tnh
qua mng Ethernet.
iu khin hot ng ca cc thit b (trong ti l 3 n LED tng
trng cho 3 thit b), di s iu khin v gim st ca con ngi.
Gim st nhit thng qua cm bin nhit LM35.
Nhim v ca ti
c th t c mc tiu ra, ngi thc hin ti a ra
nhng nhim v cn phi thc hin:
Nghin cu vi iu khin PIC18f4550 v trnh bin dch CCS (PIC C
Compiler).
L thuyt mng Ethernet v cch thc truyn nhn d liu
Nghin c chun giao tip SPI v ng dng thc t trn module
Ethernet ENC28J60
Tm hiu ngn ng html v CSS trong lp trnh giao din web
Tnh ton, thit k v thi cng phn cng mch in t (m phng)
Xy dng thut ton v vit code cho ng dng da theo mc tiu
ra.

9
 Chng 1: Tng quan v Ethernet
ETHERNET l kiu mng cc b (LAN) c s dng rng ri hin
nay. Hin thi Ethernet thng c s dng nhiu nht l cp i xon
10Mbps.
Ethernet c pht minh ra ti trung tm nghin cu Xerox Palo Alto
vo nhng nm 70 ca tin s Robert M.Metcalfe. N c thit k bi mc
ch phc v nghin cu trong h thng cng s trong tng lai, bao gm
trm c nhn u tin trong th gii, trm Xerox Alto. Trm Ethernet u tin
chy vi tc xp x 3Mbps. Chun Ethernet 10Mbps u tin c xut
bn vo nm 1980 vi s phi hp pht trin ca 3 hng DEC, Intel, Xerox.
Chun ny c tn Dix Ethernetn (ly tn theo 3 ch ci u tin ca cc hng)
y ban 802.3 ca IEEE ly Dix Ethernet lm nn tng pht trin,
nm 1985 chun 802.3 u tin c ra i vi tn IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense
Multiple access with Collition Detection (CSAM/CD). Mt d khng s
dng Ethernet nhng hu ht mi ngi u hiu l phn chun ca cng
ngh Ethernet.Ngy nay chun IEEE 802.3 l chun chnh thc ca
Ethernet.IEEE pht trin chun Ethernet trn nhiu cng ngh truyn dn
khc nhau v th c nhu loi mng Ethernet khc nhau. c bit vi phin
bn 100 Mbit/s (fast Ethernet, IEEE 802.3u), Ethernet ngy cng ng vai tr
trong h thng cng nghip, bn cnh vic s dng cp ng trc, i dy
xon v cp quang, gn y Ethernet khng dy (Wirless LAN, IEEE 802.11)
ang thu ht s quan tm rt ln.

1.1. Cu trc khung tin Ethernet

Cc chun Ethernet u hot ng tng Data link trong m hnh 7 lp
OSI v th n v d liu m cc trm trao i vi nhau l cc khung (famer) .
Cu trc khung Ethernet nh sau:

10
 Bng 1. 1: Cu trc khung MAC theo IEEE 802.3/ Ethernet

Preamble (m u): 7 bytes (khng c tnh vo kch thc frame ca

Ethernet) trng ny nh du s xut hin ca khung bit, n lun mang gi
tr 10101010. T nhm bit ny, pha nhn c th to ra xung ng h 10Mhz.
SFD (Start Frame Delimiter): 1 bytes (khng c tnh vo kch thc
frame ca Ethernet) trng hp ny mi thc s xc nh bt u ca mt
khung. N lun mang gi tr 10101011.
Destination Address (a ch ch): 6 bytes
y l a ch MAC ca Ethernet card ni n (ni khung frame gi
n).
ngha ca bit thp nht xc nh 6 bytes ny:
o 0: a ch unicast
3 bytes u tin c dng ch nh sn xut
1. 00-00-0C: CISCO
2. 00-00-3D: AT&T
3 bytes tip theo do nh sn xut quyt nh
o 1: a ch multicast
11
 01-80-C2-00-00-00: c dng bi cc bridges cho gii
thut cy tn rng (spanning tr algorithm)
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF: a ch qung b (broadcast)
ch hot ng bnh thng, Ethernet ch tip nhn nhng frame
c a ch ni n trng vi a ch (duy nht) ca n, hoc a ch
ni n th hin mt thng ip qun b. Tuy vy, hu ht cc
Ethernet card u c th c t ch "promiscuous". Trong
ch ny, n s nhn tt c cc frame xut hin trong mng LAN.
Source Address (a ch ngun): 6 bytes .y l a ch MAC ca
Ethernet card ngun (ni khung frame c gi i).
LEN/TYLE ( di/kiu gi): 2 bytes. gi tr ca trng ni ln ln
ca phn gi liu m khung mang theo.
C 2 loi cu trc Ethernet frame
o IEEE 802.3 MAC
Dng ch di ca Ethernet frame
o DIX Ethernet: c cng b bi DEC, Intel v Xeror vo nm
1980 (ph bin hn)
Dng ch giao thc ca lp pha trn
0800: IP
0860: ARP
Phn thng tin: t 46 ti 1500 bytes:
Do kch thc frame ti thiu l 64 bytes, kch thc ti thiu ca
phn thng tin l 64-18=46 bytes.
Kch thc phn thng tin ti a l 1500 bytes. Do , kch thc
gi IP trong Ethernet ti a l 1500 bytes, y cng l mt trong ba
kch thc gi IP thng dng nht (40, 576, 1500).
FCS mang CRC (cyclic redundancy checksum): pha gi s tnh ton
trng ny trc khi truyn khung. Pha nhn tnh ton li CRC ny theo cch

12
tng t. Nu hai kt qu trng nhau, khung c xem l nhn ng, ngc
lai khung coi nh l b li v b loi b.
1.1. Cu trc a ch Ethernet
Mi giao tip mng Ethernet c nh dng duy nht bi 48 bit a ch
(6 octet). y l a ch c n nh khi sn xut thit b, c gi l a ch
MAC (Media Access Control Address). a ch MAC c biu din bi cc
ch s hexa ( h c s 16), v d: 00:60:97:8F:4F:86 hoc 00-60-97-8F-4F-96.
Khun dng a ch MAC c chia lm 2 phn:
- 3 octet xc nh hng sn xut, chu s qun l t chc IEEE.
- 3 octet sau do nh sn xut n nh.
- Kt hp ta c 1 a ch MAC duy nht cho mt giao tip mng
Ethernet. a ch MAC c s dng lm a ch ngun v a ch ch trong
khung Ethernet.
1.2. c tnh in
Tn hiu Ethernet c m ha theo m Manchester. M ha Manchester
s dng cch o ngc mi bit trong khong thi gian ca n ng b v
miu t bit.
- Bit 0 Na chu k u ca bit l in p +V v na chu k cn li
l in p V
- Bit 1 Na chu k u ca bit l in p -V v na chu k cn li
l in p + V

Hnh 1. 1: M ha Manchester

13
1.3. Cc loi khung Ethernet
1.3.1. Cc loi khung uniscat
Gi s trm 1 cn truyn khung ti trm 2.Khung Ethernet do trm 1
truyn ra c a ch:
- MAC ngun: 00-60-08-93-DB-C1.
- MAC ch : 00-60-08-93-AB-12

Hnh 1. 2: M hnh truyn thng unicast

y l khung unicast. Khung ny c truyn ti 1 trm xc nh.Tt c

cc trm trong phn on mng trn s u nhn c khung ny nhng:
- Ch c trm 2 ly c a ch MAC ch ca khung trng vi a
ch MAC ca giao tip mng ca mnh nn tip tc x l cc thng tin khc
trong khung.
- Cc trm khc sau khi so snh a ch s b qua khng tip tc x l
khung na.

1.3.2. Cc khung broadcast

Cc khung broadcast c a ch MAC ch l FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
(48 bit 1). khi nhn c cc khung ny, mc d khng trng vi a ch
MAC ca giao tip mng ca mnh nhng cc trm u phi nhn khung v
tip tc x l.

14
 Giao thc ARP s dng khung broadcast ny tm a ch MAC tng
ng vi 1 a ch IP cho trc. mt s giao thc nh tuyn cng s dng cc
khung broadcast cc router trao i bng nh tuyn.

1.3.3. Cc khung Multicast

Trm ngun gi khung ti mt s trm nht nh ch khng phi l tt c.
a ch MAC ch ca khung l a ch c bit m ch cc trm trong cng
mt nhm mi chp nhn cc khung gi ti a ch ny.
(Ch : a ch MAC ngun ca khung lun l a ch MAC ca giao
tip mng to ra khung. Trong khi a ch MAC ch ca khung th ph
thuc vo mt trong ba loi khung nu trn.)

1.4. Truy cp bus

Mt s vn ln thng gy lo ngi khi s dng Ethernet cp trng
l phng php truy cp bus ngu nhin CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple
access with Collision Avoidance) v s nh hng ti hiu sut cng nh tnh
nng thi gian thc ca h thng. y, mt s nhng yu t quyt nh ti
hiu sut ca h thng l thut ton tnh thi gian truy nhp li cho cc trm
trong trng hp xy ra xung t.

Hnh 1. 3: Minh ha phng php CSMA/CD

15
Nguyn tc lm vic ca phng php CSMA/CD:
Theo phng php CSMA/CD, mi trm u c quyn truy cp bus m
khng cn mt s kim sot no. Phng php c tin hnh nh sau:
- Mi trm u phi t nghe ng dn (carrier sense) nu ng dn
ri( khng c tn hiu ) th mi c pht.
- Do vic lan truyn tn hiu cn c mt thi gian no , nn vn c
kh nng hai trm cng pht tn hiu ln ng dn. Chnh v vy, trong khi
pht i mi trm vn phi nghe ng n so snh tn hiu pht i vi tn
hiu nhn c xem c xy ra xung t hay khng.
- Trong trng hp xy ra xung t, mi trm u phi hy b bc
in ca mnh, ch mt thi gian ngu nhin v th gi li.
Mt tnh hung xy ra xung t tiu biu l cc khc phc c minh
ha trn hnh 3. Trm A v trm C cng nghe ng dn. ng dn ri nn
A c th gi trc. Trong khi tn hiu t trm A gi i cha kp ti nn trm
C khng hay bit v cng gi, nn gy ra xung t ti mt im gn C. A v
C ln lt nhn c tn hiu phn hi, so snh vi tn hiu gi i v pht
hin xung t. C hai trm s cng phi hy b bc in gi i bng cch
khng pht tip, cc trm mun nhn s khng nhn c c hiu kt thc
bc in v c coi l bc in khng hp l. A v C cng c th gi i 1
tn hiu jam c bit bo cho cc trm cn nhn bit. sau mi trm s
ch mt thi gian ch ngu nhin, trc khi th pht li. thi gian ch ngu
nhin y phi c tnh theo mt thut ton no sao cho thi gian ch
ngn mt cch hp l v khng ging nhau gia cc trm cng ch. Thng
thng thi gian ch ny l bi s hai ln thi gian lan truyn tn hiu Ts .
u im ca CSMA/CD l tnh cht n gin, linh hoat. Khc vi
phng php tin nh, vic ghp thm hay b i mt trm khng nh hng
g ti hot ng ca h thng. Chnh v vy, phng php ny c ap dng
rng ri trong h thng Ethernet.

16
 Nhc im ca CSMA/CD l tnh cht bt nh ca thi gian phn
ng.Cc trm u bnh ng nh nhau nn qu trnh ch mt trm c th lp
i lp li, khng xc nh c tng i chnh xc thi gian.Hiu sut s
dng ng truyn v th cng thp. R rng nu khng kt hp thm vi cc
k thut khc th phng php ny s khng thch hp vi cc cp thp, i
hi trao i d liu nh k, thi gian thc.

1.5. Cc loi Ethernet

IEEE pht trin chun Ethernet trn nhiu cng ngh truyn dn khc
nhau v th c nhiu loi Ethernet. Mi loi mng m t da theo 3 yu t: tc
, phng thc tn hiu s dng v c tnh ng truyn vt l.

1.5.1. Cc h thng Ethernet 10 Mb/s

- 10base5. y l tiu chun Ethernet u tin, da trn cp ng trc
loi dy. Tc t c 10 Mb/s, s dng bng tn c s, chiu di cp ti
a cho mt phn on mng l 500m.
- 10base2. C tn l thin Ethernet, da trn cc h thng cp ng
trc mng vi tc 10 Mb/s, chiu di cp ti a ca phn on l 185m
( IEEE lm trn thnh 200m).
- 10baseT. Ch T l vit tt ca Twisted cp xon cp. 10BaseT
hot ng vi tc 10Mb/s da trn h thng xon cp Cat 3 tr ln.
- 10BaseF. F l vit tt ca Fiber Optic (si quang). y l chun cho
si quang hot ng vi tc 10 Mb/s, ra i nm 1993.

1.5.2. Cc h thng Ethernet tc 100 Mb/s- Ethernet cao tc (fast

Ethernet)
- 100BaseT. Chun Ethernet hoat ng vi tc 100 Mb/s trn c
cp xon cp ln cp si quang.

17
 - 100BaseX. Ch X ni ln c tnh m ha ng truyn c h
thng ny (s dng phng php m ha 4B/5B ca chun FDDI) bao gm 2
chun 100BaseFX V 100BaseTX.
100BaseFX. Tc 100 Mb/s, d dng cp si quang a mode.
100BaseTX. Tc 100 Mb/s, s dng cp xon cp.
100BaseT2 v 100BaseT4. Cc chun ny s dng 2 cp v 4 cp
cp xon cp Cat 3 tr ln tuy nhin hin nay hai chun ny t
c s dng.

1.5.3. Cc h thng Giga Ethernet

- 1000BaseX: Ch X ni ln c tnh m ha ng truyn (chun ny
da trn kiu m ha 8B/10B dng trong h thng kt ni tc cao Fiber
channel c pht trin bi ANSI) chun 1000BaseX gm 3 loi:
1000Base-SX: tc 1000 Mb/s, s dng si quang vi sng ngn.
1000Base-LX: tc 1000 Mb/s, s dng si quang vi sng di.
1000Base-cX: tc 1000 Mb/s, s dng cp ng.
- 1000BaseT: Hot ng tc Giga bit, bng tn c s trn cp
xon cp Cat 5 tr ln. S dng kiu m ha ng truyn ring t c
tc cao trn loi cp ny.

1.5.4. Chun IEEE 802

IEEE 802 l hoc cc chun IEEE snh cho cc mng LAN v mn MAN
(metropolitan area network). C th hn,cc chun IEEE 802 c gii hn
cho cc mng mang cc gi tin c kch thc a dng. Khc vi cc mng
ny, d liu trong cc mng cell-based c truyn theo n v nh c cng
kch thc c gi l cell. Cc mng Iosochronous, ni d liu c truyn
theo mt dng lien tc cc octet, hoc nhm cc octet, ti cc khong thi
gian u n, cng nm ngoi phm vi ca chun ny.

18
 Cc dch v v giao thc c c t trong IEEE 802 nh x ti hai tng
thp (tng lin kt d liu v tng vt l ca m hnh 7 tng OSI). Thc t,
IEEE 802 chia tng lin kt d liu OSI thnh hai tng con LLC (iu khin
lin kt lgic) v MAC (iu khin truy nhp mi trng truyn), do cc
tng ny c th c lit k nh sau:
- Tng lin kt d liu
- Tng con LLC
- Tng con MAC
- Tng vt l
H chun IEEE 802 c bo tr bi Ban Tiu Chun LAN/MAN IEEE
802 (IEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards Committee (LMSC)). Cc chun c
dng rng ri nht l dnh cho h Ethernet, Token Ring, mng LAN khng
dy, c mng LAN dng bridge v bridge o (Bridging and Virtual Bridged
LANs). Chun dnh cho h Ethernet l chun IEEE 802.3.

Chng 2: H giao thc TCP/IP

2.1. H giao thc TCP/IP
TCP/IP l b giao thc cho php kt ni cc h thng mng khng ng
nht vi nhau.TCP/IP l tn vit tt ca Transmission Control Protocol
(giao thc iu khin truyn thng)/Internet Protocol (Giao thc Internet),
ngy nay TCP/IP c s dng rng ri trong cc mng cc b cng nh trn
mng Internet ton cu.

19
 TCP/IP khng ch gm hai giao thc m thc t n l t hp ca nhiu
giao thc. Chng ta gi l 1 h giao thc hay b giao thc (Suite Of
Protocols).
TCP/IP l mt b giao thc c thit k t c hai mc tiu chnh:
1. Cho php truyn thng qua cc ng dy ca mng rng
(Wide Area Network WAN).
2. Cho php truyn thng gia cc mi trng a dng.
TCP/IP s dng m hnh truyn thng 4 tng hay gi l truyn hnh DoD
(m hnh ca b quc phng M). TCP/IP c xem l gin lc ca m hnh
tham chiu OSI, cc tng trong m hnh ny l (theo th t t trn xung):
- Tng ng dng (Application Layer).
- Tng giao vn (Transport Layer).
- Tng mng (Internet Layer).
- Tng lin mng (Network Interface Layer).

Hnh 2. 1: Kin trc TCP/IP

Cng tng t nh trong m hnh OSI, khi truyn d liu, qu trnh tin
hnh t tng trn xung tng di, qua mi tng d liu c thm vo mt
thng tin iu khin c gi l phn header. Khi nhn d liu th qu trnh
xy ra ngc li, qua mi tng th phn header tng ng c ly i v khi
n tng trn cng th d liu khng cn phn header na.

20
 Hnh 2. 2: Qu trnh ng/m gi d liu trong TCP/IP

Hnh 2. 3: Cu trc d liu trong TCP/IP

Hnh v 2.3 cho ta thy lc d liu qua cc tng. Trong hnh v ny

ta thy ti cc tng khc nhau, d liu c mang nhng thut ng khc nhau:

21
 - Trong tng ng dng d liu l cc lung c gi l stream.
- Trong tng giao vn, n v d liu m TCP gi xung tng di gi
l
- TCP segment.
- Trong tng mng, d liu m IP gi ti tng di c gi l IP
datagram.
- Trong tng lin kt, d liu c truyn i gi l frame.

2.1.1. Tng ng dng (Application layer)

Tng ng dng l tng trn cng ca m hnh TCP/IP bao gm cc tin
trnh v cc ng dng cung cp cho ngi s dng truy cp mng. c
dng nh dng v trao i thng tin ngi dng. Mt s giao thc thng
dng trong tng ny l:
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Cofiguraiton Protocol): giao thc cu hnh
trm ng.
- DNS (Domain Name System): h thng tn min.
- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): giao thc qun l
mng n gin.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): giao thc truyn tp tin.
- TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol): giao truyn tp tin bnh
thng.
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): giao thc gi th n gin.
- TELNET: l chng trnh m phng thit b u cui cho php
ngi dng thit b login vo mt my ch t mt my tnh no trn mng.
- Tng ng dng trao i d liu vi lp di (lp vn chuyn) qua
cng. vic dng cng bng s cho php giao thc ca lp vn chuyn bit loi
ni dung no cha bn trong gi d liu. Nhng cng c nh bng s v
nhng ng dng chun thng c dng cng cng. V d: giao thc FTP

22
dng c 20 cho d liu v cng 21 cho iu khin, giao thc SMTP dng
cng 25

2.1.2. Tng giao vn (Transport layer)

C trch nhim thit lp phin truyn thng gia cc my tnh v quy
nh cch truyn d liu, hai giao thc chnh cho tng ny gm:
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol): cn gi l giao thc gi ngi dng.
UDP cung cp mt dch v n gin hn cho tng ng dng. N cung cp
knh truyn thng phi kt ni, ch gi cc gi d liu t trm ny ti trm kia
m khng m bo cc gi tin n c ti ch. Cc ng dng dng UDP
thng ch truyn nhng gi c kch thc nh, tin cy d liu ph thuc
vo tng ng dng. Cc c ch m bo tin cy cn c thc hin bi
tng trn.
- TCP (transmission Control Protocol): Ngc li vi UDP, TCP cung
cp cc knh truyn thng hng kt ni v m bo truyn d liu mt cch
tin cy. N cung cp mt lung d liu tin cy gia hai trm, s dng cc c
ch nh chia nh cc gi tin ca tng trn thnh cc gi tin c kch thc
thch hp cho tng mng bn di, bo nhn gi tin, t hn ch thi gian
time-out m bo bn nhn bit c cc gi tin gi i. TCP thng
truyn cc gi tin c kch thc ln v yu cu pha nhn xc nhn v cc gi
tin nhn. Do tng ny m bo tnh tin cy, tng trn s khng cn quan
tm n na.

2.1.3. Tng mng (internet layer)

Nm bn trn tng lin mng. Tng ny c chc nng gn a ch, ng
gi v nh tuyn (Route) d liu. 4 giao thc quan trng nht trong tng ny
gm:
- IP (internet Protocol): C chc nng gn a ch cho d liu trc khi
truyn v nh tuyn chng ti ch.

23
 - ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): c chc nng phin dch a ch
IP ca my ch thnh a ch MAC.
- ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): c chc nng thng bo
li khi truyn d liu b hng.
- IGMP (Internet Group Managemant Protocol): c chc nng iu
khin truyn a hng (multicast).

2.1.4. Lp lin mng (Network Interface Layer)

Tng giao tip mng lin quan n vic trao i d liu gia hai trm
thit b trong cng mt mng. Cc chc nng bao gm vic kim sot truy
nhp mi trng truyn dn, kim sot li v lu thng d liu. Datagram
c to bi t lp mng (Internet) s c gi xung ti lp lin mng
(Network Interface Layer) nu truyn d liu, hoc tng lin mng (Network
Interface Layer) s ly d liu t mng v gi n ti lp mng (Internet) nu
chng ta nhn d liu.
Tng ny bao gm cc thit b giao tip mng (Card Mng v Cp Mng)
v chng trnh cung cp cc thng tin cn thit c th hot ng, truy
nhp ng truyn vt l qua thit b giao tip mng .
Nh cp phn trn, Ethernet l giao thc cp di c ba lp LLC
(Logic Link Control), MAC (Media Access Control), v lp vt l physical.

2.2. Cu trc gi tin IP, TCP,ARP,UDP

2.2.1. Cu trc a ch IP
Mng Internet dng h thng a ch IP (32 bit) nh v cc my
tnh lin kt vi n c hai cch nh a ch ph thuc vo cch lin kt ca
tng my tnh c th.
Nu cc my tnh c kt ni trc tip vi mng Internet th NIC
(Network Information Centre) s cp cho my tnh mt a ch IP (IP
Adress).

24
 Nu cc my tnh khng kt ni trc tip vi mng Internet m thng
qua mt mng cc b th ngi qun tr mng s cp cho cc my tnh mt
a ch IP (tuy nhin cng di s cho php ca NIC).
H thng a ch ny c thit k mm do qua mt s phn lp, c 5
lp a ch IP l: A, B, C, D, E. S khc nhau c bn gia cc lp a ch ny
l kh nng t chc cc cu trc con ca n.

Hnh 2. 4: t chc a ch IP

- a ch lp A: lp A s dng byte u tin ca 4 byte nh a ch

mng. Nh hnh trn, n nhn ra c bit u tin trong byte u tin ca a
ch c gi tr bng 0.3 bytes cn li c s dng nh a ch my trong
mng. C 126 a ch lp A (c nh a ch trong byte th nht) vi s
my tnh trong mng l 2563-2= 16.777.214 my cho mi mt a ch lp A
(s dng 3 bytes nh a ch my).
- a ch lp B: Mt a ch lp B c nhn ra bi 2 bt u tin ca
byte th nht mang gi tr 10. Lp B s dng 2 bt u tin ca byte nh
a ch mng v 2 byte cui nh a ch my trong mng. C 64*256 -2 =
16.128 a ch mng lp B vi 65.534 my cho mi mt a ch mng lp B.
- a ch lp C: mt a ch lp C c nhn ra vi 3 bt u mang gi
tr 110. Mng lp C s dng 3 byte u nh a ch mng v mt byte
cui nh a ch my tnh c trong mng. C 2.079.125-2 a ch lp C,
mi a ch lp C c 254 my.

25
 - a ch lp D: Dng gi cc IP datagram ti mt nhm cc host
trn mt mng.
- Lp a ch E: Dng d phng v dng trong tng lai.

2.2.2. Cu trc gi tin IP

Ver-4 bit : ch version hin hnh ca IP ang c dng, nu trng ny
khc vi phin bn IP ca thit b nhn, thit b nhn s loi b cc gi tin ny.
IHL (IP Header Length)- 4 bit ch di phn header ca gi tin, tnh
theo t 32 bt.
TOS (Type of Service)- 1byte: cho bit dch v no m gi tin mun s
dng chng hn nh u tin, thi hn chm tr, nng sut truyn v tin
cy c th nh sau:
- 3 bt u ch quyn u tin gi gi tin, t gi tin bnh thng l 0 n
gi tin kim sot mng l 7.
- Mt bt tip theo ch ch yu cu, 0 ng vi gi tin c tr bnh
thng, 1 ng vi gi tin c tr thp.
- Mt bt tip theo ch thng lng yu cu s dng truyn gi tin
vi la chn truyn trn ng thng sut thp hay trn ng thng
sut cao, 0 ng vi thng lng bnh thng, 1 ng vi thng lng
cao.
- 1 bt tip theo c tin cy yu cu, 0 ng vi tin cy bnh
thng, 1 ng vi tin cy cao.
Total length- 2byte: ch dai gi tin tnh c phn header, tnh theo n
v byte.
Indentification- 16 bt: cng vi cc tham s khc nh Source Address
Destination Address dng nh danh duy nht mt gi tin trong thi gian
n tn ti trn mng.
Flags: cc gi tin trn ng i c th b phn thnh nhiu gi tin nh.
Trng flags dng phn on v lp ghp cc gi tin c th nh sau:

26
 - Bt 0: cha s, dng lun ly gi tr 0.
- Bt 1: 0 ng vi gi tin b phn mnh, 1 ng vi gi tin b phn mnh.
- Bt 2: 0 ng vi gi tin thuc phn on cui cng ca gi tin gc, 1
ng vi gi tin khng phi l phn on cui cng ca gi tin gc.
Fragment Offset-32 bt: ch v tr ca phn on trong gi tin gc, tnh
theo n v 8 byte.
Time to live 1 byte: quy nh thi gian tn ti tnh bng giy ca gi
tin trong mng. Thi gian ny c t bi trm gi v gim i (thng quy
c l 1) khi gi tin i qua mi router ca lin mng. Mt gi tr ti thiu phi
ln mng hot ng tt.
Protocol : ch tng giao thc k tip s nhn c d liu trm ch.
TCP c ng vi gi tr 6, UDP c ng vi gi tr 17, 1 ng vi ICMP.
Header checksum- 2byte: Dng pht hin li header ca gi tin xy ra
trong qu trnh truyn ca n.
Cource IP Address- 4 byte: a ch IP ca ni truyn gi tin.
IP Option- di thay i: khai bo cc la chn do ngi s dng yu
cu, v d nh: mc bo mt, ng m gi tin c gi i, timestamp
mi router.
Padding- di thay i: Dng m bo cc header lun kt thc
mt mc 32 bt.
Data chiu di thay i lp trn, chiu di thay i n 64Kb.

2.2.3. Cu trc gi tin TCP

n v d liu trong TCP c gi l Segment vi cu trc nh sau:
- Cource Port 2byte: s hiu cng TCP ca trm ngun.
- Destination Port 2byte: s hiu cng TCP ca trm ch.
- Sequence number: s hiu byte u tin ca Segment, nu c SYN
bt th n l s th t gi ban u v byte u tin c gi c s th t ny
cng thm 1, nu khng c SYN th y l s th t ca byte u tin.

27
 - Acknowledgment number 2 byte: nu c ACK bt th gi tr ca
trng chnh l s th t ca gi tin tip theo m bn nhn cn. Bo l nhn
tt cc segment m trm ch gi cho trm ngun.
- Data Offest- 4bit: di ca phn header tnh theo n v t 32 bt.
Tham s ny ch ra v tr bt u ca ngun d liu.
- Reserved- 6 bt.
- Flags : cc bt iu khin
URG: Vng con tr khn c hiu lc.
ACK: Vng bo nhn ACK number c hiu lc.
PSH: Chc nng PUSH.
RST: Khi ng li lin kt.
SYN: ng b ha s liu tun t.
FIND: khng cn d liu trm ngun.
- Window- 2byte: s byte d liu bt u t byte c ch ra trong
ACK number m chm ngun sn sang nhn.
- Checksum: checksum cho c phn header ln d liu.
- Urgent Pointer 2byte: nu c URG bt th gi tr trng ny chnh
l s 16 bt m s th t gi tin cn dch tri.
- Option -2byte: vng ty chn, khai bo cc option ca TCP trong
c di ti a ca vng TCP data trong 1 segment.
- Padding-: phn chn thm vo header m bo phn header lun
kt thc mt mc 32 bt.
- TCP data: cha d liu, ca tng trn c di ti a ngm nh l
536 byte. Ga tr ny c th khai bo trn phn Option.

2.2.4. Cu trc gi tin ARP (Adrees Resolution Protocol)

Mi my tnh cng nm trn mt mng c cng mt net ID v cc my
tnh cng trn mng vt l c th gi frame vt l trc tip cho nhau nn vic
truyn thng tin gia hai my tnh trong cng mt mng vt l khng cn s
28
dng gateway. Vic dn ng trc tip ch s dng phn a ch my host ID
trong a ch IP. Trm gi ch vic kt khi d liu vo frame, chuyn a ch
IP ca trm ch thnh a ch vt l v gi trc tip frame ti my nhn.
Mt c ch s dng chuyn a ch IP thnh a ch vt l l ARP
(Address Resolution Protocol). Khi hai my tnh cng ni vo mt mng vt
l, chng bit c a ch IP ca nhau nhng truyn thng gia hai my,
chng phi bit c a ch vt l ca nhau. ARP gii quyt vn chuyn
t a ch IP 32 bits sang a ch Ethernet 48 bits. Ngi ta s dng hai c ch
l ARP request v ARP relay.

Hnh 2. 5: M t ng truyn d liu ARP

2.2.4.1. M t hot ng ca khung ARP

Chuyn giao trc tip: a ch vt l l mt hm ca a ch IP v d s
dng trn mng token ring proNET-10 l mng cho php t a ch IP v a
ch vt l thoi mi. Ngi ta c th t a ch IP l 192.5.48.3 v a ch vt
l l 3, khi ta c PA = f(IA). Vi PA l a ch vt l, IA l a ch Internet
v f l hm chuyn i.
Chuyn giao gin tip: Chuyn giao a ch ng c thc hin bng

29
cch my tnh mun gi thng tin gi mt thng bo ti ton b cc my tnh
trn mng, trong thng bo c cha a ch IP ca my tnh n cn lin lc,
mi my s nhn c thng bo v my no thy a ch IP ca mnh th tr
li mt thng bo cha a ch vt l ca chnh mnh. Khi hai my tnh c
th ni chuyn vi nhau.
Ngoi ra, ngi ta cn s dng bng ch ng lu tr tm thi cc
a ch s dng mi nht (Address Reslution Cache) tng tc ca vic
chuyn giao a ch.
Mt gi thng tin ARP l mt Ethernet Frame c truyn trc tip t
my ny ti my khc. V khng phi s dng IP, gi tin ny khng c a ch
IP cng nh khng cn c dn ng, n phi c gi broadcast ti tt c
cc my trn mng Ethernet (vi a ch FFFF_FFFF_FFFF).

Bng 2. 1: M t gi thng tin ARP

Khng ging phn ln cc giao thc khc,d liu trong ARP khng c
mt nh dng chun cho header. ARP c th lm vic vi nhiu cng
ngh khc nhau, ngi ta dng mt trng cha di ca nhng trng
i sau n.

30
 Trong trng hp my tnh trm khng c thit b nh ph, v v vy n
khng bit a ch IP ca chnh mnh khi khi ng, ngi ta s dng c ch
chuyn ngc a ch (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RARP) hot
ng tng t ARP gii quyt vn ny. Theo c ch , c mt my
ch cha bng a ch IP ca cc my trm, khi my trm khi ng, n gi
mt request ti tt c cc my v my ch gi tr li mt gi tin cha a ch
IP ca my trm yu cu..

2.2.4.2. Gi tin ca ARP

Protocol type: 0x0800 cho IP (0000.1000.0000.0000).
- Hardware len = 6 bytes cho ethernet.
- Protocol len = 4 bytes cho IP.
- ARP operation:
1= yu cu
2 = p li
3/4 = RARP yu cu/p li

Bng 2. 2: Khung d liu ARP

Destination Source Address Frame (ARP) Data CRC

Address type

6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes 28 bytes 4 ytes

2.2.4.3. Trng ca khung ARP

a ch ch (ethernet destination address):
FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF l a ch broadcast cho ARP request.
a ch ngun (ethernet source address) l a ch ca ARP yu cu.
31
 Frame type:
o ARP yu cu hoc p li (ARP request/rely) : 0x0806
o RARP yu cu hoc p li (RARP request/rely): 0x08035
o IP: 0x0800

2.2.5. Cu trc gi tin UDP

Vng header ca UDP c 64 bt vi 4 trng:
- Source port 2byte: xc nh cng ca ngi gi thng tin v c
ngha nu mun nhn thng tin phn hi t ngi nhn. nu khng th t n
bng 0.
- Dentination port-2byte: xc nh cng nhn thng tin v trng ny
l cn thit.
- Length- 2 byte: l chiu di ca ton b gi tin (phn header v phn
d liu). chiu di ti thiu l 8 byte khi gi tin khng c d liu m ch c
header.
- Checksum- 2byte: dng cho vic kim tra li ca phn header v
phn d liu.

2.2.6. Giao thc iu khin truyn tin ICMP (Internet Control

Message Protocol).
Vic dn ng qua cc mng s dng giao thc diu khin truyn tin
(Internet Control Message Protocol - ICMP) c nh ngha trong RFC 792.
ICMP s dng gi tin IP chuyn thng bo ca n. ICMP gi cc thng
bo lm cc cng vic: iu khin, thng bo li v chc nng thng tin cho
TCP/IP. Thng thng ICMP c gi khi mt gi tin khng th i ti ch,
mt gateway khng cn ch nh nhn thm gi tin hay mt gateway
hng dn my tnh s dng gateway khc truyn thng tin theo mt con
ng ti u hn.
Cu trc gi tin ICMP:

32
 Mc d mi thng bo ICMP c mt kiu nh dng ring ca n, song
cc thng bo u cha 3 trng u tin ging nhau:
TYPE: nh ngha thng bo i sau.
CODE: Cung cp thng tin thm v thng bo.
CHECKSUM: Cha checksum ca thng bo.

Bng 2. 3: Cu trc gi ICMP

Type Field ICMP Message Type

0 Echo Reply
3 Destination neachable
4 Source Quench
5 Redirect (Change a router)
8 Echo Request
11 Time Exceeded for a Datagram
12 Parameter Problem on a Datagram
13 Timestamp Request
14 Timestamp Reply
15 Information Request
16 Information Reply
17 Address Mask Request
18 Address Mask Reply

33
 Chng 3: Phn cng
3.1. Vi iu khin PIC
3.1.1. Gii thiu v vi iu khin PIC
PIC l mt h vi iu khin theo kin trc Havard c sn xut bi
cng ty Microchip Techonology
3.1.1.1. Lch s pht trin
Nm 1965 hng Genneral Instrument thnh lp ban vi in t nhm tp
trung nghin cu cng ngh ch to b nh EPROM v EEPROM , l cc
linh kin thu ht nhiu u t ca cc phng th nghim bn dn.u nhng
nm 70 Genneral Instrument cng ch to vi x l 16 bit PC1600.B x l
ny kh tt nhng c nhc im l kh nng co ra khng mnh thch
ng b x l PC1600 trong cc ng dng cn c tnh nng cao. Nm 1975
Genneral Instrument thit keess vi mch iu khin giao tip ngoi vi
(Peripheral interface controler) vit tt l PIC, l linh kin h tr cc tnh
nng vo ra do b m lnh ca n kh nh gn. Nhng vi iu khin PIC
u tin c im yu l ch to theo cng ngh n-MOS nn tiu th nhiu
nng lng, b nh chng trnh l loi ROM mt n ch np c mt ln,
do chng trnh iu khin c np ngay khi ch to vi mch nn ch
thch hp vi cc khc hang t mua vi s lng ln, lp rp trong sn
xut nhng sn phm c th.
Nhng nm u thp k 80 Genneral Instument gp kh khan trong
thng mi v t chc li.Hng tp trung vo ch to linh kin bn dn cng
sut ln l th mnh cho ti hin nay ca hang. General Instrument chuyn
nhng Ban vi in t v nh my ti Chandle, bang Anizona cho c nh u
t. H lp ra mt cng ty mi, t tn l Arizpna Microchip technology hin
nay l Microchip technology Inc.
Chin lc ca nh u t l tp chung vo vi iu khin v b nh ca
bn dn. Cc vi mch PIC n-MOS c ci tin, ch to da trn nn tng
cng ngh mi CMOS. Cc sn phm u tin ca Microchip c bit ti v
34
bn ra vi s lng ln l cc vi iu khin PIC thc h PIC16C5x. H ny
c hai bin th vi b nh chng trnh l OTP v UV EPROM. Loi OTP c
th np trnh mt ln dng cho sn xut loi ln. Loi UV EPROM c th
xa c bng tia cc tm (tia UV) dng khi pht trin, th nghim phn mm.
Mn 1983 Microchip l hng u tin tch hp c b nh chng
trnh fash EEPROM vo nhng vi iu khin mi, trong c bit n
nhiu nht l PIC16C84 v PIC16F84. B nh chng trnh fash loi b
vai tr ca vi iu khin c b nh xa bng tia cc tm, c v bng gm t
tin v cc n chiu tia cc tm.
3.1.1.2. Phn loi
Hin nay c kh nhiu cc dng PIC v c nhiu khc bit v phn cng,
nhng cc chc nng chnh c th im qua mt vi nt nh sau:
8/16 bit CPU, xy dng theo kin trc Harvard c sa i khc vi kin
trc Von Neumann ca AVR.
Flash v ROM c th ty chn t 256 byte n 256Kbyte
Cc cng Xut/Nhp (T/O ports) (mc logic thng t 0V n 5.5V,
ng vi logic 0 v logic 1).
8/16 Bit Tmer
Cng ngh Nanowatt (dng PIC 18Fxxxx)
Cc chun giao tip ngoi vi ni tip ng b/Khng ng b USART,
AUSART, EUSARTs.
B chuyn i ADC Analog to-digital converters , 10/12bit
B so snh in p (Voltage Comparators)
Cc module Capture/Compare/PWM.
LCD
MSSP peripheral dung cho giao tip I2C, SPI, I2S.
B nh ni EEPROM c th ghi/xa ln ti 1 triu ln
Module iu khin ng c, c encoder
H tr giao tip USB
35
 H tr iu khin Ethernet
H tr giao tip CAN
H tr giao tip LIN
H tr giao tip IrDA
Mt s dng c tch hp b RF (PIC 16F639 v rfPIC)
KEELOQ m ha v gii m
DSP nhng tnh nng x l tn hiu s (dsPIC)
Tiu chun phn nhm da vo s khc nhau v kin trc b x l
bn trong ca vi iu khin:
- S cc thanh ghi c th truy nhp c.
- C hay khng c ngt, s lng ngt .
- di t lnh.
- Chia lm 4 h:
H cp thp (low - end): 12C5xx,16C5x,16C505, 16HV540.
H cp chung (mid - range): 12C6xx, 14C000, 16C6x, 16C62x,
16F62x,16C67x, 16CC8x, 16F87x, 169xx.
H cp cao (high - end): 17Cxxx.
H cp cao (high performance): 18Cxxx,18Fxx2.

3.1.2. Mt s u im ca Microchip PIC

B np trnh cho PIC c th t lp rp mt cch d dng vi chi ph
thp dp IC ch yu np trnh theo chun ICSP (In Circuit Siral
Programming) l phng php np trnh ni tip: cc d liu c np vo
b nh chng trnh thng qua 2 chn vo /ra c gn l cng truy nhp n
b nh chng trnh trong qu trnh np trnh. Do nh c b nh flash v
np trnh theo chun ICSP m nhng ngi nghin cu v s dng PIC tit
kim c ng k cho ph mua cc cng c np. Vi b nh flash th thi
gian np trnh cng c ci thin ng k (ch khong vi chc giy) so vi
UV EPROM (c vi chc pht).
36
 Microchip cng cung cp rt y v chi tit cc ti liu k thut v
tt c cc loi vi iu khin PIC. Ngoi ra cn c rt nhiu sch vit v PIC
v cc trang web ni v vi iu khin ny. Ti liu h tr cho vi iu khin
PIC ch dung sau my tnh c nhn PC v v doanh s bn ra th trng hin
nay. Microchip ng u v doanh s bn PIIC 8bit, vt ln cc vi iu
khin ca Motorola.

3.1.3. Vi iu khin PIC18F4550

3.1.3.1. PIC18F4550

Hnh 3. 1: Hnh thc t ca PIC18F4550

PIC18F4550 l vi iu khin thuc nhm cao cp trong dng vi iu

khin PIC18 hiu sut tnh ton ln, gi c ph hp - bn cao, dung
lng b nh chng trnh c nng cp. Ngoi ra chng cn c thit k
ph hp cho nhng ng dng c hiu sut cao, t tiu tn nng lng.
Nhng tnh nng PIC18F4550
Tn s hot ng: DC - 48 MHz
B nh chng trnh (Bytes): 32768
B nh chng trnh (Ch nh): 16384
B nh d liu (Bytes): 2048
B nh EEPROM d liu (Bytes): 256

37
 Ngun ngt: 20
Cng I/O: Ports A,B,C,D,E
Timers: 4
Module Capture/Compare/PWM: 1
Module Capture/Compare/PWM ci tin: 1
Giao tip ni tip: MSSP, USART ci tin.
Module Universal Serial Bus (USB): 1
Streaming Parallel Port (SPP): c
Module 10-Bit Analog-to Digital: 13 Input Channels
B so snh (Comparators): 2
Resets (and Delays): POR, BOR, RESET Instruction, Stack Full,
Stack Underflow (PWRT, OST), MCLR (optional), WDT
Programmable Low-Voltage Detect: c
Programmable Brown-out Reset: c
Instruction Set: 75 Instructions; 83 with Extendexd Instruction Set
enabled
Packages: 40-Pin PDIP, 44-Pin QFN, 44-Pin TQFP
im ch ca PIC18f4550:
Vi b nh c 32kb Flash lu tr chng trnh, 2kb b nh SRAM
bay hi v 256byte EEPROM (B nh khng bay hi) lu tr di
hn d liu nh cu hnh.
Cc ch th di 1byte vi ngoi l di 2byte (CALL, MOVFF, GOTO,
LSFR). S dng c ch ng ng thc thi m bng vic khin cc
ch th lin tip hot ng trong 4 xung nhp ( di xung) c 4 ln
nhy xung c thm vo.

Cc c tnh ng ch khc l c ng h, ngt (ng h gn trong

v gn ngoi) vi hai mc u tin v dung c hai mc nh b so snh

38
 tng t km theo vi b pht in th chun c 16 mc (hu ch khi
dung trigger mc phn cng).
Cui cng, PIC cng c b chuyn i tng t 10 bit nhng dao
ng k khng yu cu v tc cao cn thit. V vy my pht dao
ng c tc
48Mhz gia thi gian tr do truyn ti cc ngt khc (vng lp).
Khng th t c tc ln hn 200Khz.
3.1.3.2 S
chn

Hnh 3. 2: s chn ca PIC18F4550

3.1.3.3 Chc nng ca cc chn PIC18F4550

Bng 3. 1: Bng chc nng chn ca PIC18F4550

Thanh Kiu
Chc
Ghi I/O
stt chn nng I/O M t
TRIS

39
 Master clear.chn reset u vo
MCLR MCLR 1 I ST
thit lp
/
1 u vo knh 0 ca b bin i
VPP/R VPP P
A/D
E3
RE3 1 I ST u vo s
OSC1 1 I ANA u vo ni vi b giao ng
OSC1/ u vo ngun xung ngoi, Lun
13
CLKI CLKI 1 I ANA gn lin vi
chc nng pin OSC1
OSC2 0 O -- u vo ni vi b giao ng
OSC2/ u vo ngun xung ngoi, Lun
CLKO 0 O --
14 CLKO gn lin vi
/RA6 chc nng pin OSC1
RA6 1/0 I/O TLL chn vo/ra bnh thng

Bng 3. 2: Bng chc nng chn ca PORTA

Thanh Kiu
Chc
Ghi I/O
stt chn nng I/O M t
TRIS
0 O Chiu ra vo d liu, khng nh
RA0
1 I TTL hng u vo tng t
RA0/A
2 u vo knh 0 ca b bin i
N0 ANA
AN0 1 I A/D

RA1/A 0 O Chiu ra vo d liu, khng nh

3 RA1
N1 1 I TTL hng u vo tng t

40
 u vo knh 1 ca b bin i
AN1 1 I ANA
A/D
0 O Chiu ra vo d liu, khng nh
RA2
1 I TTL hng u vo tng t
RA2/A
u vo knh 2 ca b bin i
N2/ AN2 1 I ANA
A/D
4 VREF-
A/D v u vo in p tham chiu
/CVRE VREF- 1 I ANA
mc thp b so snh
F
u ra in p tham chiu b so
CVREF X O ANA
snh
0 O Chiu ra vo d liu, khng nh
RA3 TTL
RA3/A 1 I hng u vo tng t
N3/ u vo knh 3 ca b bin i
5 AN3 1 I ANA
VREF A/D
+ A/D v u vo in p tham chiu
VREF+ 1 I ANA
mc cao b so snh
0 O Chiu ra vo d liu, khng nh
RA4 ST
RA4/T 1 I hng u vo tng t
0CKI/ T0CKI 1 I ST Cp xung cho timer0
6 C1OU u ra 1 b so snh/u tin hn
C1OUT 0 O --
T/ vo/ra d liu
RCV u vo USB thu pht RCV bn
RCV 1 I TTL
ngoi
RA5/A 0 O Chiu ra vo d liu, khng nh
RA5 TTL
N4/SS/ 1 I hng u vo tng t
7 HLVD u vo knh 4 ca b bin i
AN4 1 I ANA
IN/C2 A/D
OUT SS 1 I TTL u vo SS(la chn thit b t)

41
 ch SPI
HLVDI
1 I ANA u vo module pht in p cao
N
u ra 2 b so snh/u tin hn
C2OUT 0 O --
vo/ra d liu

Bng 3. 3: Bng chc nng chn ca PORTB

Thanh Kiu
Chc
Ghi I/O
stt chn nng I/O M t
TRIS
Chiu ra /vo d liu, khng nh
RB0 1/0 I/O TTL
hng u vo tng t
RB0/A
u vo knh 12 ca b bin i
N12/I AN12 1 I ANA
A/D
NT0/
33 INT0 1 I ST Ngt ngoi 0
FLT0/
u vo bo s c PWM(module
SDI/S FLT0 1 I ST
ECCP1)
DA
SDI 1 I ST u vo d liu ch SPI
SDA 1/0 I/O ST u vo/ra d liu ch I2C
Chiu ra/ vo d liu, khng nh
RB1 1/0 I/O TTL
hng u vo tng t
RB1/A
u vo knh 10 ca b bin i
N10/I AN10 1 I ANA
A/D
34 NT1/S
INT1 1 I ST Ngt ngoi 1
CK/SC
Xung ng b ni tip u vo/ra
L SCK 1/0 I ST
cho ch SPI
SCL 1/0 I/O ST Xung ng b ni tip u vo/ra

42
 cho ch I2C
Chiu ra/ vo d liu, khng nh
RB2 1/0 I/O TTL
RB2/A hng u vo tng t
N8 u vo knh 8 ca b bin i
35 AN8 1 I ANA
/INT2/ A/D
VMO INT2 1 I ST Ngt ngoi 2
VMO 0 O -- Ngt thu pht USB ,u ra VMO
Chiu ra /vo d liu, khng nh
RB3 1/0 I/O TTL
hng u vo tng t
RB3/A
u vo knh 9 ca b bin i
N9/CC AN9 1 I ANA
36 A/D
P2/VP
CCP2(1 u vo b capture CCP2/ CCP2
O 1/0 I/O ST
) ca b so snh u ra ca PWM
VPO 0 O -- Ngt thu pht USB ,u ra VPO
Chiu ra/vo d liu, khng nh
RB4 1/0 I/O TTL
RB4/A hng u vo tng t
N11/K u vo knh 11 ca b bin i
AN11 1 I ANA
37 BI0/CS A/D
SPP Chn ngt ca ngt thay i mc
KBI0 1 I TTL
PORTB
CSSPP 0 O -- iu kin chn chip u ra SPP
RB5 1/0 I/O TTL Chiu ra /vo d liu s
RB5/K Chn ngt ca ngt thay i mc
KBI1 1 I TTL
38 BI1/P PORTB
GM Tn hiu ni mch np ni
PGM 1/0 I/O ST
tip(ICSP)
RB6/K RB6 1/0 I/O TTL Chiu ra/ vo d liu s
39
BI2/P KBI2 1 I TTL Chn ngt ca ngt thay i mc

43
 GC PORTB
PGC 1/0 I/O ST u vo xung t(ICSP v ICD)
RB7/K RB7 1/0 I/O TTL Chiu ra/ vo d liu s
40 BI3/P Chn ngt ca ngt thay i mc
KBI3 1 I TTL
GD PORTB

Bng 3. 4: Bng chc nng chn ca PORTC

Thanh Kiu
Chc
Ghi I/O
stt chn nng I/O M t
TRIS
RC0/ RC0 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
T1OS T1OSO 0 O u ra b pht xung timer 1
15 O/
T13CK Cp xung cho timer1 /timer3 ch
T13CK 1 I ST
I m s kin (counter).
I
RC1 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
RC1/ CM u vo b dao ng timer1.cm
T1OSI x I
T1OSI/ OS u ra/vo s
16
CCP2/ CCP2(2 u vo capture (CCP2)/CCP2 ca
1/0 I/O ST
UOE ) b so snh v u ra ca PWM
UOE 0 Ngt thu pht USB ,u ra UOE
RC2 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
RC2/C u vo capture (CCP1)/ CCP1 ca
CCP1 1/0 I/O ST
17 CP1 b so snh v u ra ca PWM
/P1A in p tng cng u ra CCP1
P1A 0 O TTL
PWM, knh A.
23 RC4/ RC4 1 I TTL Chiu ra /vo d liu s

44
 D-/VM Dng tr khc bit USB (u vo/
D- 1/0 I/O
ra)
VM 1 I TTL Ngt thu pht USB ,u vo VM
RC5 1 I TTL Chiu ra /vo d liu s
RC5/D
Dng cng khc bit USB (u
24 + D+ 1/0 I/O
vo/ ra)
/VP
VP 1 O TTL Ngt thu pht USB ,u vo VP
RC6 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
RC6/T Chn truyn d liu ni tip khng
TX 0 O
25 X/ ng b ca module EUSART
CK Chn pht xung (clock) ng b
CK 1/0 I/O ST
ni tip ca module EUSART
RC7 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
Chn nhn d liu ni tip khng
RC7/R RX 0 O ST
ng b ca module EUSART
X/
26 Chn truyn d liu ni tip ng
DT/SD
DT 1/0 I/O ST b ca
O
module EUSART
SDO 1 I Chn ra d liu ca giao tip SPI

Bng 3. 5: Bng chc nng chn ca PORTD

Thanh Kiu
Chc
Ghi I/O
stt chn nng I/O M t
TRIS
RD0/S RD0 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
19 PP0
SPP0 1/0 I/O TLL Cng d liu song song

45
 RD1/S RD1 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
20 PP1
SPP1 1/0 I/O TLL Cng d liu song song

RD2/S RD2 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s

21 PP2
SPP2 1/0 I/O TLL Cng d liu song song

RD3/S RD3 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s

22 PP3
SPP3 1/0 I/O TLL Cng d liu song song

RD4/S RD4 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s

27 PP4
SPP4 1/0 I/O TLL Cng d liu song song

RD5 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s

RD5/S
SPP5 1/0 I/O TLL Cng d liu song song
28 PP5
u ra knh B ca b PWM tng
/P1B P1B 0 O
cng ECCP1
RD6 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
RD6/S
SPP6 1/0 I/O TLL Cng d liu song song
29 PP6
u ra knh C ca b PWM tng
/P1C P1C 0 O
cng ECCP1
RD7 1/0 I/O ST Chiu ra /vo d liu s
RD7/S
SPP7 1/0 I/O TLL Cng d liu song song
30 PP7
u ra knh D ca b PWM tng
/P1D P1D 0 O
cng ECCP1

Bng 3. 6: Bng chc nng chn ca PORTE

46
 Thanh Kiu
Chc
Ghi I/O
stt chn nng I/O M t
TRIS
Chiu ra /vo d liu s,khng nh
RE0 1/0 I/O ST
hng ca u vo analog
RE0/A
u vo knh 5 ca b chuyn i
8 N5/CK AN5 1 I ANA
A/D
1SPP
CK1SP
0 O Xung ra 1 SPP
P
Chiu ra /vo d liu s,khng nh
RE1 1/0 I/O ST
hng ca u vo analog
RE1/A
u vo knh6 ca b chuyn i
9 N6/CK AN6 1 I ANA
A/D
2SPP
CK2SP
0 O Xung ra 2 SPP
P
Chiu ra /vo d liu s,khng nh
RE2 1/0 I/O ST
RE2/A hng ca u vo analog
10 N7/OE u vo knh 7 ca b chuyn i
AN7 1 I ANA
SPP A/D
OESPP 0 O Cho php SPP u ra.
12
VSS
,3 VSS P Ni mass
1
11
VDD
,3 VDD P ST Ni ngun dng
2
Ni b USB u ra iu chnh in
29 VUSB VUSB 0 O ST
p 3.3V.

47
 Legend:
TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS
compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels I = Input
O = Output P = Power
Note 1: Alternate assignment for CCP2 when CCP2MX Configuration
bit is cleared.
2: Default assignment for CCP2 when CCP2MX Configuration bit is set.
3: These pins are No Connect unless the ICPRT Configuration bit is set.
For NC/ICPORTS, the pin is No Connect unless ICPRT is set and the
DEBUGConfiguration bit is cleared

3.3. Cm bin nhit LM35

IC o nhit l mt mch tch hp nhn tn hiu nhit chuyn thnh
tn hiu in di dng dng in hay in p. Da vo c tnh rt nhy ca
cc bn dn vi nhit , to ra in p hoc dng in t l thun vi nhit
tuyt i. o tn hiu in ta bit c gi tr ca nhit cn o. S tc
ng to ra in tch t do v l trng trong cht bn dn. Bng s ph v cc
phn t, bt cc electron thnh dng t d di chuyn qua cng cu trc mng
tinh th ta s xut hin cc l trng. Lm cho t l in t t do v l trng
tng ln theo quy lut hm m vi nhit .
Cc c trng ca LM35:
- Ng ra l in p.
- n v nhi : oC.
- Cc hiu nng cao, cng sut tiu th l 60uA.
- Sn phm khng cn phi canh chnh nhit khi s dng.
- nhy 10mV/1oC.
- Sai s cc u 1,5oC khi nhit ln hn 100oC.
- Phm vi s dng: 0oC => 100oC.

48
 - Chn +Vs l chn cung cp in p cho LM35 hot ng (4->20V)
- Chn Vout l chn in p ng ra ca LM35, c a vo chn
Analog ca cc b ADC.
- Chn GND l chn ni mas, lu cn ni mass chn ny trnh lm
hng cm bin cng nh lm gim sai s trong qu trnh o.
- C 10mV tng ng vi 1oC, 0oC in p ra l 0V, tng ng vi
gi tr ADC l 0. Ta dng ADC 10bit vi in p ly mu l 5V , gi tr ca
ADC t 0 n 1023. Vy mi gi tr ADC ng vi 5V/1024 = 4.883mV. Vy
1 gi tr ca A/D tng ng vi 0.4883oC. Mun tng phn gii A/D ta
gim gi tr in p ly mu i.

Hnh 3. 3: S chn ca LM35

Tnh ton chuyn mc logic chn ADC ca vi iu khin thnh

nhit hin th:
Ta c ADC 10bit, vy c 1024 mc lng t. in p ly mu trong bi ta s
dng l 5V. Nh vy mi mc lng t tng ng vi gi tr in p l:
LM35 thay i 10mV/1oC do ng vi thay i 1oC s thay i 2.048 mc
lng t (10mV/4.883mV = 2.048). Nh vy ta s c cng thc tnh nhit
hin th l:
Nhit = (oC)

49
 (Adc_value :l gi tr chn ADC ca PIC c t LM35)

3.4. Module Ethernet ENC28J60 v chun giao tip SPI

Thng thng kt ni thit b iu khin vi mng Ethernet c hai
cch, mt l s dng cc vi iu khin tch hp sn phn giao tip vi
Ethernet, ph bin l cc dng PIC18F66J60, PIC18F66J65, PIC18F67J60,
PIC18F67J60, PIC18F86J60. ca Microchip. S dng phng thc ny c
u im vit m code n gin, kch thc bo mch nh gn. Ngoi ra cn c
cch khc l s dng chip giao tip Ethernet ENC28J60, vi cch s dng ny
bo mch s c kch thc ln hn, thng tch thnh hai module c lp
c kt ni qua card h tr giao tip chun SPI (Serial Pheripheral Interface).
Trong module ghp ni Ethernet, ngi thc hin ti chn cch s
dng chip ENC28J60.

3.4.1. Vi Mch Ethernet ENC28j60

ENC28J60 l vi iu khin h tr kt ni Ethernet lp vt l tng t
trong m hnh OSI cho bt k vi iu khin no c giao tip SPI. ENC28J60
c thit k v ch to bi Microchip.
Phn cng ca ENC28J60 c tch hp trong c hai lp kt ni d liu
v lp vt l .
H tr giao tip SPI vi tc ti a t 20MHz.
in p hot ng ca ENC28J60 t 3.1V n 3.6V.
H tr cng ngh 10BASE-T.
H tr truyn song cng v bn song cng, ng thi nhm trnh xung
t trn knh truyn.

3.4.2. S chn v s khi ca ENC28j60

S chn ENC28j60:

50
Hnh 3. 4: S chn ENC28J60
S khi
ENC28J60:

Hnh 3. 5: S khi ENC28J60

51
3.4.3. S ghp ni vi iu khin vi ENC28j60

Hnh 3. 6: S ghp ni vi iu khin vi ENC28j60

- SCK Serial Clock Xung ng b cho ng ni tip

- SI Serial Input Tn hiu ni tip vo (ghi)
- SO Serial Output Tn hiu ni tip ra (c)

3.4.4. S nguyn l Module Ethernet

Hnh 3. 7 : S nguyn l Module Ethernet

Nguyn l hot ng ca mch:

Vi iu khin ENC28J60 c iu khin hon ton thng qua giao
tip SPI vi PIC18.
PIC18 ng vai tr l Master trong giao tip SPI vi ENC28J60.
Tng t nh kt ni mng trn PC, PIC18 ng vai tr l PC cn
ENC28J60 ng vai tr nh card mng.

52
 Nhn d liu: Tn hiu yu cu t mng truyn qua cng RJ45 vo
ENC28J60. ENC28J60 c thit k gii m tn hiu v chuyn tn hiu
thnh d liu v lu vo b m thu. Thng qua giao tip SPI, PIC18 lin tc
kim tra b m ca ENC28J60. Nu pht hin c d liu n s c d liu
v x l.
Truyn d liu: Thng qua giao tip SPI, PIC18 s gi d liu vo
b m pht ca ENC28J60. ENC28J60 s m ha d liu v truyn ra ng
RJ45 n a ch mong mun.

3.4.5. Module Ethernet

Hnh 3. 8: Module Ethernet thc t

- S dng chip ENC28j60 Ethernet, SOP 28 chn.

- Giao tip theo chun SPI.
- u ni RJ45 HR911105A.
- S dng in p 3,3V.
- Tn s 25Mhz.

53
 - Trong mch ny, s dng u cm giao tip RJ45 l HR911105A ca
HANRUN.HR911105A c tch hp sn bin p cad c 2 n led thng
bo trng thi kt ni ca mch.

3.4.6. Chun truyn thng SPI

SPI (Serial Peripheral Inteface) l mt chun truyn thng ni tip tc
cao do hng Motorola xut. y l kiu truyn thng Master-Slave, trong
c 1 chip Master iu phi qu trnh tuyn thng v cc chip Slaves c
iu khin bi Master v th truyn thng ch xy ra gia Master v Slave.
SPI l mt cch truyn song cng (full duplex) ngha l ti cng mt thi
im qu trnh truyn v nhn c th xy ra ng thi. SPI i khi c gi l
chun truyn thng 4 dy v c 4 ng giao tip trong chun ny l
SCK (Serial Clock), MISO (Master Input Slave Output), MOSI (Master
Ouput Slave Input) v SS (Slave Select).
SCK: Xung gi nhp cho giao tip SPI, v SPI l chun truyn ng b
nn cn 1 ng gi nhp, mi nhp trn chn SCK bo 1 bit d liu n hoc
i. y l im khc bit vi truyn thng khng ng b m chng ta bit
trong chun UART. S tn ti ca chn SCK gip qu trnh tuyn t b li v
v th tc truyn ca SPI c th t rt cao. Xung nhp ch c to ra bi
chip Master.
MISO Master Input/Slave Output: nu l chip Master th y l ng
Input cn nu l chip Slave th MISO li l Output. MISO ca Master v cc
Slaves c ni trc tip vi nhau.
MOSI Master Output/Slave Input: nu l chip Master th y l ng
Output cn nu l chip Slave th MOSI l Input. MOSI ca Master v cc
Slaves c ni trc tip vi nhau.
SS Slave Select: SS l ng chn Slave cn giap tip, trn cc chip
Slave ng SS s mc cao khi khng lm vic. Nu chip Master ko
ng SS ca mt Slave no xung mc thp th vic giao tip s xy ra

54
gia Master v Slave . Ch c 1 ng SS trn mi Slave nhng c th c
nhiu ng iu khin SS trn Master, ty thuc vo thit k ca ngi dng.

Hnh 3. 9: SPI gia mt chip Master v 3 chip Slave thng qua 4 ng.

Hot ng: mi chip Master hay Slave c mt thanh ghi d liu 8 bits.
C mi xung nhp do Master to ra trn ng gi nhp SCK, mt bit trong
thanh ghi d liu ca Master c truyn qua Slave trn ng MOSI, ng
thi mt bit trong thanh ghi d liu ca chip Slave cng c truyn qua
Master trn ng MISO. Do 2 gi d liu trn 2 chip c gi qua li ng
thi nn qu trnh truyn d liu ny c gi l song cng.

55
 Hnh 3. 10: Qu trnh truyn 1 gi d liu thc hin bi module SPI

Vi mch ENC28J60 giao tip vi cc vi x l khc thng qua chun

truyn d liu ni tip SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), dng ni cc vi
mch trong cng mt h thng vi u im l chy nhanh v tn rt t dy ni
tn hiu, ch cn 3 dy cho c ng ghi v c.
Sau y l b lnh SPI dng cho vi mch ENC28J60 v cc gin xung
th hin cc qu trnh ghi, c d liu, lnh gia vi x l v ENC28J60 :

Hnh 3. 11: Qu trnh c thanh ghi iu khin Ethernet

56
Hnh 3. 12: Qu trnh c thanh ghi iu khin MAC

Hnh 3. 13: Qu trnh ghi vo thanh ghi lnh

Hnh 3. 14: Qu trnh ghi vo b m lnh

57
 Hnh 3. 15: Qu trnh ghi vo lnh ca h thng

Mc d c thit k theo cu trc stand alone (mt chip lm ht

cc vic) nhng vic iu khin vi mch ny hot ng c l rt phc
tp v i hi c hiu bit kh ton din v vi iu khin, mch in t v
mng Internet. Tuy nhin, rt may mn cho ngi thit k v lp trnh v hng
MicroChip (hng sn xut vi mch ENC28J60) h tr ti a, bng cch
a ra y cc th vin phc v cho vic lp trnh, lm cho vic lp trnh
giao tip vi vi mch ny tr nn kh d dng.

3.5. Text LCD

3.5.1. Cu trc Text LCD
Text LCD l cc loi mn hnh tinh th lng dung hin th cc dng
ch hoc s trong bng m ASCII.Khng ging cc loi LCD ln, text LCD
c chia sn thnh tng v ng vi mi ch c th hin th mt k t
ASCII.Cng v l do ch hin th c k t ASCII nn loi LCD ny c
gi l Text LCD ( phn bit vi Graphic LCD c th hin th c hnh
nh). Mi ca Text LCD bao gm cc chm tinh th lng, vic kt hp n
v hincc chm ny s to thnh mt k t cn hin th. Trong Text LCD,
cc mu k t c inh ngha sn. Kch thc ca Text LCD c nh
ngha bng s k t c th hin th trn 1 dng v tng s dng m LCD c.
V d LCD 16x2 l loi c 2 dng v mi dng hin th ti a c 16 k t.
Mt s kch thc thng thng ca LCD l: 16x1, 16x2, 16x4, 20x2, 20x4

58
 Hnh 3. 16: Text LCD 16x2

Text LCD c 2 giao thc c bn l ni tip (nh I2C) v song song.

Trong phm vi bi hc ny chng ti ch gii thiu loi giao tip song song,
c th l LCD 16x2 iu khin bi chip HD44780U ca hang Hitachi. i vi
cc LCD khc bn cn tham kho datasheet ring ca tng loi , HD44780U
cng c gi l chun chung cho cc loi Text LCD, v th bn c th dung
chng trnh v d trong bi ny text trn cc LCD khc vi 1 t chnh sa
cho ph hp.
HD44780U l b iu khin cho cc Text LCD dng ma trn im, chip
ny c th c dung cho cc LCD c 1 hoc 2 dng hin th. HD44780U c
2 mode giao tip l 4bit v 8 bit. N cha sn 208 k t mu kch thc font
5x8 v 32 k t mu font 5x10 (tng cng c 240 mu k t khc nhau).

3.5.2. S chn

Bng 3. 7: Chc nng chn ca LCD

S th
Chc nng Tn Trng thi logic M t
t chn
59
 VSS
Ground 1 - 0V
(GND)
Ngun cho VDD
2 - +5V
LCD (VCC)
Tng
3 Vee - 0 Vdd
phn
0
4 RS D0-D7: lnh
1
0
iu khin 5 R/W D0-D7: d liu
1
LCD
0 Ghi (T PIC vo
6 E 1 LCD)
T 1 xung 0 c (t LCD vo PIC)
7 D0 0/1 Bit 0 LSB
8 D1 0/1 Bit 1
9 D2 0/1 Bit 2
D liu/ 10 D3 0/1 Bit 3
Lnh 11 D4 0/1 Bit 4
12 D5 0/1 Bit 5
13 D6 0/1 Bit 6
14 D7 0/1 Bit 7 MSB

Cc Text LCD theo chun HD44780U thng c 16 chn trong c 14

chn kt ni vi b iu khin v 2 chn ngun cho n LED nn. Th t
chn thng c sp xp nh hnh trn.
Trong mt s LCD 2 chn LED nn c nh s 15 v 16 nhng trong
mt s trng hp 2 chn ny c ghi l A(Anode) v K(Cathode).

60
 Hnh 3. 17: kt ni Text LCD vi Vi iu khin

Chn 1 v 2 l cc chn ngun, c ni vi GND v ngun 5V. Chn 3

l chn chnh tng phn (contrast), chn ny cn c ni vi 1 bin tr
t c tng phn cn thit, sau gia mc bin tr ny. Cc chn
iu khin RS, R/W,EN v cc ng d liu c ni trc tip vi vi iu
khin. Ty theo ch hot ng 4bit hay 8bit m cc chn t D0 n D3 c
th b qua hoc ni vi vi iu khin, chng ta s kho st k cng hn trong
cc phn sau.

3.5.3. iu khin hin th

Cc chn iu khin vic c v ghi LCD bao gm RS,R/W v EN.
Chn RS l chn s 3: Chn la chn thanh ghi ,chn ny cho php la chn 1
trong 2 thanh ghi R hoc DR lm vic. V c 2 thanh ghi ny u c kt

61
ni vi cc chn Data ca LCD nn cn 1 bit la chn gia chng. Nu
RS=0, thanh ghi IR c chn v nu RS=1 thanh ghi DR c chn. Chng
ta u bit thanh ghi IR l thanh ghi cha m lnh cho LCD, v th nu mun
gi 1 m lnh n LCD th chn RS phi c reset v 0. Ngc li, khi
mun ghi m ASCII ca k t cn hin th ln LCD th chng ta s set RS=1
chn thanh ghi DR. Hot ng ca chn RS c m t trong hnh 12.

Hnh 3. 18: Hot ng ca chn RS

R/W (chn s 4): Chn la chn gia vic c v ghi. Nu R/W=0 th d

liu s c ghi t b iu khin ngoi (vi iu khin AVR chng hn) vo
LCD. Nu R/W=1 th d liu s c c t LCD ra ngoi. Tuy nhin, ch c
duy nht 1 trng hp m d liu c th c t LCD ra, l c trng thi
LCD bit LCD c ang bn hay khng (c Busy Flag - BF). Do LCD l
mt thit b hot ng tng i chm (so vi vi iu khin), v th mt c
BF c dng bo LCD ang bn, nu BF=1 th chng ta phi ch cho
LCD x l xong nhim v hin ti, n khi no BF=0 mt thao tc mi s
c gn cho LCD. V th, khi lm vic vi Text LCD chng ta nht thit
phi c mt chng trnh con tm gi l wait_LCD ch cho n khi LCD
rnh. C 2 cch vit chng trnh wait_LCD. Cch 1 l c bit BF v kim
tra v ch BF=0, cch ny i hi lnh c t LCD v b iu khin ngoi,
do chn R/W cn c ni vi b iu khin ngoi. Cch 2 l vit mt
hm delay mt khong thi gian c nh no (tt nht l trn 1ms). u
im ca cch 2 l s n gin v khng cn c LCD, do chn R/W
62
khng cn s dng v lun c ni vi GND. Tuy nhin, nhc im ca
cch 2 l khong thi gian delay c nh nu qu ln s lm chm qu trnh
thao tc LCD, nu qu nh s gy ra li hin th. Trong bi ny ti hng dn
bn cch tng qut l cch 1, s dng cch 2 bn ch cn mt thay i nh
trong chng trnh wait_LCD (s trnh by chi tit sau) v kt ni chn R/W
ca LCD xung GND.
EN (chn s 5): Chn cho php LCD hot ng (Enable), chn ny cn
c kt ni vi b iu khin cho php thao tc LCD. c v ghi data
t LCD chng ta cn to mt xung cnh xung trn chn EN, ni theo cch
khc, mun ghi d liu vo LCD trc ht cn m bo rng chn EN=0, tip
n xut d liu n cc chn D0:7, sau set chn EN ln 1 v cui cng l
xa EN v 0 to 1 xung cnh xung.
3.5.4. Mch RJ14
- Mch s dng u cm giao tip RJ14 l HR911105A ca HANRUN,
HR911105A c tch hp sn bin p v c 2 con led thng bo trng
thi kt ni ca mch.

Hnh 3. 19: S khi ca HR911105A

63
 Chng 4: Trnh bin dch CCS v webserver
4.1. Trnh dch CCS (PIC C Compiler)
4.1.1. V sao ta s dng CCS
S ra i ca mt loi vi iu khin i km vi vic pht trin phn mm
ng dng cho vic lp trnh con vi iu khin . V iu khin ch hiu v
lm vic vi hai con s 0 v 1. Ban u vic lp trnh cho vi iu khin ch l
0 v 1. Sau ny khi kin trc vi iu khin ngy cng phc tp, s lng thanh
ghi lnh nhiu ln, vic lp trnh vi cc con s 0 v 1 khng cn ph hp na
i hi ra i ngn ng mi thay th. V ngn ng lp trnh Assembly, C
cng pht trin phc v cho vic giao tip vi vi iu khin. Bn cnh
cng ra i nhiu chng trnh son tho v bin dch d dng hn
ngn gn hn cho cc ngn ng : Keil C, CCS
Ti chn CCS lp trnh cho PIC, v CCS l mt cng c lp trnh C
mnh cho vi iu khin PIC.
4.1.2. Gii thiu v CCS
- CCS l trnh bin dch lp trnh ngn ng C cho vi iu khin PIC ca
hng Microchip. Chng trnh l s tch hp ca 3 trnh bin dch ring bit
cho 3 dng PIC khc nhau l:
PCB cho dng PIC 12-bit opcodes
PCB cho dng PIC 14-bit opcodes
PCB cho dng 16 v 18-bit
- Tt c 3 trnh bin dch ny c tch hp li trong mt chng trnh
bao gm c trnh son tho v bin dch CCS. Phin bn c s dng trong
ti liu ny l PCWH Compiler V 4.104.
- Ging nhiu trnh bin dch C khc cho PIC, CCS gip cho ngi s
dng nm bt nhanh c vi iu khin PIC v s dng PIC trong cc d n.
Cc chng trnh iu khin s c thc hin nhanh chng v hiu qu cao
thng qua vic s dng ngn ng np trnh cp cao ngn ng C.

64
 Hnh 4. 1: Giao din chng trnh CCS

4.1.3. To PROJECT u tin trong CCS

to mt Project trong CCS c nhiu cch, c th dng Project Wizard,
Manual Creat, hay n gin l to mt Files mi v thm vo cc khai bo
ban u cn thit v bt buc.
Di y s trnh by cch to mt project hp l theo c 3 phng
php. Mt iu ta cn ch khi to mt Project l: khi to bt c mt
Project no mi th ta nn to mt th mc mi vi tn lin quan n Project
ta nh lm, ri lu cc files vo .
Khi lp trnh v bin dch, CCS s to ra rt nhiu files khc nhau, do
nu chung cc Project trong mt th mc s rt mt thi gian trong vic

65
tm kim sau ny. y cng l quy tc chung khi ta lm vic vi bt k phn
mm no, thit k mch hay lp trnh .
To mt PROJECT s dng PIC Wizard
Trc ht bn khi ng chng trnh lm vic PIC C Compiler. T
giao din chng trnh di chut chn Project -> PIC Wizad.
Sau khi nhn chut, mt ca s hin ra yu cu ban nhp tn Files cn
to. Bn to mt th mc mi, vo th mc v lu tn files cn to ti y.

Hnh 4. 2: To file mi trong PCW compiler

Nh vy l xong bc u tin. Sau khi nhn nt Save, mt ca s New

Project hin ra. Trong ca s ny bao gm rt nhiu Tab, mi Tab m t v
mt vi tnh nng ca con PIC. Ta s chn tnh nng s dng ti cc Tab
tng ng.

66
 Hnh 4. 3: Bng h tr chc nng cho PIC

Di y s trnh by ngha tng mc chn trong mi Tab. Cc mc

chn ny chnh l cp n cc tnh nng ca mt con PIC, ty theo tng
loi m s c cc Tab tng ng. i vi tng d n khc nhau, khi ta cn s
dng tnh nng no ca con PIC th ta s chn mc . Sau y xin gii thiu
nhng Tab chnh thng hay c s dng.
4.1.3.1. Tab General
Tab General cho php ta la chn loi PIC m ta s dng v mt s la
chn khc nh chn tn s thch anh dao ng, thit lp cc bit CONFIG
nhm thit lp ch hot ng cho PIC.

67
 Hnh 4. 4: Tab General

- Device: Lit k danh sch cc loi PIC 12F, 16F, 18F Ta s chn
tn Vi iu khin PIC m ta s dng trong d n. Ly v d chn
PIC16F877A
- Oscilator Frequency: Tn s thch anh ta s dng, chn 20 MHz (ty
tng loi)
- Fuses: Thit lp cc bit Config nh: Ch dao ng (HS, RC,
Internal ), ch bo v Code, Brownout detected
- Chn kiu con tr RAM l 16-bit hay 8-bit
4.1.3.2. Tab Communications
Tab Communications lit k cc giao tip ni tip m mt con PIC h tr,
thng l RS232 v I2C, cng vi cc la chn thit lp ch hot ng
cho tng loi giao tip.

68
 - Giao tip RS232: Mi mt Vi iu khin PIC h tr mt cng truyn
thng RS232 chun. Tab ny cho php ta la chn chn Rx, Tx, tc
Baud, Data bit, Bit Parity
- Giao tip I2C: s dng I2C ta tch vo nt chn Use I2C, khi
ta c cc la chn: Chn SDA, SCL, Tc truyn (Fast - Slow),
ch Master hay Slave, a ch cho Salve.

Hnh 4. 5: Tab Communications

4.1.3.3. Tab SPI v Tab LCD

Tab ny lit k cho ngi dng cc la chn i vi giao tip ni tip
SPI, chun giao tip tc cao m PIC h tr v phn cng. Ch khi ta
dng I2C th khng th dng SPI v ngc li. c th s dng c hai giao
tip ny cng mt lc th buc mt trong 2 giao tip phi lp trnh bng phn
mm (ging nh khi dng I2C cho cc chip AT8051, khng c h tr phn
cng SSP).

69
 Hnh 4. 6: Tab SPI

Hnh 4. 7: Tab LCD

4.1.3.4. Tab Timers

Lit k cc b m/nh thi m cc con PIC dng Mid-range c:
Timer0, timer1, timer2, WDT

70
 Trong cc la chn cu hnh cho cc b m/nh thi c: chn ngun
xung ng h (trong (internal)/ngoi (external)), tn s xung, khong thi
gian xy ra trn

Hnh 4. 8: Tab Timer

4.1.3.5. Tab Analog

Lit k cc la chn cho b chuyn i tng t/s (ADC) ca PIC.Ty
vo tng IC c th m c cc la chn khc nhau, bao gm:
La chn cng vo tng t
Chn chn in p ly mu (Vref)
Chn phn gii: 8-bit = 0 ~ 255 hay 10-bit = 0~1023
Ngun xung ng h cho b ADC (trong hay ngoi), t m ta c
c tc ly mu, thng ta chn l internal 2-6 us.

71
 Khi khng s dng b ADC ta chn none

Hnh 4. 9: Tab Analog

4.1.3.6. Tab Interrupts v Tab Driver

Tab Interrupts cho php ta la chn ngun ngt m ta mun s dng.
Ty vo tng loi PIC m s lng ngun ngt khc nhau, bao gm: ngt
ngoi 0 (INT0), ngt RS232, ngt Timer, ngt I2C-SPI, ngt onchange
PORTB.v.v
Tab Drivers c dng la chn nhng ngoi vi m trnh dch h
tr cc hm giao tip. y l nhng ngoi vi m ta s kt ni vi PIC, trong
cc IC m CCS h tr, ng ch l cc loi EEPROM nh 2404, 2416, 2432,
9346, 9356 Ngoi ra cn c IC RAM PCF8570, IC thi gian thc DS1302,
Keypad 3x4, LCD, ADC Chi tit ta c th xem trong th mc Driver ca
chng trnh: ...PICCDrivers.

72
 Hnh 4. 10: Tab Driver v Tab Interrupt

4.1.3.7. Tab Other

Tab ny cho php ta thit lp cc thng s cho cc b Capture/
Comparator /PWM.
- Capture - Bt gi
Chn bt gi xung theo sn dng (rising edge) hay sn m
(falling edge) ca
xung vo.
Chn bt gi sau 1,4 hay 16 xung (copy gi tr ca TimerX vo
thanh ghi lu tr CCCPx sau 1, 4 hay 16 xung).
- Compare - So snh
Ta c cc la chn thc hin lnh khi xay ra bng nhau gia 2 i tng
so snh l gi tr ca Timer1 vi gi tr lu trong thanh ghi so snh. Bao
gm:
Thc hin ngt v thit lp mc 0
Thc hin ngt v thit lp mc 1
Thc hin ngt nhng khng thay i trng thi ca chn PIC.

73
 a Timer1 v 0 nhng khng thay i trng thi chn.
- PWM - iu ch rng xung
La chn v tn s xung ra v duty cycle. Ta c th la chn sn hay t
chn tn s, tt nhin tn s ra phi nm trong mt khong nht nh.
- Comparator - So snh in p
La chn mc in p so snh Vref. C rt nhiu mc in p ta la
chn. Ngoi ra ta cn c th la chn cho u vo ca cc b so snh.

Hnh 4. 11: Tab Other

Sau cc bc chn trn, ta nhn OK kt thc qu trnh to mt Project

trong CCS, mt Files ten_project.c c to ra, cha nhng khai bo cn
thit cho PIC trong mt Files ten_project. h.

74
4.2. Web ng
Web ng hay DHTML (Dynamic HTML) c th c nh ngha nh
mt phn mm c s dng cho vic m t s kt hp gia ngn ng nh
du siu vn bn HTML, cc stylesheet v ngn ng script lm cho ti liu tr
nn sinh ng.
DHTML cho php ngi lp trnh d dng thm cc hiu ng cho cc
trang web. V d nh lm ng cc hnh nh v text trn trang web.
Cu trc ca mt DHTML:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> iu khin LED</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Bng iu khin LED thng qua internet</p>
</body>
</html>

4.3. CSS
CSS l ch vit tt ca Cascading Style Sheet, l kiu thit k s dng
nhiu lp nh dng chng ln nhau. CSS c t chc World Wide Web gii
thiu vo nm 1996. Cch n gin nht hiu CSS l coi n nh mt phn
m rng ca HTML gip n gin ho v ci tin vic thit k cho cc
trang web.
Mt tin ch ca CSS l nh ngha cc Style (kiu dng, nh dng .)
mt ln v cc trnh duyt c th p dng cc Style ny nhiu ln trong mt
on vn bn.

75
4.3.1. u im ca CSS
CSS c th tch ring phn nh dng ra khi ni dung mt trang web,
do n s rt thun tin khi thay i giao din ca mt trang web.
CSS l mt si ch xuyn sut trong qu trnh thit k mt website bi v
n cho php nh thit k kim sot ton b giao din, kiu cch v s sp t
ca nhiu trang hay nhiu i tng trong mt ln nh ngha. thay i
tng th hay nhiu i tng c cng style, ch cn thay i style v lp
tc tt c cc thnh phn p dng Style s thay i theo. N gip tit kim
cng sc rt nhiu.
Do nh ngha cc style c th c tch ring ra khi ni dung ca trang
web, chng c cc trnh duyt ti mt ln v s dng cho nhiu ln, do
n gip cc trang web nh hn v chy nhanh hn.
4.3.2. Cc c tnh c bn ca CSS
CSS quy nh cch hin th cc th HTML bng cch quy nh cc thuc
tnh ca cc th (font ch, mu sc). thun tin c th t ton b cc
thuc tnh ca th vo trong mt file ring c phn m rng l .css.
CSS ph v gii hn trong thit k Web, ch cn mt file CSS c th
qun l nh dng v layout trn nhiu trang web khc nhau. Cc nh pht
trin Web c th nh ngha sn thuc tnh ca mt s th HTML no v
sau n c th dng li trn nhiu trang khc.
C th khai bo CSS bng nhiu cch khc nhau. C th on CSS pha
trong th <head> </head> hoc to mt file ring ri chn vo ti liu
HTML hoc c th chn trc tip vo bt c u ca ti liu HTML.
4.3.2.1. C php c bn ca CSS
Css_selector_1{
Thuc_tnh_1 : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_1;
Thuc_tnh_2 : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_2;
.
Thuc_tnh_n : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_n;

76
 }
Css_selector_2{
Thuc_tnh_1 : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_1;
Thuc_tnh_2 : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_2;
.
Thuc_tnh_n : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_n;
}

Css_selector_3{
Thuc_tnh_1 : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_1;
Thuc_tnh_2 : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_2;
.
Thuc_tnh_n : gi_tr_ca_thuc_tnh_n;
}

4.3.2.2. V d minh ho v m CSS

Body{
Background: #ffffff; /*Nn s c mu trng*/
Color: blue; /*Ch s c mu xanh*/
}

4.3.2.3. Th t xp lp
Tu vo tng cch t khc nhau m mc u tin cho cc style cng
khc nhau. Mc u tin ny tun theo th t sau:
- Style ni tuyn - Style t trong tng th HTML ring bit.
- Style bn trong Style t trong cp th <head></head>
- Style bn ngoi style t trong cc file ring c ui .css.
- Style theo mc nh ca trnh duyt.

77
4.3.3. CSS c tnh k tha v kt hp
4.3.3.1. Tnh k tha
Gi s rng u file styleshet.css khai bo cho body c cc thuc tnh
nh sau:
Body{
Color: #000000;
Font-size: 24px;
}
Nhng trong trng hp mun khai bo cc phn t nh hn nm trong
n nh div c id l main-content:
#main-content{
Color: #ffffff;
Background: #000000;
}
Nh vy th div c id l main-content s khng chu nh hng ca
thuc tnh body na m s mang thuc tnh ca chnh n. Ch s mu trng
v nn s mu en.
4.3.3.2. Tnh kt hp
C th nh ngha nhiu CSS cng mt thuc tnh thay v phi nh
ngha ring l tng ci mt.
V d:
h1,h2,h3{
Color: #c9c9c9;
}
Thay cho vic nh ngha ring tng thuc tnh nh sau:
h1 {
Color: #c9c9c9;
}

78
 h2 {
Color: #c9c9c9;
}
h3{
Color: #c9c9c9;
}

4.3.3.3 To bng bng html v css

Trong html to c mt bng th ta dng <table></table>. Khi thc
hin lnh <table> th ta d c mt bng ri ta dng cc thuc tnh nh border
chnh ng vin cho bng.
Trong bng th c th <tr></tr> l cc dng trong bng. mi <tr> l mt
dng cho bng.
Ngoi ra cn c th <td></td> l cc ct cho bng. Mi <td> l mt ct
cho bng. gp cc ct li vi nhau ta dng code nh sau: <td
colspan="3"></td>. Cu lnh colspan="3" ngha l ra s gp 3 ct li thnh 1.
Cn <td rowspan="2"></td> ngha l ta s gp 2 dng li thnh 1.

Hnh 4. 12: websever

79
 Chng 5: S khi v m phng
5.1. S khi.

Khi hin th
LCD 16x2

Thit b c Khi iu khin

Module Ethernet
iu khin bi VK
mch PIC18F4550 ENC26j80

WEB
INTERNET

Khi Bng iu khin

trn trnh duyt
ngun thng qua internet

Hnh 5. 1: S khi giao tip ca mch

80
81
5.2. Mch nguyn l.

Hnh 5. 2: Mch nguyn l

82
5.2.1. Khi ngun

Hnh 5. 3: Khi ngun

5.2.2. Khi cng sut (RELAY)

Hnh 5. 4: khi cng sut (relay 5 chn 12v DC/ 240v AC)

83
5.2.3. Khi hin th (LCD 16x2)

Hnh 5. 5: khi hin th (LCD 16x2)

5.2.4. Khi Key iu khin n (Nt nhn)

Hnh 5. 6: Khi Nt nhn

84
5.2.5. Khi o nhit v Header giao tip vi Module Ethernet

Hnh 5. 7: LM35(nhit ) & Header kt ni vi Module Ethernet

5.2.6. Khi reset, Xung thch anh, Lc ngun

a, b, c,
Hnh 5. 8: a:xung thch anh
b: lc ngun
c: khi reset

85
5.2.7. Khi Vi x l trung tm (Pic 18F4550)

Hnh 5. 9: Khi x l dng vi iu khin PIC18F4550

86
5.3. M Phng

Hnh 5. 10: M phng

87
KT LUN
Vic thit k Module Ethernet trn vi iu khin PIC18F4550 nhm ng
dng o lng v iu khin c ngha rt ln, c th ng dng trong nhiu
lnh vc ca i sng x hi v trong cng nghip. Ngoi ra, module Ethernet
trn vi iu khin PIC18F4550 cng phc v cho vic hc tp v nghin cu
ca sinh vin. Vic xy dng module ny lin quan n nhiu mng kin thc,
t nhng kin thc l thuyt cho n nhng kin thc thc tin.
Nhng kt qu chnh thc hin c
Tm hiu nguyn l chung chun truyn thng Ethernet do IE
802.3 quy nh, tm hiu kin thc v h giao thc TCP/IP.
Kt ni thnh cng mch demo vi my tnh thng qua chun
truyn thng Ethernet.
Lp trnh cho mch demo bng phn mm CCS, s dng th vin
TCP/IP Stack cu hang Microchip thc hin iu khin cc ng
dng c bn nh bt tt n, hin th ln LCD v o tham s nhit
hin th ln web.
Trong qu trnh lm cn nhiu thiu st v mt khin thc ln sn phm
cha c thc s hon thin. Trong tng li sn phm c th pht trin
thm cc ng dng cho ngi nh thng minh ca chng ta.

88
Ti liu tham kho:
[1]. Datasheet PIC18F4550
[2]. Datasheet ENC28J60
[3]. Datasheet LM35
[4]. File Help ca trnh bin dch PIC C Compiler (CCS)
[5]. Ti liu tham kho t cc trang web, din n trn Internet:
http://www.hocavr.com/index.php/vi/lectures/spi
http://www.pic24.ru/doku.php/en/osa/ref/intro
http://mcu.banlinhkien.vn/threads/261/
http://codientu.org
http://www.dientuvietnam.net/forums/vi-dieu-khien-avr-55/giao-
thuc-tcp-ip-va-web-server-voi-avr-87172/

89