1 - Mch khuch i

1.1 - Khi nim v mch khuyh i .

Mch khuych i c s dng trong hu ht cc thit b in t, nh mch khuych i m tn trong

Cassete, mply, Khuych i tn hiu video trong Ti vi mu v.v ...

C ba loi mch khuych i chnh l :

Khuych i v in p : L mch khi ta a mt tn hiu c bin nh vo, u ra ta s thu c mt

tn hiu c bin ln hn nhiu ln.
Mch khuych i v dng in : L mch khi ta a mt tn hiu c cng yu vo, u ra ta s thu
c mt tn hiu cho cng dng in mnh hn nhiu ln.
Mch khuych i cng xut : L mch khi ta a mt tn hiu c cng xut yu vo , u ra ta thu c
tn hiu c cng xut mnh hn nhiu ln, thc ra mch khuych i cng xut l kt hp c hai mch
khuych i in p v khuych i dng in lm mt.

1.2 - Cc ch hot ng ca mch khuych i.

Cc ch hot ng ca mch khuych i l ph thuc vo ch phn cc cho Transistor, tu theo mc

ch s dng m mch khuych i c phn cc K ch A, ch B , ch AB hoc ch C

a) Mch khuych i ch A.
L cc mch khuych i cn ly ra tn hiu hon ton gin vi tn hiu ng vo.

Mch khuych i ch A khuych i

c hai bn chu k tn hiu ng vo

* Transistor hot ng ch A, ta phi nh thin sao cho in p UCE ~ 60% 70% Vcc.
* Mch khuych i ch A c s dng trong cc mch trung gian nh khuych i cao tn, khuych
i trung tn, tin khuych i v v..

b) Mach khuych i ch B.
Mch khuych i ch B l mch ch khuych i mt na chu k ca tn hiu, nu khuych i bn k
dng ta dng transistor NPN, nu khuych i bn k m ta dng transistor PNP, mch khuych i ch B
khng c nh thin.
 Mch khuych i ch B ch khuych
i mt bn chu k ca tn hiu ng vo.

* Mch khuych i ch B thng c s dng trong cc mch khuch i cng xut y ko nh cng
xut m tn, cng xut mnh ca Ti vi, trong cc mch cng xut y ko , ngi ta dng hai n NPN v PNP
mc ni tip , mi n s khuych i mt bn chu k ca tn hiu, hai n trong mch khuych i y ko phi
c cc thng s k thut nh nhau :

* Mch khuych i cng xut kt hp c hai ch A v B .

Mch khuych i cng xut mply c : Q1 khuych i

ch A, Q2 v Q3 khuych i ch B, Q2 khuych i
cho bn chu k dng, Q3 khuych i cho bn chu k m.

c) Mch khuych i ch AB.

Mch khuych i ch AB l mch tng t khuych i ch B , nhng c nh thin sao cho in
p UBE sp s 0,6 V, mch cng ch khuych i mt na chu k tn hiu v khc phc hin tng mo giao im
ca mch khuych i ch B, mch ny cng c s dng trong cc mch cng xut y ko .

d) Mch khuych i ch C
 L mch khuych i c in p UBE c phn c ngc vi mc ch ch ly tn hiu u ra l mt phn
nh ca tn hiu u vo, mch ny thng s dng trong cc mch tch tn hiu : Th d mch tch xung ng

b trong ti vi mu.

ng dng mch khuych i ch C trong

mch tch xung ng b Ti vi mu.

2 - Cc kiu mc ca Transistor
2.1 - Transistor mc theo kiu E chung.

Mch mc theo kiu E chung c cc E u trc tip xung mass hoc u qua t xung mass thot thnh
phn xoay chiu, tn hiu a vo cc B v ly ra trn cc C, mch c s nh sau :

Mch khuych i in p mc kiu E chung ,

Tn hiu a vo cc B v ly ra trn cc C

Rg : l in tr ghnh , Rt : L in tr
nh thin, Rpa : L in tr phn p .

c im ca mch khuych i E chung.

 Mch khuych i E chung thng c nh thin sao cho in p UCE khong 60% 70 % Vcc.
Bin tn hiu ra thu c ln hn bin tn hiu vo nhiu ln, nh vy mch khuych i v in
p.

Dng in tn hiu ra ln hn dng tn hiu vo nhng khng ng k.

Tn hiu u ra ngc pha vi tn hiu u vo : v khi in p tn hiu vo tng => dng IBE tng =>
dng ICE tng => st p trn Rg tng => kt qu l in p chn C gim , v ngc li khi in p u
vo gim th in p chn C li tng => v vy in p u ra ngc pha vi tn hiu u vo.

Mch mc theo kiu E chung nh trn c ng dng nhiu nht trong thit b in t.

2.2 - Transistor mc theo kiu C chung.

Mch mc theo kiu C chung c chn C u vo mass hoc dng ngun ( Lu : v phng din xoay chiu
th dng ngun tng ng vi mass ) , Tn hiu c a vo cc B v ly ra trn cc E , mch c s
nh sau :

Mch mc kiu C chung , tn hiu a

vo cc B v ly ra trn cc E

c im ca mch khuych i C chung .

Tn hiu a vo cc B v ly ra trn cc E
Bin tn hiu ra bng bin tn hiu vo : V mi BE lun lun c gi tr khong 0,6V do khi in
p chn B tng bao nhiu th p chn C cng tng by nhiu => v vy bin tn hiu ra bng bin
tn hiu vo .

Tn hiu ra cng pha vi tn hiu vo : V khi in p vo tng => th in p ra cng tng, in p vo

gim th in p ra cng gim.

Cng ca tn hiu ra mnh hn cng ca tn hiu vo nhiu ln : V khi tn hiu vo c bin

tng => dng IBE s tng => dng ICE cng tng gp ln dng IBE v
ICE = .IBE gi s Transistor c h s khuych i = 50 ln th khi dng IBE tng 1mA => dng
ICEs tng 50mA, dng ICE chnh l dng ca tn hiu u ra, nh vy tn hiu u ra c cng dng
in mnh hn nhiu ln so vi tn hiu vo.

Mch trn c ng dng nhiu trong cc mch khuych i m (Damper), trc khi chia tn hiu lm
nhiu nhnh , ngi ta thng dng mch Damper khuych i cho tn hiu kho hn . Ngoi ra
mch cn c ng dng rt nhiu trong cc mch n p ngun ( ta s tm hiu trong phn sau )
 2.3 - Transistor mc theo kiu B chung.

Mch mc theo kiu B chung c tn hiu a vo chn E v ly ra trn chn C , chn B c thot mass
thng qua t.
Mach mc kiu B chung rt t khi c s dng trong thc t.

Mch khuych i kiu B chung , khuych

i v in p v khng khuych i v dng in.

3 - Cc kiu ghp tng

3.1 - Ghp tng qua t in.
* S mch ghp tng qua t in

Mch khuych i u t - c hai tng khuych

i c ghp vi nhau qua t in.

trn l s mch khuych i u t trong i Cassette, mch gm hai tng khuych i mc theo
kiu E chung, cc tng c ghp tn hiu thng qua t in, ngi ta s dng cc t C1 , C3 , C5 lm
t ni tng cho tn hiu xoay chiu i qua v ngn p mt chiu li, cc t C2 v C4 c tc dng thot
 thnh phn xoay chiu t chn E xung mass, C6 l t lc ngun.
u im ca mch l n gin, d lp do mch c s dng rt nhiu trong thit b in t, nhc
im l khng khai thc c ht kh nng khuych i ca Transistor do h s khuych i khng
ln.

trn l mch khuych i m tn, do cc t ni tng thng dng t ho c tr s t 1F 10F.

Trong cc mch khuych i cao tn th t ni tng c tr s nh khong vi nan Fara.

3.2 - Ghp tng qua bin p .

* S mch trung tn ting trong Radio s dng bin p ghp tng

Tng Trung tn ting ca Radio s dng bin p ghp tng.

trn l s mch trung tn Radio s dng cc bin p ghp tng, tn hiu u ra ca tng ny c
ghp qua bin p i vo tng pha sau.
u im ca mch l phi hp c tr khng gia cc tng do khai thc c ti u h s
khuych i , hn na cun s cp bin p c th u song song vi t cng hng khi mch
khuych i mt tn s c nh.

Nhc im : nu mch hot ng di tn s rng th gy mo tn s, mch ch to phc tp v

chim nhiu din tch.

3.3 - Ghp tng trc tip .

* Kiu ghp tng trc tip thng c dng trong cc mch khuych i cng xut m tn.
 Mch khuych i cng xut m tn c n o pha Q1
c ghp trc tip vi hai n cng xut Q2 v Q3.

4 - Phng php kim tra mt tng khuch i

4.1 - Trong cc mch khuych i ( ch A ) th phn cc nh th no l ng.

Mch khuych i c phn cc ng.

Mch khuych i ( ch A) c phn cc ng l mch c

UBE ~ 0,6V ; UCE ~ 60% 70% Vcc
Khi mch c phn cc ng ta thy , tn hiu ra c bin ln nht v khng b mo tn hiu .
4.2 - Mch khuych i ( ch A ) b phn cc sai.

Mch khuych i b phn cc sai, in p UCE qu thp .

Mch khuych i b phn cc sai, in p UCE qu cao .

Khi mch b phn cc sai ( tc l UCE qu thp hoc qu cao ) ta thy rng tn hiu ra b mo dng, h
s khuych i ca mch b gim mnh.
Hin tng mo dng trn s gy hin tng m thanh b r hay b nght cc mch khuych i m
tn.

Phng php kim tra mt tng khuych i.

Mt tng khuych i nu ta kim tra thy UCE qu thp so vi ngun hoc qu cao sp s bng ngun
=> th tng khuych i c vn .
 Nu UCE qu thp th c th do chp CE( hng Transistor) , hoc t Rg.

Nu UCE qu cao ~ Vcc th c th t Rt hoc hng Transistor.

Mt tng khuych i cn tt thng thng c :

UBE ~ 0,6V ; UCE ~ 60% 70% Vcc

5 - Mch chnh lu in xoay chiu

5.1 - B ngun trong cc mch in t .

Trong cc mch in t ca cc thit b nh Radio -Cassette, mlpy, Ti vi mu, u VCD v v... chng s
dng ngun mt chiu DC cc mc in p khc nhau, nhng ngoi zc cm ca cc thit b ny li cm
trc tip vo ngun in AC 220V 50Hz , nh vy cc thit b in t cn c mt b phn chuyn i t ngun
xoay chiu ra in p mt chiu , cung cp cho cc mch trn, b phn chuyn i bao gm :

Bin p ngun : H th t 220V xung cc in p thp hn nh 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V v v ...
Mch chnh lu : i in AC thnh DC.
Mch lc Lc gn xoay chiu sau chnh lu cho ngun DC phng hn.
Mch n p : Gi mt in p c nh cung cp cho ti tiu th

S tng qut ca mch cp ngun.

5.2 - Mch chnh lu bn chu k .

Mch chnh lu bn chu k s dng mt Diode mc ni tip vi ti tiu th, chu k dng => Diode c
phn cc thun do c dng in i qua diode v i qua ti, chu k m , Diode b phn cc ngc do
khng c dng qua ti.
 Dng in p u ra ca mch chnh lu bn chu k.

5.3 Mch chnh lu c chu k

Mch chnh lu c chu k thng dng 4 Diode mc theo hnh cu (cn gi l mch chnh lu cu) nh hnh
di.

Mch chnh lu c chu k .

chu k dng ( u dy pha trn dng, pha di m) dng in i qua diode D1 => qua Rti =>
qua diode D4 v u dy m
chu k m, in p trn cun th cp o chiu ( u dy trn m, di dng) dng in i qua
D2 => qua Rti => qua D3 v u dy m.

Nh vy c hai chu k u c dng in chy qua ti.

6 - Mch lc v mch chnh lu bi p

6.1 - Mch lc dng t in.

Sau khi chnh lu ta thu c in p mt chiu nhp nh, nu khng c t lc th in p nhp nh ny cha
th dng c vo cc mch in t , do trong cc mch ngun, ta phi lp thm cc t lc c tr s t vi
trm F n vi ngn F vo sau cu Diode chnh lu.
 Dng in p DC ca mch chnh lu
trong hai trng hp c t v khng c t

S trn minh ho cc trng hp mch ngun c t lc v khng c t lc.

Khi cng tc K m, mch chnh lu khng c t lc tham gia , v vy in p thu c c dng nhp
nh.

Khi cng tc K ng, mch chnh lu c t C1 tham gia lc ngun , kt qu l in p u ra c lc

tng i phng, nu t C1 c in dung cng ln th in p u ra cng bng phng, t C1 trong
cc b ngun thng c tr s khong vi ngn F .

Minh ho : in dng ca t lc cng ln

th in p u ra cng bng phng.

Trong cc mch chnh lu, nu c t lc m khng c ti hoc ti tiu th mt cng xut khng ng k
so vi cng xut ca bin p th in p DC thu c l DC = 1,4.AC

6.2 - Mch chnh lu nhn 2 .

 S mch ngun chnh lu nhn 2

tr thnh mch chnh lu nhn 2 ta phi dng hai t ho cng tr s mc ni tip, sau u 1 u
ca in p xoau chiu vo im gia hai t => ta s thu c in p tng gp 2 ln.
mch trn, khi cng tc K m, mch tr v dng chnh lu thng thng .

Khi cng tc K ng, mch tr thnh mch chnh lu nhn 2, v kt qu l ta thu c in p ra tng
gp 2 ln.

7 - Mch n p c nh
7.1 - Mch n p c nh dng Diode Zener.

Mch n p to p 33V c nh cung cp

cho mch d knh trong Ti vi mu

T ngun 110V khng c nh thng qua in tr hn dng R1 v gim trn Dz 33V ly ra mt in

p c nh cung cp cho mch d knh
Khi thit k mt mch n p nh trn ta cn tnh ton in tr hn dng sao cho dng in ngc cc
i qua Dz phi nh hn dng m Dz chu c, dng cc i qua Dz l khi dng qua R2 = 0
Nh s trn th dng cc i qua Dz bng st p trn R1 chia cho gi tr R1 , gi dng in ny l I1
ta c

I1 = (110 - 33 ) / 7500 = 77 / 7500 ~ 10mA

 Thng thng ta nn dng ngc qua Dz 25 mA

7.2 - Mch n p c nh dng Transistor, IC n p .

Mch n p dng Diode Zener nh trn c u im l n gin nhng nhc im l cho dng in nh (
20mA ) . c th to ra mt in p c nh nhng cho dng in mnh hn nhiu ln ngi ta mc thm
Transistor khuych i v dng nh s di y.

Mch n p c Transistor khuych i

mch trn in p ti im A c th thay i v cn gn xoay chiu nhng in p ti im B khng

thay i v tng i phng.
Nguyn l n p : Thng qua in tr R1 v Dz gim c nh in p chn B ca Transistor Q1, gi s
khi in p chn E n Q1 gim => khi in p UBE tng => dng qua n Q1 tng => lm in p
chn E ca n tng , v ngc li ...

Mch n p trn n gin v hiu qu nn c s dng rt rng di v ngi ta sn xut cc loi

IC h LA78.. thay th cho mch n p trn, IC LA78.. c s mch nh phn mch c mu xanh
ca s trn.

IC n p h LA78.. IC n p LA7805

LA7805 IC n p 5V
 LA7808 IC n p 8V

LA7809 IC n p 9V

LA7812 IC n p 12V

Lu : H IC78.. ch cho dng tiu th khong 1A tr xung, khi rp IC trong mch th U in > Uout t 3 n
5V khi IC mi pht huy tc dng.

7.3 - ng dng ca IC n p h 78..

IC n p h 78.. c dng rng ri trong cc b ngun , nh B ngun ca u VCD, trong Ti vi mu, trong
my tnh v v...

ng dng ca IC n p LA7805 v
LA7808 trong b ngun u VCD

8 - Mch n p tuyn tnh (c hi tip)

8.1 - S khi ca mch n p c hi tip .
 S khi ca mch n p c hi tip .

* Mt s c im ca mch n p c hi tip :

Cung cp in p mt chiu u ra khng i trong hai trng hp in p u vo thay i hoc

dng tiu th ca ti thay i , tuy nhin s thay i ny phi c gii hn.
Cho in p mt chiu u ra c cht lng cao, gim thiu c hin tng gn xoay chiu.

* Nguyn tc hot ng ca mch.

Mch ly mu s theo di in p u ra thng qua mt cu phn p to ra ( Ulm : p ly mu)

Mch to p chun => gim ly mt mc in p c nh (Uc : p chun )

Mch so snh s so snh hai in p ly mu Ulm v p chun Uc to thnh in p iu khin.

Mch khuch i sa sai s khuch i p iu khin, sau a v iu chnh s hot ng ca n

cng xut theo hng ngc li, nu in p ra tng => thng qua mch hi tip iu chnh => n
cng xut dn gim =>in p ra gim xung . Ngc li nu in p ra gim => thng qua mch hi
tip iu chnh => n cng xut li dn tng => v in p ra tng ln =>> kt qu in p u ra
khng thay i.

8.2 - Phn tch hot ng ca mch ngun c hi tip trong Ti vi en trng Samsung

in p u vo cn gn xoay chiu in p u ra bng phng

 Mch n p tuyn tnh trong Ti vi Samsung en trng .

* ngha cc linh kin trn s .

T 2200F l t lc ngun chnh, lc in p sau chnh lu 18V , y cng l in p u vo ca mch

n p, in p ny c th tng gim khong 15%.
Q1 l n cng xut ngun cung cp dng in chnh cho ti , in p u ra ca mc n p ly t chn
C n Q1 v c gi tr 12V c nh .

R1 l tr phn dng c cng xut ln ghnh bt mt phn dng in i qua n cng xut.

Cu phn p R5, VR1 v R6 to ra p ly mu a vo chn B n Q2 .

Diode zener Dz v R4 to mt in p chun c nh so vi in p ra.

Q2 l n so snh v khuych i in p sai lch => a v iu khin s hot ng ca n cng

xut Q1.

R3 lin lc gia Q1 v Q2, R2 phn p cho Q1

* Nguyn l hot ng .

in p u ra s c xu hng thay i khi in p u vo thay i, hoc dng tiu th thay i.

Gi s : Khi in p vo tng => in p ra tng => in p chn E n Q2 tng nhiu hn chn B ( do
c Dz gim t chn E n Q2 ln Ura, cn Ulm ch ly mt phn Ura ) do UBE gim => n Q2 dn
gim => n Q1 dn gim => in p ra gim xung. Tng t khi Uvo gim, thng qua mch iu
chnh => ta li thu c Ura tng. Thi gian iu chnh ca vng hi tip rt nhanh khong vi giy v
c cc t lc u ra loi b, khng lm nh hng n cht lng ca in p mt chiu => kt qu
l in p u ra tng i phng.

Khi iu chnh bin tr VR1 , in p ly mu thay i, dn n Q2 thay i , dn n Q1 thay i

=> kt qu l in p ra thay i, VR1 dng iu chnh in p ra theo mun .
8.3 - Mch ngun Ti vi ni a nht.

S mch ngun n p tuyn tnh

trong Ti vi mu ni a Nht .

C1 l t lc ngun chnh sau cu Diode chnh lu.

C2 l t lc u ra ca mch ngun tuyn tnh.

Cu phn p R4, VR1, R5 to ra in p ly mu ULM

R2 v Dz to ra p chun Uc

R3 lin lc gia Q3 v Q2, R1 nh thin cho n cng xut Q1

R6 l in tr phn dng, l in tr cng xut ln .

Q3 l n so snh v khuch i p d sai

Khuch i in p d sai

Q1 n cng xut ngun

=> Ngun lm vic trong di in p vo c th thay i 10%, in p ra lun lun c nh .

Bi tp : Bn c hy phn tch nguyn

l hot ng ca mch ngun trn.
Lp sa cha Tivi LCD ti TRUNG TM O TO CNG NGH CAO BCH KHOA

9 - Mch to dao ng
9.1 - Khi nim v mch dao ng.

Mch dao ng c ng dng rt nhiu trong cc thit b in t, nh mch dao ng ni trong khi RF
Radio, trong b knh Ti vi mu, Mch dao ng to xung dng , xung mnh trong Ti vi , to sng hnh sin cho IC
Vi x l hot ng v v...

Mch dao ng hnh Sin

Mch dao ng a hi
Mch dao ng nght
Mch dao ng dng IC

9.2 - Mch dao ng hnh Sin

Ngi ta c th to dao ng hnh Sin t cc linh kin L - C hoc t thch anh.

* Mch dao ng hnh Sin dng L - C

 Mch dao ng hnh Sin dng L - C

Mach dao ng trn c t C1 // L1 to thnh mch dao ng L -C duy tr s dao ng ny th tn hiu

dao ng c a vo chn B ca Transistor, R1 l tr nh thin cho Transistor, R2 l tr gnh ly
ra tn hiu dao ng ra , cun dy u t chn E Transistor xung mass c tc dng ly hi tip duy
tr dao ng. Tn s dao ng ca mch ph thuc vo C1 v L1 theo cng thc

f = 1 / 2..( L1.C1 )1/2

* Mch dao ng hnh sin dng thch anh.

Mch to dao ng bng thch anh .

X1 : l thch anh to dao ng , tn s dao ng c ghi trn thn ca thach anh, khi thch anh c
cp in th n t dao ng ra sng hnh sin.thch anh thng c tn s dao ng t vi trm KHz n
vi chc MHz.
n Q1 khuych i tn hiu dao ng t thch anh v cui cng tn hiu c ly ra chn C.

R1 va l in tr cp ngun cho thch anh va nh thin cho n Q1

 R2 l tr ghnh to ra st p ly ra tn hiu .

Thch anh dao ng trong Tivi mu, my tnh

9.3 - Mch dao ng a hi.

Mch dao ng a hi to xung vung

* Bn c th t lp s trn vi cc thng s nh sau :

R1 = R4 = 1 K
R2 = R3 = 100K

C1 = C2 = 10F/16V

Q1 = Q2 = n C828

Hai n Led

Ngun Vcc l 6V DC

Tng gi thnh lnh kin ht khong 4.000 VN

* Gii thch nguyn l hot ng : Khi cp ngun , gi s n Q1 dn trc, p Uc n Q1 gim => thng
qua C1 lm p Ub n Q2 gim => Q2 tt => p Uc n Q2 tng => thng qua C2 lm p Ub n Q1 tng =>
xc lp trng thi Q1 dn bo ho v Q2 tt , sau khong thi gian t , dng np qua R3 vo t C1 khi in p ny
> 0,6V th n Q2 dn => p Uc n Q2 gim => tip tc nh vy cho n khi Q2 dn bo ho v Q1 tt, trng
thi lp i lp li v to thnh dao ng, chu k dao ng ph thuc vo C1, C2 v R2, R3.
10 - Thit k mch dao ng bng IC
IC to dao ng XX555 ; XX c th l TA hoc LA v v ...

Mch dao ng to xung bng IC 555

Bn hy mua mt IC h 555 v t lp cho mnh mt mch to dao ng theo s nguyn l nh trn.

Vcc cung cp cho IC c th s dng t 4,5V n 15V , ng mch mu l dng ngun, mch
mu en di cng l m ngun.

T 103 (10nF) t chn 5 xung mass l c nh v bn c th b qua ( khng lp cng c )

Khi thay i cc in tr R1, R2 v gi tr t C1 bn s thu c dao ng c tn s v rng xung

theo mun theo cng thc.

1.4
T = 0.7 (R1 + 2R2) C1 v f =
(R1 + 2R2) C1

T = Thi gian ca mt chu k ton phn tnh bng (s)

f = Tn s dao ng tnh bng (Hz)
R1 = in tr tnh bng ohm (
R2 = in tr tnh bng ohm (
C1 = T in tnh bng Fara (

T = Tm + Ts T : chu k ton phn

Tm = 0,7 x ( R1 + R2 ) x C1 Tm : thi gian in mc cao
Ts = 0,7 x R2 x C1 Ts : thi gian in mc thp

Chu k ton phn T bao gm thi gian c in

 mc cao Tm v thi gian c in mc thp Ts

T cc cng thc trn ta c th to ra mt dao ng xung vung c rng Tm v Ts bt k.

Sau khi to ra xung c Tm v Ts ta c T = Tm + Ts v f = 1/ T

* Th d bn thit k mch to xung nh hnh di y.

Mch to xung c Tm = 0,1s , Ts = 1s

Bi tp : Lp mch dao ng trn vi cc thng s :

C1 = 10F = 10 x 10-6 = 10-5 F

R1 = R2 = 100K = 100 x 103

Tnh Ts v Tm = ? Tnh tn s f = ?

Bi lm :

Ta c Ts = 0,7 x R2 x C1 = 0,7 x 100.103 x 10-5 = 0,7 s

Tm = 0,7 x ( R1 + R2 ) x C1 =
= 0,7 x 200.103 x 105 = 1,4 s
=> T = Tm + Ts = 1,4s + 0,7s = 2,1s

=> f =1 / T = 1/2,1 ~ 0,5 Hz

11 - Mch dao ng nght

Mch dao ng nght ( Blocking OSC )

Mh dao ng nght c nguyn tc hot ng kh n gin, mch c s dng rng ri trong cc b ngun
xung ( switching ), mch c cu to nh sau :
 Mch dao ng nght

Mch dao ng nght bao gm :

Bin p : Gm cun s cp 1-2 v cun hi tip 3-4, cun th cp 5-6

Transistor Q tham gia dao ng v ng vai tr l n cng xut ngt m to ra dng in bin thin
qua cun s cp.

Tr nh thin R1 ( l in tr mi )

R2, C2 l in tr v t in hi tip

C hai kiu mc hi tip l hi tip dng v hi tip m, ta xt cu to v nguyn tc hot ng ca tng

mch.

* Mch dao ng nght hi tip m .

Mch hi tip m c cun hi tip 3-4 qun ngc chiu vi cun s cp 1-2 , v in tr mi R1 c tr
s nh khong 100K , mch thng c s dng trong cc b ngun cng xut nh khong 20W
tr xung
Nguyn tc hot ng : Khi cp ngun, dng nh thin qua R1 kch cho n Q1 dn kh mnh, dng
 qua cun s cp 1-2 tng nhanh to ra t trng bin thin => cm ng sang cun hi tip, chiu m
ca cun hi tip c a v chn B n Q thng qua R2, C2 lm in p chn B n Q gim < 0V
=> n Q lp tc chuyn sang trng thi ngt, sau khong thi gian t dng in qua R1 np vo t C2
lm p chn B n Q tng => n Q dn lp li chu k th hai => to thnh dao ng .

Mch dao ng nght hi tip m c u im l dao ng nhanh, nhng c nhc im d b xc in

lm hng n Q do mch thng khng s dng trong cc b ngun cng xut ln.

* Mch dao ng nght hi tip dng .

Mch dao ng nght hi tip dng c cun hi tip 3-4 qun thun chiu vi cun s cp 1-2, in
tr mi R1 c tr s ln khong 470K
V R1 c tr s ln, ln dng nh thin qua R1 ban u nh => n Q dn tng dn => sinh ra t
trng bin thin cm ng ln cun hi tip => in p hi tip ly chiu dng hi tip qua R2, C2
lm n Q dn tng => v tip tc cho n khi n Q dn bo ho, Khi n Q dn bo ho, dng in
qua cun 1-2 khng i => mt in p hi tip => p chn B n Q gim nhanh v n Q lp tc
chuyn sang trng thi ngt, chu k th hai lp li nh trng thi ban u v to thnh dao ng.

Mch ny c u im l rt an ton dao ng t t khng b xc in, v c s dng trong cc

mch ngun cng xut ln nh ngun Ti vi mu.

* Xem li l thuy v cm ng in t :

Th nghim v hin tng cm ng in t trong bin p.

th nghim trn ta thy rng , bng n ch lo sng trong thi im cng tc ng hoc ngt , ngha l khi
dng in chy qua cun s cp bin i, trong trng hp c dng in chy qua cun s cp nhng khng
i cng khng to ra in p cm trn cun th cp

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