MCH HN GI N GIN

* S nguyn l:

# Hot ng :
Hin nay a s nhng chic qut bn trn
th trng u s dng mch hn gi bng c
kh nn bn khng cao, thi gian hn gi
ngn ,ng thi khi hot ng th pht ra
nhng ting ku rt kh chu ! ch cn bn b
cht thi gi lp mch in n gin ny
ny bn s thy n hn hn ci cng tc hn
gi bng c kh kia .ch cn bn n nt l n
hot ng ngay . Nguyn l ca n nh sau :
-khi bn n nt start lp tc ngun 12V mt
chiu c np cho t in 2200uF ,mt
phn dng in c a qua R100K v
VR1M n baz ca 2 transitor mc dalington
Q1,Q2 lm hai transitor ny dn cp dng
cho rle . -Khi bn bung tay ra ,dng in
trong t 2200uF tip tc phng ra qua 100K
v VR1M duy tr phn cc thn cho 2
transitor ny --->rle vn tip tc ht ng
cng tc cho qut - sau mt thi gian t in
phng ht in th s duy tr phn cc thun
cho transitor khng cn na ---> transistor
Q1,Q2 ngt ---> ct dng qua rle - iu
chnh VR1M cho thi gian gi rle nh
mong mun ,diode mc ngc chng dng
in cm ng ca cun dy sinh ra lm hng
transitor. Mch in rt d lp , hot ng
c ngay ! nu mun c thi gian lu hn
th bn thay C 2200uF bng t c in dung
4700uF Chc cc bn thnh cng vi s
ny ! # Linh kin: cng tc l loi n nh ,
rle mt chiu 12V C828X2 ,VR1M, diode
1N4007

MY M S NGI
S
Mch t hp l mt 4516 b m ti/lui.
it 2 xc nh phng hng m. Gi
tr (ca) nhng in tr R ' Ph thuc
vo kiu it c dng. (Bn s c l cn
nhng in tr trong phm vi 100 K ti 1
M.) Khi vo phng, chm (tia) soi
sngit 1 phi b ct u tin. (Ci) ny
gy ra my m m Ln trn mt.
Nu (Khi mt ngi ri b phng) Chm
(tia) soi sng it 2 b ct v trong khi
chm (tia) ny cn c ct cho chm
(tia) soi sng it 1 b ct, my m
s m xung mt. u ra c th c
s dng (vi mt ci r le v ngi iu
khin) chuyn mt nh sng khi mt
ngi u tin vo phng v sau
tt nh sng khi ngi cui cng ri b
phng ( S lng ngi cc i 15)
Chn 1, 3, 4, 5, 12, v 13 ca 4516 c
ni ti ngun pin tiu cc (nhn thy
s vero di). (R v C) c th c gn
nh bt k gi tr no; Th 100 K v
1.5nF.
s vero

.
S dng. nhng it thit b thu vi bng cch
in en ( hay ci g tng t) xung quanh
h. Cch khc, t nhng it trong mt hp
nha nh, nh c cho thy di

Ting "bp" ng lc.

Nhng ting ci sa 7.5s

Nhng s nh thi gian C th iu chnh: 15 S. 30 S. 1 pht.

2 pht. & nhng thi gian khc.

S
LINH KIN:.

R1______220R 1/ 4 W in tr.

R2_______10M 1/ 4 W in tr.

R3________1M 1/ 4 W in tr.

R4_______10K 1/ 4 W in tr.

R5_______47K 1/ 4 W in tr.

C1_______100nF 63 V T (in) Pliste.

C2________22uF 25 V t in phn.

D1______1N4148 75 V

D2________3mm. Mu c dn dt.

vung s cp IC1_____4081 2 u vo v Cng IC.

IC2_____4060 14 trnh din my m d b v b dao ng IC.

Q1______BC337 45 V
P1______SPST Nt n (Bt u).

P2______SPST (Khi ng li) Nt n.

S Chuyn i nhng cch SW1_____4 (Nhn thy nhng ghi ch).

My d m PS______Piezo (hp nht 3 KHz b dao ng).

B1______3V Ngun pin ( 2 AA 1.5V)

Mc ch Thit b:.

Mch ny c d nh bo ng nhng mc ch sau mt thi gian

nht nh tri qua. Tht l thch hp rng bng nhng tr chi yu
cu mt thi gian c nh tr li mt cu hi hay di chuyn mt mnh
v v.

Thao tc Mch:.

Vic y P1 t li IC2 m bt u s lm dao ng ti mt tn s c

nh bi R3 & C1. Vi nhng gi tr c cho thy, tn s ny
bn 4 Hz. D2, c iu khin bi IC1A & B, le sng ti cng tn
s b dao ng, s bo hiu thao tc mch thch hp. SW1 la
chn cht thch hp (ca) IC2 iu chnh khong thi gian tnh
ton thi gian.

V tr 1= 15 giy.

V tr 2= 30 giy.

V tr 3= 1 pht.

V tr 4= 2 pht.

Khi chn c chn (ca) IC2 mc cao, IC1C iu khin Q1 v

nhng ting ci my d m gin on ti cng tn s Ca LED.
Sau khong 7.5 nhng giy chn 4 ca IC2 mc cao v IC1D
dng li b dao ng xuyn qua D1. Nu bn mun ngng m
trc, y P2

Nhng ghi ch:.

SW1 c th l bt k kiu s chuyn i vi s lng v cch

thc mong mun no. Nu bn mun mt khong thi gian
tnh ton thi gian c nh n, b qua s chuyn i v ni
chn9 & 13 trong s IC1 ti chn thch hp (ca) IC2. .

S khi ng li (ca) mch khng tc thi. Vic y P2 bt buc IC2

dao ng rt nhanh chng, nhng n mt mt s giy kt thc s
m, mt cch c bit nu mt thit b bm gi cao chm tr c la
chn v nt n c vn hnh khi mch va mi
bt u. reset nhanh, th thp hn gi tr (ca) R5, nhng
s ch tin lng: mt gi tr qu thp c th dng s
dao ng. .

Thao tc Tn s thay i vi nhng hng danh ting khc (cho)

IC2. E.G. Motorola l ICs c chy nhanh hn, bi vy
thayi ca C1 v/ hoc R3 gi tr c th cn thit. .

Bn c th cng s dng nhng chn 1, 2, 3 trong s IC2

thu c nhng s tnh ton thi gian ca 8, 16 (v) 32 pht
tng ng. .

iu khin tc ca mt M t DC
qua 8255
Hnh-1 s ca H thng

Trong mch ny iu khin vng lp ca mt m t DC c thit lp s

dng mt b khuch i cng sut, b bin i digital sang analog, ba giao din s
8255, mt PC khch hng v mt PC Ngi phc v tng t. Mch DAC, m kim
sot bi my tnh ngi phc v qua giao din s 8255, s c s dng kim sot
tc ca mt m t DC bng vic thay i in p i n b khuch i cng sut.
in p i vo trong m t t s cung cp nng lng gia 0 v+5 V. Vai tr ca
mch khuch i cng sut s cung cp dng cn thit, vn hnh m t. My tnh
khch hng, giao tip vi my tnh ngi phc v qua truyn thng Ethernet v l
giao din GUI kim sot tc ca m t. C th c vi my tnh khch hng
c kt ni ti ngi phc v, tuy nhin, v ng dng ny l ch c mt. Thnh
phn winsock c s dng trong m Visual Basic cung cp nhng thao tc
ngi phc v/ khch hng

Ni chung, trang thit b ny c mt s thnh phn c bn sau:

a Ngi phc v Phn mm giao din vi thit b c kh, v Internet.

b Khch hng Phn mm giao din vi ngi s dng, v Internet.

c 8255- 8- bt u ra.

d S i vi B bin i Tng t chuyn 8- bt s vo trong mt 0-5

VDC .

e B khuch i cng sut iu chnh dng in vo trong m t. .

f M t .

Trang thit b Internet ny yu cu vi thnh phn c-in t: mt 8255 th ti

giao din PC ngi phc v vi nhng mch iu khin m t DC. Mc ch ca th
8255 s cung cp mt giao din gia nhng PC ngi phc v v mch iu khin m
t DC

Mch dao ng 555

S mch:
IC 555 c thit k n gin bao gm b so snh
in p, flip flop v transistor x in. tuy cu
to n gin nhng n l linh kin quan trng v
c s dng rng ri trong k thut in t.
Ba in tr c ni ni tip vi nhau v ni vi u
vo ngun VCC, b ngun VCC chia in p cho ba
in tr ny. 1/3 in p VCC c chn dng ca
con opamp th nht (COMP1) v 2/3 in p VCC
c a vo chn m ca con opamp th hai
(COMP2). Khi in p vo chn TRIGGER (chn 2
ca IC 555) nh hn 1/3 in p VCC, chn S ca
flip flop chuyn sang mc cao v flip flop set.
Khi in p chn THRESHOLD (chn 6 ca IC 555)
ln hn 2/3 VCC th chn R ca flip flop l tch
cc v flip flop c reset.

Gii thch s dao ng:

 Gi s khi c cung cp in p VCC, ng ra Q ca
flip flop l tch cc (H) cn ng ra

mc thp (L). Do , transistor tt, dng in t

VCC qua Ra v Rb n t in C. T C np in. in
p ti im X ban u l 0V. V in p VX < V1 (ca
COMP1) nn chn S ca Flip flop tr thnh tch cc
(H) ng ra Q cng tch cc (H)

mc thp (L). Mt khc, v VX < V2 (COMP2),

u ra COMP2 mc thp (L), flip flop hot ng n
nh ch ny.
 Khi in p ti im X ln hn in p V1 (VX > 1/3
VCC) ca COMP1, th u ra ca COMP1 l mc
thp (L). tuy nhin, s thay i ny khng lm thay
i trng thi hot ng hin ti ca flip flop. Khi
VX > V2 (VX > 2/3 VCC), u ra ca COMP2 tch
cc (H), chn R ca flip flop cng tch cc lm
thay i trng thi hot ng ca flip flop. Ng ra
Q l mc thp, cn ng

l tch cc. Lc ny, transistor c kch dn, dng

in khng cn qua t C na, v t bt u x qua Rb v
transistor. in p VX gim dn, n khi VX < V2, u
ra ca COMP2 chuyn sang mc thp, s thay i ny
khng lm thay i trng thi ca flip flop.
 in p VX gim khi t x, khi VX V1,u ra ca
COMP1 tr thnh tch cc (H) chn S ca flip
flop cng tch cc. Ng ra Q ca FF l mc cao,
ngc li

l mc thp. Do , transistor tt, t ngng x, dng in chy qua t, t

li np, in p VX tng dn.Qu trnh c lp li nh lc u.

Khi t in np, n np qua 2 in tr Ra v Rb, cn khi x, t ch x qua Rb.

Nh vy thi gian np v thi gian x l khc nhau, tn hiu dao ng khng
u. lm gim s khc nhau , thng thng ta chn Rb >> Ra (Ra 0).

Mch iu khin t xa s
dng in thoi

S iu khin t xa s dng in thoi

 y l mt mch t xa m cho php chuyn mch' On '
v ' Off ' ca nhng thit b qua nhng ng dy in
thoi. N c th c dng bt tt nhng thit b t
bt k khong cch no, khc phc phm vi hn ch ca
tia hng ngoi v nhng s iu khin t xa rai.
Mch c m t y c th c dng hot
ng 9 thit b (tng ng ti nhng ch s t 1 n 9
trong s in thoi). DTMF tn hiu trn dng c in
thoi c s dng nh l tn hiu iu khin. Ch s' 0'
trong kiu DTMF c dng lin kt gia kiu trang
thit b v kiu thao tc in thoi bnh thng. Nh vy
in thoi cng c th c dng bt hay tt nhng
trang thit b trong khi n c dng cho cuc ni
chuyn bnh thng.
Mch s dng KT3170 IC (b bin i DTMF -to-
BCD) 74154 (DMUX 4- 16), v nm con IC CD4013 (D
flip-flop). S hot ng ca mch nh sau:
+Trc tin l mt lnh thit lp (sau vic nghe
thy cng c li m thanh), s 0' trong kiu DTMF. IC1
gii m iu ny nh' 1010,' qua IC2 DMUX khi u ra
010 ( Ti cht 11) ca IC2 (74154). Ng ra tch cc mc
thp ca IC2, sau o ngc bi mt cng bin i cc
ca IC3 (CD4049), tr nn lgic 1. Ci ny c dng
ni FF-1 v r le RL1 c cung cp nng lng. R le
RL1 c hai tip xc o ln, RL1(a) v RL1(b). Kch
thch m my RL1(a) nhng s tip xc cung cp mt
220-Ohm ngang qua ng dy in thoi trong khi
RL1(b) nhng s tip xc tim thuc mt tn s 10 kHz
trn dy, m ch bo ti ngi gi trang thit b kiu
l s chn la. 220- vng Ohm trn ng dy in thoi
ngt kt ni chung t ng dy in thoi trong s trao
i. Hng by gi c ni phng php lm vic trang
thit b .
Nu s 0' khng c quay s ( DTMF) sau khi
thit lp cuc gi, ci vng tip tc v in thoi c th
c s dng cho cuc ni chuyn bnh thng. Sau s
chn lc ca phng php lm vic trang thit b, nu
nhn s1' ca ch s c quay s, n c gii m bi
IC1 v u ra 0001'. M BCD ny c demultiplexed
bi IC2 (4 16) m c u ra tng ng, sau khi o
ngc bi mt b phn bin i nghch o CD4049, i
n lgic 1 trng thi. Xung ny mch FF tng ng
xen k trng thi. u ra mch bp bnh c dng
iu khin mt ci r le (RL2) m c th bt hay tt trang
thit b c ni xuyn qua nhng s tip xc ca n.
Bng vic quay s nhng ch s khc trong mt cch
tng t, nhng trang thit b khc c th cng c
chuyn' m ' hay ' tt '.
+Mt ln thao tc o mch qua, 220- in tr
vng Ohm v 10 kHz m thanh cn c loi b t
ng dy in thoi. t c iu ny, 0' ca ch
s (trong kiu DTMF) c quay s ln na ko flip-
flop-1 kh t r le RL1, m kt thc vng trn hng
v tn s 10 kHz cng ri ra(in b cp). ng dy
in thoi nh vy ln na c t ra t do nhn
c nhng s gi bnh thng.Mch ny s c ni
trong ng song song ti dng c in thoi .