Visualizing

Japanese Grammar

Appendix

Shoko Hamano
George Washington University

1 S. Hamano and W. Kikuchi

 Here is a summary of Counters for measuring time
counters for
measuring time from
the larger to the (century)
smaller.

(year)

(month)

2 S. Hamano and W. Kikuchi

 Here is a summary of Counters for measuring time
counters for
measuring time from
the larger to the (week)
smaller.

(day)

(hour)

3 S. Hamano and W. Kikuchi

 Here is a summary of Counters for measuring time
counters for
measuring time from
the larger to the (minute)

smaller.

(second)

4 S. Hamano and W. Kikuchi

 Most expressions for Naming points in time
duration are also
used for naming
points in time. Such (oclock)
are seiki century,
nen year, hun

minute, and by
second.

There are also unique
expressions for
points in time. The (month)
first is ji oclock.

The names of the

months are just
slightly more
irregular. Pay
attention to shigatsu
April, shichigatsu
July, and kugatsu
(day of
September.
month)
Except for the first
day, the names of the
days of a month are
identical to the
measuring
expressions.

5 S. Hamano and W. Kikuchi

 Here are some other Naming points in time
non-numeral names
for points in time.


Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

AM PM

early morning, morning, (near) noon, near sunset, evening, night

week end, end of month, end of year

6 S. Hamano and W. Kikuchi

 Here are names of Naming points in time
points in time
relative to the
present.


day before yesterday, yesterday, today, tomorrow, day after tomorrow, 3 days from today

week before last, last week, this week, next week, week after next

last month, this month, next month

/
/

year before last, last year, this year, next year, year after next

7 S. Hamano and W. Kikuchi