quick & easy!

NO-CARVE PUMPKIN MAKEOVERS

Beauty in Your Own Backyard

FLY INTO FALL!

Snacks birds love
Daodil favorites
Grab a front row seat
for raptor migration

Win over
waxwings
p.28

THE #1
BIRD & GARDEN
MAGAZINE
IN AMERICA
succulent secrets
AN EXPERT GUIDE TO GET YOU GROWING OCTOBER I NOVEMBER 2016 $3.99 I $4.99
contents BIRDS & BLOOMS OCTOBER I NOVEMBER 2016

FEATURES

32
Molting Masters
of Disguise
Be a fall plumage pro with
ID tips from our experts.

38
Catching the
Currents
Visit the best places to see
migrating birds of prey.

44
Smitten with
Succulents
Fall in love with these
gorgeous plants and learn
how you can grow them, too.

raptor
hot spots 38
IN EVERY ISSUE
7 FROM THE EDITOR
68 FOR THE READER
DEPARTMENTS
9 BIRD TALES
Readers share beloved photos
and stories about fall birds.
17 GARDEN WITH A PURPOSE
Add pizzazz to your yard
with Japanese anemone.
18 YARD SMARTS
Get creative with no-carve
pumpkin decor ideas.
22 TOP 10
Plant these daffodil picks now
for a sunny spring garden.
32 NE
28 FEEDER TALK GIVE AWW
Tasty berries bring cedar AY
waxwings to your yard. 63 FROM YOUR BACKYARD
Put your owl ID skills to the
30 STUFF WE LOVE test with our photo quiz.
Transform your backyard with
cute and funky feeders. 70 DID YOU KNOW?
Discover seven new things you
51 GLAD YOU ASKED! didnt know about spiders.
Our experts answer birding
and gardening questions.
ON THE COVER
56 WINDOW TO WILDLIFE No-Carve Pumpkins p. 18
Learn the telltale signs Snacks Birds Love p. 63
that owls are around. Daffodil Faves p. 22
60 TRAVEL Raptor Migration p. 38
enter
Get to know central Indiana Succulent Secrets p. 44
with the help of a local. Win Over Waxwings p. 28 to win
Four readers will each win
two Desert Steel pumpkin
luminaries. Place a light or
candle in these all-weather
lanterns and watch your yard
come alive. Sign up to enter
at birdsandblooms.com/
contests.

9 44 look for us on

FRONT COVER: JOHN GILL; BACK COVER: ASHARKYU/SHUTTERSTOCK

IMPORTANT FACTS about ELIQUIS (apixaban) tablets
The information below does not take the place of talking with your healthcare professional. Only your healthcare
professional knows the specics of your condition and how ELIQUIS may t into your overall therapy. Talk to your
healthcare professional if you have any questions about ELIQUIS (pronounced ELL eh kwiss).
What is the most important information
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fibrillation: Do not stop taking ELIQUIS
without talking to the doctor who prescribed
it for you. Stopping ELIQUIS increases your
risk of having a stroke. ELIQUIS may need
to be stopped, prior to surgery or a medical
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when you should stop taking ELIQUIS and when
you may start taking it again. If you have to
stop taking ELIQUIS, your doctor may prescribe
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ELIQUIS can cause bleeding which can be
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decide if you will take ELIQUIS or breastfeed. New York, New York 10017 USA
You should not do both COUMADIN is a trademark of Bristol-Myers Squibb
Tell all of your doctors and dentists that you are Pharma Company.
taking ELIQUIS. They should talk to the doctor
who prescribed ELIQUIS for you, before you
have any surgery, medical or dental procedure.
2015 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
ELIQUIS is a trademark of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company.
Based on 1356615 / 1356514 / 1356454 / 1356616
June 2015
432US1501088-11-01
 EDITORIAL
EXECUTIVE EDITOR Jeanne Ambrose

from the editor

ACTING EDITOR Kirsten Sweet
ART DIRECTOR Sharon K. Nelson
ASSOCIATE EDITOR Kaitlin Stainbrook
EDITORIAL PRODUCTION MANAGER Dena Ahlers
EDITORIAL PRODUCTION COORDINATOR Jill Banks
If I had a nickel for every time Ive blurted out hawk!
LAYOUT DESIGNER Courtney Lovetere only to discover it was a soaring turkey vulture, Id be rich. My
COPY CHIEF Deb Warlaumont Mulvey raptor ID skills were less than stellar until my 2013 trip to the
COPY EDITOR Dulcie Shoener
CONTRIBUTING COPY EDITORS Kristin Sutter, Cape May Fall Festival in New Jersey. I spotted a workshop on
Michael Juley, Valerie Phillips the schedule with this description: Struggling
ASSOCIATE EDITOR, BOOKS Julie Kuczynski
BIRDING EXPERTS Kenn and Kimberly Kaufman to separate a Coopers hawk from a sharp-
HORTICULTURE EXPERT Melinda Myers shinned? Amazed when a bald eagle is spotted
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
David Shaw, Sheryl DeVore high in the sky and you see nothing? All I
BUSINESS ARCHITECT, PUBLISHING TECHNOLGIES
Amanda Harmatys could think was yes and yes!
SOLUTIONS ARCHITECT, I learned that to identify raptors in ight,
PUBLISHING TECHNOLOGIES John Mosey
BUSINESS ANALYST, you must know their silhouettes. Its diffcult
PUBLISHING TECHNOLOGIES Kate Unger to see colors or eld marks on high-ying
JUNIOR BUSINESS ANALYST,
PUBLISHING TECHNOLOGIES Shannon Stroud birds. But if you remember a few things about
EDITORIAL BUSINESS MANAGER Kristy Martin
RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS ASSOCIATE
their shapes, you can narrow it down. For
Samantha Lea Stoeger example, sharp-shinned and Coopers hawks have long, slender
EDITORIAL BUSINESS ASSOCIATE
Andrea Heeg Polzin tails compared with the short, stubby tails of red-tailed hawks.
EDITORIAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATOR Im still no pro; identifying raptors requires a lot of practice.
Marie Brannon
SENIOR MANAGER, CONTENT MARKETING But now is an ideal time to watch these birds of prey as they
Melanie OBrien
ASSISTANT CONTENT PRODUCER Hannah Holtz migrate. Turn to page 38 to nd six hot spots for viewing
SVP, CHIEF CONTENT OFFICER Catherine Cassidy thousands of migrants.
VICE PRESIDENT, CONTENT OPERATIONS The challenges of bird-watching this time of year dont stop
Kerri Balliet
CREATIVE DIRECTOR Howard Greenberg there. You may notice that goldnches are changing from
BUSINESS bright yellow to drab brown. On page 32, experts explain why,
VICE PRESIDENT, GROUP PUBLISHER
Russell S. Ellis
and they share clues to identifying other tricky species.
ADVERTISING
Whether you can identify fall birds in a snap or you just
DISPLAY SALES Robert Z. Feiner, cracked open your rst eld guide, step outside and look
robertf@taustermedia.com
Janis Mason, janm@taustermedia.com around. If all you see are turkey vultureswell, they may not
Susan Tauster, susant@taustermedia.com be pretty, but theyve got quite an impressive wingspan!
EDITORIAL SALES Wendy Lay
wendy.lay@tmbi.com Kirsten Sweet
(for advertising inquiries only: 414-423-3736)
DIRECT RESPONSE ADVERTISING
Eric Genova, egenova@mediapeople.com
MARKETING DIRECTOR Christina Masterson
ART DIRECTOR Ed Jackson Coopers hawk
ASSOCIATE MARKETING MANAGER Alexis Aliquo

DIRECTOR, NORTH AMERICA

MAGAZINE PRODUCTION Patricia Nolan
SENIOR PRODUCTION MANAGER Kristine Jacobson
PRODUCTION COORDINATOR Chelsea Schlicht
TRUSTED MEDIA BRANDS, INC.
PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Bonnie Kintzer
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER Dean Durbin
CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER C. Alec Casey
CHIEF REVENUE OFFICER Richard Sutton
CHIEF DIGITAL OFFICER Vince Errico long, slender tail
SVP, GLOBAL HR & COMMUNICATIONS
Phyllis E. Gebhardt, SPHR; SHRM-SCP
GENERAL COUNSEL Mark Sirota
VP, MAGAZINE MARKETING Christopher Gaydos rounded
DIRECTOR, NEWSSTAND MARKETING Lisa MacDonald wingtips
VP, OPERATIONS Michael Garzone
VP, CONSUMER MARKETING PLANNING Jim Woods
VP, DIGITAL PRODUCT & TECHNOLOGY Nick Contardo
VP, DIGITAL CONTENT & AUDIENCE
DEVELOPMENT Diane Dragan
Happy Thanksgiving! To show our appreciation
HAWK: STEVE BYLAND

VP, FINANCIAL PLANNING & ANALYSIS William Houston

PUBLISHING DIRECTOR, BOOKS Debra Polansky to our readers, we are offering a free Thanksgiving guide with
recipes, jokes, stories and more to help you and your family make
unforgettable memories this holiday. Go to birdsandblooms.com/
thanksgiving2016 to accept our gift.

october I november 2016 Birds & Blooms 7

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bird tales
Our readers share some of their best birding stories.

I had just
bought my
first DSLR camera and
happened to have it
near me while I was
doing yardwork in my
grandfathers backyard.
A large bird landed in
a pine tree, so I grabbed
the camera and went to
check it out. It wasnt
TONGUE too concerned by my
TWISTER presence, and I got
Pileated woodpeckers close for this snapshot.
have long barbed I later found out it was
tongues designed for a pileated woodpecker.
scooping bugs Im really lucky that
out of trees.
one of my first ventures
into bird photography
involved such a willing
and interesting subject.
Bob Fink
LEWISBERRY, PENNSYLVANIA

Birds & Blooms 9

 Every autumn I eagerly look forward to
the annual migration of sandhill cranes through
southeastern Tennessee. Most years, its October when
I hear the distinct throaty call of cranes flying overhead.
The weary travelers rest for a couple of months at the
Hiwassee Wildlife Refuge near Birchwood, Tennessee,
where I photographed these three birds in flight.
Its a thrill to observe them during their short visit.
Dan Sommers CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE

VEGGIE-
A white- FRIENDLY
breasted In winter, white-
nuthatch hopped breasted nuthatches
down a longleaf pine trade insects for seeds,
tree right in front of my like acorns and pine
farm truck. I sneaked nuts, and eat a mostly
over with my camera, vegetarian diet.
leaned against the grille
of the truck and waited
for the right moment.
I wasnt disappointed!
Roger Stranc
REMBERT, SOUTH CAROLINA

10 Birds & Blooms

 bird tales
I love
photographing
small birds
when their rapid
movement and the trees
interfering branches add
to the challenge of getting
a standout shot. Im
red-green colorblind, so
the way this pine warbler
flitted about attracted
me. If it had been a
painted bunting or a
cardinal, I might not have
even noticed it! The pine
warbler seemed curious
about my camera, and it
paused long enough for
me to get this picture.
Mark Menser
WINDER, GEORGIA

This great horned owl lives in my

yard, and I like watching and photographing it and
its sibling. This photo, taken on a windy August
afternoon, shows the 6-month-old owl trying to
hang on tight in my sycamore tree.
Leslie Ashford MADISON, MISSISSIPPI

october I november 2016 Birds & Blooms 11

bird tales

The bobbing bodies

of these mallard ducks caught my eye
one late afternoon on a hike. I watched
them long enough to capture this
image of their tandem dive for food.
Laura Meier BLOOMINGTON, MINNESOTA

A streak of blue
flew through my yard with
a loud, hawklike scream
and landed on a nearby
tree. The racket quickly
gave way to a pensive
quiet amid fall colors
that created the perfect
backdrop for the blue jays
dramatic markings. My
camera always reminds
me to stop and notice
the beauty of nature.
Evelyn Anderson
ANKENY, IOWA

During a hike,
we found a family of
loons swimming under
the bridge. The shallow
water was so clear that
we could see the parents
teaching their two babies
how to dive for fish. The
patterns on their backs
were dazzling.
Lisa Howard
ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA

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bird tales

I adore cardinals, especially in fall

and winter. This female landed in a nearby dogwood
tree, and I immediately focused the camera on her.
I was almost afraid to hope for a photo of her taking
off, but I kept my arms and hands steady despite
my nervousness. As she spread her wings in the
morning sun, I held my breath and started snapping.
The final result completely made my day.
Vera Walling ORANGEBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA

Even as the
weather cools
down, I keep my camera
handy. I took this photo
of a tufted titmouse from
inside a garden shed
that Ive converted into
a bird blind. I set up an
area with branches and
seeds about 20 feet from
the sheds window. So
that I dont disturb the
birds, I keep the window
closed and use a webcam
to keep an eye on my
photography subjects.
That way, Im ready to BACKYARD
snap the shutter at the HOARDER
perfect moment. Tufted titmice store
Lucian Parshall as many seeds as they
BRIGHTON, MICHIGAN can in fall and winter,
taking full advantage
of bird feeders.

share your winter

bird tales! Send
stories and photos to
birdsandblooms.com/
submit-your-story and
they could appear in an
upcoming winter issue.

14 Birds & Blooms birdsandblooms.com

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 garden with a purpose

Autumn Flair
This nectar-rich bloom is a perfect picnic spot for butteries.

JAPANESE ANEMONE
Anemone x hybrida, Zones 4 to 8
|
Well suited to sun or partial shade,
this buttery magnet produces
saucer-shaped white or pink owers
JAN SMITH/GAP PHOTOS

from late summer through fall. Be

sure the site you choose to plant it has
moist, humus-rich soil and gets some
sun. A ne choice for autumn interest,
it thrives in cool, damp conditions.

Birds & Blooms 17

yard smarts

From Patch to Patio

Pluck a pumpkin from the eld for a fresh new look. By Kaitlin Stainbrook

Pick the
Perfect
Pumpkin
Firmness is key. You
should be able to dent
but not puncturethe
rind with your thumbnail.
Two signs of a healthy
pumpkin are a uniformly
deep orange color and
a 1- to 2-inch stem.
Practice good squash
care and hold a pumpkin
in your hands, not by
its stem.
Choose a pumpkin
that sits upright on a
at surface. Itll be easy
to carve or decorate.

turn the page

for our favorite spins
on no-carve pumpkins.
THE SECRETS
IN THE SUN
Pumpkin rinds need
to cure by sunbathing for
several weeks to harden
and to boost shelf life,
which is why you see
them sprawled out
in farm fields.
ZOG/ISTOCK
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yard smarts

No-Carve Pumpkins,
Four Ways

Coat in black
2 spray paint and
doodle something
spooky. This one
Stick double-sided was done by blogger
1 tape to colorful Ashley Hackshaw
ribbons, then wrap (lilblueboo.com) in
around the pumpkin. silver Sharpie.

RIBBONS: GAP PHOTOS/VISIONS

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4 Arrange painters
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strips of patterned pattern, apply paint,
paper, then seal with then peel away the
another thick layer tape to reveal a
of Mod Podge. zigzag design.

20 Birds & Blooms birdsandblooms.com

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 TOP 10

dare to
go daffodil
Plant these favorites now for a
burst of sunny blooms in spring.
BY MELINDA MYERS

DIG DEEP
Plant daffodils in
early autumn, making
sure to plant twice
as deep as the
bulb is tall.

22 Birds & Blooms birdsandblooms.com

 TOP 10
1 ACTAEA From classic to quirky, daffodils are a
2 CASSATA fail-safe way to cheer up any garden. Order bulbs
3 SHERBORNE early for the best selection, plant in the fall and enjoy
4 HOOP PETTICOATS the flowers for many springs to come. Try a few of
5 AVALANCHE these top favorites. You may be surprised how many
6 TTE--TTE heights, colors and shapes they come in.
7 BABY MOON
8 THALIA
9 TAHITI best for
bouquets
10 YELLOW RIVER
LEFT: REX MAY/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; 1: IMAGEBROKER/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; 2: CHRIS BURROWS/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; 3: WWW.LONGFIELD-GARDENS.COM

Actaea
ZONES 3 TO 8
This member of the poeticus group stands out in the
garden thanks to its distinctive look: red-rimmed short
trumpets skirted by large white petals. It has a fantastic
fragrance, multiplies without a fuss and makes a great
cut ower.
Why we love it: Actaea is an heirloom that keeps
spring going a little longer because it blooms later in
the season.
Cassata
ZONES 3 TO 8
Add something different to your early or midspring
garden with this charming ower. Rufes of lemony
yellow lie against white petals, making it look more like
an anemone than a daffodil. The blossoms eventually
fade to off-white, adding another dimension to your
backyard display.
Why we love it: Cassata may look delicate, but this
vigorous grower holds its own among other daffodils
and seasonal owers.

Sherborne
ZONES 3 TO 8
Double your daffodils with double-owering varieties.
This award-winning cultivar has twice the usual
number of outer petals and charming two-tone centers.
Sherbornes giant blooms have strong stems, so these
beauties stand tall.
Why we love it: Its impressive double blooms show
up midseason and just dont quit. Like all daffodils, its
resistant to hungry deer and rabbits.

october I november 2016 Birds & Blooms 23


Hoop Petticoats
ZONES 6 TO 9
Look closely at how this plants saffron trumpets turn
downward and youll see how it got its common name.
(The botanical name is Narcissus bulbocodium.) Hoop
Petticoats, like other daffodils, are happiest in full sun
or part shade and in average and well-drained soils.
Why we love it: These 4- to 5-inch-tall daffodils,
originally native to Western Europe, are right at home
in rock gardens, troughs or other small-scale plantings.
Tte--Tte
ZONES 4 TO 9
A top 10 list wouldnt be complete without the super
popular Tte--Tte miniature daffodil. Although it
stands only 5 to 8 inches tall, its buttery yellow owers
make this spring bloomer noticeable even from a
distance. Force them indoors, grow them in containers
or tuck them into perennial plantings for an extra dash
of color.
Why we love it: The early blossoms are a welcome
sign that spring has arrived at last.
24 Birds & Blooms
deer-resistant
and
frost-tolerant
Avalanche
ZONES 6 TO 9
These midsized daffodils are longtime favorites in
southern gardens. Like paperwhites, they grow in
sweetly fragrant clusters of 10 to 20 little white and
yellow blooms. Plant them in combination with colorful
tulips or pansies to really show them off.
Why we love it: Thomas Jefferson was a fan! But
he probably knew the Avalanche daffodils growing at
Monticello by the name Seventeen Sisters. They can be
4: CHRIS BURROWS/GETTY; 5: RM FLORAL/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; 6: WWW.LONGFIELD-GARDENS.COM; 7: REX MAY/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO
grown indoors or, where climate allows, outdoors.
Baby Moon
ZONES 4 TO 9
It may be only 6 to 12 inches tall, but dont overlook
Baby Moon. The one or two owers on each stem are
among the most fragrant out there. Heat-tolerant, it
makes a wonderful cut ower.
Why we love it: A jonquil-type daffodil, Baby Moon
has short reedlike leaves that are easily masked
by surrounding foliage.
Continued on page 26
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 perfect for
southern
gardens
Thalia
ZONES 3 TO 9
Brighten up your night garden with this midspring
bloom. The narrow petals create the perfect backdrop
for outward-facing trumpets, and its a snap for new
gardeners to grow, especially in the South. This fragrant
heirloom has a history dating to 1916.
Why we love it: Often called the whitest of the
white daffodils, this plant produces up to ve pure
white owers per stem.
Yellow River
ZONES 3 TO 8
Traditionalists love this classic golden daffodil. It has
graced gardens for more than 50 years with its big
trumpets backed by thick, cheerful petals. Like other
daffodils, it grows best in full sun to part shade. For
an earlier bloomer, check out another trumpet variety,
Unsurpassable, which performs well in both northern
and southern landscapes.
Why we love it: You cant go wrong with this award-
winning daffodil standby. Its bold color and sweet scent
make it a wise choice for mass plantings.
26 Birds & Blooms
Tahiti
ZONES 3 TO 8
Bring out the tropical side of your landscape with this
long-lasting, heat-resistant daffodil. The red-orange
rufes accent sunny blooms, making it a standout in
the garden.
Why we love it: This striking charmer is one of the
most sturdy and reliable double-owering daffodils
youll nd.
whats in a name?
Daffodil. Narcissus. Jonquil. Youll hear these
spring beauties called all three names. Daffodil
is the common name given to the plants by
English-speaking people. Narcissus is the groups
botanical name, which many gardeners now use
as its common name, too. And jonquils are a
specific type of narcissus (Narcissus jonquilla),
including popular varieties such as Baby Moon,
Beautiful Eyes, Lemon Sailboat, Martinette and
Pipit. Jonquils usually have one to three small
fragrant flowers per stem with more cylindrical
pointed leaves.
8, 9, 10: WWW.LONGFIELD-GARDENS.COM
Melinda Myers is
Birds & Blooms
horticulture expert.
She cant get enough of
daffodils in her spring
garden. She loves them
and, even better, hungry
wildlife dont!
birdsandblooms.com
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 DID YOU
KNOW?
Unlike most birds,
waxwings can survive
on fruit alone for
several months.

MARIE READ; BOHEMIAN: BILL LEAMAN


Berry Chasers
Win over waxwings with native fruit-bearing plants. By Kirsten Sweet
hen it comes to
W appearances, theres
nothing quite like
waxwings. Theyre mostly covered
in sleek brown plumage, but their
handsome good looks are in the
detailsslicked-back head feathers,
a black eye mask, waxy red wing
tips, and a tail that looks as if its
been dipped in yellow paint. Spotting
just one of these attractive birds is
a treat, but nows the time to go out
and nd a whole ock of them.
Widespread Wanderers
Waxwings are incredibly social birds
that forage in ocks year-round. But
come fall, you might spot hundreds
at a time descending on a single
berry-lled tree or shrub. Waxwings
are nomadic; where they breed
and spend winter varies each year,
because they travel to places where
fruit is most abundant. A ock could
show up almost anywhere in the
country throughout the fall and
winter months.
Look for these drifters anywhere
berry-producing trees or shrubs
Bohemian
waxwing
october I november 2016
feeder talk
growwoodlands, farms, orchards,
suburban parks or your backyard.
You might hear them before you see
them, so learn their high-pitched
sseee call. Once you spot a ock,
watch for peculiar behaviors, like
waxwings passing a berry to each
other, or a bird plucking fruit and
tossing it in the air.
Help waxwings nd your yard
by planting natives that produce
small berries, such as dogwood,
serviceberry, cedar, juniper,
hawthorn or winterberry. SUPER MODELS
Readers share their best
The Bohemians action shots.
Less widespread than their cedar Every year, I sat on my friends
relatives, Bohemian waxwings porch overlooking his service-
are found in the far Northwest berry tree, trying to capture
and in states along the Canada photos of cedar waxwings with
border in winter. There are very berries in their bills. I love how
the red berry matches the tip
subtle differences between the two
of this birds wings.
speciesBohemians are grayer and
John Flynn
have red coloring under their tails. MANCHESTER, CONNECTICUT
When perched, white wing bars
are visible on Bohemians (theyre It was fascinating to watch this
absent on cedar waxwings). Where cedar waxwing move around a
the ranges overlap, both species shrub. The bird finally perched
on a branch, plucked a berry
might be spotted in the same group.
and tossed it in the air.
Sharon Siter
SOUTH EGREMONT, MASSACHUSETTS
Birds & Blooms 29
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30 Birds & Blooms birdsandblooms.com

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 MASTERS 0F

LEFT: GLENN BARTLEY; RIGHT: RICHARD DAY/DAYBREAK IMAGERY

In the fall, male

American goldnches
lose their brilliant yellow
feathers, and new
brown ones grow in
instead. This process
is called molting.

32 Birds & Blooms

Now you see them, now you dont!
Discover why birds change color in
the fall and how to identify them.
BY KENN AND KIMBERLY KAUFMAN
 s summer slips into fall
and the weather cools down, swimsuits and
shorts are swapped for sweaters and scarves.
Birds also change their wardrobes with the
seasons. Many species look the same 365 days
of the year, but some look so different in fall
that they are challenging to identify.

DISAPPEARING ACT
Take the American goldnch, for example.
All summer, glowing yellow male American
goldnches nibble at your feeder, and then one fall
day theres not a bright lemon-colored songbird to
be found. In fact, the goldnches are still around
and coming to feeders. They just look different
drab and dull. The color changes of the female
American goldnch are subtle, but the male is all
drama. He transitions from blazing yellow to a
much duller yellow-brown, making him look more
like the female.
His feathers arent actually changing color.
Instead, the bird gradually replaces all the feathers
in a process called molting. Over the span of a
few weeks, old feathers slowly drop out and new
ones grow in. If you spot the male goldnch in the
middle of molting, hell have patches of yellow and
brown. But once hes decked out in his autumn
garb, youd never guess he was once bright yellow.

PRESTO CHANGE-O
RIGHT: STEVE AND DAVE MASLOWSKI

Molting isnt unique to goldnches. As a rule,

JOHANN SCHUMACHER DESIGN;

any healthy wild songbird replaces its feathers at

least once a year. Late summer to fall is the most
common time for this to happen, but in many cases
its not too noticeable. A male cardinal, for example,
replaces old red feathers with new red feathers, so
he looks freshened up but otherwise unchanged.

34 Birds & Blooms

MALE SCARLET
TANAGERS
change from
red and black to
dull yellow (right)
in late summer.

Its another story, of course, when birds molt into

a completely different plumage in fall.
One bird that changes in a big way is the male
scarlet tanager, which is scarlet for only half the
year. In late summer, this species replaces all its
feathers before migrating to South America in fall.
The male plumage changes from brilliant red to
dull yellowish-green, like the females. The same
thing happens to the bobolink of meadows and
hayelds. The male bobolinks breeding plumage of
black, yellow and white is replaced by a yellowish-
brown sparrowlike pattern before he ies off to
South America in fall. The male indigo bunting
goes from an intense deep blue in spring and
summer to mostly brown.

FLEDGLING FEATS
A new challenge in late summer comes as young
birds leave the nest, looking very different from
their parents. Baby chipping sparrows are covered
with dark streaks, while their parents have smooth
gray chests and reddish caps. Fledgling robins
and bluebirds are covered with spots at rst but
eventually lose them as they grow up. The majority
of small birds, however, molt their body and head
feathers soon after they become independent,
quickly replacing their juvenile plumage. Within a
month, they look recognizably similar to adults.
Once fall arrives, some young birds look very
different. Cedar waxwings usually nest late
in summer, so you might see streaky brown

Birds & Blooms 35

 juveniles as late as November. Young red-headed
woodpeckers have brown heads until late fall and
occasionally through winter. While adult white-
crowned sparrows are smooth gray and brown
with sharp black and white head stripes, their
kids have brown and tan stripes on their heads
through their rst fall and winter.

CRACK THE CODE

The good news is that as tough as it can be to
identify adults that change color or youngsters
that look different from their parents, its not
impossible. For starters, when you see an odd
bird in fall, look beyond its colors and focus on
its shape, size and actions. Even without bright
hues, a male scarlet tanager is still a medium-
size songbird with a thick bill that moves quietly
through the foliage in tall trees. Although a young
cedar waxwing has stripes on its chest, its still a
crested bird that sits upright, eats berries and ies
out to catch insects in midair. Its also likely to be
in a ock with other waxwings.
Another tried-and-true tip is to look closely
at the wings and tail. On most birds, these dont
change as much as the head and body do. That
male scarlet tanager may be mostly greenish
yellow in autumn, but he still has black wings.
The young cedar waxwing has a yellow band at
the tip of its tail, just like the adults.
A good way to practice fall bird ID skills is to look
at those American goldnches again. The males

LEFT, TOP; DANNY BROWN; BOTTOM: ROLAND JORDAHL; RIGHT: RICHARD DAY/DAYBREAK IMAGERY
lose their bold color, but theyre still tiny birds with
thick, seed-crunching beaks. Theyre still active and
sociable, moving around in ocks, with a bouncy
ight and short musical calls. They still have black
wings with white or buff wing bars, and white spots
on black tails. The bright gold color may be gone,
but that goldnch personality is always present.
Soon itll be spring again. Watch your feeders
and you may witness a magical transformation as
the goldnches go from patchy brown and yellow
Young cedar on the way to a sparkling summer wardrobe.
waxwings (top)
and adults sport
yellow bands on
their tails. Use that
clue to identify tricky
juveniles in fall.

Naturalists Kenn and Kimberly

Kaufman feed their backyard birds
year-round to observe plumage changes.
 EASTERN
BLUEBIRDS
quickly lose their
spotty juvenile
feathers as
they grow up.

Birds & Blooms 37

CATCH I NG
THE
L IO N S O F HAWKS,
MIL
G L E S A N D FALCONS
EA
O A R T H R O UGH THE
S
S A S T H E Y MIGRATE.
SKIE
KY-HIGH
T H E B E ST S
O W S A R E IN THESE
SH
LY O V E R S TATES.
F
DEVORE
BY SHERYL
 CU R R EN TS

About 2,800
Coopers hawks
are counted
each fall at
Cape May Bird
Observatory.
JOHANN SCHUMACHER DESIGN

Birds & Blooms 39

I N CERTAIN PLACES WHERE LAND
meets water or where mountain ridges
create geographic funnels, migrating
raptors gather in huge numbers every
autumn. Many birds of prey look for
thermals, which are rising columns of air
that form when the sun heats the earth,
to help them soar as high as 3,000 feet.
Riding the thermals helps raptors conserve
energy as they head south for the winter,
says Step Wilson, Hawkwatch program
manager at the Golden Gate Raptor
Observatory in San Francisco.
Bird-watchers and scientists observe raptor
migration in the U.S. from late August to mid-
December, with species numbers and types
changing as the season progresses. At hot spots
across the country, researchers safely capture
and band hawks, and volunteers perform daylong
counts as the birds y over. Here are a few places
to witness high-ying migrants.

Hawk Mountain
Sanctuary, PENNSYLVANIA
An annual hawk watch occurs daily at this
FROM LEFT: H. MARK WEIDMAN PHOTOGRAPHY/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO;

2,600-acre scenic preserve from Aug. 15 to

Dec. 15. Check out North Lookout, only
a mile from the visitor center, where an
average of 18,000 hawks, eagles and falcons
are counted each season.
Highlights include large numbers of
ANTHONY MERCIECA; JOSEPH KENNEDY

broad-winged hawks in September. Plus,

spotters have seen more than 1,000 sharp-
shinned hawks in a single day in October
and more than 1,000 red-tailed hawks a day
in late October and early November.

Birders watch for

raptors at Hawk
Mountain Sanctuary.

40 Birds & Blooms birdsandblooms.com

Smith Point Hawk Above: Large
A tower at Smith numbers of
Watch, TEXAS Point Hawk Mississippi kites
At some hawk watches, raptors are too Watch brings soar through Texas
high for beginners to identify, but at Smith visitors close to on their way to their
Point Hawk Watch, visitors take spectacular the action. wintering grounds
in central South
photos and get close looks as birds y over America.
a tower set up for counting.
Raptors congregate when they reach
Galveston Bay and must decide whether
to cross it or choose another route. Some
50,000 to 100,000 individuals, such as broad-
winged hawks, Mississippi kites and sharp-
shinned hawks, pass through each season,
along with black and turkey vultures.
About an hour from Smith Point, the Gulf
Coast Bird Observatory and HawkWatch
International conduct a watch at the Candy
Abshier Wildlife Management Area in Port

october I november 2016 Birds & Blooms 41

Above: After a Arthur, Texas, where up to 19 hawk species
cold front passes, show up at different times during the season.
raptor migration
tends to pick up.
Northern harriers Corpus Christi
are seen regularly HawkWatch, TEXAS
at Cape May Bird More than 1 million migratory raptors
Observatory. were counted in a single season along the
Nueces River by Corpus Christi HawkWatch.
Researchers and visitors see broad-winged
hawks and sharp-shinned hawks as well as
Mississippi kites, turkey vultures and some
rare nds, including zone-tailed hawks
and swallow-tailed kites. Its one of the
best places in the U.S. to view the largest
concentration of migrating raptors each fall.
Visit early August through November and
join researchers at the covered platform on
a bluff at Hazel Bazemore County Park.
42 Birds & Blooms
Hawk Ridge Bird
Observatory, MINNESOTA
Hawk Ridge attracts visitors from more than
HARRIER: BOB KOTHENBEUTEL; RED-TAILED HAWK: GEORGE EADE
40 countries to witness raptor migration.
Owned by the city of Duluth and managed
by the Hawk Ridge Bird Observatory, the
site features a main overlook on Skyline
Parkway at the western tip of Lake Superior.
Most raptors avoid large bodies of water,
so when they reach Lake Superior, they
congregate along the lakeshore and outlying
bluffs. Researchers count an average of
76,000 birds of prey each season and band
about 3,000 of them annually.
Twenty species, including owls, are
spotted here during autumn. Sharp-shinned
hawks and broad-winged hawks come
through in September. Red-tailed hawks,
birdsandblooms.com
 BE A HAWK-
WATCHER
Follow these tips
when you set off to
find soaring birds.
WHEN TO GO
A sunny day with some
clouds and northwest
winds about 15-20 mph is
best for raptor watching.
Hawks typically y from
about 10 a.m. to late
afternoon.
WHAT TO BRING
Pack layers of clothing,
water, binoculars and
snacks. Dont forget to
wear sturdy hiking boots.
WHAT TO EXPECT
Be prepared for an
uphill climb at some
observatories. Hawk-
watching requires a little
patience, but expect
the unexpected.
rough-legged hawks and bald eagles,
sometimes hundreds in one day, are
present into December. Visitors might see
barred, long-eared and other owls in small
numbers. The best time to visit is Sept. 1
to Oct. 31. Naturalists are also on hand
to answer questions and present live bird
demonstrations.
Cape May Bird
Observatory, NEW JERSEY
Cape May, a peninsula bordered by
Delaware Bay and the Atlantic Ocean,
serves as a natural funnel for migrating
raptors. An average of 17 species are
counted here from September through
November. After a cold front passes,
spotters may see large ights of sharp-
october I november 2016
shinned hawks, sometimes numbering in Above: A red-tailed
the hundreds to thousands. Other stars here hawk takes off at
include red-tailed hawks, peregrine falcons, the Golden Gate
Raptor Observatory.
osprey and northern harriers.
Scientists have counted birds here for 40
years. Researchers and visitors congregate
at the hawk watch platform near the parking
lot at Cape May Point State Park from Sept.
1 to Nov. 30 to observe the spectacle. A
festival sponsored by New Jersey Audubon
takes place in late October.
Golden Gate Raptor
Observatory, CALIFORNIA
Researchers have been spotting hawks
at various vantage points here from mid-
August until mid-December for 33 years.
Some birds come quite close, and 800 or
more sharp-shinned hawks might y by in
one day. Specialties include large numbers Sheryl DeVore
of turkey vultures and different morphs spends several
of red-tailed hawks, all the way from typical days each autumn
pale birds to dark morph individuals that at Illinois Beach
look almost black. State Park near her
The best and most accessible place for home. Volunteer
viewing is Hawk Hill, along Conzelman Road hawk counters
in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. help her sort out
From September through November, visitors the sharp-shinned,
can view up to 19 species of raptors while Coopers and
enjoying views of the Pacic Ocean, Golden others plying
Gate Bridge and the Marin Headlands. the sky.
Birds & Blooms 43
 Agave lophantha
Quadricolor

EVEN SUPERSTAR PLANTS NEED A LITTLE TLC. HERES HOW TO

Kalanchoe luciae
 Aeonium Sunburst

Aloe plicatilis

Aloe distans

GROW THEM WITH EASE. BY HEATHER RAY PHOTOS BY DEBRA LEE BALDWIN

Sedum rupestre
Angelina

Portulacaria afra
Variegata
Echeveria
agavoides
 Euphorbia tirucalli
Sticks on Fire

Sedum
nussbaumerianum
Coppertone
Stonecrop

Crassula
muscosa

Aeonium
urbicum

Q:
Kalanchoe
tomentosa
Golden Girl

Whats the
difference between
a cactus and a Sedum

A:
succulent? adolphii

Cacti are a
type of succulent,
which simply means
having leaves or
stems capable
of storing water.

Echeverias

birdsandblooms.com
 UCCULENTS have a supernatural
This kalanchoe,
ability to thrive in nearly any climate.
also known as
From growing across rugged terrain paddle plant, pairs
in a sprawling desert to sprouting up inside a nicely with blue
dainty teacup on a windowsill, these plants echeveria.
prove their toughness by storing water
in eshy leaves, ghting long periods of
drought and producing new roots and
rosettes. Today, the popularity of the desert
dwellers arises from their resiliency, ease of
propagation and exquisite formations.
Knowing what succulents like and dislike
helps you understand when to tend to your near-
invincible living works of art and when to let them
be. Here are a few pointers to help you get growing.

FIND YOUR LOOK

Garden photojournalist Debra Lee Baldwin,
author of Succulent Container Gardens and
Succulents Simplied, attests that these plants
can be grown anywhere by anyone. Succulents
are architectural and photogenic and have
remarkable aesthetic aspects, Debra says. Use
them to express your style and creativity.
How you display them is a fundamental tenet of
this type of gardening. Debra suggests containers
that showcase the plant, referring to pots as the

Choose a pot backup singers. She also recommends repeating

that makes your
design elements to create an overall soothing look,
succulents pop.
and playing with contrasting shapes, such as the
glowing sunset colors of Sticks on Fire euphorbia
(Euphorbia tirucalli) against an agaves blue-gray
tones. In general, succulents grow well together
in larger pots, but they are equally admirable in
individual vessels. Adding to their list of secret
superpowers, Debra says, they wont outgrow
small containers, making them thoughtful accents
for ofce or home windows.

PLANT FOR SUCCESS

Succulents, which include cacti, grow in both
nondraining and draining containers. For pots with
no holes, you may be tempted to add a layer of
rocks to the bottom to create a drainage layer. While
this sounds good in theory, Debra advises against
it. This is a common fallacy, she says. That layer
of rocks provides an area for bacteria to grow.
Underwatering is actually a better solution. Use
well-aerated soil designed for succulents and cacti,
as regular soil with a higher peat content will hold
too much water. And if youre worried about soil

Birds & Blooms 47

seeping out of pots with holes, slap on some mesh
tape. Once you have the plants all tucked in, top the
soil with pebbles or gravel for a nished look.

PREPARE FOR WINTER

Where your plants prefer to winter depends on
whether they are soft (also called tender) or hardy
varieties. Some soft types tolerate temperature
dips into the mid-20s (about Zone 9), whereas
other varieties are less forgiving when exposed to
below-freezing winters. Aeonium, aloe, crassula,
echeveria, jade, kalanchoe and senecio are
common frost-tender types.
For indoor growing, select a bright location,
preferably near a south or east window. Your
windowsill makes a lovely perch, but check to
make sure the plants arent getting too much sun;
believe it or not, even sun lovers can get scorched,
especially if theyre young and newly planted. The
concern is that UV rays, magnied by window
glass, may sunburn the leaves, Debra says.
Hardy forms, however, are less worrisome for
outdoor gardeners and withstand cold and frost
down to Zone 5. Some varieties even survive in
Zones 3 and 4. Popular hardy varieties include
jovibarba, sedum, opuntia and sempervivum.
Pink Butteries
WATER RESPONSIBLY kalanchoe will
The No. 1 secret to caring for succulents is to not grow in sun to
overwater them. Give them a good soak and then light shade.
wait for the soil to nearly dry out. Remember,
succulents dont like damp environments and will
likely rot if their container is routinely saturated.
How often you water is contingent on the type of
plant and time of year. During their growing season
5 Quick Fixes
in spring and summer, they are a tad thirstier, but
Debra Lee Baldwin, known as the Queen of Succulents,
come fall and winter, they go practically dormant
shares her best troubleshooting tips.
and need very little water. And keep in mind, PROBLEM: Bleached, beige SOLUTION: Cover plants
nondraining containers, such as Mason jars and or dark spots on leaves. or move indoors until the
stone mugs, require lighter showers. CAUSE: Too much sun. temperature rises.
Once you start experimenting with the endless SOLUTION: Move into
style combinations that succulents have to offer, bright shade. PROBLEM: Stretched
dont be surprised if you start rummaging through stems and leaves.
garage sales or thrift shops in search of interesting PROBLEM: Puy or CAUSE: Not enough light.
vessels. Its nothing more than a sign youve become squishy stems. SOLUTION: Adjust the
smitten with succulents. Welcome to the club. CAUSE: Too much water. location.
SOLUTION: If the roots
Heather Ray is an apartment- are dead, take clippings PROBLEM: Loss of shine;
dwelling freelance writer from healthy tissue and shriveled tips.
who is charmed by the replant in new soil. CAUSE: Not enough water.
effortless beauty of windowsill SOLUTION: Keep soil
succulents. They allow her the PROBLEM: Collapsed, only as dry as a wrung-
freedom to travelno plant mushy leaves. out sponge.
sitter required. CAUSE: Frost.

48 Birds & Blooms birdsandblooms.com

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 glad you asked!
Kenn and Kimberly Kaufman answer your birding
questions, and Melinda Myers tackles gardening.

QA When should I clean

out my birdhouse?
Susan Alden LENA, WISCONSIN
Kenn and Kimberly: Keeping
birdhouses clean is an essential
part of being a proper host
for cavity-nesting birds, so
kudos to you for asking! This
is why its important to use
only nest boxes that allow you
to access the interior of the
box for cleaning. In terms of
timing, its important to clean
out the box after the young
have edged. Many species
of cavity-nesting birds have
more than one brood, and we
recommend you clean out the
box after each brood. Its also
important to monitor the nests
for infestations of ants, wasps,
mice, blowies or any other
unwelcome guests that might
potentially harm the nestlings.

DID YOU
KNOW?
Birds may roost
DOUGALL_PHOTOGRAPHY/ISTOCK

in a clean birdhouse
at night or seek
shelter from the
elements.

Birds & Blooms 51

glad you asked!
On a birding trail
on Amelia Island
in Florida, I came
across this beautiful
buttery. What is it?
Amie Lee Shuford
HUNTERSVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
Kenn and Kimberly:
This gorgeous ier is a Gulf
fritillary. While most true
fritillaries live in the North or
in high mountains, the gulf
fritillary is a member of the
longwing group, found in the
tropics. Named for the Gulf
of Mexico, it ranges from the
southern U.S. all the way to
South America, and it can be
found ying year-round in
southern Florida and Texas.
Its caterpillars feed on the
leaves of passionower vines.
52 Birds & Blooms
I photographed this bird at my birdbath.
No one can identify it. Can you help?
Wayne Bridges DELAVAN, ILLINOIS
Kenn and Kimberly: This is a bird thats easy to ID when its an
adult male in breeding plumage but very challenging otherwise:
a scarlet tanager. In spring and summer, the males are brilliant
red with black wings and tail, recognizable at a glance. But
RIGHT: HOLMES GARDEN PHOTOS/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO
females, young birds, and
males in fall and winter
plumage are just dull
greenish-yellow, with the
wings and tail somewhat
darker. Aside from the
overall plain look of these
drab scarlet tanagers, one
of the best clues is the shape
of the billthick at the base,
with a curved outline.
birdsandblooms.com
Four years ago,
I planted three
chocolate cosmos
that have come back
every year. Several
friends want this
plant. Can I harvest
seeds from it?
Kathleen Singer
WINDSOR, PENNSYLVANIA

Melinda: Chocolate cosmos

typically produces little, if
any, seed, and in the past
was started from pieces of its
eshy tubers (underground
stems). Many growers now use
micropropagation, or tissue
cultures, to create new plants,
making them more available
to gardeners. The cultivar
Chocamocha is a compact
variety that typically performs
better than most of the species.
Instead of trying to harvest
seeds, look for these plants
at a reputable online source
or local garden center.
glad you asked!

How did the red-

bellied woodpecker
get its name? Theres
hardly any red on
its stomach.
Deb Parr BLACKSTOCK, ONTARIO
Kenn and Kimberly: This
odd name has been around Our red rose bush reached 11 feet tall.
Is that unusual for Michigan?

WOODPECKER, ROSE: KATHLEEN OTTO

for 300 years! Mark Catesby,
a British naturalist, visited J. Scott Steward HOWELL, MICHIGAN
North America in the early
1700s. He published a series Melinda: Mild winters and a growing season with adequate
of illustrations of animals and rainfall and warm, sunny days may mean larger than normal
plants from the Southeast, plants. Avoid overfertilizing, and use properly timed pruning
including this woodpecker. if you plan to cut it back to a desirable size. But most
Binoculars hadnt been invented important, enjoy your tall treat!
yet; for Catesby to see the bird
well enough to draw it, he had
to hold it in his hand. When you
look at red-bellied woodpeckers
that closely, most of them do
show a little bit of red on the
belly. Apparently Catesby was
impressed by the touch of
red, and the bird has had this
confusing name ever since.

This bird tried desperately to get into

my car. What is it?
Sharon Heister GRAND JUNCTION, COLORADO
Kenn and Kimberly: When we hear about a bird attacking
car windows or mirrors, its typically a robin or a cardinal.
Your bird is a Townsends solitaire, certainly not something
we expected in this situation! In springtime, male birds often
attack their own reections in shiny surfaces, but thats not a
common behavior in fall. Townsends solitaires are western
specialties, so you witnessed a rare moment.

54 Birds & Blooms birdsandblooms.com

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window to wildlife
Follow the Owls
Be a bird sleuth and discover whos ying through the neighborhood.
We share the telltale signs to watch for. By David Mizejewski
I
f youve never seen an
owl in your backyard, that
doesnt mean one isnt there.
These mysterious birds are
nocturnal predators, so they hunt
in the darkness after youve gone
to bed. Their special feathers allow
them to y in complete silence,
making them even more difcult to
hear than they are to spot. Put on
your detectives cap and become a
sharp-eyed owl observer.
Look for Clues
To spot an owl, stay up late and do
some nocturnal wildlife-watching
from the comfort of your deck or on
your next camping trip. As human
activity dies down for the evening
56 Birds & Blooms
and the smaller animals that owls
prey on become active, you are
more likely to spot one of these
nighttime birds.
Binoculars are a must for owl
observation, and if youre a birder,
you probably have a set handy. If
you dont own a pair yet, there are
plenty of high-quality, beginner
binoculars to get you started.
Thanks to excellent camouage,
owls are still able to y under the
radar once the sun comes up. If you
move quietly and scan patiently,
you may be able to spot an owl
on its daytime roost. Owls often
roost in dense evergreens. Theyll
also perch close to the trunk in
other kinds of trees, where theyre
SILENT
FLIER
Supersoft feathers
help great horned
owls quietly pursue
their prey.
easier to spot once autumn leaves
fall. Some species roost inside tree
cavities, and you may be able to
spot them looking out of the holes
on warm days.
Listen for Hints
Even though its unlikely youll
hear one of these birds of prey
apping its wings because of the
silencing ight feathers, your ears
are still some of your best tools for
discovery. Owls can be quite vocal,
and like other bird groups, different
species have different calls.
MATTCUDA/ISTOCK
Whether its the who-cooks-for-you
of the barred owl, the ghostlike
trilling of a screech-owl or the bold,
classic hooting of a great horned
birdsandblooms.com
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Read and Max in the Stacker, among a library collection of tongue-
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window to wildlife
owl, learning their calls is one of the
best things you can do to nd more
species in your neighborhood. Get
your owl know-how rolling with
the Cornell Lab of Ornithologys
website, allaboutbirds.org, which
includes calls for each species and
is a great educational resource for
all types of identication.
Hunt for Evidence
Beyond sight and sound, there are
plenty of other ways to notice when
an owl might be nearby. Like all
birds, they molt their feathers and
58 Birds & Blooms
grow a new set every year. Be on
the lookout for large feathers on
the ground, and have a eld guide
handy to match your nd with the
correct species.
Owls also produce pellets
little balls of indigestible hair and
bone that they regurgitate. These
remainders are sure signs that
owls are around. Scour the ground
beneath trees for owl pellets, and
if youre really feeling adventurous,
take one apart to learn what the
owls in your neighborhood have
been eating for dinner.
Listen for
an eastern
screech-owls
whinnying or
trilling at night.
become an
owl magnet
Native plants are the best
bet for attracting owls. Trees
provide nesting places and
shelter, and herbaceous
plants offer habitat for prey.
Go a step further and install
boxes for cavity-nesting
species, like screech-owls
and barred owls.
David Mizejewski is a
KURT HASSELMAN
naturalist with the National
Wildlife Federation. He enjoys
watching wildlife at night as
much as during the day.
birdsandblooms.com

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travel
INDIANA

Indianas Best
Martinsville
Explore the central part of the state for rural scenery and
Midwestern charm. By Connie Mason Etter MARTINSVILLE, INDIANA

WHY I LOVE IT
Fall is the perfect season
in this part of Indiana. You
cant beat the sweatshirt
weather and the colorful
leaves that cover the area.
My town, Martinsville, is
a country town made up of
farmland and woods. Its SIP WINE, SEE BLOOMS into Indy, grab a car and
an ideal place to live if you Oliver Winery, halfway head south to explore the
want to be close to the city between Martinsville and Crossroads of America
but reside in the country. Bloomington, maintains (Indianas state motto).
a spectacular garden that
GO BIRD-WATCHING kicks off spring with wild- ESSENTIALS
owers and hundreds of Top: Connie took a
Muscatatuck National EAT Big Woods Pizza Co., photo of a great blue
Wildlife Refuge, a birding bulbs, and nishes with fall Nashville, Indiana heron on a trip to
hot spot, is just over owers. Large-scale Indi- Muscatatuck National
ana limestone sculptures STAY Story Inn, Refuge. Wood ducks
an hours drive away.
are beautifully arranged Nashville, Indiana (above) are seen there
While the bird-watching
within the scenery. The PLAY Camp and hike during nesting season.
is best during migration,
its a fantastic spot for winery is a popular spot at Morgan-Monroe Below: An autumn
nesting wood ducks, for picnics and, of course, State Forest, south of garden display at
DUCK: GRACE ISAAC; POND: SHERRY LACHELLE PHOTOGRAPHY

prothonotary warblers, wine sampling. Martinsville Oliver Winery.

bald eagles and more.
Visitors heard a black rail
in one of the marshes for
a couple of weeks this
year. Henslows sparrows
are spotted here as well.
GETTING HERE
My home in Indianas
midsection sits between
two cities, Indianapolis
and Bloomington. Fly

FISHY FACT
Martinsville was once known as the
Goldsh Capital of the World because
of the number of goldsh hatcheries.

60 Birds & Blooms Extra birdsandblooms.com

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from
your backyard READERS SHARE THEIR BEST IDEAS & PHOTOS

FAVE FIVE

Attract More Birds

Keep your backyard birds full and happy with ideas from Field Editors.

1
Make your own suet
mix! I take a basic
2
I keep water in the
yard as long as I can.
3
Theres nothing like
cold weather to bring
4
I serve more suet
by putting out an
5
Keep perennial
grasses, coneflowers
suet cake, break it Baths actually lure birds to feeders. extra feeder in fall and rudbeckias
up in a bowl, and more birds to my Black oil sunflower and winter. Also, intact until spring.
add chunky peanut yard than the seeds are a staple when the weather Dont cut them back
butter and black oil feeders. Without in my backyard. gets cooler, I take because birds feed
sunflower seeds. the water, I would be Higher in fat and the time to empty, on their seeds
Mix it well and push lucky to see half the pretty inexpensive, clean and refill all throughout autumn.
DAVID BURTON/GETTY

it into the holes of birds I do. My best the seeds give birds my feeders in Darcy Larum
a suet log feeder. and most exciting some of the energy preparation for the JANESVILLE, WISCONSIN
Serve this treat yard birds have they need to stay long winter months.
for the migrants been thanks to my warm in the cold. Rebecca Williamson
in early fall. water features. Bobby J. Hiebert Jr. BUSHNELL, ILLINOIS
Tiffany N. Ertle Ken Orich SALINA, KANSAS
HOMOSASSA, FLORIDA LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA
Join our team! Apply to be a volunteer
Birds & Blooms Field Editor by visiting
birdsandblooms.com/fieldeditors.

63 Birds & Blooms birdsandblooms.com

from your backyard DO YOU HAVE
A CLEVER
CAPTION FOR
THIS PHOTO?
Go to birdsand
blooms.com/
youdontsay. Well
publish some of
our favorites in
the next issue.

you
dont
Swimmers Salute
Alexandra MacKenzie of Seattle, Washington, visited a local park
one Veterans Day and caught a photo of this mallard in a perfect
say! pose for the occasion. How would you caption this moment?

Here are our favorites from

last issues You Dont Say:
I didnt see the rainbow, but this
is certainly the pot of gold.
Jo Ann Jones
I always love a good all-you-can-eat
buffet. Denise Harvell
Full! Now how will I get this up the
tree? Penny Merkel

We want to see your

funny nature photos!
Read our Submission
Guidelines on page 68.

64 Birds & Blooms birdsandblooms.com

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storage cabinets, chests or carts, trailers, trenchers, welders, and pass the savings on to LIMIT 1 - Cannot be used with other discount, coupon or prior
purchase. Coupon good at our stores, HarborFreight.com or by
HANDLE Admiral, Badland, CoverPro, Daytona, Diablo, Earthquake, Franklin,
calling 800-423-2567. Offer good while supplies last. Shipping
SAVE you. Its just that simple!
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transferable. Original coupon must be presented. Valid through 1/6/17.
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from your backyard

name that 1 Chuck Johnson

LEBANON, OHIO 2
bird!
Learn
Whos Who
How many of these mysterious
owls can you identify? Heres
a hint: Two of them are great
horneds. Flip to page 68 to see
how many you got right. Cathy Towers
AURORA, ILLINOIS

3 Missy Harget
STARKS, LOUISIANA 4 5 Brian Anderson
JAMESTOWN, NEW YORK

Debi Whitman
SARASOTA, FLORIDA

6 Janet Smedman Briggs

HURLEY, NEW YORK 7 8 Karen Lindner
DEMING, WASHINGTON

Carol Reynolds
YORK, PENNSYLVANIA

Share your photos with us! Go to birdsandblooms.com/photo-galleries

66 Birds & Blooms to submit your best ones. They might be featured on our website!
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For the Reader

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68 Birds & Blooms birdsandblooms.com

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did you know?
Hone your backyard spidey sense and learn about these garden good guys.

3 The three
most common
garden spiders in
North America
24 Garden
spiders
are part of the orb
weaver family and
create circular webs
are the black and that may reach up to
yellow, silver, and 24 inches in diameter.
The intricate webs are
banded. These designed to capture
garden allies and immobilize prey.
provide natural
pest control.
2
A female black

1,000
An egg sac produced
and yellow garden
spider feasts on
prey up to two
by a female banded times her size.
garden spider may
contain more than
1,000 eggs.

8 Despite having
eight eyes,
these creatures have
4 Put out the
welcome mat for
garden spiders with
relatively poor vision. these four tips:
They are better at Lay mulch to create
picking up vibrations. protection and
Sometimes they leave humidity.
their web, attach Provide places for
themselves to it with web attachment.
a single silk strand, and
pounce when they feel Leave your garden
the vibration of prey intact for winter
caught in the web. spider habitat.
MEISTER PHOTOS/SHUTTERSTOCK

Black and yellow

garden spider Avoid pesticide use.

175 There are more than 175 orb weaver types of spiders
in North Americajust a fraction of the roughly
40,000 spider species in the world.

70 Birds & Blooms birdsandblooms.com

 My friends all hate their
tt ge W

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Bu ig -NE

N rac
on r

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s

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B LL
A

cell phones I love mine!

FREE
Car
Heres why. Charg
er

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We proudly accept the following credit cards:
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IMPORTANT CONSUMER INFORMATION: Jitterbug is owned by GreatCall, Inc. Your invoices will come from GreatCall. Plans and Services require purchase of a Jitterbug phone and a one-time setup
fee of $35. Monthly fees do not include government taxes or assessment surcharges and are subject to change. Coverage is not available everywhere. 5Star or 9-1-1 calls can only be made when cellular
service is available. 1We will refund the full price of the Jitterbug phone and the activation fee (or setup fee) if it is returned within 30 days of purchase in like-new condition. We will also refund your
first monthly service charge if you have less than 30 minutes of usage. If you have more than 30 minutes of usage, a per minute charge of 35 cents will be deducted from your refund for each minute
over 30 minutes. You will be charged a $10 restocking fee. The shipping charges are not refundable. There are no additional fees to call GreatCalls U.S.-based customer service. However, for calls to a
GreatCall Operator in which a service is completed, you will be charged 99 cents per call, and minutes will be deducted from your monthly rate plan balance equal to the length of the call and any call
connected by the Operator. Jitterbug and GreatCall are registered trademarks of GreatCall, Inc. 2016 GreatCall, Inc. 2016 firstSTREET for Boomers and Beyond, Inc.
 You do not
need to know
anything
about a plant
to know that it
is beautiful.
Montagu Don

SUCCULENT
SECRETS
An expert shares
how to grow these
beauties with ease
on p. 44.