HUMAN EVOLUTION

Courtesy http://www.lab-initio.com/
Survey Beliefs in Human
Evolution
Skeletal Comparisons
 Posture

Pongid Hominid
Bent over or quadrapedal; Upright or bipedal
Knucklewalking common
 Leg and Arm

Pongid Hominid
Arms longer than legs, Legs usually longer than
adapted for swinging by arms; adapted for striding
arm usually among trees
 Feet

Pongid Hominid
Low arches; opposable big High arches; big toes in
toes capable of grasping line with others; adapted
for walking
 Teeth

Pongid Hominid
Prominent; large gaps Reduced; reduced or
between canines and absent gaps
nearby teeth
 Skull

Pongid Hominid
Bent forward from spinal Upright on spinal column;
column; very rugged; smooth brow ridges
prominent brow ridges
 Face

Pongid Hominid
Jaws jut out; very heavy; Vertical profile; More
very wide nasal opening; distinct chin; Prominent
sloping nasal spine
 Brain Size

Pongid Hominid
280705 cm3 (current) 4002000 cm3
(fossil to present)
Proposed Hominid Evolution
Comparison of Hominid Brain Size
This genetic distance map made in 2002
is an estimate of 18 world human groups
by a neighbor-joining method based on
23 kinds of genetic information.
Out of Africa
Out of Africa