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Wg@dai yt SAHA sed Gq Raat wa d, Au wai ye MA Radawr af de dau werd ver gezand B. cut ueviiai ou Anda seul MRE wate TV dit Aeell aa B. ut EIA AR ARs Vz SaART Rew ay aed 3. as Be Basal (dt mee Veuri) sei cul WA ead Gael dau ai SAMS Gussed seul cui A ay site Mai AA Aell Gaedad wer Heme aatd wa wade Maver UWA PN Wage ses, 2822, LED (Light Emitting Diode), wade el AMlerssze Vaud tow selej. Gweia UA Rea SasgiPuaan euur wir Far Ailes (Logic) URW wa ou sag. 7.2 YawA, mush WA wdawA (ies aicolui) (Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors (A Bond Picture) ) suadivesat wut aa adlai wei auger Fai ¥ auesell wigad, Great tuged, eyo, AR Ras-qasA O. au Ugadai sd Sagar AL ada Rader ae B.A dull Rgaaadesd wud wel ad eB. aug ded Csulator) Rast areot mares B, Ua woviai Yat SAagia Dat ell au eredell Rqaaiadusar uel add da 8, AWlsssee SauaFua : call, eed oA aust wR esmaddvest Da aerial Si WA Ge Fai avd Ryasadusar uqedell Baga sess sal oth Weg UAT EACH HAE ML NB sat os aula sda yauud a2 wlaado Rgaaetdl wu yoryer uated DUB. Si ad Ge aga: olansdl dru qe MIA gre HR LUA mW Bw add. yaddd arout atuzat aed ada ad 8, wuk otlaaid anour ys xulerdl aurad ded madtsat 2 8. allaes We doe sughaun ABW aud sai wer dell ausscuni Beer WH B. dua 74 Yauds, maids WA atlas aedusn (dase AwUa), (eset amused 412) Si MA Ger yaaa atlas G2d 2 Elemental Semiconductors #2 B. au aiusdsil PN ant, Soe suis, gic aA Gar daaFun weed dun Rai wa d. Elemental Semiconductors Guaid 4s Ne (compounds) vel Wiawws a2 ad 8. ou wae stladad ouvlhs oA aelbs aded Guid UPR solhe wena ada aed. Geas2e a8, CaS Gurr acids), GaAs (ABA aUEeUds), Case BPH Buds) 32 aes aiawd 8. dara, LED, dae als Gl wal om wien atlaudoidl adel du 3, SAL 1990 WA Fadls atlas wel swlbs aA ROR sls weve stand aud 8. WRU Dae SasiPew A RAsyar SaiGuan Rewed Mera Rat d, way MERE AAU Yj, eUMULALT mom sl FAL Si ara aR IGT B. Sie uemugenis 14 B. adh Sass deat is? 2s? Qp® 3p? 3p" AL 1s? 26? ApS K aH L saa (Shetty Syel orale du B. wd 3s? gp? Safin Ada dAagin B. ary, si (HA Ge @ = 32) wa) didare B. al A 5 sad A A pamdwied ga ae sp? dee sad dur » astermuy B A ou sad Udall HUQ oucl x SHA aU HOLA asides a4 (Convalent Bond) Aur RB. eRe awaiddes oi A SAsald Ga O. mur, BRAD es WMA Ratt Ae Ada SasAieidl AAs dase Dart az wel weug awa curled sl aadidys oh AB. ABR TI@H mm RR Buu’ wl aug 7.1 Hei BewRouwd cal 3, wugei(l audl slsael Buus sum ada seis oleae AUR ae B. MAL Sia Ge A suis wRe-cituea wUAa B, @ o yh 74 Gell aise: Fada qe AW Si GA Gop ata Aaa dase auaides oto saan DY 8, WRAUA Si AA Ge) mL AOL states aA ad B. alearH anEUa wREKiA weuged Gold Ad]. (Thermal Oscillations) #2 @. UREA Reais auriders ei cious arte B mA dar mules cited Sass AMA Yad MAB. aUAL YS HAs Rgnawrl cu a 8, asides dui Saale gd WA wal A woud Sasi Gan aaa B. aries wai 6st Asura wel eel “wound Sasa usta af Qu 8. A om AS auaides sired cisue aia Saag cule Ga w, ad AD Sassie a0 wal worl seas mB. a Wiel WU Dea sd BHA WAY & Hagan Haran de aM a B, (ye aug 7.2) ane Us wD 3, Da VAS anes se al aA da wagner #4 16 aa, A at RA aL 2 Dar ound aud xgra aR AT sdeuen anur, Si i SAsziWA aeaddws siteriel wzsat AZ wal Gat 1.1 eV HA Ge Ne 0.72 ev B. Aalirseee GAuRua : cal, aed aA act uRwa kasilaissnd Rgaast + ond RY} aaides otill wea Aszl4 Yo el AB a Ari Da Gee 8. au RBH WR HRenL A Ba GA pad. weURA HAE A AD YE Sasa ma Gall i Ga aes aR HA Rawat Beni 2 8. (ged aug 73) I - ay aa Gola Su A cet Re of Fqadodl mar dom cia SAszit wer =O et aides tei BAA ws de Deru Gg ad oid SAszinel ol ae Ssvell a We Je SY BEI wt dee eM B. 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WReUa awd at SAazla HA da we aL B. aL, RadouasAedl aoarata aati arasciai atuad wwe 8. 73 Yas, RawsA WA wlaA (si-sas 2922) (Conductors, Insulators and Semeonductors- A band pleture)Ged mea B. weMgrll vise saUMi aude Saagla yGua ad vsada dew Arc Qebau aceMi wea 82 Wedd cell veg ued seul Saaziu (Ada aszl-a) adem Ue wa ousted sed dal Add Gala audi Beene we B. adn went Sasgledl Qe sai aeRsrl war eds daagln a2 werner Aold ate MAB. rua Grint aA Aviudl waar Energy Band 42 9. at vehi Energy Band 58 fla wa 8, A 4d ad arog, aU ALA GLA, 3 selena scleenlga Aveda, Moy Ba we, Otelovm we oull Raed ad xy sami oud B. aud augA Energy Level Diagram 4 8. As seal ud WemUAAA Hea QA AA MeeueLAL WAL Gaspard ads er el Arid vue Anca A sen PARaad Gud what B. at woud Beant ddsgiai Aen FA AA lsadai da a maa 4B As mg wy lel steuhs Gersearel ag SR. ou A au, WAX AL A HEUQaAML Bs vig Prue ale. 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Rad a adel ade ada var 42 BL, Aallerssee SAsiRst : sad, eeu we wer wud To»Giviei. % aur ual 24 energy level diagram We Ts we AULA al, Aa we GA EA ye yA Aric A Aviad ama, um, B, Orie’ Fas agai usd, aul, Geka splitting ad. ag As CUS splitting (Aaa wUae) aUgla 7.5 xi call 8. ae ad a 8: wel Wa E, Oolaual (aout Aeiai) A etd wei, Ani sued yel- vice gel Glau A aed i, A aww seis Geiser am NeUged da wr A Bal Aas BL Aaland we Ba, a de} GX WOH are splining WA aM Arie wm da, A viae aa Grint, 6A AA 46a a wad Ho da. 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Aalessee GAslRsa : all, wwe WA wet wRud il” 2N aadTAN WAP user wLarss (oAf¥sha Lassi) [N and P type semiconductors (Extrinsic Semiconductors] qe aelasdal Dox ay Gea dau aussan qevetai Ma ged sl asa d. aulatasni ig GRatdl NBM Aix (Doping) #2 B, Geir ah Aare RAL F cAlPevedi deer, AR Wh wPs FA Lerdere sear AeyMGwry, ALU} SRW Fal BAR MY Gadi AY wae (impurity Atoms) yA WHE MALT AUDA wr staat 8, aR 71 BRA wesAba RuRaueod Baers Md as 8, ani aulhod ye GAL 8. aUgRAd Yu ad AL HRA wu sur ahs wala AB ealeu B. sess Ans Seeid@ee eyed 7 Se a Se a ah poosev ng Saat 2 By aes —— aug 711 sey GABA SHA sug 712 Nawrew atbarsid whe aa esse @-K ANA suds wong wit Ada Saagie AA ae daagin Ue tsa MRL HeMgAl aU aetiins oi susan’ weet 8, WHR vised Sdszit ater Sasglt aA ves wOL aL 8, mH awn Sasginr A auad 0.05 eV Fadl Ga HA, a a Ysa dasa Ae ad B, Ge WB au Gk 0.01 eV dH B. aed Aa A aa ales aeUd # Om-AAIM wm aS nd B, aH, AY WMIAAD YR HPL ARIA Rqaoneatsd (SAagia)d cer 2B, ae auc aayfaat Joe say B, axd wu 10% ye WMT As ued 14 eral ana 8, aul As Hea wei ened 10!7 ey Srenged da B. au es ayfrenpiel Vs 6Aset wu wee B, AL As Ne aeReni ound 10" yo Saga AA B. aio FA Janes MUgAl AML woUEL aud 08 da 8, wu Guaid Gwe AeA saa Beas Ma Hsia get Ul Dad ada 2d. sua dladl avn daeial whar ddsgiadl ava weet vel al da deur, Aedes ay Gea wha F ARH Radaed yoicd nyleriel eraai wae Saale ar a 8. aul sual wRAai yr Rasouraiel (majority charge carrier) all bdszin da 8. 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Si ME BL A By asta 0.05 eV 8, eu, Ge a2 aL atid 0.01 eV 8. sug 713 Nowra wands Ms-ceuse (ies ana) A A Ma a 3 OK Ur ou Re aye we Arkeadl AAs Sas 3, aud aed AALS aye wenrgpi lawl (Rani) gerga odsader du 8, aud, sur wougel waren eRRUAIA VE Kai GRAD mL wURpaKL sword y ax B, oem wei ma 2A aH varia Waa Cai aau, BA AKAN Ook] Yet o@ sour da der Bees AA YA ard gd-g tw Q As y wy Gudar cal 3. al B, aA BA dead yo ald dav A a ewe ew O % aww aul Beat Asie Sasa veld ay weugpiaia Ada Sasa we srsaae Ani asia od. awl, ed srsagit Seoul winks wlatwAai Bea Sasa APRA ah WA, Aa seal ae dower auf Raal wd, olla avdi Nexstett atlanssal n> my. P sisal aitlans s orAGa 3 RAL aA REY BA Aaa my GARaEMi aA A AML mat Ada Saal, staMAL a VIPHEL FARA wemEPdAL ae weMRel al aeties ot ward GRE B, AA Ds Dae sito Saeed drum wd. ¥ obo SAsgrell Auer 2B 8. AM Da ad 9 AX sat HE we wd } val ang Da 48 Hea aa, Weg YM 9A BRAY ada As ceal B. su De Sassi ested ste wd B, a aul al AeyPrord ayWA Vader ail 48d. suai wes Radasa yaa Da aiat at B, a HieqouRd seri FH add, Dau wt Ae sie Ue~ positive AL RHE wea wed sur WRIA PHusiei whieh 58-8. Pause wawsl ABBA WHR «ld da WA WSIRA aR cle Sas dy 8, awe BB aul, n> a, aR 7.144 Aer aye wil BRA wes Ra des dd we sd B. foo as +! B= Lev sa| 2 o o of oh! E joo ev SF ttt WPA TAS PSB MAGE es seas sug 74 Al aye GRA si es lermrarsaty Aalerssee SasgiPua + sed, ewe oA ater RUA as