IAMSAR Manual INTERNATIONAL AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE MANUAL Volume III MOBILE FACILITIES IMO IMO/ICAO, London/Montreal, 1998 ( Foreword ‘The primary purpose of the thee volumes of the Intemational ‘Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual to assist States in meeting theie own search and rescue (SAR) needs, and. the obligations they accepted under the Convention on Intemational Ci Avation, the Intemational Convention on Matiime Search and Rescue, snd the International Convention forthe Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) ‘These volumes proside guidelines or 2 common aviation and mariime approach to organizing and. providing SAR services, States are fencouraged to develop and improve thee SAR sewices, co-operate ‘with neighbouring States, and to consider their SAR services to be part (of a global SAR system Each JAMSAR Manual volume is writen with speci SAR system dies in mind, and can be used asa standalone document, or, in conjunction withthe other two volumes, asa means to aan a full view ofthe SAR systom ' The Organization ane! Management volume (volume I) dscusses the lobal SAR system concept, establishment and improvement of ational and regional SAR s¥stems, and co-operation wth neighbour ing Slates to provide effective and economical SAR services * The Mission Coordination volume (volume i assists personnel who plan and co-ordinate SAR operations and exercises; and 1 The Mobile Facies volume (volume Il} s intended to be catred aboard rescue unit, arr, and vessels to help with performance of 2 search, rescue, or nnscene co-ordinator function, andl with aspects OF SAR that pertain fo their own emergencies, This Manual is published jointly by the International Chil Aviation Organization and the International Martine Organization,Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms. Glossary Section 1: Overview. Section 2: Rendering Assistance Section 3: On Scene Co-ordination Section 4: On-Board Emergencies. Appendices ‘Appendix A: Regulation V/10 ofthe Intemational Convention for the Saety of Lite at Sea, 1974, Appendix B: Search Acton Message. Appendix C: Factors Affecting Observer Efectiveness, Appendix D:_ Standard format fr Search and Rescue Stuation Report (STREP) Appendix E: SAR Brien and Debriefing Form 2 uM 4 at Ba a 4 et Abbreviations and Acronyms A NC Aco. aM AMVER atc ATS ces cir crs, cis cs csc csp oF poe. pe psc eur PIRB. ETA NW ™M f ces, search atea aircraft aiteralt co-ordinator amplitude modulation Automated Mutuatassitance Vessel Rescue ait wate contol ali ae services coast eath station {Gente Internazionale RadoMedico ‘coast ado station callsign ‘creeping ine seatch _ecceping line search, couudinated be prepared to provide inital medical treatment '* Fora fice or extremely heavy weather, oF where i fs impossible for the rescue ship to come alengside, then 2 feboat or lierat may be towed to 2 closer positon ‘= In heavy weather, the use of oil for reducing the effect of the sea shoul! be consideced 1 experience has shown that vegetable os and animal ol, incluing tis ols are most suitable for quelling waves lubricating ois may be used 1 flo should not be used, except asa last resort, 35 its harmful to persons in the water ) lubricating oli less harmful and tests have shown that 200 fires dlscharged slowly through a rubber hose with an outlet just above the sea, while the ship proceeds at slow speed, can effectively ‘quell a sea area of some 5,000 square metres 1 in heavy weather, a ship witha low freeboard may be better suited to effect rescue, ‘A boarding siaton may be rigged by mooring a Heraft alongside ‘tis paticulay useful when lifeboats are used 1 survivors can be quickly unloaded into the boarding station, releasing the boat for another tip. The direction of approach to the dstessed craft (or survivors} wil ‘depend upon circumstances, sone emergencies, such asa ship on fie, may have to be fpproached from windward and > others, such as eras, rom leeward, 1 the two key factors are = whether a leeside protection is necessary during the rescue ‘operation and the comparative rates of et of the distressed craft and the rescuing ship. 1 time permits, assess the relative rates of dit. 1 this precaution may preven sevious mishaps during the rescue ‘operations aaSection 2 - Rendering Assistance 1 in genera, survivors in the water are best approached frm the leeward side, © 1 practicable, arrange for injured personnel requitng the attention of medical officer to be transferred o a ship carrying ane. Ocean incident 1 if there i no ship available with a medical acer onboard, the rescue facility should request the OSC, i assigned, or the SMC to Conse vansmting an urgency mesa equesing sich 3 sip 2 i necessary, a CRS may be contacted for ship porting systems information on the avalbility of ships with a medical oficer. Coastal incident © the SMC should arrange for medical assistance to be sent rom shore 1 the local CRS may act as an intermedia. 1 Assistance to Ditching Aircraft 1 -Acraft usualy sik quickly, within minutes. Vessel wil often be the reseve tacit 1 When an aircraft decides to dich in the vicinity of a ship, the ship shoul transmit homing bearings tothe sirrat transmit signals enabling the aieratt 10 take is own beatings by day, make black smoke: 1 by night ect a searchlight vertically and turn om all eck Highs (are must be taken NOT to diect a searchlight towards the ira which may adversely affect the o's vision). ' A ship which knows that an accra intends to ltch should prepare 1o give the plo the oloing information: wind direction and force, 1 direction, height, and length of primary and secondary swell current state of the sea, current state ofthe weather, 1 The pilot of an arrat wil choose his own etching healing 2ae ‘Section 2 ~ Rendering Assistance © IF this & known bby the ship, it should set course parallel to the sliching heading © Otherwise, the ship should set course parallel t0 the main swell stem and into the wind component as shown in the figure below: Rescue by Aircraft 1 Sighting and Subsequent Procedures {© When the search object has been located, the search facty shoul thea in mind that the resee of suvivors may be even mote dificult and hzardous than the search ‘© licate to survivors that they have bee following methods: 1 flashing a signaling lamp or searchlight; oF fring two, preferably green, signal Maes 2 few seconds apar. 1 The pilot may be able to fy low over the search object with landing Fights on or rocking the wings. sighted by any one ofthe 1 unable to effect an immediate rescues ‘consider dropping communication and survival equipment 1 keep the dstess scene i sight 1 thoroughly survey the seene and accurately pt is locationSection 2 - Rendering Assistance mark it with a dye mathe, smoke float, or Boating radio beacons report the sighting tothe SMC, stating as far as possible: = ime of sighting - time zone to be specified = postion ofthe search abject © description of the distros scene = number of sighted survivors and their apparent condiion| ~ apparent condiion of distressed craft Supplies and survival equipment requited by survivors (ey ‘general Supply of water should take priority over that of food) = all messages, including radio transmissions, received from ~ weather and, i applicable, sea conditions type and location of nearby suttace craft ~ action taken or assistance akeady phen and future actions required ~ remaining fel and onscene endurance of search craft making the report and ~ apparent risks involved inthe cescue, including hazardous material The pilot should endeavour to: establish the location ofswetches of and or water suitable fr use by aircraft pararescuers, or paramedics oF the best route for use by land party 1 cect rescue facility and other craft ta the distress scene 1 take photographs ofthe dstessed craft rom normal search heights and dictions, rom a lw level and fram an ale, aking jn prominent lamar, poseble 10 remain at scene until releved by the SMC oF another rescue facity, forced to return to base, or rescue has been elected, 1 Fixed.Wing Aircraft '© May drop equipment to survivors andl deect resee faites. They can mark the postion, so long as they can 1 remain onscene, by serving asa radio and radar beacon 1 show fights 1 drop ares and 1 prove raio signals for DF and homing by oer rescue facts Section 2 - Rendering Assistance 1 Helicopters © Can be used 10 reseue sunivors by winching or by landing on a Stile platform or vessel as eiscussed earlier inthis Section. 1 Water landings are ao possible by using amphibious helicoptes 1 ue to their versatility, helicopters should be used whenever pos sible, 1 They ate suitable for rescues in heavy seas or in locations where surface aces are unable To operate 1 Scaplanes and Amphibians '¢ Under favourable conditions, these itcraft can be used for rescue ‘operations in inland! seas, large lakes, bays, or coastal areas. © Openses operations should only be contemplate ith ampibians and seaplanes designed for that purpose. Rescue by Land Facilites 1 The duties of a land facty at a distress scene include: 1 giving inal medical treatment 5 collecting and presersing medical and technical data for investigatory purposes 1 making a preliminary examination of the wreckage 1 reporting to the SMC, and 1 evacuating survivors by whatever means are avaiable 1 Airralt crash sites have special requicements for military aircraft, extrome care shoul be taken to avoid hazardous materials or tagering the ejection seat the activating handles are normally coloured red or vellow-anclack) © do not elsturb aitcraft wreckage except to assis in recovery of 1 excent for compelling reasons, bodies or human remains should not be moved without authorization fom the SMC. Care of Survivors 1 Immediate Care of Survivors Altera rescue, survivors may require hospital teatment. 1 They must be deivered toa place of safety as quickly as posible 2as