Fractional calculus

The history of fractional calculus is almost four centuries old. Over the years, fractional
derivatives have been the leading tool for describing dynamical systems. However, more
recent findings have shown that models based only on integer (classical) order derivatives
are not fully satisfactory to describe the complex and more sophisticated nature of several
real life phenomena and therefore, on the basis of mathematical and physical considerations,
differential operators of noninteger order have been introduced, see, for example, [10, 17, 28].
In recent decades, researchers have devoted much attention and interest to the study
of fractional calculus and fractional differential equations which appear in various fields of
applied science and engineering [10, 21, 22, 28], such as control, electrochemistry, electromagnetic,
porous media, viscoelasticity, to mention a few. For instance in [1, 2, 14, 15, 16],
various applications of fractional differential equations in heat conduction, complex dynamics in
biological