1

02.

- (cryptosystems)
(ciphers).

(plaintext)
.

(encryptin) je o
.

(ciphertext) .

(key)
.

.
4

(decrypt)

5


(symmetric key cryptosystem)
.
,

(public key
cryptosystem)
(private key) .




6




. (1883.
Kerckhoff, )

?





7

1. ,
indecipherable
2.


3. retainable

4.
5. ,

6.

.
8


K KD

Pi Pi


Ci

Pi i-
Ci
, , ()
.
C = E(P, K)
P = D(C, KD)
9


KE KD

C = E(KE, P) = EKE (P)
P = D(KD, C) = DKD (C)
If KE = KD oe
If KE KD oae
 ?


Pi Pi
Ci

/
...
.
!?
(, , .)? 11


12


13


Javno Privatno
PK_Bob SK_Bob

14


Javno Privatno
PK_Alisa SK_Alisa

15

()

.
:
O

, ...

., oe ,

16

?




,

(keyspace)

17




()
a oeo
ae aa
: ( )


...

18

()


() (+)
, , , ...

Lunchtime attack

. ,
, ...


( )
...
19

: . :
PIN

(,PIN)

(#2)

(#1)
PIN-
PIN-
PIN-





:


!

!

21

?

.

!

.

?

(
)
,....
22
 T

100
( ) 2100
,
2100/2 = 299
230


19 1012 (o 37.4 o oa)

23
 T

100
2100

260

230 /
3.4
,
!

24
 T

100
2100


280
230

36
37 ,

 1

26