July 9, 2015

PE 3 TH 10:00AM- 12:00PM

I. The History of Badminton

To understand the History of Badminton, first you need to understand various games that were
played long before Badminton. Let me bring you back to centuries ago where it all began.

In the 5th century BC, the people in china then played a game calledti jian zi. A direct
translation from this word 'ti jian zi' is kicking the shuttle. As the name suggest, the objective of
the game is to keep the shuttle from hitting the ground without using hand. Whether this sport
has anything to do with the History of Badminton is up for debate. It was however the first
game that uses a Shuttle.

About five centuries later, a game named Battledore and Shuttlecock was played in china,
Japan, India and Greece. This is a game where you use the Battledore (a paddle) to hit the
Shuttlecock back and forth. By the 16th century, it has become a popular game among
children in England. In Europe this game was known as jeu de volant to them. In the 1860s, a
game named Poona was played in India. This game is much like the Battledore and
Shuttlecock but with an added net. The British army learned this game in India and took the
equipments back to England during the 1870s.

In 1873, the Duke of Beaufort held a lawn party in his country place, Badminton. A game of
Poona was played on that day and became popular among the British society's elite. The new
party sport became known as "the Badminton game". In 1877, the Bath Badminton Club was
formed and developed the first official set of rules.

The International Badminton Federation (IBF) was formed in 1934 with 9 founding members.

- England
- Ireland
- Scotland
- Wales
- Denmark
- Holland
- Canada
- New Zealand
- France

Since then, major international tournaments like the Thomas Cup (Men) and Uber Cup
(Women) were held. Badminton was officially granted Olympic status in the 1992 Barcelona
Games. From 9 founding members, IBF now have over 150 member countries. The future of
Badminton looks bright indeed.

II. Badminton Equipment & Facilities

Different versions of badminton have been played for centuries, but it was the game of "Poona"
in India that was the basis for the game of badminton we play today. In the 1860's a group of
stationed British army officers learned the game and took it back with them from India. The
game grew in popularity until 1895 when the Badminton Association of England was formed,
along with the rules of game play that are used around the world even today. In order to play
this form of badminton, certain equipment and facilities are needed.
Racket
The badminton racket is one of the most important tools a player has in the game. Badminton
rackets are much lighter than most other sports rackets because they are made from materials
such as carbon fiber or lighter metals such as aluminum. Parts of the racket include the head,
throat, shaft and handle with a maximum length of 27.77 inches and a width of 9 inches. It
Strings that are stretched across the opening of the racket in a checkerboard pattern, which
acts as the hitting surface. Badminton rackets can vary widely in cost depending on whether
they are purchased as part of a basic backyard set or as more expensive professional models.
Shuttlecock
The badminton shuttlecock, also referred to as a shuttle or birdie, acts similarly to a ball in
other racket sports. However, the design of the birdie creates more drag as it is propelled
through the air due to its feathered shape. The shuttlecock is made up of a cone shape with a
hard cork at its tip. Shuttlecocks can be made from a variety of materials -- more expensive
models are actually made from feathers, and less expensive models are made from plastic
feathers. The shuttle has 16 feathers attached to the base and the length of the feathers range
between 2.44 and 2.75 inches.
Net
A mesh net divides the badminton court into two sides. A badminton net is placed lower than a
volleyball net at five feet and one inch high on the sides and five feet high in the center. The
length may vary depending on whether doubles or singles are playing, with singles reaching 17
feet and doubles reaching 22 feet. The net is 30 inches wide with a 3-inch white tape doubled
over the top.
Facilities
The badminton court should be 44 feet long by 22 feet wide if playing doubles, and 44 feet
long by 17 feet wide for singles. If the facility is indoors, there needs to be enough height for
the shuttlecock to be able to float across the net without hitting the ceiling. This height will vary
depending on the strength of the players.

III. Badminton Terms

These are the common Badminton Terms used in Badminton.

Alley - side-extension of the court by l feet on both sides that is used for doubles play.

Back Alley - Area between the back boundary line and the long service line for doubles.
Attacking clear : An offensive stroke hit deep into the opponent's court.

Backcourt : Back third of the court, in the area of the back boundary lines.
Backhand : The stroke used to return balls
hit to the left of a right-handed player and to
the right of a left-handed player.
Base position : The location in the centre
of the court to which a singles player tries to
return after each shot; also called "centre
position".
Baseline : The back boundary line at each
end of the court, parallel to the net.
Carry : An illegal stroke in which the shuttle
is not hit, but caught and held on the racket
before being released; also called a "sling"
or "throw".
Centre line : A line perpendicular to the net
that separates the left and right service
courts.
Clear : A shot hit deep into the opponent's
court.
Doubles : A game where a team of two
players play against another team of two.
Doubles sideline : The side boundary of a
doubles court.
Drive : A fast and low shot that makes a
horizontal flight over the net.
Drop shot : A shot hit softly and with
finesse to fall rapidly and close to the net in
the opponent's court.
Fault : A violation of the playing rules.
Feint : Any deceptive movement that
disconcerts an opponent before or during
the serve; also called a "balk".
Flick : A quick wrist-and-forearm rotation
used to surprise an opponent by changing
an apparently soft shot into a faster passing
shot.
Forecourt : The front third of the court,
between the net and the short service line.
Forehand : The stroke used to return a ball
hit to the right of a right-handed player and
to the left of a left-handed player.
Game : The part of a set completed when
one player or side has scored enough
points to win a single contest.
Hairpin net shot : A shot made from below
and very close to the net and causing the
shuttle to rise, just clear the net, then drop
sharply down the other side so that the
flight of the shuttlecock resembles the
shape of a hairpin.
Halfcourt shot : A shot hit low and to
midcourt, used effectively in doubles play
against the up-and-back formation.
High clear : A defensive shot hit deep into
the opponent's court.
Kill : Fast downward shot that cannot be
returned.
Let : A minor violation of the rules allowing
a rally to be replayed.
Long Service Line : In singles, the back
boundary line. In doubles a line 2-1/2 feet
inside the back boundary line. The serve
may not go past this line.
Match : A series of games to determine a
winner.
Midcourt : The middle third of the court,
halfway between the net and the back
boundary line.
Net shot : A shot hit from the forecourt that
just clears the net and drops sharply.
Passing shot : A shot which passes the
opposing player or team.
Push shot : A gentle shot played by
pushing the shuttlecock with a little wrist
motion.
Rally : The exchange of shots that decides
each point.
Serve : The stroke used to put the
shuttlecock into play at the start of each
rally; also called a "service".
Service court : The area into which a
service must be delivered. Different for
singles and doubles.
Set : To choose to extend a game beyond
its normal ending score if the score is tied
with one point to go.
Short service line : The front line of the
service courts 1.98 metres from the net.
Singles : A game where one player plays
against another player.
Singles sideline : The side boundary of a
singles court.
Smash : A hard-hit overhead shot that
forces the shuttle sharply downwards into
the opponent's court.
Wood shot : A legal shot in which the
shuttle hits the frame of the racket.
 IV. Rules of Badminton
Knowing the Rules of Badminton is important if you really want to advance
in Badminton and enjoy this game. In the event that a dispute occurs during a match, you'll be
able to settle it.

Toss

The rules of badminton states that a toss shall be conducted before a game starts. If you win,
you can choose between serving first or to start play at either end of the court. Your opponent
can then exercise the remaining choice.

Scoring system

The rules of badminton states that a badminton match shall consist of the best of 3 games. In
doubles and men's singles, the first side to score 15 points wins the game. In women's singles,
the first side to score 11 points wins the game.

If the score becomes 14-all (10-all in women's singles), the side which first scored 14 (10) shall
exercise the choice to continue the game to 15 (11) points or to 'set' the game to 17 (13)
points.

The side winning a game serves first in the next game. Only the serving side can add a
point to its score.

Recently BWF have been testing a new scoring format of 21 points per game on all major
Badminton competition and decided to replace the old format permanently.

Change of ends

The rules of badminton states that you have to change ends with your opponent after finishing
the first game. If a third game was to be played, you shall change ends when the leading score
reaches 6 in a game of 11 points or 8 in a game of 15 points.

Rules of Badminton - Singles

Serving and receiving courts

You shall serve from, and receive in, the right service court when you or your opponent has
scored an even number of points in that game.

You shall serve from, and receive in, the left service court when you or your opponent has
scored an odd number of points in that game.
You and your opponent will hit the shuttle alternately until a 'fault' is made or the shuttle
ceases to be in play.

Scoring and serving

You score a point and serve again from the alternate service court when your opponent makes
a 'fault' or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of your opponent's
side of court.

No points will be scored when you make a 'fault' or the shuttles ceases to be in play because it
touches the surface of your side of court. The serving right will then be transferred to your
opponent.

Rules of Badminton - Doubles

At the start of the game, and each time a side gains the right to serve, the service shall be
delivered from the right service court. Only your opponent standing diagonally opposite of you
shall return the service.

Should your opponent's partner touched or hit the shuttle, it shall be a 'fault' and your side
scores a point.

Order of play and position on court

After the service is returned, either you or your partner may hit the shuttle from any position on
your side of the net. Then either player from the opposing side may do the same, and so on,
until the shuttle ceases to be in play.

Scoring and serving

If you are serving or receiving first at the start of any game, you shall serve or receive in
the right service court when your side or your opponent's side scored an even number of
points.

You shall serve from or receive in the left service court when your side or your opponent's
side has scored an odd number of points.

The reverse pattern shall apply to your partner.

In any game, the right to serve passes consecutively from the initial server to the initial
receiver, then to that initial's receiver's partner, then to the opponent who is due to serve from
the right service court, then to that player's partner, and so on.

You shall not serve out of turn, receive out of turn, or receive two consecutive services in the
same game, except as provided in service court errors and 'lets'.
Service court errors

A service court error has been made when a player has served out of turn, has served from the
wrong service or standing on the wrong service court while being prepared to receive the
service and it has been delivered.

If a service court error is discovered after the next service had been delivered, the error shall
not be corrected. If a service court error is discovered before the next service is delivered, the
following rules apply.

If both sides committed an error, it shall be a 'let'. If one side committed the error and won the
rally, it shall be a 'let'. If one side committed the error and lost the rally, the error shall not be
corrected.

If there is a 'let' because of a service court error, the rally is replayed with the error corrected. If
a service court error is not to be corrected, play in that game shall proceed without changing
the player's new service courts.

Faults

The rules of badminton consider the following as faults:

- If the shuttle lands outside the boundaries of the court, passes through or under the net, fail
to pass the net, touches the ceiling or side walls, touches the person or dress of a player or
touches any other object or person.

- If the initial point of contact with the shuttle is not on the striker's side of the net. (The striker
may, however, follow the shuttle over the net with the racket in the course of a stroke.)

- If a player touches the net or its supports with racket, person or dress, invades an opponent's
court over the net with racket or person except as permitted.

- If a player invades an opponent's court under the net with racket or person such that an
opponent is obstructed or distracted or obstructs an opponent, that is prevents an opponent
from making a legal stroke where the shuttle is followed over the net.

- If a player deliberately distracts an opponent by any action such as shouting or making

gestures.

- If the shuttle is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a stroke.

- If the shuttle is hit twice in succession by the same player with two strokes.

- If the shuttle is hit by a player and the player's partner successively or touches a player's
racket and continues towards the back of that player's court.
- If a player is guilty of flagrant, repeated or persistent offences under Law of Continuous Play,
Misconduct, Penalties.

- If, on service, the shuttle is caught on the net and remains suspended on top, or, on service,
after passing over the net is caught in the net.

Lets

'Let' is called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no umpire), to halt play.

A 'let' may be given for any unforeseen or accidental occurrence.The rules of badminton
consider the following as 'lets':

- If a shuttle is caught in the net and remains suspended on top or, after passing over the net,
is caught in the net, it shall be a 'let' except on service.

- If, during service, the receiver and server are both faulted at the same time, it shall be a 'let'.

- If the server serves before the receiver is ready, it shall be a 'let'.

- If, during play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base completely separates from the rest of
the shuttle, is shall be a 'let'.

- If a line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make a decision, it shall be a 'let'.

- A 'let' may occur following a service court error. When a 'let' occurs, the play since the last
service shall not count and the player who served shall serve again, except where in situations
where the Law of Service Court Errors is applicable.

Shuttle not in play

A shuttle is not in play when it strikes the net and remains attached there or suspended on top.

A shuttle is not in play when it strikes the net or post and starts to fall towards the surface of
the court on the striker's side of the net.

A shuttle is not in play when it hits the surface of the court or a 'fault' or 'let' has occurred.

Continuous play, misconduct, penalties

Play shall be continuous from the first service until the match is concluded, except as allowed
in intervals not exceeding 90 seconds between the first and second games, and not exceeding
5 minutes between the second and third games.

Officials and appeals

The referee is in overall charge of the tournament. The umpire, where appointed, is in charge
of the match, the court and its immediate surrounds. The umpire shall report to the referee.
The service judge shall call service faults made by the server should they occur. A line judge
shall indicate whether a shuttle landed 'in' or 'out' on the line or lines assigned. An official's
decision is final on all points of fact for which that official is responsible.

An umpire shall:

- Upload and enforce the Rules of Badminton and, especially, call a 'fault' or 'let' should either
occur.

- Give a decision on any appeal regarding a point of dispute, if made before the next service is
delivered.

- Ensure players and spectators are kept informed of the progress of the match.

- Appoint or remove line judges or a service judge in consultation with the referee.

- Where another court official is not appointed, arrange for that official's duties to be carried
out.

- Where an appointed official is unsighted, carry out the official's duties or play a 'let'.

- Record and report to the referee all matters in relation to continuous play, misconduct and
penalties.

- Take to the referee all unsatisfied appeals on questions of law only. (Such appeals must be
made before the next service is delivered, or, if at the end of the game, before the side that
appeals has left the court.)

Badminton 21 Points

The Badminton 21 points scoring system started in the Thomas / Uber Cup 2006. I
personally think that it has added extra spice and excitement to the game.
Anyway, BWF have already decided to adopt this system permanently. So you might as well
just follow the trend...

For those of you who want to try this New Badminton 21 Points Scoring System can follow
these rules taken from BWF Press Release.

For Singles matches, the rules are:

-A match consists of best of 3 games.

-The side that first scored 21 points shall win.
-The side winning a rally shall add 1 point to its score.
-If a score becomes 20-20, the side which scores 2 consecutive points shall win that game.
-If the score becomes 29-29, the side that scores the 30th point shall win that game.
-The side winning a game serves first in the next game.
-When one side reaches 11 points, both players get a 60 second break.
-Both sides get a 2-minute break between first and second games, and another 2-minute break
between second and third game.
-Other rules shall remain the same.

For Doubles matches, the rules are:

-One service only

-Back service line remains and the current rule applies.

The chart below explains the 3x21 rally point scoring system for doubles matches.

In a Doubles match between A&B against C&D. A&B win the toss and decide to serve. A will
serve to C. A shall be the initial server while C shall be the initial receiver.

Course of Action/ Score . . Service from Server & Winner of

Explanation Service Court Receiver the Rally
. Love C D Right service A serves to C. A&B
All B A court. Being the A and C are
score of the the initial
serving side is server and
even. receiver.
A & B win a point. A & B 1-0 C D Left service court. A serves to D C&D
will change service Being the score
courts. A serves again A B of the serving
from Left service court. C side is odd.
& D will stay in the same
service courts.
C & D win a point and 1-1 C D Left service court. D serves to A A&B
also right to serve. Being the score
A B
Nobody will change their of the serving
respective service side is odd.
courts.
A & B win a point and 2-1 C D Right service B serves to C C&D
also right to serve. court. Being the
Nobody will change their A B score of the
respective service serving side is
courts. even.
C & D win a point and 2-2 C D Right service C serves to B C&D
also right to serve. court. Being the
Nobody will change their A B score of the
respective service serving side is
courts. even.
C & D win a point. C & D 3-2 D C Left service court. C serves to A A&B
will change service Being the score
courts. C serves from A B of the serving
Left service court. A & B side is odd.
will stay in the same
service courts.
A & B win a point and 3-3 D C Left service court. A serves to C A&B
also right to serve. Being the score
Nobody will change their A B of the serving
respective service side is odd.
courts.
A & B win a point. A & B 4-3 D C Right service A serves to D C&D
will change service court. Being the
courts. A serves again B A score of the
from Right service court. serving side is
C & D will stay in the even.
same service courts.

V. Officiating Badminton
Badminton is one of the best recreational sports nowadays. It is very economical and can be
played by people of all ages and varying skills and levels. It enjoyable game for beginners but
at the same time, can be an exciting game that requires stamina, speed, cleverness, and
agility. In playing badminton, game officials are needed to be in full control of the match. Good
officiating brings out the best in the playing ability of each player, while poor officiating can
easily ruin the game.

Playing court dimensions

Badminton court, isometric view

The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net. Courts are usually marked for both
singles and doubles play, although badminton rules permit a court to be marked for singles
only.[10] The doubles court is wider than the singles court, but both are of same length. The
exception, which often causes confusion to newer players, is that the doubles court has a
shorter serve-length dimension.
The full width of the court is 6.1 metres (20 ft), and in singles this width is reduced to
5.18 metres (17 ft). The full length of the court is 13.4 metres (44 ft). The service courts are
marked by a centre line dividing the width of the court, by a short service line at a distance of
1.98 metres (6 ft 6 inch) from the net, and by the outer side and back boundaries. In doubles,
the service court is also marked by a long service line, which is 0.76 metres (2 ft 6 inch) from
the back boundary.
The net is 1.55 metres (5 ft 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 metres (5 ft) high in the centre.
The net posts are placed over the doubles sidelines, even when singles is played.
The minimum height for the ceiling above the court is not mentioned in the Laws of Badminton.
Nonetheless, a badminton court will not be suitable if the ceiling is likely to be hit on a high
serve.

GAME RULES AND SCORING

1. The current scoring system in badminton is the 3 21 rally point scoring system. This
means that three games are played to 21 points each, with a required two point difference
between scores (meaning scores can go above 21, to a maximum of 30).
2. No point is earned when a player commits a fault.
3. A good serve must go directly into the receivers box.
4. In single, the court is long and narrow while in doubles its short and wide.
SERVICE RULES:
A. Neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once the server and the
receiver are ready for the service.
B. The server and the receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service courts without
touching the boundary lines of these service courts.
C. Some part of both feet of the server and the receiver shall remain in contact with the surface
of the court in a stationary position from the start of the service until the service is delivered.
D. The servers racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle.
E. The whole shuttle shall be below the servers waist at the instant of being hit by the servers
racket.
F. The waist shall be considered to be an imaginary line round the body, level with the lowest
part of the servers bottom rib.
G. The shaft of the servers racket at the instant of hitting the shuttle shall be pointing in a
downward direction.
H. The movement of the servers racket shall continue forwards from the start of the service
until the service is delivered.
I. The flight of the shuttle shall be upwards from the servers racket to pass over the net so
that, if not intercepted, it shall land in the receivers service court.
J. In attempting to serve, the server shall not miss the shuttle.
K. Once the players are ready for the service, the first forward movement of the servers racket
head shall be the start of the service.
L. The server shall not serve before the receiver is ready. However, the receiver shall be
considered to have been ready if a return of the service is attempted.
M. In doubles, during the delivery of service, the partners may take up any positions within
their respective courts, which do not unsighted the opposing server or receiver.
BADMINTON FAULTS:
1. If in play, the shuttle lands outside the boundary of the court, passes through or under the
net, 1touches the ceiling or side walls, touches the dress of a player.
2. If in play, a player invades an opponents court over the net with the racket or person except
such as an opponent is obstructed or distracted.
3. If in play, the shuttle is caught and hold on the racket during the execution of a stroke.
4. During play, the shuttle is hit twice in succession by the same player with two strokes.
5.When the shuttle is caught on the net and remains suspended on top, or on service, passing
over the net, is caught in the net.
6. During service, the server accidentally touches the service line or any line boundary.
7. The servers racket did not hit initially the base of the shuttle.
8. During the service, the server serves and hitting the shuttle above his waist line.
9. As the server hits the shuttle the rackets head is obviously not lower than the handle.
LETS:
1.The server serves before the receiver is ready.
2. During the service, the server and receiver are both faulted.
3. A line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make decision.
4. During play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base completely separates from the rest of the
shuttle,
5. When the game is interrupted by the outside factor like the sunlight, wind or a shuttlecock
landed in your court from other court.
6. It is interrupted by correction of an error in playing order or ends.

VI. Fundamental Skills

Learn these badminton basic skills and you can start enjoying the game right away.
To start off, first you need to have a correct gripping on your racket. The two common grips
are the forehand grip and the backhand grip.

As the name suggest, the forehand grip is for hitting shuttles on your forehand side of your
body. The backhand grip is used on hitting shuttles on your backhand side of your body.

The second thing that I consider it as an integral part of Badminton Basic Skills is the Serve.
There are four different types of serve, each having their own purpose and characteristics. I
suggest that you master the high serve first as it is very useful in a beginner's game.

The third and final thing that I think it's equally important is to have a correct forehand
overhead throwing motion. A good forehand overhead stroke is formed upon a good
overhead throwing movement.

You can practice this movement using your racket without actually hitting the shuttle.
Alternatively, you can hold a shuttle or a ball in your hand and practice throwing it out.

VII. Intramural Badminton (Singles)

Badminton is a one-on-one game played on a court similar to that of volleyball, with different
dimensions of course. The aim of badminton is to hit the shuttle with your racket so that it
passes over the net and lands inside your opponents half of the court. Whenever you do this,
you have won a rally; win enough rallies, and you win the match.