ShreeSaibabaRD1,HSE27,BalajuHeight,Kathmandu,Nepal

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18. ButterPhulwara
BotanicalName:MadhucabutyraceaRoxb.
Family:Sapotaceae
CommonName:NepaleseButterTree
FloweringPeriod:OctoberNovemberattheageof810years.
PartsUsed:SeedKernel
Habitat/DistributioninNepal:throughoutNepal,Bhutan,SikkimandnorthBengal4001500meters.

ChemicalConstituents
ItcontainshighcontentsofC16:0andC18:1fattyAcids,respectively.Phulwarabuttermaybeapotentialsourceof
palmiticacidforthepharmaceuticalindustry.

Compositionoffattyacids
Phulwaraoilcontains56.6%palmiticacidand3.6%stearicacid,bothofwhicharesaturatedfattyacids.Italsocontains
36.0%oleicacidalongwith3.8%linoleicacid,bothofwhichareunsaturatedfattyacids.Oleicacidisamono
unsaturatedfattyacidandhasonedoublebondatthe9thcarbonofitshydrocarbonchain.Linoleicacidhastwodouble
bondsinthehydrocarbonchainoftheacid.

Tablephysicalandchemicalcharactersoffat
FattyAcid Percentage
FattyAcid (C16:0)56.6
Stearicacid (C18:0)3.6
Oleicacid (C18:1)36.0
Linoleicacid (C18:2)3.8

PlantDescription
Itisamediumsizetreewithastraighttrunkof15to22metersinheightandagirthof1.5to1.8meters.Thebarkis
darkgreyorbrownand1.3cmthick.Leavesare20to35cmlongand918cmwide,crowdedattheendofbranches.
Thefruitisaberry,2to4.5cmlong,brightgreenorblackish,shinningwithathicksoftpericarp.Thefruitisovaland
greenincolorwiththreeseedsthatturnjuicyandgreyafterripening.Theexteriorofthefruitisthick,soft,andrichwith
glucoseandfragrance.Itcontainsblackandsparklingseedsof1.5to2cminlength,whichhavealmondshapedwhite
coloredkernelsinside.Theseedcoatisthintothickandwoodytocrusty.

Uses
BUTTERPhulwaragivesstableemulsionsduetotheuniformtriglyceridecompositionwithahighoxidativestability.It
maybeusedasaningredientinskincareproducts,massagecreams,makeup,Soapandsuncareproducts.