1.

Author: Nancy P. Gallavan, Freddie A. Bowles, and Christopher T. Young

Title: Learning to Write and Writing to Learn: Insights from Candidates
Url:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01626620.2007.10463449
Year Published: January 3, 2012

2. Author: Freddie A. Bowles
Title: TransformationMore Than Meets the Eye: Teacher Candidates
Journeys to Cultural Competence
Url:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01626620.2011.627048
Year Published: April 13, 2012

3. Author: Freddie A. Bowles
Title: RESPECTing Culture with ALL Learners
Url: http://www.socstrpr.org/wp-
content/uploads/2011/12/ms06374_Bowles-9.pdf
Year Published: 2012

Summary (Article 3)

This article starts off by having an emphasis on culture. It says that often
times culture seems complicated and confusing and that is the reason why teachers
tend to avoid the concept of culture. It states that the word culture embodies
concepts, practices, and values relevant to ever-changing contexts. It talks about
how all-young learners are different because of different backgrounds and these
differences are soon realized once they enter schooling. The article provides a four-
part learning experience with an emphasis on respecting culture.
The four-part learning experience is grounded on the word RESPECT. The
article explains what each letter of the word respect means in terms of cultural
competence. R = reality, E = exploration, S = Senses, sensitivities, and sensibilities, P
= people, E = equity, C = care, and T = talk. The article gives the reader a chart to fill
out about what we know about each one, what we want to learn, what we have
learned, and how did we learn that information. Overall the acronym of RESPECT is
the basis of learning how to gradually get more comfortable teaching and applying
to all learners from different cultures.