dT&>T+&\T

(sjT\deT eTTs\ <)

- ds

eJ XdqduT \T l qs & es$Ts& >]

eTT+<Te

H *+&T\ C|s+

s#q eT]jTT |#TsD

ds
1
 esY |C &CH
jTdt. >+s&,
&
|. |yT esY

Copy Rights @ Reserved

2
 eTT+<Te
dT_ |X+ sjT\deT <]#|q <!
H eTTK n_eqT sq eTs&, ds nH \+ |sT, sjT\deT
\T sD\qT >T]+ q |d+ # < sX&T.
+<T =|. |<|\ \T m+eT+~ nejT\ bD\qT
*>=Hj bs eTqdT #*+#T #|+#&T. |>, |rs+ nqT dT&>T +&+
q |\ T s +& T< m jT|&j , < dTU++ nsTTq rsT \T|T +~.
<HjT&T seTT bqT eT\q rsT < bD+. sjT\deT \ >T]+
d+|Ps ne>Vqeq eTs & < b\qT, d+<s\qT dJe+> e+&TqT
C>|&&T. sD+ e\q, uw ds+> e+&+e\q, bs, T~es
@_q #~yT < {ydT+~. d+<s+ <HjT&q seTT \
|sekH\ $dT>T#+~ q HjTy<e dd #|>, jTq>] dreTD
s, deTjTd] , |]D |<] +, < |d+ V]+|Cd q rsT < V {>
#|e#T. \T d<TeTDq s => ]+q yT\es+ ]sjTsT |<|
| >=| esT +~. |<| sT\T s+&T sT |+&+#T=+
dTKeTjTJ$ n\yT |&sT. ysT ] \ C* bsT> bsT.
\ T, sD\T |P & d+d u>+. |&T d+d qTeTsT> + ~.
\ HjTq y] T+u\ |\\ T q $<, q <>\ y |sT >T\T
rdTHsT. u d+K sjT\deT qT+& nyT] <>\T #dTHsT.
qq d+d #T #dTe+ k>+#<q |]DeT+.
eekjT+ eq k+|s y T q esT\ e\ sT+f @yTH k~+#e#q
#q qqs+ $<e+Tq jTTe yTT>Z=&+~. sTe\T, n|\T,
V\ qT+& sjT\deT $eTT #+<\+f, w s\T k~+#Te+

3
f @ esZ+. 1937 H{ l u> &+& ks+X+ <. k \
=s+ HjT\T l u> bqT $d]dTHsT. +< sw+ @s&q s, w
{ $j>+ sjT\deT |<eT b<q e& H{ kHjT\T
n+^]+q &+& n~.
<T]+ sjT\deT | < eq HjT&T e+ e\ y.jTdt.
sXKs s& V<su< q +{ l u> |sT |THsT. uT =$T<+&
b\q |&ydq sjT\deT bC\qT q VjT+ y.jTdt. y\T KsT #d
y{ |sT>T\T rsTT+#&T, y.jTdt n\ eTsD+ deT X|+> e]+~. y.jTdt.
nq+s+ deT bC\ m& ydq >=+>* n& nqT *bjsTT. b\es+
n b+\ es+ +{~. q VjT+ b\es+ \\ sD,
|qsyk 4,000 T KsT #d, |&T b\es+ nH<> esT+~.
sjT\deT bD|<yTq, bs&b&T = s>TsY y.jTdt Vj+ |P]
#XsT. n> >+& ]sjTsT L& y. jTdt |P] #X&T. , y. jTdt nq+se TT
b\\T >+& m>Teq eq \yTq = |qT\T |P] #jTq+<Te\ w
qB\qT |j+#T+& eHeTT. >sT q>], V+B`y, y*>=+&
bC\ |qT\T 80 X+ y.jTdt Vj+ |PssTT $T*q 20 X+ |qT\T
{sTT+|\T eT\|&sTT. b\\ s k+> $ eqTyT+{>
$T*b+& e+&\+f, bC\T, b\es+ \+ ds+ |Ps>TqT
e& #j*.
deT |\ m|{H $T>T\T > nq&+ nHjT+. ysT #dq
> n~ neT+~. k y] qw+ +& deT s\T sTTe#T.
><e] \qT c &, H>sTq k>sY jTT eT[+#&+ <sq,
H>sTq k>sY, |X+ us +< \\qT dsTTC\qT <T]+#&+ <sq

4
l e] k>T |< |yX |&+ <sq, #, # w { $T*+ deT
s \qT dT\u+> n+~ee#T. eTqdT+f esZeTT+T+~ nq
b{+ deT HjT+ #j*. k HjT\ MT< #] $~+q se+ n~.
| bC\ neT\T ]H deT + n~ u>+ yT>H +T+~.
deT #sTe\+{ | bC\ nqTd+<qeTT #d, |dT+ \+>D
neT\T neTq rjT $TwH > |qsT<] +#*. sjT\deT |& |]$TyT q
es| sTqT L& u>s \e~ |j>|{*. n+<T>qT {e\ |<\T
=+eT+~ qT>=q |<, sT\ b\ m>Teq y\T #d +<\T y |<.
y~> eq e+\T, y>T\T, q q q<T\ eT] #&yT\T ]+#*.
u>s\ $j> jT++#{ bd, |<+ sb+~+#*.
{e* = |]De\T sjT\deT X|+> essTT. sc\ |q]uq
e\ ] n~ u>+ s y[+~. T+>u< ]sjTsT b++
L& s y[+~. Be\ deTd+ |<q+> ]+q T+>u< ]sjTsT
m>Te, ~>Te \\ keTs+ Z deT # qw+ \T>T+~. #eY $T{
{sTT+| .d.H T+>u< ]sjTsY {sTT+|\T +&, <
~>Teq |& es| { eyT .d.H {sTT+#&+ e\ s\T, &|
\ 3 \\ ms\ jTT s#T {m<& >T] ne n~ ;&T>
e]b+~. <eTsT\T <Tw]De\qT <w +#T= M{ |]cs
|PqT=HT |uT+| e& #j*.
sT e\qT+&, V\qT+& deT $eTT y\+f eekjT+>qT eT]jTT
b]X$T+>q, n_e~ #+<& deT> |< + sb+~+#T= eTT+<&T >T
yj*. u |]XeT k|+#T <s y~eT+~ sjT\deT |

5
 b~ \_dT+~. eTs& |d+ sjT\deT yT<e\ deyX+ seTT
q |HdeTT ks+X+ <.
eTs& ~ s+&e |#TsD. eqd y~>dT < |sT
H\T>+& +<H yTT< +^w s \T>T |d+ y\Te]+#sT.
s#Hyd+>+ #sTT]q s#sTT> sMT< edTH&T. jTq \+ qT+&
eT] s#q\T C\Tys>\e <+. eTs& H n_q+<q\T, Xu+\T.

qs& es$Ts&,
eJ XdqduT\T

6
 \T
H >TsTT\T\T, | deqT\T nsTTq l qs& es$Ts& nq>sT, n&q
y+H |d eTT+<Te yjTT |=, y+H +<T sjT\deT
|+&+> bC\ >T]+ eT]jTT k>T{ eX >T]+, d+<X $esD
sTT#sT. y] eTT+<Te |d *TssTT. +<T HqT d< y]
E.
+ |deTT jsT#jTT H dV]+q leT {s& seTd
>] sTT+ sTTs $TT\ H <qy<\T.

- ds.

7
 b<eTT
n$u +<|<X eT&T \T>T b+\ sjT\deT b+eTT.
sjT\deT yTT< VsD sheTT n |\Te&~. l w<esjT\ \eTT q+<T
b+ |]b\H k\ueTT =s eT+&\eTT (jT{) > @ss#sT.
eT+&\eTT q+< n\H{ sjT\ eTTK|D eTT $jTq>se TT q+<Tq, b+
sjT*q deT n, sjT\deT> eeV]+#sT. s \eTT b+eTT
CeTT qyT\ @\T& e+~. dTX+ 1800 d+ _{w b\\,
HC+ qyT ~]q |+<eTT |s+ n|{ sjT\deT b+yTq ],
&| , s \T, nq+| seTT eT]jTT s T b+* HC + qyT _{w b\\
< #sT. n|{ qT+& us<X+ k+eTT deTTb]+#+ es, M{
eT<dT |d& d&& &d> _{wt b\\T eeV]d e#sT.
k+q+se TT, eT<dT sheTT, +< sheTT $&bsTTq d+<s e TT, 1953e
d+ ] s sh+ \T|&+~. $T*q &|, s\T, nq+|seTT
eT]jTT sT \qT sjT\deT> eeV]+#&eTT ds|& bsTT+~.
sj T \\eTT sj T \d e T m+ | U >+q< # ] s T \T
#|jTTHsT. ysT, H&T sjT\deT s\T sdT\T> bd, M<T\ es\T
$sTT+#ys #bsT. yTTeTTMT< H&T sjT\deT dTesjTT>eTT.
sjT\\eTT b+ dd XeT\eTT #jT T =s nH #sT e\T $HsT.
+, ysT nH >T, >|s\T {+#sT. H{ sjT\deT b++ e
eTq <sq$TksTT. , H&T sjT\deT m&] b+ \|+#
sTe\, <X+H n e esbeTT qy<jT b+\ {>
|s=qe#TqT. $ #eqT & uj T +sy T q >eT \ e\ mH { ><\ T,
e<\T $TsTT. eTT+<T>H sTe b+eTT, < &T eTTs ><\ e\

8
sjT\deT n_e~ u> yqT&+~.
>eT\T eTTK+> q\s>& ueTT\T q b+\H
me> |ksTT. q\s>& H\\T = b+\, >eT\T
yq #|e#T. >eT\, q\s>& H\\ q d++<+ eTq XdjT
s#qyTMT <=sqq, H\ |+\T # eTT es<]yT +{sTT.
& esue |]dT\T yT+&T> q+<Tq, m|& esTd sTe \,
|\T # |<]+ nH c\T nqTu$d +{sT. + d+eseTT #
u>eTT |\T @ | +& eseTT> \eTT >&T|# e+{sT. { |]dT\
y] >&y T q X <T]j> |s# & + sT>T +T+~. q`q $wj \
><|&T +{sT. |q |s=q sD\ e\ MsT sT# <TsTdT> |e]+#&+
L& sT>Te+T+~. B &T b++ <qe+Tq ukeTT\T y]
du+ =s eTTs\qT |+ bwd e+{sT.
bdT\ H\=q n$, + sT dT\T =+<s> \be&eTT
eT\+> L& & |\T #{ eT #T rdTy |jTde+{sT.
n+<T |rs<&T\T L& sT>T +{sTT.
eT< \+ sjT\deT eTTs ><\qT H|< +> rdT= # de\T
rXsT. n$ # es $jTe++>H |<]+|&sTT. de\ ##T
d+|Tq\T # <>u]+> +{sTT. , J$+ >eT\ u]q
|&q |\ qseT+f @$T{ |+> |dT+~. }] sT V
>$+|&q#, y] T+ duT \T, +<T e\T neequs+ +bsT. B
u~T\ |rs# s>T\TT+~. <&T\T, |rs<&T\T eeTbsTT. me]
|X+ nH~ +&<T . eT | ] eTT|&y T \ +> |dT + ~. b+eTT
|#d bdT\T M] sD+> nDyksT. sTesZ\ ysT bdT\ #T,

9
sT\ #T sT>T, eTT w|& d+b~+q <qeT+ eT+ { KsT
|&sT. de #|qT M] J$\T @ e+ <>u]+> +&e. m|&
bD ujT+ D+ L& eTqX+ +& Je#y T yBksT.
e #b\+f, >eT \T #e T\ |X & n
#|e#T.
nsTT, {e* \+ eTTs\T #eTT deTdbjsTT. ~
$<+> +<{ |uT\ $jTeTH #|y*. =+<sT e|s+> c>]wq
.|.jTdt. (+&jTH bdT ddT) |ds w |*eT L& #|e#T. n+
H{ de+ n_e~ |<+ |jT +#&+ , & u\u*\T eT+ $<e+T\e&eTT,
|\ #H <<+ esT se&eTT yTT<\>T sD\ e\q L& |&T
eTTs\T n+]+bjjTH #|e#T. sjT\deT ydT\ ~
Xu| ] DeTeTT. |d + HqT H qH{ nqTuy \qT C&+ H{ |]d T \qT,
H{ de+ eTT+<T |k$+#&+ ]+~. n+, +<T HqT @ e
>, @ esZ <+ yjT<T. e\+ eT+, #&T ]q d+|TsD\,
b++ H\=q H{ |]dT\qT, de #|qT> y{
yd$qT *jT #| #dq q |jTyT |deTT.
ukeT esZ #+~q yT] sT >+s&. qT b<$T$<
eyT #<Te=, <& due+ *, dT uy\T yTTsT eTw. n
esT&T seTT. qT bjTeTTH qT #T q deeTT eT]jTT q
q +& sT\ | ]q+>, <sq+> |e]+#&+ #d u< \&\T&T.
q #T sT>TTq V+k d+|Tq\T #d |dejTdTH qq
ueeTT H{yjT&&T.

10
 seTT +& >+s& seTT eTqd+ $T+>T&T |&<T. q+{ j<T
+ k<T due+ *q esT&T @$T{ ? M& m>H e] q+{ y>
r]~<\qT +{&T. n |jT$ |*+#e.
nqV+> j<T&q >+s&, J$+ m z&b&, n> k<T
due&T, X+eT] nsTTq seTT, m $jT|<+ J$ >e #sT+{&
\T|, sjT\deT eTTs\ H|<+ k>TT+B <.
|deTT, e\eTT &| eTTs\ eeTT kH, sjT\deT
n q, +{ d+|Tq sT>T e+{sTT. qT, n \
eTTs><\T k] |s=q&yT+<T, &| eeTTH <
yjT&eTT ]+~.
- ds.

11
 dT&>T +&\T
(sjT\deT eTTs\ <)
- ds
yTT<{ u>+
>+s& =| yT] sT. #TT|\ q }s\ <qe+T&q
sT. &T b<$T $< eyT #<Te= H&T. nsTT eT+ CqeTT
* +&y&T. &T <& dueeTT *, w|& |#jTT eT+ sT> |sT
>&+ jTTH&T. , &T MT< q $|yT q + eT]jTT $<e TsTTq
|dH]eTT, e ejT eT#> +&~.
5 eT+~ &|\\ s esT&T +#&T. n& seTT, eTq
<HjT&T. q d+{ ysdT&q+<Tq, q e+X <]+#y&T M&q,
>+s& |\y MT< $|eTsTTq |eT, | yyVeTT *, seTTqT
n|s|+> #dT=Hy&T. n|{ sjT\deT b++ ds q s&T, dT ks\T
e. n~ 1955e d+ b+eTsTT e+T+~. # eT+~ |s sT\T
*q&q>, m&+&>, #TT|\ }s |jD+ #dysT. y] |+\T
L& m&+&H rdT=bsTT |D+ $sTT+#ysT. =+<sT yT] sT\T
>Ts\qT L& |jD k<H\T> y&ysT.
seTT n|&T + 3 d+\T +&<T. sE >+s& yeCeTTH
q us sCX]<$, q eTT<T\=&T seTTqT |\T#T=, m&+&| <>ZsH
q q|DeTT b<TsT jT\T<s&T. \eTT b<TsTq | n
L& |\#ysT. | >+s& 7 qT {+jTTH&T. =~\+ n& q
us *d ydeTT+& qT {+H&T. jsq =~sEH seTT
n& +#&T. >+s& +{ eT dyT |+> |T=, $T>

12
u&T> #&T. qT, >+s& n|&| &T drdyT +> seTTqT |\T#T= |
bsTT n& =~sE\T +&, q |qT\qT #dT= ] | e#y&T.
n> k] L& seTTqT |\T#T= q us *d m& +& y eCeTTH
jT\T<s&T. seTT + eTTqT| #dq |jD$ >TsT e. sE
yeCeTTH yT\Te eq|&T, seTT q neT, Hq\ *d m&+&
|jDeTT #jTT#Tq d+|Tq, seTT eTH|\eTT| C|+ q yTT yTT<{
d+|Tq. n~ \ysTCeTTq 5>+ b+eTT. u> N{> +~. >T\ <]|
m&+& <T|\ |jDd +~. + m&+& s d+>q <ue
#T+&>, \ysTCeTTq y #H-eTT+usTT s\T +&, n +bsTyT+T\qT
|Xe+yT q y\TTsT, $|yT q X+ #jT T# seTT |j D+ #dT q m& +&
y>+> <{bsTT+~. seTT s\T+&, n+<T |Xe+yTq y\T>TqT,
n$TyTq Xs+ #d,
HjTH ! @$T~ ? n+|<~ !! n X+ #d bsTT+~ ? n+<T
y\TTsT @$T{ ? n esTd |X\T yX&T.
>+s& q esT e\ eTT]db,
n~ s \ T+& uT ! n+<T eTqTw\T }] qT+& += }] |j D+
#ksT . n+<T y\TTsT s +T \T\~. b<T sT eTq L& Te+{
s+T \T\THsTT.
n, s\T +& n+f @$T{ q esT *jT#| |jT+ #X&T.
seTT s\T+& >T]+ eT]jTT s+T \T\>T]+ ns+ #dT=qT |jTeTT
#X&T. nsTT seTT Ts {q ns+, b<TsT eT L&
n y*> s+T \T\THjT. seTT k+ }sT =| n|{ $<TY <T.
qT, n s+T \T\ >T]+q Cq+ <T. s 12 d+\ > n&

13
$<TY s<T.
seTT $<TY Bb\ >T]+, s\T+& >T]+ d eTs <
CsTH&T. seTT eTs yT\\ e#d] m& +& |Hq~ <{ b<T sT
|yd +~. seTT eTs +&,
HjTH ! eTq+ |&T m& HeTT ?
n+<T n +&,
eTqeTT b<T] <>Zs> eHeTT.
n #|, q us sCX] y| ],
d+ +< q\ q]s&, n& |dTq b&T& +{e< K
#dHsT. dT eTT<sTT\+<] > (]) ydHsT,
n #|H&T. seTT q +& e\T @$T ns+ <T. seTT eTs,
HjTH K n+f @$T{ n n&>&T.
n+<T +&,
eTw, += eTw #+|, < K n n+{sT.
n #b&T. seTT, @MT ns+ <T. nd\T eTw, += eTw m+<T
#+|& nd ns+ <T. NeTqT #+|H q * q,
seTT b|+ s! n #+|L&<T!! b|+ edT+~ !!! n #|~.
eT] eTw m+<T? m? #+|s, seTT nd\T +# bj&T.
seTT Ts > n+f @$T{ s # \+ es ns+ <T.
seTT s\+ dTyTq eTqd+ * +&T, VQX, q
nqTue eTsTTq yTTyT T<{ C| \ <=+s sD+ nsTTe+&e#T. d+|T q
s q qH{ d+>T\T + # C|eTTHsTT. =~sE\ sTy q
+& >+s& qqT uTC\ | m+#T=, \+, + | +<Te\

14
e<, ne* M~ dT_X{ n+>& |\T#T= bjTy&T. \+, bes+
+f q> q |\T = +\T @sT= +, $<yTq Xu\T #d
e+&$. seTT q +&,
|\ |s$T{ ? n$ @eT nsTdTHsTT ?
m+<T n nsTd HsTT ? n n&>&T. n+<T >+s&,
|\qT u> n n+{sT. n$ m|& lc! lc! n <e
b]d +{sTT n #b&T. n|{ qT+& seTT |\+f | @s&+~.
q |< n eeT us Mss& Tb rdT= <>ZsH q n&$ y[
+\q, +< qT y{&y&T. Mss& m+<T =~sE\T> y y <T . \+
Cq\T, =s\T q]& e#sTT. n|&T n& seTT, =+<sT |\\ *d
&T+TH&T. | + u\>, lc! lc! n nsTdTHsTT (n$
n]# nsT|\T eTq+ @$<+> nqsTT+#T+f $<+> n|d +{sTT.
$wjT+ | J$+ >&|q # eT+~ nqTueeTsTT +T+~).
sE seTT ue Mss& + =+ eT+~ dVT\ *d Tb |T=
\+ e#&T. e s>H, Tb se\{qT +|, >T] #d lc!
lc! n nsTdTq u> >T+|| &T. Tb |< X+ #d |*+~.
#| q \T n e,e, n nsTd | mssTT. >T+|\T, >T+|\T>
q u > ##<T sT njsTT. Mss& dVT\T y+H |]> T [ yT
8 u> #HsTT n nsTd, s+ y&T H\=]q |\qT |T=,
sE M{ e e+ $+<T,
n Mss& <>Zs> e#sT. Mss& =+#+ >s+> sTqe q$, y{{
eTw <s +{ |+|, y{ e+d+ y|&T #jTeT, #|eT #b&T.
n q ejTdT |+> V+kyTq d+|Tq #dq seTT

15
>T+&\T sT bjsTT. lc! lc! n b]dT q nejTeTsTTq |\ qT
*q|&T lw&T m+<T y{ s+#< seTT nseTT <T.
sTy +{e< seTT * nsTTw+>H |\ y|&T #d+~. n|&T yT
nq e\T H{ L& seTT #e\ |<dH HsTT. n|&T yT,
nejTeTsTTq |\qT #+|q b|+ }] b<T. M{ #+|
n #T e#j, n n+~.
sE e+&q e+d+ Mss& , n dVT\ eyT e&+ #sT. $T*q
T+ duT esT < HH <T . seTT dTyT q eTqd + e\ me]q
<s+> eT{& bjTy&T. n+<] eTT+<T # d>TZ|&T +&y&T. >+s&,
=&T |esq #d =+#+ #q |&&T. b++ >e\
\<=y\+f m+ <sds\T neds+. n> =+#+ ]q+> L&
eeV]+#* +T+~. qT, q =&TqT m nsTTH q+{y #j\
d+*+#&T.
|&T >+s& }] |MT< m& bsTTH, seTTqT qbT |\T#T=
bjTy&T. $<+>HH seTT q eeVsX* Hs\qT=Hy&T.
sE >+s&, seTTqT |\T#T= }] jT q \+u&+& y&T.
>+s& n& q \+u&ys+<] &T, <q+ n| eH&T. n+<T>qT
ysT, y] Jy\ msTe+ q neTe\d +T+~. n~ L& qT ssTT+q
<s ee\d +T+~. n& ys+ m|& >+s& es+> |e]+#ysT
<T. 2 sE\ +<, \HjT nH e, += sT me <s X
#|&+ , q e< q msTe+ n n$TH&T. $wjT + \TdTq >+s&
\HjTqT DyT, q|\+> q u yTT+ rseT \BX&T. q +&
yX+ > e{& + #d seTT u+u\T |&&T . > \HjT =~> sT>TuT

16
<sD |<] +#&+ , >+s& q # eq q esT # $dTsT> $~*+,
<TTq \HjT| \+|T+ s+&T #T\ n yTTV+| |&>T<T\T
]|+#&T. n& n+ +& ys HsT, , sT L& <$T n&>{
kVd+#<T. s, \HjT, >+s& kc+>|&, qT |#Xq, n+<T
n|s<+ > q >=s\qT ys+ sE\T >+s& b\ &T>TeT, +|&T
bsbT #jTq y&TH&T. < >+s& X++, n+es @$T sT>qf
eT\+> q =&T #sTT |T= +{ jT\T<s&T.
seTT eeVseT+ # nHjT+>, ndV +> |++~. qT+&
q +& n+ |+ m+<T e+< ns+ <T. yTT<{k]> q +& #dq
| seTT deT]+# bj&T. n|{ qT+& seTT, q +& n+f n$TeTsTTq
ujT+ bT, q +& b\qT eTqdTH $eT]+#&+ L& yTT<\T |{&T.
s, q *jT+&H seTT n+<] eTT+<T n{ d>TZ, ujTeTT *,
me]q <s+> eeV]+#y&T <T. $<+> n+ ejTdTH seTT
qq ue+ H{yjT&&T.
n ujT+`ujT+>H seTT =+#+ |<y& 5 d+\T +&sTT. seTT *
sCX] <$ b<$T $< u> e#T. { seTT q q |<\T, b\T,
\T>T ns \T, meTT\T yTT<\>Tq$ +{e<H HsT +&~. n|{ =|
|uT bsX\ @B <T. u{E\ & }] |<\T # \+ qT+&
sVd eHsT. |&T seTTqT n+<T e s> #]+#sT. u{E\
& |uT + s +q bs |d \T @$ +&$e. n+<T |<u \, meTT\T,
L&\T, rdy\T, u>VseTT\T yTT<\>T y{bT +<eTT, neTsXeTT,
yeTq XeTT, dTeT XeTT yTT<\>T XeTT\T u> H]+#ysT. Be\q
u{E\ & #~$q |\\ \T>T uc |]CqeTT, |<\T, b<$T

17
>D+ yTT<\>T y{ jT+<T eT+ bMD+ +&~.
1957e d+ =| yTT<{k ]> |uT bsX \ bs+uy T + ~. n|&T
seTT, s+&e s> #<Te +&y&T. d\T bs+ueTT q+<T n& <sT
b<jTT\qT jT$T+#sT. y] ys& nH n<|&T |<Hb<jTT&T>
+&y&T. jTq e| n+ ueeTT *, }] |\\+<] d #]+
n+<] $< H]+#eq bT |&T#T+&y&T.
n|{ <[T\qT n+sy]> #d nH#seTT +&~. n #jT&eTT
n|{H XdH\ |s+ HsyTH, mes y{ neT\T |s#be&+ |\T
L& <Ts#s\ qT+& jT |&, y] eTs jT |<]+#ysT.
nsTTH L& |<Hb<jTT&T ys& <[T\ |\\qT d #]+ y]
$<T<T\T H]+# |jT+ #X&T.
eT+> }] |\\+ d #ssT. , =H s => d
#]q |\ =+ eT+~ y] *<+&T\T d\T e+#sT. B sDeTT,
eekjT |qT |\\T eT *<+&T\ dVjT|&+ e+T nsTT, yTeTT
#<T|= @$T u+? |\\T @ | =s>+& bsH ujT+ L& eTs=
sDeTT. B $sT>T&T>, |<Hb<jTT&T u> #~y |\\qT s+&T T>
@ss, y] eT<V uq $seT deTjT+ d\T eq |\\ bsTT,
|\\ *<+&T\ $< jTT beTTKqT *jTCd, y] |\\qT eTs d\T
|+|eT sysT. sE eT<V+ seTT q T eTs eTT>TZ] |\\
*d, sE d\T s |\\ bj&T. yTT< dTus& nH |\y
+{ ysT. , n& |\y&T &T. dTus& +&,
y&T sTjT\ yTT\ sT |T bsTTH&T. y&T +
d\T s&T. MTsT y[b+&, n #b&T.

18
 < seTT,
eTqeTT sT <>Z] y[ dTus& d\T seT #beTT |<.
n, n+<] &T= <>Z] y&T. n&, dTus& yTT\ sT |&T
|+#&T. y+H |\\T dTus& <+,
sjYT ! dTus& ! e e bT d\T sy*. ys& ksT n< |>
eTeTT\qT dyT & |+|+#sT
n #|> dTus&,
HqT + d\T sqT s! +{ e< # |qT\T HsTT. e Hq
& n #dTH&T. nsTTH H #<Tey\ <T, b\+ |qT Hw+
n #b&T. n+<T seTT,
n<{s ! eTqeT+ u> #~$ eT+ |sT #Ty*!! #<Te=+f s
J$+ # dTK|&e#T!!!
n #b&T. n|&T dTus&, + M& { <,
ds MT q\T>TsT jT\T rdT= + y+&. $ # jT>
+{sTT L&.
n sTjT\qT ms> #b&T. n+<T seTT |+#T=,
@$T{ ? yTeTT m{ |dTHeTT ? e \+#+ ky ? e
d\T sb n~ Ks. yTT+ $wjTeT+ ys& ksT #beTT
n nH&T. < $T*q |\\T,
sjYT seTT ! y&+ y&T jT\T kq+f eTq+ m+<T <H*.
n dTus& q jT\T seTT | $T*q eTT>TZsT rdT= y{
|>T\>={ + jT\T<ssT. seTT eeTT jT\T q e< ws>
#b&T.

19
s seTT +<+ \+u& +&\ sCHjT nH $<] +{ y[+~.
jT sCHjT +& +#&T. $<sT\+ sCHjT +&,
MT sCHjT u> #<Te#TH&T. s+&T sE\ qT+ y&T d\T
se&+ <T. ys& ksY MT |\y | e d\T |\T#T= seT
eTeT* |+|+#&T. qT MTsT y+H sCHjTqT e y+ d\T |+|+&,
n #bsT.
n|&T sCHjT +&,
nj seTT ! e sCHjTqT d\T |+| MT +{ jTqTeTT\T
(s\T) d<esT? y{ |& myd~ mesT ? e+<T #<Te\T. HqT MT
HjTq e< #dq n| rses M MT +{ J |b MT HjTq qqT
k&? m+<T=q >=&e, MTsT + y[b+&.
n #b&T. e\ seTT yeTT qusTT+~. H es<T.
$T> |\\T L& @$T e{& bsTTHsT.
s Ms+ |H q <[y& bjsT. n& => d #]q
$<sT\T d\T d]>ZH edTHsT. eTT>TZsT, q\T>TsT |\\T n|&|&T d\T
m>=fysT HsT. y] d\T |~q+ |+|eT y] *<+&T\ #|,
d\T m>=Z{ +{ e< &T+Tq <s T |\\ qT eTbT d\T rdT sT .
|\\T d\T yd] eT<V| d\T bs+u+ nsTT+~. eT<V uq
$seT deTjT+ yjTe\dq meTT\T MsT yjT bjsT. eeT\T>
n{ yjT ys+, d\T bs+ue TsTTq s u+| m meTT\T yjTe\d
+T+~. qT, seTT u+| m meTT\T ydTH&T. seTT +<+ $T*q
eTT>TZsT $<sT\T eeTT eTT d\T | MT<H jT ye\d e+~.
qT, u+| m meTT\T yjTe\dq nedsy T < , nd\T yjTe\dq |H < ,

20
y] ys ssTT+#T=, $T*q n+<]bT LsTHsT. }] |<es
d\T e e+f {#sT <s y] e{&T HsT. |\\+ >\>\>
nsTd HsT. u> n\dbsTTq seTT, < B meTT\T yd~ |P] #X&T.
n|&T seTT eTqdT =+ |X+, eT] =+ +<q $T[yT HsTT.
>+s& >TseTT e+&~. n|&|&T, nqT >TseTT MT< k #d
q b\ <>Zs, #TT|\ eq |\ yy&T. sE >+s& seTTqT
>TseTT| q L& b\ e< rdT&T. seTT >TseTT| k #jT&eTT
# q+<+> e+~. n|&T >+s& mq |<XeTT >Ts *|,
H! sTT& qT+& |+# #\ eTqy, n *| <<|> 100
ms\T e+T+~. $ sTT+ qsT ms\T ys `ys # e+~. n+*|
eTq <<|> 200 ms\ b\eTT +~.
n >s+> #b&T.
seTT 100 ms\T n+f m+, @MT nseTT H, |+# b\eT+
eT< n nseTsTT+~. nsTT seTT @|> |] yqT rdq Cq, |H |#>
&TTq ysT Xq> # n+<+> |+HsTT. b\+| H q s dw H Y
e+~.
b n&& =+eT+~ |#dT+eHsT. >+s& |<XeTT
m&[H, ys+ |#jT&eTT eqT=
@eTu! =&T |{qT+# | b\T H]dTH y? seTT # dTesyT q
y&T, m+& me d| |e<T
n n+T+f, seTT, ysT s+ #\, m | #ks? n
Xsbj&T.

21
 s >+s& seTTqT |\T#T= sdwH y[, >Ts #T {,
dwHY, dwH edsY seTT bj&T. >+s& #&>H dwH ewsY
\&
s+& >+s& >sT! s+&! uT MT nuj? s+& Ls+&!
n #|+#&T. nqT $T&T, n& dwH edsY> <>eTT
#deH&T.
dwHY edsY, >+s& =~d| |#b{ e{&, s M]<] |H
eq q ssY |\T#Ty&T. y]\T q<H # Xu+>, b+~> e+~.
eT sTT\T # |<<H #eT+~ |#dysTH, +{H |Xe\qT +#<e\
|&ydq =&T, sTT+{ +& >\T m>TsT, # n|]X+> +T+~.
n nqT=H&T seTT.
+H dw H eds us |* qT+& V\T e >+s& qeTkseTT
#d, @< $TeTT e{&d e +~. yT+ d+qeTT *qT< T . <+|T *<s
ejTdT eqys. s dwH edsY,
H us sE y& y&, &\T k+usT #d+~. MTsT {|H #d y+&
s&>sT
n #|, dwH | +&<e\ nqT dwH y[bj&T. y[+{
&| b*wt +&\ #dq &+> fT\ e+~, < H\T>T y| H\T>T \T
ydeHsTT. yT, M]<] &+> f_ e< LseT, s+&T | H\T>T,
H\T>T &\T |{, k+usT H bd fT MT< |{ sTT+ {|H qeT
#| +~. yT, $TeTTH e{&T +~. n& & \T>T |<\T L& |\T
+~.

22
 >+s& H =&T H\T>T &\T q&T n #|, seTT |T s+&T
&\T q |T ydT=, s+&T | >]f k+usT bd, dqT qeT
H= dqT rdT=, seTT dqT sTT#&T, seTT n+ eTTqT||&
&\T #djTT+&<T. dqT L& H n\yT <T. >+s& q esT
m H H]dTH&T. s, yT,
s&>s! e = ysTXq>jT\T ks?
n $TeTTH >+s& nseTjTT n&+~.
M] < d+w+q >+s&,
H|& eeTqTw\ nseTf ysTXq>jT\T |+ |+|kqT
n #| n& qT+& jT\T<s&T.
eT b\eTT e n& |#deq dTq,
dTH, nseTf XqjT\T | dwH eds +{ sTTs!
n #|, q >Ts s{ |H q <] |, < n~*+#&T.
n|& m<TsT> >&T s\T y>+> ed e+~. s\T <>Zs> s>H, < &es
>{> VsH ysTT+#&T. >TseTT k]> | >+, #\ n&eTT |]>
k+~. >+s& >Ts| k u> e#T qT, ##+> < n<T| #d,
seTT y&T (s\T &es) y\H >Ts u~]+#< VsH ={H&T n
&esTqT +~+#&T.
seTT q qH{ qT+& >Ts\MT< yE |+#TH&T. q +&
k #d >TseTT # q~. seTT eT+ yT\TC >TseTT| k #j\
e+&~. # ksT q +&, q =s eT+ yT\TC >Ts =qeT
n&>y&T. >+s& m|& #H #jT<T.

23
 q yTTq{ es yeTjT k$T nH keTT\T, eT+ yT\TC >Ts\ MT<
+<|<X # b+\ |s{+#ysT. sE yeTjT n<TyTq
>TseTT MT< =| e#&T. yeTjT eTT|, eTT| nsTT<T d+ y&T |dT ||#
ek\ Hq |dT| |+# \b>#T{, eTT+<T =+<sT nqT#sT\T |T
=&T +f, e }] eT< eq deTT ~>&T. deTT jT eq |<
y|#T & >Ts { ydHsT. >TseTT <<| nsTT<Tqs n&T>T\|H mT
e+~. #d< # n+<+>, >+;s+> e+~. >TseTT msT|, \T| s+>T\
b#dt, eTTK+| \ HeT+, H\T>T \T, y\ | u>eTT es \>,
\T| msT| \>*|q n<T+> e+B >TseTT.
}] |\ |<\T L& >TseTT #T >T$TL&, < n+<
k~deHsT. seT < e<* s bTH&T, <jTeTT qT+& >TseTT
<>Zs, <+> #d LsTH&T. < m>H k+eTT #dTy\H #q
e+~. |\ +{e< qT+& eTw e seTTqT sTT+{ |\T#T=
bj&T. seTT q +& |{sTTdH, qT #dq >Ts b&, <
m>q qdeTT =qeT n&>&T. < >+s&,
@s seT! >TseTT n+u> q+<? n y+H q esT
|\T#T= deTT e< jT\T <s&T.
>+s& n& b>H, n+ >+s& #T #],
nu! MTsT +{ >Ts m k #j*, n+ , |&T MTsT k
#d >TseTT @$T u><T n nHsT.
< >+s& eTq | s>* , + |< >TseTT eTq+<T? B
k\H wyT, + B |+> eTw |{*. $ #d<>
eTqeTT B k, B MT< k #j\+f eTq <s<T. n nH&T.

24
 s >+s& L& >Ts yT#T=, # eT+ yT\TC >TseTT, #
n+<+> +~, n #|, yeTjT k$T <>Zs e, kMT! MTsT >Ts
m&, m+ =HsT? n n&>&T. n+<T yeTjT,
nj! HqT B sT H\\ +< u+>TSsT |~y\ sbjT\T
sTT=HqT. n #b&T.
sE |~y\T n+f # me yTTyT. |~y\ sbjT\ <<| |~
mseTT\ eT+ q\ s>& u$T edT+~. yeTjT }sT e~* yes >TseTT y+f
H&T seTT. |<sTTq s | +{ >Ts k+eTT #dTy\qTH&T.
}] b<$T $< |PssTTq s seTTqT &sT Vd\T q+<T se
s> #]+#sT. =| qT+& &sT 8 .MT., <s+ +T+~. sq,
bq yTTeTT 16 .MT., +T+~. =| qT+& Vd\T y $<sT\+
* q&H d\T by*. seT sp 16 .MT., q&by\+f w+ n|+#~.
seTT #<Te #TsT> +&y&T. \ =+#+ L& bZHy&T <T.
q|{ qT+ # _&jTdT&T, ujTdT&T nsTTq+<Tq n+<] *dy& <T.
&|\\ e{&\+f # ujT|&y&T (q n, #\T|).
nsTT q dV+> q q &T eT>|\\ # #qTe> +&y&T.
n|&| &T y] yT& |T L& |fy &T. q q >j\, H=| uj
T |&y &T
<T. q ujT+ n+ eTqTw\ m<TsT|& eT{&\+fH, + s k+|T
se\ bZH\+f # d>TZ |&y&T. seTT qH&T @s&q qq
ue+ qT+& jT |& bjTy&T. seTT |~ d+eseTT\ ejTdT e+&>,
q s> nesTT | n$T+> n]T&H&T. yT # n+<yTq~
eT]jTT eT+ d+kseTT \~. , seTT m|& nesTT e{&T
L& |jT+#<T. n+ <seTT seTT <T. $wjTeTT qT |]

25
|<y&jT+ es q eTqdT <#TH& , sT\e] #|<T.
~ e+&>, >+s& w|& |#jT&+ <s eT+ |+\T |+&+,
q |s| + |+#T=, b++ n |< <qe+T&> n_e~ #+<&T.
eTT d{> bjT eTqd +, eeVs\ |T$&T|\T b{+# +& ]q +>
+&+ e\q, q }]H | >e\ L& # eT+~ XTe\T>
jsT #dT=H&T. esT >+s&, | }] q <] y] esZ\ HjT\
me yTT+ &T n|> #&T. +<T \yTq es+Z HjT&q y+wj
T ,
q y] esZ+ nsTTq VjT >+s& n| e&+ sT+#<T. $wjTyT
y+wjT, >+s& q nd+| *jT]#&T. >+s& jT<|+>H,
H nTe+{ |{+|MT e. rs >*> X eq y] me]H n|
kqT. n| sT=H X H +~ n, eeT\T>H y+wjT
*b&T.
H n+ \yTq HjT&T #|q s L& >+s& q e $q<eT
y+wjT eT+& |&&T. d+|Tq n nV+ <+~. ds! >+s&
H n| m sT+{& #keT Vs+>+>H #|&+ yTT<\T|{&T.
$wjT+ *dq >+s& #q |&&T.
HqT eTTs HjT <T. n> |&T HqT y+wjT &T
sb n+<] #T\q neqT. s, u qysT s m<TsT
sT>TsT,
n +, q us sCX]<$ d+|~+, y+H y+wjT y]
esZ| HjT&q VjTqT |*|+,
HqT n| e&+ <s y+wjT XT+ e#T +~.
nsTTH HqT ujT|&+ <T. MT }] es e H dVjT+ #d, e H

26
ee\dq u yTT+ e& e| #kqT n #b&T.
< VjT, ~jT ds q deTjTeT, mH qT+# q+f \e+T&q
y+wjTqT >+s& dVjT+ m>H nDyj\ +,
nH ! >+s& ! d+ H bDyTH kqT. Hq, eP *d y+
wjT eTq <T,
n q |P] dVs+ *b&T.
y+H >+s& qee\dq u yTT+ y+H #*+#eT, nT #jT
jT&\, qT yd q b$Td HT sT <K\T#kq, eTw <s s+
yd |+|H&T. < y+wjT,
HqT >+s& |k L& #\T eqT. n #Hq | #dT=eTqT.
n, H{ e> s+ q eTw #| |+|+#&T. >+s& yT
eTT+<T>H }V+q+<Te\, y+H s se |PqTH&T. >+s&
y+H | y[ q e\T,
q ee\dq u, e&, yTT<\T y+H #*+#eT, nT #jT m&\
sT <K\T #kq y+wjT > H{dT |+b&T.
< y+ wjT @e+ ysTe,
n\>H |+&> neT+< ?
n H{dTqT @e+ |{+#T<T. s >+s& sT q u, e&,
yTT<\T rseT y+ yX&T. y+wjT @e+ ~>T\T #+< sT
nd VsT <T. B sT y+wjT | u yTT+ e&, yTT<\T KsT\
*| & +~.
y+wjT m|{|&T n $wj\T \TdT+ eH&T. &
nsTTH$T? }] mesT q m<TsT \&>\sT? n Be> H&T.

27
>+s& q }] b*yTs <>Zs> eq y+wjT #+~q 10 ms\ s>&
u $T q se\dq u yTT | |{&T . sT ysT y\+b sV+#sT.
>+s&, VjT eT< ~]q |+<+ $wjT+ *jT y+wjT y\+
b q u$T =H+<T mes eTT+<T ss # qeT+> H&T. ,
n+<T _q+>, y\+ b VjT 10 ms\ u$T >+s& _H$T>
y\+ =H&T. u$T y+H VjT sT ysT kBq |]#sT. $wjT+
*dq y+wjT Xs+ bT $|yTq |+ }bj&T. m|&
q m<Ts=& \e VjT, |&T $<+> m<TsT s>{ #d, nd\T
@$T ]+< \TdT= sTsT&H&T.
d+ es\T u> |&sTT. u $T u> |<T H+ ~. >+s&, VjT sTesT
*d 10 ms\ b\+ ysTXq> $HsT. y+wjT n|{y }sH
H&T. ysT Xq> u> yTT\ H\ |s T nsTT+~. n|&T y+wj T eqT+&
|~ ms\ ysTXq>qT sEH #&>={ Cq $&T. >+s& L&
|]DeT+ }V+ eH&T. qT, n|{ }] eH&T. Cq |s T u> yTT*+~.
n<TqT es\T |&+ Cq |sT + u> |] yqT rd+~. eT]=
sEH |< |< Cq +\T jsjsTT. >+s& Cq +\T u> >{|&
+\T njTes y +&, y+H VjTqT |*|+ y>+> be\T ~b&T.
q e\ yT\T b+~q $TT\+<], n> q u eq y] deyX| s
y] dVs+ n]+, ys+<] L&>{&T. q }] q XTeTT
ys+<] |*|+#T= de#q #X&T. y] eTTKTq y+s&, jT|,
ss&, <d], n+q, n+s&, s+|+&T, dT>* eTTU HjT, |<&T, q&b&T,
qsjT, MsjT, @djT yTT ys+<] deyX|s, ys+<] qT n $<\
dVjT+ #kq y>q+ #d, y] dV, dVs ], y] y>q+

28
rdTH&T.
#TT|\ eq ++, u+<\+, #T|*, zT\|*, q|* yTT
}s eq $TT\+<] neds+ nsTTq|&T y] dVjT+ y\ ], n+<T
y] deT rdTH&T. seTT q +{ sT>T#Tq d+|Tq\ >] #
+<q> H&T. seTT | $T*q T+ duT\+ V+> eT e+T
dVs n+~dTHsT. seTT e+ +& n+fH &TdT+TH&T. eTTK+>
eT< >+s& # >+;s+> |dTH&T, e L& # ]q+> $|d
+~.
sE, seTT d\T & edsY |\\+<] Ce*H $d] ysTT+
<s qy<T #dT+TH&T. seTT e+T s>H & edsY,
@s! seT! MT Hq |< Vs nsTTbsTTH&!! |< bjT |T H&T.!!!
eT] qTe Ce*H m+ <s+ $dTsTy #k+!!! n, seTT Ce*H sTT#&T,
seTT Ce* |T=H< s<T. m> < $ds&T. n eT&TksT
$ds&T. k] L& < d <s+ L& $ds bj&T. & edsY
_>Zs> q$,
> ms seTT? MT Hq $wjT+ *d u<|&&T < ! n
nH&T.
e |\\+ >=\Tq qysT. seTT q yTTV+ m& <#Ty
*jT<T .
}] eT]jTT q T++ sT>T#Tq |]De\qT seTT +>H
>eTdTH&T. eT< # eT+~ +{ se&+, s b<TbjTes
#]+#Te&+, sT>T +~. n|&T ysT jTT<\qT d]+#&+ >T]+ eT]jTT
eTqTw\qT L&>&+ >] e{&T=HysT. k<sD+> mes eT

29
+{ |y+#& kVd+#ysT <T. nTe+{~ |&T =+<sT
L& +{ e, n+<] L& *d e{&ysT. M] =+<sT >+s&
ks =s \s &T\T n& |+#T=HysT. }] ys+, >+s&
T++ ]> |]De\ d> >eTd eHsT. M] >+s& XT+
e+&ysT n &T s>\ sTHysT, eT<dT\T e+, >+s& m>H
| }] y+wj T T~ #b\ sT=HysT. >+s& e+ |]De\
e\ >+;s+> |d eH& , m+{ ujT+ +& s+> +TH&T.
, eeVs\ =+#+ ]q+>, <TsTdT> jsj&T.
sE s >+s& n+<] e{&T e+&> q eTTK nqT#sT&q
s$Ts& @< | |&+~. n|&T n& # eT+~ >+s& eTqTw\T eH, q
|H H\#|\T #dTq seTT,
e y+H bsTT s$Ts& nqqT |\T#T= s! n #b&T. seTT N{
n+f ujT+ qq, sT\ be yTTVe|&, q +& #|q
e y+H $q+& \|{sTTd H&T. >+s& q =&T MT< n$TyTq
|eT eqqq, y&T m+<TL =s +& bTH& \, q b
>V+#T seTT #+| # eT|+,
|* &T|q yT |\, H &T|q e m |{es ? n n]#&T.
y+H |qTq ys+ >+s& X+|],
seTT q |\y&T, yTy&T, y MT< |+#Te&+ ue+
<T. n #bsT.
>+s&, qT #dq | =+#+ u<|&, m>q q esT q+{
y> r]~<\ ssTT+#T=H&T. n|&T seTT eTqd m>T+<+f, >{>
@&d eTs =&&yq m\T |&T, T&T#T+, DyT

30
n& qT+& m+<T n+sq+ <! n u<|&&T.
seTT \T, sD\T X+ deT ejT+ nsTTby\
++#&T. seTT eTTs ><\T eq +{ |\+f s |{+~. y{|
reyTq $eTTK *+~. n|{ qT+& q }sT =| e+&T m|&
w|&<T.
sE s +&T |q$T. s ne>H >+s& eZjTT\T <<| 200
eT+~ n +{e< >T$TL&sT. eTT+<T> j sT #sTT+q 200 =&e n+<]
|+HsT. 20 m&+&T |<, |< C\\ d<+ #XsT. <<| 150 f\T +
50 y=&e, e 2 &T us Tb\T, y{ eT+<T >T+&T d<+
#XsT. >+s& eeT\T> qT |TH # H +&, 380 *sY |d
+&T> T{ &T #d u& <|H&T. n us sCX ]<$ m+ ese +,
kes+ *q<H, |&T ]H]q+> <&+ q usqT n
$wj\qT deT]d neds+ nsTTq|&T d#q\T d q <s s]++~.
Ms+ jTT<\T, dsT , ds+ CeT n+ rdT= +{ yq y| \+
|y +#sT. + s +&T |< &u\T ~+, y+H y{| d\T =\+HsT.
>+s& &u q #|&T y\T |{, jT rd, |qTq B|+ y\T
|{&T. y+H y\T n+ >TZq eT+&+~. q&b&T eT+ dsT |+|H&T. +
MTs+ jT+&, n >+s& d+ e>H, > ys+ eTT+<T e
e\dq+ ks >TTHsT. |\ s$Ts& sTT+{ d, e+&q, s+&T bf
e+d+ n+ n+&\ ~+, eT+ $+<T @sT #dHsT. +
n+q, <d], ss& eT eTqTw\T me> >T#THsy n,
+ >~ #*+#+&. | nsTTH m+H >+&, n+ |&
n+ & |&be<T.

31
 n n+<] V#]+, =+<s> uH\T jTeT #|, n+<]
VQcsT> +&eT #|HsT. yTT+ >T+| n+ s 8 >+\ 20 m&+&
>+|\, =&e, f\ eT+<T>T+&T ke jT\T<] <+&T y TqT
ysT. ssT eq b\+ n& e\+ 3 .MT., eyT. Ms+ n&
e\+ 45 .\ #sTHsT. y+H n+ T> $&bsTT u> |+&q Cq
+\qT yH\ y\TTs =&e d, yT& T=q C ydT+THsT.
s+&T >+\T >&#sTT.
mTe+{ ny+s+ m<TsT<T. | L& # es nsTTbsTT+~.
\y sTCeTTq 2 >+ yTT+ b\+ |+ n+ m& +& C\ #]bsTT+~.
n|&T qT+& k]> >T+|>T+|+ >+s& +<u<! >+s& C!! n
n]#sT.
d]>Z n|& V& dT q\T>TsT bdt dT, 303 s|
|T= b\+ e VA+]d, >+s& mesT? @$T{ <sq+ ? >+s&
mes y+H e eTT+<T sy*, n n]#sT. n+<T y+H >+s& eTT+<T
e HH >+s&. MT @$T y*? MTsT m+<T=#sT? n >{>H n&>&T.
n|&T bdT ysT, @eTj >+s&! @$T{ <sq+? H|sY >sT qT
nsdt #d rdTseT |+|+#sT. n _++>H e{&HsT. n+<T >+s&,
MT <>Zs nsdt ys+{ +<? nsTTH HH$T | #jT<! e u$T
|+&q |+qT dTbTHeTT.
n deT]+#TH&T. n+<T dT,
n<$T{ e *jT<T, MTsT q u$T <sq+> ~>s y+wjT
sE s dwH |s<T #X&T,
n #bsT. n+<T VjT,

32
 HqT sT u$T kBq |s#T=HqT. y{ d++~+q \T
$>. nsTTH yTyT yTT< y+wjT qT+ |e<+ +< bdT
d|]+f+&+{ >] <>Zs |s<T #djTTHeTT
n nq>H, dT u> Z,
n~ yT MTsT |dT+ esDjTT<\T *ZeHsT, eT]jTT HTks
L& MT e< eqT+~, m+<T eq >=&e, eTeT\qT >eT+#T= b+&
nnq>H, >+s& |q eq VjT,
MTsT <T>TsT eHsT. MT+<] *| ysTT sbjT\T keTT, e
| n&+ s+&.
n #|>H
ds, MT jseTTT (Tb\T yTTq$) <|+&. ks L& |
rdT+&. MT +&qT y+H \T+&. >+s& >sT, MTs, VjT *d
dwH e e H|sY e{&T=+&,
n nHsT. < >+s& ds n eT myT HsjTDs& |\T#T=
dwH bsTT, H|sY d+CsTTw yd , y+H +{ ]e#&T.
>+s& eT >T+| *d <+&T> jT\T<s>H, }] ys+ @$T
sT>TT+< n \ysT T> m<TsT#d eHsT. seTT e+ \y] @$T
$qe\d edT+< n ~>T\T>, +<q> d, qT @ \T, sD\T
eTs ||+#+ ejT+ nsTTby\ \bX&T. m& X+, |eT, sD
e+{j, n& |+ y\ sT+, < CsTH&T. yeCeTTq
5 >+ <+&T> bsTTq >T+| n+ yq eTs* }sT #sT>H 200 eT+~
k]> >+s& +<u<! >+s& C!! n C =&T, +& eq Cq
+\T n+ \+ *HsT. B }] ys #TT|\ >e\

33
ysT L& >+s& deTjTd], <s =j&+& e+& bjsT.
#T s+ L& +<+& \yTq XTeqT >\e&+ b++
e\T <T. B | }] eTTsHjTq VjT eT]jTT y+wj T
L& >+s& n+f ujT+, >se+ @s&sTT.
sE <jT+ |~ >+\ y+wjT <>Zs qT+,
qT >+s& dV+ sT#THq, nqT seT+f +{ e n $wj \T
e{&>\q eseq+ |+b&T. |]De >+s& eT]jTT VjT
L& $T*q ys+ V+#sT.
sE s >+s& +{ |< $+<T @sT #jT&+~. Ms
b++ |< sjT HjT\T L& $+<T VsT njsT. seT+
mTe+{ #s\T, y<|y<\T e. n+ eTs<|Ps+> ]+~. mes
>*qT> >, +es z&qT> >, mes u$+#<T.
nsTT, eeVs+ n+ seTT @ e+ q#<T. Be\ ]q eT+
@$T{ seTT ns+ <T. e\+ y]`y] nV+, <s+ |<]+#& |
+ < | s< ssTT+#TH&T. |]De\ seTT V<jT+H
&T| L& *jTu{qT u<|&H&T. d+|Tq\ s seTT +
_&jTdT&T, ujTdT&T nsTTbsTTH&T. nsTT >eT+ sT\T, + d
{#s dV n+<s, seTTqT >s$+#&+ |]b{ nsTTbsTT+~. >+s& e+,
||+ # n+ sTTdTH qT, , H esT H n+{ y #jT b THqT,
n e< #+<y&T.
m>H seTT esT rdT= sy\, |&T=q s seTT useTT,
sejTDeTT\ = eTTK|T{\T, <\T>, T\T>, <s\T> #|y&T.
seTT <\qT # w+> $Hy&T. = sE s H n& eT]

34
#|+#T=Hy&T. seTTqT, eTTK+> us+ sT b m+>H T+~.
sT&T n+<]+f MsT&, \e+T&, nsTTH, <s |qu{, <TssTZ&q
<Ts<Tq dVT>, q$Tq+T> ds|&be&+, n< dV<s+ nqTe&+
d]> <|++~. \e+T&q y&T <s s+#* >, n<s+ y| m|&
yTT>TZ #|&, n|&T n \eT+ | V]+#T= bT+~. m+<T+f,
| <s \+ me. | \yTq< sTT+qT n|+H, es
sTT+#~ <syT. m+<T+f, <sq \eTT, n<s+&<T qT.

35
 s+&e u>+
seTT d\T |q eT+ esT\ bdt nj&T. s, >+s& seTTqT
sT| |D + | jTe]{ sT (|.jTT.d.) #]+#&T. >+s& q =&T
# > #<T e=qT #d # d+w+#&T. q> eeVs < &T bsTTq|{,
#> #<Te+TH& ||&&T. seTTqT m>H &sTqT #d, <s q
=&T q +f me &T d+b~+, >=| |sT #Ty\ +#y&T.
n+<T qT> seTT L& # u<jTT+>, #> #<Te=Hy&T.
#dT+&>H |_ |\T <>Zs |&sTT. seTT, qT | |dtdt bd yT&dH
#s+<T d]|& esT\T k~+#>\q $Xd+ eH&T.
@~@yTH, $~ n+{+f jTyTq~. eTqeTT q$TH, qeTbsTTH,
eTqeT+ $~ & be\+ eyT. qT+& seTT reyTq s+
e+~. &sT, seTT fbsTT& s+ u<|&TTH& #bsT. >+s& y+H
seTTqT Vd #]+H&T.
<<| 3 ys\ > s+ >Z<T. s+ >Zd] seTT # \Vq+>
jsj&T. s X |+E=H+<T ys+ sE\ deTjT+ |{+~.
s ysyT |_ |\T. eTT+<T # u> yjT>\qqT=q |\T, seTT
n+ u> yjTbj&T. |\ nq+s+ yd$ d\e\T e#sTT. H\
yd$ d\e\ s, | |*\T *XsTT. seTT |dtdt nsTT bdt nsTTH&
>, yT&dH #sT d]|& esT\T k~+#bj&T. qqT m+>H
|$T+, q MT< m+ qeT+ |T=q q +& s rsbjH, n seTT
~>T\T |&&T.
>+s& eeTT n+> ~>T\T #+<+& seTTqT &=HwH { yT&dH
#]+#T d<yTbsTTH&T. seTT, HqT &=HwH { yT&dH #sH #sqT.

36
n, yTT+& #X&T. seTT &=HwH { #<Te neeqs+> u$+#&T. >+s&
#d<MT &^ #~$q s sT #sTT+#e#T, n qqT qT
deTT<sTT+#TH&T. seTT &^ sT #] u> #<Te#TH&T. #dT+&>H 3
d+ >&bjsTT. seTT &^ eT+ esT\ bdH&T. >+s& seTTqT >T]+
Bs+> +, qT @$T #dH q esT&T q > w|& y&T, eeVs
<&T &T. qT, n eT+ jTsT> nsTTH jsT #j\
ssTT+#TH&T.
|jT+ u>+> >+s& yTT< seTTqT V<su<T, eT+
sT #]+#&T. s n eT+ jTsY> j sT #d+<T
q e+T |jT\ eTTeTs+ #X&T. seTTqT eT+ jTsY> #j\+f,
yTT< q \yTq esZ+ u+<e+ \T|y\ ssTT+#TH&T.
sTy q eTTKyTq ys+<] #<Te=q eT]jTT n+<yTq nesTT\T,
|\T& *q T+u\ mesH eHs? n $#]+#k>&T. >+s&
e< nH d++<\T nsTT e#sTT , y{ f eT n $<\
d]bsTTq d++<+, n ssTT+#TH&T. d++<+, eT\eT&T>T \,
sH{ b+ #+~q |<|* s|TTs$Ts& es s, q esT n
$<\ q e<Te n ssTT+#TH&T. m+<T+f s|TTs$Ts& sH{ >& MT<
sT>T ~|+ eq yT] sT. n es. y+H q us
sCX]<$ d+|~+, d+ seTTqT e L& n&>+&, s|TTs$Ts&
es s seTT |[ XsTT+#&T. seTT q +& #dq | @ e+
V]+# b j&T. sqT #dq s yTqT w| & H , q +& q n_bjT+
\TdT=q+& q $yV XsTT+#&+ seTT $T+>T&T |&<T. m|{
eH q +& ~ @$T |+# bj&T.

37
 seTT, s\ |[ s+> ]bsTT+~. |&T >+s& q U
ds|&{, \|&{ = u+<e+ m+ |j>|&+~. s|TTs$Ts&
>=| |sT |w\ T HjT , ysT + nH>] yT q yTTsT |< T \T b{+#T#
HsT. y] eT \+, |\T& eTTK+. n+ #<Te\ MT< >, <T
|<T\ MT< >, n+ ne>Vq <T. |dT+ ysT #TT|\ eq }s
sT>T X> eeV]dTHsT. , \+ m|& +&<T <! |<|
s|TTs$Ts& y] esZ+ L& +~. ysT # \+ qT+& s|TTs$Ts&
T+eTT# nD yjT&sT. |&T y] =+<sT jTTe\T eT b\+
#T=qT |PqTHsT. deTjT+H sh+ |+#jTr m\qT
sVdTqT |{+#sT. m|& @^e+> |+#jTr |d&+T> meTq
s|TTs$Ts&| y] esZ| HjT&T, jTTe&T nsTTq $XH<s& b{ #jTT
d<|&&T. s|TTs$Ts& |dT+ 60 d+\T <{ =+ nHs>+ u<|&T
eH&T. $XH<s& q eTT+<T # \VqyTq nu] nsTTq|{ |*\T m
e+{j, nH +<q >T] nj&T. H q nD, eTD eq y]
eZjTT\T q b{> \&+ s|TTs$Ts& J]+#T bj&T.
m\H\ H$THwH\T, s |#s+ yTT\>T |T{\ eTTdbsTT,
b*+>T sE e+~. #<T sTeT<sT |T sD\ b*+>T eTTd+~. kjT++ +{+>
], s|Ts$Ts& mqT |{+#sT. , s|TTs$Ts& # e yTC]{
e+~. s|TTs$Ts& eeVs+ n+ # +<q *d e+~. n
eTHH eTT+<T eTT+<T sT>ue nHs\ |+#k>sTT. H qT
nqTu$+q |q+ n+ HXq+ neTq<H eqd u >T] nj&T. y]
esZ| HjT&q $XH<s& jTTe& s|TTs$Ts& +f ]qyTq, |T<\
\ eTw. < &T &^ es #~$q $< &+~. #|syTq yT\e\T

38
\TdT+ H nDy >T] nsTTq esZ \<==HT #jTT
d|T&sTTH&T.
|\ seTT q 3 d+\ sTqT |P] #dT= q us s *d
|<|* e#&T. n& n+ u> eqf n|d e+~. , seTT <+
TbqT eTT+<] |X+ > +~. \T, sD\ <s+> +&\qTq
seTT +{ |]dT\T m<Tse&+ $~s sTT+eTqTy*. me sE\T
n& +& bj&T. y+H drdyT+> jT\T<] q }sT e#&T.
seTT sT # w+> #~$, #+ q+<* yT\e\T >V+, |&T
|\ HjT|syTq de\T n+~+#\ $SsT H&T. HjTeed
HjTy~ b # eTTKyTq~. HjTy~, HjT dVjT+ ] q e< e#T
<sT\ e|syTq de\T n+~+#*. n> qT q <sT\ ]q
nHjT+| HjT+ d+ bs&*. B k~+#T eTTsHjT\ +f me
<s kVk\T +&*. seTT q e ~X> eT\T#T=qT |jTd
H&T.
sjT\deT yd$ edH # >e\ <es n, >+>eT Cs
n, $$< k+|T eT]jTT k+d se\T sT|+ e+{sT. #
eTT M{ +T\T\T sT| e+{sT. +T\T\qT |uTeTT
w~+H, M H{ jT<#> sT|H eHsT.
|<|* >eT |<\+ \d d+es+ <es sb\ ssTT+#sT.
<es>qT <TqbTqT jT<#> e<T\TsT. n~ @ b\eTTHH yTjTe#T,
m&HH d+#]+#e#T, >eT b*yTsH +&*. B e\q b&, |+\T
u> n_e~ #+<TjT, |+\T u> |+&TjT >eTdT\ qeTeTT, VQX,
u> yTd \+> eq <Tq <&eTT e\ s\, eT+ <&\T |&jTH

39
<XyT e+& e+&e#T. $<+> u> yTd \dq <TqqT <es <TqbT
n n+{sT. = H\\ s <es sE < |<eT * ksT. < >&
}]ys+ y] X =~ bf q T, q T * , $+<T #dT +{sT. d+<s +>
$$< sD\ e\ n\sT ]> |e<eTT L& e+~. nsTTH L& >eTdT\T
<es sT|=q& VeTT #|ksT.
|<|* L& <es nq>H >eTdT\+ d+s|&bjsT. n+
eTT+<TqT+# bfqT, q yT| =+THsT. >~ |+&T> eTT+<T e#
~yseTT H&T <es sT|=qT ~q+> >eT |<\ T ss TT+#sT. n+ +<Te\,
dVT\ VH\T |+|+#sT. }] n\T y] +T+u\ |yTq
VH\T ysTT. s|TTs$Ts& L& q n\T, LTsTqT H djT+> bsTT
nV+ e#&T. seTT k+ }sT =| m|& <es sT|< T . |PsyT|&
<es d+<s+> |< |TsD #\s+<, n|{ qT+& <es s|&eTT eqTHs
|<\T #bsT.
seTT <w <es |+&T>> sT|=+f |s <T , # esyT q
+T\T\qT Hq& deT]+#&T. qeeT VH n eTTUH
sd]+#bsTTH, seT <es be&eTT m+eeTT weTT <T. ,
q us s <es q |{+{ be{ # V|&T e+~. seTT,
s H+<T <esqT w| & & e TT< #| H L&, s qqT m>H sy\
sT e+~. seTT #d<MT , q eTTKyTq |qT\THjT, M <es
sE #sT+{q #| s H=< |<| |+|+#&T.
s|TTs$Ts& s+&T bfqT <esdqeT u> yT|H&T. q +<Te\qT ,
dVT\qT, q eT+&\eTT n~sT\qT # eT+~, <es V+#&T.
>eTeTT sT\T L& y]`y] +<Te\qT, dVT\q V+#sT.

40
|\T|+~q ys+ # eT+~ <es deT e#sT. m+<T+f, eT+ $+<T
bT, eT+<T>& <=sTT+<sE.
jT<$~> <es se\ ]be#THsTT. |]wyTq bdT +<dT
sVdTHsT. ysT L& +<dT u>+> eT \_+#qTq $+<T d+
m<TsT #dTHsT. C ysT +T\T\qT nqTeT+#L&<T. , mes
#H #jT&eTT <T. m> #+|H +Te\qT, eeT\T |< #+|
@$T? |<eT * d @$T ? nq <sD n~sT\+ eHsT. n+<T, H{
L&, +T\T\TjT<# > ] bTHsTT. nsTT sTT& n+ +#e\dq
n+XeTT @$T+f, e+<\ =~ +Te\qT # * sTTe&eTT eT\+>,
|<XeT+ sd eTeT+~. y+H, nH seTTq, deTT\T, u]j =
eTTcH |<X e T+ y|ksTT. < eT\+> n+Ty<T \T |u kseTT+~.
sTT+, $<+> * e&eTT n+<] y<j>eTT be#T, qT B
|_ qdH> L& |]>D+#e#T.
nsTTH L& >eTdT\+<s <es s>\ sT+THsT. qT,
+T \T\qT \e++> s~+#T k< eTT be#T. qT, nd\T $wjT eTT
y] $X<|s, +T \T\ |ejT+> += |< n\yT #d
+T\T\qT n]e#T. yTTeTT MT< |<| <es m+{ >=&e\T +&
|X++>H ]bsTT+~. seTT eeTT <es VsT <T.
~ e+&>, s|TTs$Ts& }sT |<|* $XH<s& N{, e{
|T sD\ \T <TeTH&T. q q M~ ={\ yTT< es n$ sjT\deT
dsk<sDeTsTTq >eT \T> s| ~<THsTT. |sekq+> }sT
}s+ s+&T esZ\T> \TeH N*bsTT+~. s|TTs$Ts& H qT
nqTu$+q |sT, |w\T n+ H ;sjT H #+<yTq nseTsTT+~. ,

41
+& eTTq s + #e TT+~. qT, m>H eTTs\ $jT+ k~+#\
ssTT+#TH&T. ]+> <TeT q $jT+&T >+s& XsTT+#&T.
>+s&, @$T{ ]+~! n $#s|&, neds+ nsTTq|&T ]+> dVjT+
#kq e{ #&T.
s|TTs$Ts& q esZq+ L&>T= $XH<s& #jTT <&T\qT |
={&T. me] neds+ eH n+ *d bs&T<eT, q esZq+ d+|T{
|]#&T. b++ H\=q eTTs , eT eZjT T\T | #dH deT]+#&e TH
$ k+|<jT+ +~. sE HjT\ |yTjT+ +& sTesZ\ #+~q
=+<sT jTTe\T |TsD |&sT. |TsD\ s|TTs$Ts& esZ #+~q <sT
<[ jTTe\qT $XH<s & eZjT T\T Ls+> ={ >jT|]#sT. y+H >jT|&q
y] <>ZsH eq eT\eT&T>T |uT dT| s*+#sT. nsTT <]H
ysT >j\ e\ ]q $|yTq ske+ eTsD+#sT.
s|T Ts$Ts& d#q yTs y] es|Z HjT&q $XH<s & yTT<{ eTT<sTT>
#sTd, + @&T>T] MT< VHs+ ybsT. d+|Tq s $XH<s&
dV n eZjT T\+ }sT $& b]bjsT. }] bdT | { @sT nsTT+~.
bdT\T s+&T sEH $XH<s& dV eTT<sTT\+<] nsdT #d sT
VsT|]#sT. sT Ms E&wj T \ ]e+& $~++~. }] $T*eq $XH<s &
eZjTTq |\\T, d\T, e<T\T, | bdT\T eT]jTT | s|TTs$Ts&
eZjTT\ # nH <sH\ >T] nsTTHsT. $XH<s& eZjTT\qT
+>BdT=H+<T #*, eT+>* + s e |y] me], ne* y]
|qT\T #jTs< s|TTs$Ts& eZjTT\T +\T $~+#sT. \Vq esZ\ #+~q
e |ysT, ujT+ +\qT b{+#sT. +{ d+|Tq\T sjT\deT
\ eTTs\T eq # >e n|&|&T ]>y. n|&T u~T\T

42
|& u<\ T n, e. | V $+|& y] +<T e\T neequs+,
eqd e<, $T* b, |rseTT s*b +{sT. V #dq ysT,
y] +<T e\T bdT\ <sH \ eT]jTT |rs <&T\ \& * b +{sT.
yTT+ MT< sTesZ\ ysT nu< ue+, eqd e< $T*b
+{sT. n+ sjT\deT ]> eTTs |TsD\T, de #|qT>
<>u]+> +&e. qsT eT+~, Vs +]> eTT|f <X\T &
}V+#HH }V+#eTT. |~eT+~ V+\T, eTyd ] V #jT&eTT
& eeT\T> ]> d+|Tq. +<T LsTbsTTq y] q +& e+
, <sTy n\eT{d +{sT. e #b\+f & >eT \qT
#e, T\ |X &> n_e]+#e#T. seTT, |<|* H\=q
|]d T \qT #d qT #~$q #<T e & @$<+ > |j >|& T T+< n jd
H&T.
seTT, sE <jT+ eT\eT&T>T eJ myT *+>s& e< qT+,
eTw s+ rdT= e#&T. seTT, *+>s& >] >T]+ $ eH& >
+es n mTe+{ |]#jT+ <T. nsTT nqT q eeT s|TTs$Ts&
e\dq y&H~ \TdT. *+>s& ydq s+ $<+> +~.
|jTyTq seTT, |<|* |]dT\T *d +{sTT. $wjTyT
# ] +# e \d +~. q T y + H j T \T< ] e qqT e +{ e<
\TdT=qe\dq~> sT#THqT.
T,
*+>s&.

43
 eseq+ n+<>H >+s&L& seTTqT y+H bsTT *+>s& >]
\eeT #b&T. ys q e y+f seTT L& jT\T<] bsTT sjT
HjT&T *+>s& \TdTH&T. seTT n+eTTqT| *+>s& =+#+
L& |]#jT+ <T. nqT b++ eT+ e+ eq HjT& |sT+~.
eTTK+> nqT X+ eTT&T. seTT, *+>s& +{ |y+q y+H,
*+>s&, seTT q m|{ qT+# |]#jT+ eqT # |eT>,
s ! seTT!! >T]+ #H $HqT. +{ nuT<jT uy\Tq jTTe
eTq <X |&T neds+. s! & Ls!! n eTs< #dH&T.
n eeVsX* seTTqT m+>H T+~. seTT, *+>s&
nH&T,
nH ! MT >T]+ L& HqT # $HqT. sE $TeT* \TdTe&+
HqT # n<w+> u$dTHqT!!
e eeT s|TTs$Ts& MT L& # eTTKyTq e. |<|* |]dT\T
@MTu> e. m>H n& X+ H\=HT #&+&.
yT seTT! |<|* |]d # <sTD+> e+~. #sTT <{bjTT
n|d +~. nsTTH <$T{ seT, MT eeT s|TTs$Ts& #dTH&T.
b\T |Te&yT eT+~ <T. n+<T #*, eT+>* ne* y
|qT\ b+& #d m? d\T, |\\T, e<T\T @$T b|+ #dHsT? b n+
b q&T|e#T , #d m? +<Te\q deTd eT]+ ]\eTeT+<
>, deTdb<T. #&T seTT, |* L& seTT \T| eTd =& n~
L& m] yTTV+| sT+~. qT deTdqT eT]+ res+ #jTL&<T. eTq+
y+H uq+ #d |<|* bsTT MT eeT e{& |dT+ H\=q deTdqT
|]w]+#*. n *+>s& nH&T.

44
 seTT n& | Ls eq eT&e e n|&T >eT+#&T. nqT
|<|* y] esZ| HjT\ sT. nsTT, qT e<T&sTTq+<Te\q nqT
m& b]b+& |<| * H e+TH&T. nqT eT }] sT>TTq <sH \
sT esZ\ dVT&q eJ myT *+>s& e< m>H eTqT s+#eT
yTTs|T= jTTH&T. n> s|TTs$Ts& me] e $qbsTTH q n\T&T
seTT e | $+{&, seTT $<e+T&T, eTT&q e n *+>s&
*|jTTHsT.
qT seTT eT<e]+ e\ deTd |]cs+ neT+<, M]sTe *d
seTT dVj ssT. seTT *+>s& #|q~ deT+dyT nsTTH, H
s|T Ts$Ts& eT+<*+# +&, q dV jT+ m+<T s& ns+ <T . m+<T+f
s|TTs$Ts&, *+>s& e e<&T. qT seTT, *+>s& nH&T
nH, MTsT #_ MT e e eeT $q&! H #|+#e\dq neds+
@yTT+~!!
< *+>s&,
n~ yT nqT, b s|TTs$Ts& LTsTqT q eeT. MT
sTesT w dTU\T ]=sT |+#T+{sT. yTeTT #|<y #TeTT, nsTTH
q+ u< e +&<T <! n<T qT |*|+HeTT n #b&T.
s *+>s& +{ uH\T #d n+<s J| |<|* jT\T
<ssT. |<|* <>Zs |&>H }] #+~q 3e e }] jTf J| ~ seTTqT,
*+>s&, m>H |dT deTd rseT eT]jTTk] y] n]+ q <]q
qT, q +{ y&T. *+>s&, seTT eeTT HsT> s|TTs$Ts& +{ y[,
eT de#s+ n+ nsTTq s, *+>s& $<+> yTT<\T |{&T,

45
 s|T! ne* y] MT< K dT |{sT < ? dT + q&TdH +~.
H\, s+&T H\ rsT mq edT+~. eT] MTsT |&T ne* y]
#*, eT+>[ + s e |y] bjT+& eT>=&+ @MT u><T.
Be\ deTd + |<<eT+< |, r]b<T. qT H e $ y+H me]
|qT\T ysT #dT=HT n+<] #|, n s&T.
< s|Ts$Ts& nsTTw+> \ |++, $XH<s& eZjTT\T q y]|
#dq <&T\qT >T]+ $<+> nH&T.
ysT nHjT+> <& #d, e eTqTw\qT <] <sTD+> V #XsT.
y] H MT< s>&+ <s+ m e+~? HqT n+ n+ |rs+
rsT y] >TDbs+ #|+< $&|qT, n q X+ y>&T.
n+es eTq+> eq seTT,
ee! e #|~ yT. nsTTH, m> dT |{sT <! dT sT
q&Td +~. H n+#H |s+ H\ n~ $#sD edT+~. MT dsq
HjT+ sT>TT+<H nqT+THqT. { |]dT\ MTsT #{ #T
rdT=q&+ eT+~ <T. Be\ nH #&T |]De\T s>e#T. ne* y]
+ me y~d, ysT + >{> ||T{ksT. qT +e] y~+#+&
+{ MT <sH\qT |+&, n eTT+#&T.
dV> s|TTs$Ts& eT+ eeVs<&T, |$&T|\T *dqy&T e&+
eT\+>,
ds, HqT MT< me] y~+#qT, mTe+{ <sH\ b\&qT,
n< deTjTeTT ysT L& mTe+{ y~+|\, <sH\ b\&+& dT\
sTH |]w]+#T+{eT ysT e d H deTyT, n nH&T.
$<+> seTT |<| sTesZ\ y] |]#jT+ nj&T. s =~

46
sE\ |<|* + V\ dT sT $#sD e+~. $#sD <q+>
sT>T e+~, k\qT |yX|&+, y] k\qT qy<T #jT&+, &|H
jTsY k\qT dt m>$TH #jT&+, n |< |s+ ]bTHsTT.
{ |]d T \ sT eZjT T\T &| H eT+ ydj T THsT. |<| * V #jT &
<sT jTTe\ nq<eTT\+ *d @&T>TsT HsT. ysT n+ eT y]
<TssD+, neeq us+q, eqd y<q q HsT. ys+ # eTT
ssdT. y] ysT #]+#T+, &T,
eTqy V\ s, eTqeTT |rs+ rsT+f s| eTq } m
T= s>*.
nq>H, +=&T,
V+ \ sT | |&T T+~. n+{ eTq |rs+ r]bT+~
nH&T.
eTs yTT<{y&T,
|& jeJe |&TT+~. n+< ! |{ ] @$T yjTsT
< !!
eTs s+&e y&T,
jeJe n+f 14 d+ C +&*. keq+> s y]
e<*|&sT
eTs yTT<{y&T,
HqT #|B n<, ysT eTs 14 d+\ s }] e T= >s+>
sT>TsT. n~ #d eTq+ \\T e+#T= s>? < <, bD bD+,
n #dH eTq+ yTT>+ n|+#T+{+. eTq yqT #+|q s+>s&,
<d ] #+|, sT y y\+f eTqyT jeJe nqTu$ <eTT. n< bsTwyT q

47
|. eTq |> k~+#Te#T, s |X++> e#T.
@&T>T] qy&q s+>&T nH&T,
#+|+ b s y L& eTq\qT #+|sT <! @~
eT+<, @$T #j k +#+&!!
$T> <sT L& n+es e{& s+>& deT]+#sT. yTT<{y&
eTs,
@$T MT sw+, bsTw+ < ? yq +| eTq b m ? @~
@yTH, eTq+ y+H s+>s&, <d] q] #+| eTq |>rsTy*. +<T
n+<s+ T& +{eT eTq+ @&T>TseTT | rdTy* $<+ > #]+#T=
ysT @&T>TsT e MT< e, sE qT+ s+>s& <dsT\| |yd
>eTd HsT.
sE s s+>s&, <d], +{ < | s+&e de ysT.
~ >eT+q s|TTs$Ts& eZjTTq @&T>TsT y+H ~jTsY e< y[
n& eTyXsT. s 11 >+ 30 \ de e<\>H =sT |* qT+
jT edTHsT. s&T MT< q d+#s+ n+> <T. M~T |Xe++>
y\T>TTHsTT. s+>s&, <dsT\T jT s>H y] d+ eTydjTTq
@&T>TsT, s+>s&, <d], =] eTT>TZsT #=|q &d |T=, _>Zs>
\T yd, uZ{ <|= eq |&u\ y] #|, &T| + >=+TMT<
w+ eqT b&#sT. ysT #bjs s]+#Tq s @&T>TsT
@ e+ \d+ #jT+& n& qT+& |ss bjsT.
n& de e~*q|&T jT eq q+, V+\T \T yd y]
q&s&T MT< b&Td e+f n+ ##<Ts b]bjs |, s+#T mes
kVd+#<T.

48
 s|TTs$Ts& |yTjT+ +&H |&T V\T ]>jT n+<] *d
L&, $XH<s& b<\+ s|TTs$Ts& yTT<{ eTT<sTT> dT ]+,
+ |H+&T eT+~ MT< K dT HsTT+HsT. s|TTs$Ts& ]q <
+d, y qT bsTT bdT\ +b y] y~+|\ >T] e\d
edT+< ujT|&, m&H b]by\ d eH&T. n< deTjT+ seTT
nqT+& n& se&+ ]+~. s|TTs$Ts& seTT $wjT+ n+ $e]+,
seTT! HqT eTTs\T m+ e<qT=H +<T LsT= bTHqT.
|&T @&T>TsT, ys+ ys s+>s&, <dsT\qT V#d b]bjsT.
+<T H b @eeTT <T. $XH<s& eTs qqT yTT<{ eTT<sTT>
#] qqT s=+| >T#TH&T. |&T + HH$T #jT>\qT. HqT m&H
<s b+ b]bsTT, dT sT $#sD e#T deTj ] ekqT.
n+es d+ks u<\T n e #dT=qeqT. n nH&T.
n+<T seTT,
ee! MTsT b]b +<T | MT Vd+ +< bdT\T dV
n+<s u$ksT. qT MTsT m& b]be<T. eTq+ y+H md <>Zs
yeTT. MTsT y] ds+&sY ne+&. n|&T | bdTysT, V\ MT
Vd+ < $XdksT. n #|. ||sT, |qT rdT= dT d+u+~+q
yTT+ $es\qT n+<T b+<T|s , seTT q eeTqT |\T#T=, y+H jTdt.|.
|dT y&T. n& jTdt.|. >] *d, yTT< eTT ydT=q $q|+ ,
jTdt.|. >] $<+> nH&T,
ksY, s|TTs$Ts& sw. nqT eTTs\ qT+& jT|&\ #
|jTd H&T. eTsTq @&T>TsT V+\T #eTT MT< >se+
+& ysT |rs b\&, V\T #ksT. n+ s|TTs$Ts&

49
$wjT+ dTeT+H *jT<T. n|&T jTdt.|. >sT,
n nsTT, ne*ysT V#dq @&T>TsT MT< Hs+ y|+&,
s|Ts$Ts&H m+<T yTT<{ eTT<sTT> #sTksT. V\ s|TTs$Ts& @<
$<yTq d++<+ +~ >qTH $XH<s& eZjTT\T yTT<{ eTT<sTT>
#ssT. MTs+ MTsT H e< e +be&+ <s MT dTqT MTsT #|
DeTT qT+ L& |]o*keTT n #b&T.
n|&T seTT,
ksY! sjT\deT eTTs\ m& V ]H, HjT |yTjT+
H, HjTH yTT<{ eTT<sTT> #sTksH~ n+<] *dq $wjTyT.
qT, e\+ s|T Ts$Ts& yTT<{ eTT<sTT> #]Hs, nH V\ d< ]
n |s=q&+ HjT+ <T. MT |{ mesT V#Xs b<$T de#s+
n+~ +T+~. qT, MTsT n $wj \T $#]+ s|T Ts$Ts& HjT+ #j \
sT#THqT nH&T.
< md,
ds, yTeTT n $wj\T $#]+q sTy s|TTs$Ts& +>
V\ m+{ Vd+ < sTEe nsTT, n|&T n | HjTeTT #keTT
n #bsT.
s|TTs$Ts& nsdt nsTT eT&T H\\T <{bsTT+~. n usTT
<=s<T. seTT n |]#jT+ eq *+>s& |\T#T= jTdt.|. e<
y[ s|TTs$Ts& sw qT, n dT qT+& |+#e\dq~> s&T. n+<T
jTdt.|.,
s|TTs$Ts& dT @ deTjT+ L& mTe+{ d++<+ < e
$#sD |P]> *+~. nsTTH L& = k+ sD\ e\q yTeTT n|

50
dT |d+V]+#eTT n yT #&T.
n+<T seTT,
MT <>Zs s|TTs$Ts& d++~+q |P] de#s+ eq|&T, m+<T
n sw> $&T<\ #jTsT? n n&>&T.
n+<T jTdt.|.,
yTeTT |&T s|TTs$Ts& sw n n dT qT+& =\d yTeTT
bdT\eT n|+#TeTT. m+<T+f, sT y, dT yTq Hsd T \ |q @e+
\&<T. qT yTeTT, dTqT jT<<+> sT #wT | #keTT.
sTy s|TTs$Ts& yTyT bdT |< dVjT+ #d dT qT+& jT
rdT=keTT n nHsT.
+ nHsT,
MTsT |<| * dT\ m>H sJ#d y] *+> bH q T
s*+#+<T bdT\ dV]+#+& n M]sTesT ssT.
seTT eeVs+ n+ HjT eed _q+> n|+H, bdT\T
#jTT |jT+ yTT+ eedqT |q+ #d~> +~. $wjT+ n+ $q
s|TTs$Ts& e\T, bdT\| eT+&|& reyTq $eTs\T >T|+#&T. nsTT seTT
eeVsq+ kqTL\+> eT\#T=qT, y+H y>+> be\T ~b&T.
sTesZ\ |]#jT + eq *+>s& *d, sTesZ\| eq dT\ sJ #dT =,
MT< mTe+{ eTTs\T +& |X++> e+&\ sJ |b<q
#X&T. bdT\T L& sTesZ\qT sJeT, # |<|* sT esZ\qT
b<+ nDykeTT, n u~]+#sT. sTesZ\ HjTq s|T s$Ts& eT]jTT
$XH<s &\ | K dT\T q&Td q+<Te\, + # eT+~ y] nqTjjTT\|
L& K dT + = dT\T q&Td q+<Te\, n+<s sJ nsTTH

51
eT+< u$+#sT. qT, n+<s *d sJ nsTTH eT+< ssTT+#T=,
n+<T eT deT *bsT. nqT=q |syT dT\ k\T | |*, |<|*
|\+ |dT eTTs\ qT+ jT|&eT d+w+#sT.

52
 eT&e u>eTT
seTT, +<|<X usY q+<T 1980 d+ n&{> q |sTqT qy<T
#sTT+#T=, &| |DeTT q+<T >\ sT |s=+~q n&{ lwe#]
>] e< pj T sY > b d T bs + _ + #& T . n| { eTTs \ T +
syT\TTHeHsTT. dV> \T, sD\ <s+> +& seTT e
<sT\ HjT|syTq dVjT+ n+~d H&T.
=+<sH seTT eT+ pjTsY e\T> # eT+~ |]#jT+ nj&T.
, q < sT\T qqT e|s y T q jTeT, +<q \T n$T+#T |s |+H,
seTT n+<T deT+#y&T <T. q eeT s|Ts$Ts& >] dT $wjT+
s +&T, eT&T ksT jTdt.|. >] \TdT= eH&T, s dT\ $wjT +
qT n #jTT s]d edTH&T.
e+&>, q k+ }sT =| qT+& V ]+~. nsTT,
V q T+u mTe+{ d++<+ <T. q }] sTesZ\
esZ+ ysT qT |#dTq lwe#] e< <sT\T> e#sT. sE seTT
|dTH H&T. qH{ qT+& q |]#jTdTq q }] ys sT esZ\T>
$&be&+, n+<T esZ qT pjTsY> eeV]+#&+, seTT
}V+#T=q bjT&T. qH&T }] qT nqTu$+q d>TZ, ujT+, nH
eqd y\\T k]> ||+#sTT. + seTT }] +& bj&T.
y+H q djTsY e< y[
ksY, dT H >, H T+u >, @ $<y T q d++<+ qq,
sT esZ\ ysT |]#jTdT\T qT, dT pjTsY> eeV]+#qT. dT
|]w]+|& HqT MT e< ] ekqT. <jT#d qqT eT+#+&.
n $q$+#TH&T. < lwe#],

53
 seT! e e\Te, HsT> |yTjT+ < >T]+ e
ujT|&e\dq |<T. e<s+ e HsysT. $T> $wj$ eTqdT
|T+& | e #dT=+ b,
n #b&T. seTT +<T dd$Ts, n
n~ H # |. H e+ _qyTq~. { |]dT\ HqT H e
<s HsysqT. <jT#d qqT $T+#+&, n Bq+> |*&T. n|&T q
djTsY n&{,
seTT, @ e nsTTH &T d+b~+#T =s. , #d e | <
e+&*. e jTe\T b{+#*. eTqdeTT # dTyTq~>
|d e+~. e e eTqe. e eT+ |\T& *q T+eTT
qT+ eHe. qT, @yH = &\sYw|t\T d+b~+ ybs+ #dT.
eTqd n~ d]bT+~. e H e< sTT+ se\dq nedseTT <T. n
ws> #b&T.
seTT e\T $ sTsT&H&T. q djTsY MT<H q MT< q
$|yTq |+ e+~. q e +~+#TH&T. $|yTq eTqk|+
HsT> +{ e, usY qq n&{ mHsyT+{ d]|{qT, eT]jTT
q n&{ >T]+| sTqT, eTT\T eTT\T> + * ydH&T. +{eTT+<T
q HyT usTqT THTq\T, #d y+H ||sT |qT rdT= usY
+~ $<+> K yk&T.
>sejTTq usY d] >],
HqT 1980e d+ usY H |sT qy<T #dT= &| |DeTT
q+<T eq sT n&{> bdT #d HqT. |dT+ e|s+> HqT
m<Ts=+Tq deTd\ re eTqk|+ #+~HqT. HqT HjTy< e |sq

54
ssTT+#T=, H n+ HqT> usY sJHe #dTHqT. HqT MT<
e @ e+ =qk>qT. qT, H |sTqT usY qT+& =\+#\
sT#THqT.
T,
eT$<jTT&T,
seTT
n s eTT+ y+H < usY d] >] |+|+#&T.
$wjTeTT q us s | +e] #|<T. =~ sE\T +{H
~>T\T> e+&y&T. q e H +~+#T=Hy&T. HH+<T n+<]>
]q+>, <s+> +&bTHqT n u<|&&T. $<+> ys+ sE\T
q H $T*b >&b&T. =~ sE\ s, usY qT+ seTT
s+ e+~. n+<T yd e+~.
MTsT usY qT+& MT |sT |d+V]+#T=q<\q# MTsT MT n&{
&+{{ sTqT eT]jTT n&{ mHsyT+{ d]|{qT, y+H e kBq|s#
e\dq~> sT#THeTT. s $TeTT\qT MT u<\ qT+& $eTT\qT
#jT>\eTT. n *jT]HsT.
seTT us s q us |]d #d, nH+ w> #~$q #<Te e<
ne#Tq< n # u<|&+~. H q us seTT sy u~+#\
ssTT+#T=,
nd\T e<s + n+f @$T+& ! MTsT MT djTsY y~+q MT n_bjT+
dsq<. m+<T+f, mesH q |]#jTeTTq ysT >, +<Te\T >, dT
e+f, HjTeTsT\T L& dT qT+& | y<=\T>TsT. MT djTsY
$TeT* m+<T nbs+ #dT= qT#s H *jT<T. , MTsT MT e

55
<s @ e+ n$T+#<T. + #b\+f MTsT #dq |H dsq e <s+.
qT, MTsT @ e+ ++#, y+H V<su<T bsTT usY d
>] *d, yX+ MTsT ydq s |d+V]+#T=+TqT *|,
|s+& bsTTq MT d]| kq+ q\T d]|T |+#T= s+&.
MT< MTsT &| k++>H bdT bs+_+#+&.
n seTT q us s >TsTe> sy u~++~.
q us#|q e\T deT+d+> eHjT \TdT=, q djTsY
|< qT u<|&e\dq neds+ < u$+, y+H V<su< y[,
n& usY s<] >] \TdT=,
ksY, HqT yX+ ydq s $T+#+&. @ sD+ +&H HqT
n&T> | sHy nqT= n |> + usY sJHe
#dT q T MT K ykqT. <q+> +q MT< HqT rdT=q sj T eTT
| n \TdT=, sJHe #j \qT=q H sj |d+ V]+#T +THqT.
H bsbT eT\+> H d]|{ L& b&bjsTT. qT <jT#d H, H
d]| q\T |\T jsT #d e+& n $q$+#T=H&T.
n+<T usY s<] >sT kqTL\+> d+~+,
$Tws Y seTT ! MTsT nH+> =+<s| & sj
\T rdTe&+ eqT+&.
J$+ mH TbT ed +{sTT, eTq+ =+<s|&+& <q+>
+ sj\T rdTy*. nsTTH, |&T MT eq qw+ @MT <T. MT#
|& eTs |eD |+ #~$+, MT eTs MT MT d]|T s+&T sE
jsT #d |+#>\qT,
n, s seTT # n&{> |eD+ #|+, seTTqT, s+&T sE\
s e |dT d]|T rdTe\dq~> ssT.

56
 seTT usY q q\T d]|{qT rdT= V<su< qT+ &|
] e &| sT k++> bdT #jT&+ yTT<\T |{&T. qL, eT
T+u\L eq |]#j\ <s, +, Hj >*|+#eqH n+] B
e\, sH eT+ e\T> |sT >&+#&T. q q|{ qT+ eq eqd
\Vq\ q rdT+f dd b+<>\ q \TdT=, eT+ eqd
y<T *d, n# q , d\V\T b+~, eTs eeT\T eTw, q
q | qH&T b|+q qq ue+ qT+ jT |&+<T re+>
|jT+ n+<T d|T&H&T. |&T seTT < yse+&, q eTqk
#|qT qT eT+< q$Tq esZ+ |jT+#k>&T.
+ d++ |+&T> <>Zs |+&+~. |\+ |+\ q]
&T eHsTT. s|T Ts$Ts& LT] n\T |+&T> H y[ |\T#Te#&T.
d++ y&T\T us<XeT+ k+|<jT<+> sT|+{sT. +<|<X
|+&T>qT | # V+> sT|+{sT. eTTK+> |+&T>qT |+\T
q] eq d+<s+> sT|+{sT. sT\T |+&>qT |< |+&> n
L& |\T#T+{sT.
d++ d+<s+> |<| yesDeT+ e]bsTT+~. |+&T>sE
s \ysTCeTTH , \ kq+ #d, +{ eTT+<T eTT>TZu{, >=ueT\qT
j sT#d, eTT>TZ n\+]++~. \\ysTT+&>H V]<dT bb&T+
sT>T _ d]dTH&T. eT]=~d|{ >+s<T\y m<T\qT eTTkT#d,
yTeTT ysTTd sTT*\ sT>TTHsT. =# >+s<T\ \T &dTHsT.
}] yesDeT+ |+<y\ e\ \q d]de+~. qe]
H\ #\<qeTT, ejTdT eq | |&T#T\ n+<#+<\T, n+<] yeTTq
sTqe, |\\ sy\T, nu! d++ kjT>\T HqT e]+#HqT.

57
 q yTTq{ esL, \, b{\ qusTTq | sE >s+>
T+~. n+<] eTqdTq q+<yT, n~ DyT nsTTH, n~ d++ q
d+s+. s|T+T+< mes +#&eTT <T. H{ q+< XXeTT
#dTy\ n+<s +dTHsT. nsTTH y] + sjT\deT m|&T
HsysTT+< !
seTT z k|>, sjT\deT @< sE X+ >T]dT+<
|P]>qeTTTH&T. &ysT e+{ eTTbjsT. n+<sT eTX=~ |+&
e+\T #dT+THsT. eeT\T> b+eTT, d++sE, qeTT,
bjTdeTT, b+>*, #|T, <X\T, e&\T, ||, #sT, yTT<\>T |<s\ #ksT.
eeT\T> d++ eT&TsE\ |+&T>. yTT<{sE`u, # #
\y sTCeTTH ueT+\T yksT . sE q|\\ qT >&| | LsT+&|{ s |+&T
\|bksT.
eT] eT&e~H qTeT n, bs n |\TksT. sE, | #
V&e& e+T+~. ## sE e+kVseTT #dT+{sT. &|+<\T
sT|+{sT. (&|+<\qT |uTeTT w~++~) ## |Xe\qT |
=+#TsT. b+eTT ## bsTy sT|sT. bsTy n+f,
>= s qT, bf \ TqT, j T \T | < X e TT u ~ ]+ e< * |& s T .
Ve+Tq jTTe\T < y+{& |T=qeqT. n~ mesT |T+f y]
n+<T u> ksT. b+eTT ~ # b#TseTT +~.
seTT eT&TsE\T eeT>]+{ q+<+> >&| |\T m|& e+f
m+ue+T+~? n nqTH&T. |+&T> nsTTbsTTq y+H drdyT+> seTT
&| ] e#&T.

58
 |+&T> nsTTbsTT+~. eT n+<s y], y] <q+~ se
eTTbjsT.
nsTT sH |<|* |]d esT>|q | e+~. n+<s m|&T
@$T sT>TT+< n +<q #+<TeHsT. eT< ]q |]De\ e\
T s|Ts$Ts& esZ+, nT $XH< s& esZ+, s+& ]+> bsTTHsTT.
s|T Ts$Ts& n+>\+ u>TH , ] |]d n+ u> <T qT, q $jT+&q
>+s&, ]+> q n+&> \y\ y&TH&T. >+s& +, neds+
nsTTq|&T <T=+{q e #& , C nH| & n+ |< dV jTyT$T
#jT<T. nsTTH L& s|TTs$Ts& q $jT+&T =+&> n+& +&&
n+<s u$+#T #X&T. $XH<s& eZjTT\T m>H }] s|TTs$Ts&
~|+ L\<d eTT ~| #+#Ty\ $\sTeHsT.
s s \T> eT MT< s|T s$Ts& eseZ TT #dq <sH \T \T#T= n+<T |rs+
rsTy\ d, eT |+#T+THsT. n+<T u>+> eTT+<T
jTT<\qT d]+#& |PqT=HsT. s +&T &T us Tb\T, eT&T |d \T,
deTLsTHsT. esTeT\ + 100 HT u+T\T jsT #sTT+#sT.
nsTT<sT eT+~ jTTe\qT mqT= y] jTT<\T |j+#&+ yT\e\T
H]+#sT. + HTu+T\T m $ds <T #sT.
eeVs+ n+ s|TTs$Ts& \TdH q~. ne*ysT mq{
eT| |T k~+#sH $Xd+ H&T. }] n+<] n+++>\T \
u] +>H HsTT. d\ T, |\\ T, e<T\ T m|&$T sT>TT+< n uj T |&T THsT.
eTTKyTq HjT\T L& $|yTq eqd +<q dsq +&, dsq <
+& >&T|THsT. }] q # eT+~, @<H |TsD e\ >j\T *
u< u]+#& ujT|&+ <T, , Ms+ y] qb{ neeq+ ]H

59
u]+# d sT. y\ n ] ysT | |rs+ rsTy\
deHsT. s|TTs$Ts&, $XH<s& eT< ndq deTd\T @$T e.
y]sTe] eT< ndq deTd e\+ ~| bsT eyT. bsT ysT ]
bD* sT rdT=q& yqTBjT&eTT <T. ]=sT $|eTsTTq qc
\T>CdT+ eHsT.
e+&>, sE seTT e< q |]#jTeTTq |<| e sT
+<q> CT rdT= e seTT #&T. n~ q eeT, s|TTs$Ts&
ydq~. n+<T ks+X+ @$T+f, $XH<s& eZjTT\T sE <jT+
qT+ }]q+ ~>+ <q+ #dH s, ysT # }s qT+, +<T e\qT |*|+#T=
# seTTq jTT<\ + # HT u+T\ eT MT< <&#d+<T
XjTT <jT+ qT+ eT y]q+<] $d Hs, y] \+ qqT
Ves&yT njTT+T+<, |&T qT y] m<TsT \q, q bdT\
sD nedseT, m>H md *d Mq+ s> q sD
*+#e\d+~> n+<T y&T=H&T.
seTT, s+ #<e>H |<| |]d ns+ nsTT+~. nsTTH, seTT
qH{ > u+u\T |&+&, s+> se+ +#T=, y+H q u|
q s+ q e L& m+#T= jTdt.|., e< y>+>
y&T. n& n|&T jTdt.|., q |dT, qsHV\T eTTKyTq bdT
q~sT\ deyXyT HsT. \T| e< q d+{, seTT $<+>
#b&T,
HqT seTT nH e\TqT. nedsyTq |MT< jTdt.|., >] \e&
e#qT.
n #|>H d+{,

60
 ksY , | & T | \ + MT{ + > s T > T T q~. bd T
q~sT\+ eHsT. MTsT MT{+>T nsTTbjT+es y e+&+&. n
#b&T.
< seTT,
HqT eq | # eTTKyTq~, ~ =+<] #e T\ deTd. <jT#d
s md >] , seTT nH e\T MT e{&T jT y H&
#|, s md >] weTT.
n s |+b&T. yT MT{+> eq md, K #dq y+H
seTTqT |* seT #b&T. seTT y[ md, >] qeTks+ #d \&&T .
n|&T md |H eq #|+,
MTsT Ls+&! K de#s+ qeT<q<H ? MTsT @ V< H
<>Z] e#sT ? n&{ >H? bdt>H ? n n&>&T
< seTT =T bT|&+&,
ksY ! HqT 3 d+\ qT+& sT n&{> |#dTHqT. s+
yd |+|q s|TTs$Ts& >sT q LT] H $yV+ ]|+q eeT>sT.
H @ bH q d++<+ <T . + eTT+<T L& |<| * eTTs><\qT
n+yT T+~+#& H e+T w #d eHqT. eTTK+> s|T Ts$Ts& >] bD\
|e<eTT+< s+ <s \Td e+~. MTsT y+H q #s rdT=q+f,
n& V+d #\s> |e<+ +~. qT MTsT MT n~s |j+ n&
>T$TL&q nk+|T X\qT n<T| rdT= n& X+ H\=\
sT#THqT, n $q$+#TH&T.
y+H md >sT n& eq @.jTdt.|. >], + eT\eT&T>T &$H
d++~+q <sT &.jTdt.|.\qT, q+ bdT bsY rdT=, y+H |<|*

61
#TTeTT{, n& >T$TL&q Hsd T \ +<] n<T| rdT=eTH&T. y+H n&
bdT |{ @sT #d, n $wj\T q ]bsY #j\ <+HsT.
seTT s de#seTT, ys |\T #dq s > *jT<T. eTsTd{
sE n ys |\q yTT<{ |JH,
sH eTs |&> $|q bH n |eTTK+> |#T]+#sT.
bdT\T n+ |<|* #TTeTT{, # eT+~ HsdT\qT n<T|
rdT=HsT. # |\T&T |<s\T, s+&T HT Tb\T, eT&T |d\T, +
# f\T, y =&e kBq|s# T =HsT. d+<s + > s|T Ts$Ts& +{,
n nqT#sT\ qT L& k< #XsT. nsTT n& bdT\ = f\T,
y=&e | +$T <=s<T.
nsTTH L& s|TTs$Ts& eZjTT\qT =+<] n<T| rdT=,
s|T Ts$Ts& eT y+ jTdt.|. >] e< seT |\T#T= bjsT. s|T Ts$Ts&
jTdt.|. |d T #sT +H, seTT, qT n& eqT de#s+ n+~+#&T.
y+H seTT s|TTs$Ts& \TdT=, s jTdt.|. >], s|TTs$Ts&,
eTTs \qT bV+#L&< m+ nqTH sT\T n s=+|
>TTHs, n bdT bfH e+f n |]d # <sTD+>
e+T+<, jTdt.|. >] $q$+#TH&T. jTdt.|. >sT M] $qb\qT |
|]o*kq #|, s|TTs$Ts& +{ y[ beT #b&T. s|TTs$Ts&, seTT
+{ y[ s+&T sE\T n& H&T. |\ jTdt.|., >sT dw ]sY&
dTqT s|TTs$Ts& sD> jT$T+#sT. nqT q mksY dT
*d |<|* ] y&T.
|<|* n|&|&T |TsD\T sT>TH eHsTT. me] |X+ <T.
s|TTs$Ts& @$T #j b\Tb<T. qT \VqT& sT\ nD eTD

62
}] d+#& T . n> qT ~| + #sTT+#\+f eTTqT|{ > eTTs\ T
|+ bw+#*. eT< \+ s|T Ts$Ts& n y] eZjT T&q $XH<s &
L& < sTy+~. sT|\ # d qw+ ]+~. }s+ s+&T esZ\T>
\TeH N*+~. y{ @+ #jT&+, }] X+ k~+#&eTT, n+ dT\Tyq
|H$ T <T. s|T Ts$Ts&, qT yT & q |e<eT \, q u eTT\
= b\\qT $sTT+, + sT\ qT+& =+ &T n|> deTLsT=,
eT+<T>T+&T ke =q&+ yTT<\T |{&T. m+<T+f q n+>\+ me>
eH jTT< d+| <T.
q ~, ne* y] u> eq~ jTT<\T eyT. qT qT
jTT<\T deTLsT+f | eT< |#sTT neT+~, n u$+#&T.
s|T Ts$Ts& |$ <+ > + q sD bdT mksY eH, q+
qT>, qqT s+#T=qT eT+ |d nedseT u$+, m& s\T
eTTs HjT e< eT+ 9 jT+.jT+. |d neT e+<
\TdT= q yTq\T&sTTq dTswt + =+eT+~ eTqTw\qT &, m>H
edTe #+#T= seT |+b&T. ysT eT\eT&T>T y[, n& J|
u&T> rdT=, s\T >& \ esTeT\ | eq
eTTs HjT& +{ ysT. M] L& y[q eTTsHjT +<T e, dTs wtqT
n |]#jT+ #d, eTT eq | *jTCX&T. n|{ N{ |&edTq~
qT, eTTs HjT&T Ms+<] uH\T @sT #d, s jTT<
#|+,
Te+{~ m& <T. # \+ qT+& ~ H e<H e+~.
B H b\ HsysTHqT. B K<T |dT+ \sbjT\T |H +T+~.
MTsT *dq ysT qT 50,000 sbjT\ kqT. n+ e eqT

63
n #b&T.
n~ neTT eTTs HjT =&T dd$Ts, n
yTeTT, MTsT m+ &T H ~ eeTT. MTsT y+H & qT+& y[b+&
n ws> #b&T.
n|&T dTswt # ##+>,
e+<T edTe, e | nsTTb>H MT~ MT #sTkeTT. |&T MT
L& B neds+ @$T <T < ! e HjT sD dyT B =+THeTT.
n #|>,
eTTsHjT&T, q =&T,
e eeVs+ \<s. eTq B |&T |H$T <T. B
bdT\ &+& s+#Ty\+f \ bD+ edTq~. eT<\+
bdT\ <&T\T L& me> eHsTT. |&T eq jTdt.|., jseTTT
eTq<>Zs eqT *d eTq bD+ rk&T. *$ e> e{&<T. neds+
nsTTq|&T Te+{$ mHH <=sTsTT. n eT+<*+,
MTsT B rdT=by\qT+f, y+H &T rdTb+&, &
me d| e+&+ eT+~ <T. n #|>H,
dTswt + \d+ #jT&yT+<T &T |{, s 50,000 , n
e< qT+& 9 jT+.jT+. |d, < d]bjT T{ 50 u>T dsT=,
jT\T<s&T. Ms+ J| m>H, eTTs HjT&T,
MTsT eT\eT&T>T bjT <] s+&T bdT #bdT\T eHsTT. n&
C>> y+&. y jTT<+ L& bdT\ |T&, m{ |]dT\
L& e |sT jT|e<T. n e rdT= |+|+#&T.

64
 J| y>+> eT\eT&T>T y| |sT>Trd+~. n|&T deTjT+ s 8 >+
<{+~. eT\eT&T>T 20 .MT. <s+ s\T - &| \ ussY e+~.
n& bdT #bdT +~. n& d+{\T | yVH C>>
>eT+ nqTeq+ ed < D+> k< #d e+{sT. dTswt eTT+<T d{
&esY |q Ls= H&T. n y+ y[q $T> q\T>TsT J| yqT u>+
Ls= eHsT. jTT<+ eq u> yqT y| dT +< < |{ e+~.
bdt #bdT qT#| yTs s>H, dTswt, &esY
#bdT <>Z] s>H J| u> y>+ Z+ |P]> *|yjT+& yT\>
be+&T. e @ e+ >s |&+& +&T, $T> $wj\T HqT
#dT+{qT n #b&T.
MsT }V+qf #bdT e< <sT bdT\T {sY{ yd yVH
\|eT d+ #d HsT. J| &esY, dTswt #|qT +& u> y>+ Z+
yT\> <*H |{ bdTH&T. dTswt \ u> jT |{, yTeTT y>&T
de d+&c eT\eT&T>T bTHeTT. MTsT mesH eks? n @e+
=T|&+& n&>&T. < dT <sT, MsT @e+ nqTe+#<q
e\T < q$T y+H n> y[beT #bsT.
J| ysT mes .MT. <s+ <fes @$T e{&<T. J| d&T
L& |<> |+#<T. s &esY uw J| d&T u> |+,
@$T{ ksY ! MTsT #dq | ? H bD+ MT~ #T Hs ! eTT+<T>H
H #| e+f, V <e&T L& |qT J|| < <|{
e+<TqT <!! nsTTH MTsT H @e #|+&, { #d~ @$T u><T
ksY!!! n q X+ y>&T. < dTswt,

65
 @+ uc ! <+ eTT+< #| e e e#y&y @$T ? #|<
eTT+<T>H m+<T #|eT!! eeT\T @< eTT #|eTT!!! n
#b&T.
eT\eT&T>T 10 .MT., <s+, s sue s +&e #b dTq T | +,
#\ n&eTT +&<] 3 .MT., <s+ +& |<|* <] eT[+#sT. s
# b<TbsTTq s s|TTs$Ts& +{ #sTHsT. yTT+ eeVs+ n+
m+ sVd+> #dH, s|TTs$Ts& s s # jTT<\T d]+#&H
|sT >T|eT+~. s|T Ts$Ts& + = Xe +yT q jTT<\T L& d]+#&T.
>+|\ =~ HTu+T\T L& jsT #sTT+H&T. $<+> sTesZ\T, y]
y] , jTT< d+| |+#T= y{+| ~>sTT. qTy ! HH !! nHT
sTesZ\T jssTTHsTT.
}] yesDeT+ # >+;s+> js+~. m|&$T sT>TT+<
n n+<s +<q> eHsT. sE s s|TTs$Ts& #+~q, @|> |],
u> >\\T rdq, @&T ms\ ns{ qT $XH<s& eZjTT\T q] yXsT.
B s|TTs$Ts& VX&bj&T. ]q qw+ +f,
qT y] @$T <V+ #Xq |# |+qT HXq+ #Xs ybj&T.
H+> eTTs \T e<qTH, ne*ysT qqT s=+|
>T#THs, n u<|&&T. ]q qw+ @< ]+~, B HH y]
#\&jyq, ]q qw+ >T]+ dT L& |<T.
s|T Ts$Ts& eT+H ne*ysT #> q+> u$+, |fbjsT.
y] >&\ n&T n<T| +& bsTT+~. B+ s|T Ts$Ts& eZjT T\ eTTKTq
s$Ts&, ujT, =+&q, Hs&, |~s & yTT\>T ysT eT eTT L&\T=,
sE s b<TbsTTq s +&\T |>\>=f dyT\T { rdT=

66
ne*y] \ e< ysT. n& mesT e* L& sT. ysT ]
e< y[ n& eq m\ y{sqT |>\>=&+ yTT<\T |{sT. <<| 20
y{sT |>T\>={ ] +{ #sT=HsT.
B |<| * |]d DD eT+& n>T+&+> j s + ~. M~ bs{\T
L& yTT<\jsTT. sTesZ\T ]| sT dT\T HsTT+#THsT. bdT
jT++>+ eTTs ><\qT s|eb\, eTTs HjT\| b<+ y|Tq
deTjT+, |<|* |]De\ nT bdT esZ\, T s
eTTs HjT, #sj+X\jsTT. |sekq+> s|TTs$Ts&q bdT
mksY =\+#sT. n+ neds+ nqT+f, n|{ y] Ju\T H\ <<|
4 y\ sbjT\T, |uT #*+ bdt mksYqT |Te#T n *bsT.
s|TTs$Ts& ] |]d H_q+ nsTTq+<Tq bdt mksY Ju\T
|T bj&T.
|<| * |]d e+&> seTT k+ }sT =| * n +& >+s&
s>+ D++~. H >+s& ujT|& nDeTD eq q }] n
esZ\ysT m<TsT ]>sT. eTTqT| <sq+> >+s& $T+#Tq d\qT,
ueTT\qT y{ yTq V<sT\T ] kBq|s#T +T+f >+s& #d
}sTH&T. m+<T+f qT e<| + e\ XV qT&HH q, |&T q ||T {+#
X <, q s q esT&T q+{ y& e+f deTd\ q+
njT$ e \#&T. nsTTH L& >+s& seTTqT m<TsT<& n&TeT
s&T. , seTT y]H deT]+,
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qT+& qH+ n|s|+> #dT=q *<+&T\T $<+> <w+> #&&+

67
seTT U< *++~. , qT HjT+ y| * +& b >T]
nj&T.
>+s& dV> eT+ Cq+ *q y&>T#
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#dq sT>TuTqT eTq+> u]+#&T. $<+>, >+s& me] ujT|&
}s+ *dH, m<Ts=& bs&H&, |&T Xs X D + q s, eqd+ >
ujT|& bsTTH, q z{$T n+^]+ |]dT\ \e+#&T.
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L& q | |= |X||&<T. >+s& e] <X, seTT, n
n$<\ de\+~+ q | <s HsysT=H&T. $<+> >+s& qH{
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m+ eT+~ XTej&T. es @$T y+ uT= b+&H |s > T &j &T.
q +& eeVsX* n&T>&T>Tq sd+q seTT, nqT q MT< #|q |eTqT
mq{ eTsb&T.
~ e+&>, eTsT q =+<sT s|T Ts$Ts& eZjT T\T |rs b\+
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n&& #+| |ssbjsT. qT+& ]q V\ yTT+ bdT
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b<+ nyj\ ssTT++~. V\T #dq y+H, s|TTs$Ts&
dV n eZjT T\+ |ss bjsT. ysT bdT\ # m+{ y~+ |\
>T] e\d edT+< }V+#T=, me] d++<eTT, esTeT\
b+ bsTT <HsT. V\T ] ys+ sE\T nsTTH, bdT\T me]

68
nsdt #jTbe&+ yTTeTT MT&j n+ >>Z\T |{+~. y+H eT\eT&T>T
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n s&T.
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V s|TTs$Ts& b @$T <T. n d++<+ +&H =+<sT
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es y] kes+ qT=, me] #|+& H=& esTeT\ b+
y[, q eeT s|TTs$Ts& \TdT=,
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e s+&E\ >&Te y*, eT&e sE yTeT+ | bdT\
+beTT, n #b&T.
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&| e#&T. seTT m+ *yq y&H bdT\ H+ |d> bj&T. qqT
c& b yq+f eq~ seTT *jTH *jT<T. seTT kjT++ 4 >+\
deTjT+ s|T Ts$Ts& n eZjT T\qT \TdTH&T. n< sE s 9 >+\
s|T Ts$Ts&, n eZjT T\T <>T= eq }] <<| 75 eT+~ ]sY& d T,
<T>TsT md\T, eTT>TZsT d..\T, <sT &.jTdt.|.\T k]> ny|\ qT+&

69
#TTeTT{ & dsY <s Ms+<] +beT, #, re |]De\qT
m<Ts=q e\d edT+< |< |< V#]+#sT.
s|TTs$Ts& q eZjTT\+<] +beT eTs+> b]be
|jT+#e< m+> #|H, =+<sT eTs+> }] |H eq n&$
b]bjsT. s|TTs$Ts& dV # eT+~ eTT<sTT\qT nsdt #d bdT d&
s*+#sT. b]bsTTq q\T>T] dsY b\T y+{&, y] |T= u>
{+> #sT.
~ e+&>, }] $XH<s & eZjT T\T s bjsT. &y], |\\ qT,
e<T\qT @$T nq<T, , y] eZjTT\ dT\qT <+d+ #d< |PqT=HsT.
s|TTs$Ts& esZ #+~q |+ b\q+ |Xe\ =+ |+\qT n+
HXq+ #XsT. y] #+~q 4 {sqT *yXsT. =+<] | yXsT.
|<|* |]dT\T s>T\T e+&>, nsdt nsTTq s|TTs$Ts&, E&wjT
d& s*+#&&T. }] sT>TTq $<+k bdT\T y]+#sT. |<|*
|&T bdt |Vs +~. |&T, n& mTe+{ ny+#jTyTq d+|Tq\T
s>+ <T. $<+> 3 H\\T >&bjsTT.
s|TTs$Ts& n eZjTT\ usTT \_++~. s|TTs$Ts& |<|
]e#&T. q eTTqT| eq bdt mksY rdydq+<T e\ m& bsTTH
@&T, m$T~ eT+~ q sD> &T |\T#T yy&T. ysT, |&u\T,
y=&e jTT<\T> <]+#ysT. s|TTs$Ts& e+ qT eTT+< = eq 9
jT+.jT+. |d m|& |P]> &T #d V+& u>T |T= @eTsTbT
+& y+ rdT= yy&T. sE s|TTs$Ts& @< |MT< J| q
&T> m$T~ eT+~ nqT#sT\ &| jT\T <s&T.

70
 bdT\T bdt\T m& |+H neT jTT<\ =s k< #dysT.
s|T Ts$Ts& J| eT\eT&T>T eq sT y, n& qT+ &| , b<T sT
MT< b u>T+T+< ? eTT<TqsT MT< b u>T+T+<? n +,
es eTT<Tq sT MT< nsTT bdT\ u&< e n eTT<Tq sT y| jT\T<ssT.
d]>Z eTT<TqsT H\T>T s& L&* <>Z]> e# d], n& bdT\T n
yVH\qT k< #dT+&~ >eT+#sT. n|{ \deTsTT+~. bdT\T
M yVH #&H #XsT. |&T yq | y] | nqTeq+ edT+ <,
|e< >V+, s|TTs$Ts& q e< >\ jTT<+ eq u>TqT y+H yq\
LsTq y] , dT +< |eT #b&T. ysT n> #XsT. J| bdT
#bdt dMT|+#>H n& eq H|sY s|TTs$Ts& >eT+,
zV! |<| * s|T Ts$Ts& >s !! MT e< | @< jTT<+ e+&!!!
nq y+H, bdT\T n+ J| #TT eTT{sT. H|sY, MTs+ +<
~>+& n VQ+]+#sT. J| &e sY L& *| n+ 9 eT+~ HsT. ys+<]
esTd> \&eT n+<] k< #XsT. s|T Ts$Ts& e< | n+<] e< |&u \T
<=]sTT. n|&T H|sY >{>,
@$T{? MTs+ @<H Hs+ #d< jT\T <ss ?
n n&>&T. n+<T s|TTs$Ts&
<T ksY! e e sD =s e+#THeTT!! n+ yTeTT @ Hs+
#d< be&+ <T!!! n nH&T.
ds! MT J| + m jTT<\T <=sTj #keTT!!
n, eTT>TZsT dTqT J|qT D+> k< #jTeT s&T. y]
H\T>T y =&e |+#sTT. n$ H|sY e< |{sT. n|&T H|sY,

71
 M] e< | |sY sY e+{sTT. d +< + e{ +< u>
y+&,
n nH&T. e $q>H s|TTs$Ts& dV $T> ys+ Vw
bjsT. eT]=~ d|{ |.d. ksY & dT +< u> +~. +<T
@< jTT<+ eqT+~
n u> H|sY #&T. H|sY u> s n+<T edTeqT
#d q qT H qeT nXs >T] nj&T. m+<T+f n+<T eq~
w< usY *q 9 jT+.jT+. |d. n|&T H|sY,
Ms+<] y+H nsdt #jT+&,
n >{> n]#&T. n+<] dwH rdT[ bdT |< +s>{
#ksT. nsTTH eT$T *jT<, n~ dT +~ m e+< *jTH *jT<,
VQX, eTqT ]+#< ysesH < s dT+< #ssyq #bsT.
d+CsTTw bdT ysT qeTbsTTH, + #d~ jT|t..sY. dH 3(1),
dH 25 (1m) (1_), eT]jTT dH 7(1) |t ~ |sY sY j 1959, s&$Y |sY
sY s 1962, dH\ +< w~+#&q 9 jT+.jT+. |d *q+<T
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HjT n$ eT sD =s eyT +#THeT, 9 jT+.jT+. |d
>T]+ yT] @MT *jT< #bsT. yTd{ n+<] 15 sE\ E&wjT
]e+& $~+#sT. dT 15 sE\ ysTT< yXsT.
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|qT\ b\&e\d e+<, w~+#&q jTT< m+<T * eHs #b\
n&>&T. n+<T s|TTs$Ts& eT es eZjTT\T qqT Ves& ePV+

72
|qTTHs, q bdt mksY L& rdyd H s, { |]d T \ qT sD
eyT jTT< e+#THq, q @ HseT #d <X+ < #b&T.
q eeT s|TTs$Ts& s yTs ||ts& nH djTsY e\T <s usTT
|{wH | #XsT. $#sD s|TTs$Ts& e\T eTT<sTT e] |d >T]+
@ e+ *jT< |&u\T e+ eT sD =s eT e< +#THs
eT <sT\qT dT ]+#T mes eTT+<T>H +{e< eq J|
jTT< e+#s q <sT\+ sw\ s|TTs$Ts& &| eq q
es e< @< | MT< jT\T<] yH&, n m&, me]|H Hs+
#d <X+ <, qT q <sT\+ sw\ y] usTT\| $&T<\
#jTe#Tq y~+#&T.
< |uT HjTy~ MsT * eq~ w~ 9 jT+.jT+. usY |d
n, B |j+#&+ e\ m<T{ y bD\T dT\u+> rjTe#Tq, M]
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]>jT, eTT<sTT\ # eT+~ dT\ +~T\, M] $&T<\ #d,
MsT k\qT sTesT#ks , qT, m{ |]d T \ usTT eT+psT #jT L&<
y~+#&T. y<q $q HjTeT], |uT HjTy~ @u$ d usTT |{w H
={ yXsT.
=~sE\ s dT bdt Hyd>wH |P] nsTTq+<Te\ bdT\T
#sYwT | #XsT. n|&T dT $#sD e+~. k] L& s|TTs$Ts&
eZjTT\ s|q ||ts& nH djTsY HjTy~ y~dTH&T. s|TTs$Ts& +
s eTT<sTT\T usTT \_+# +&H $#sDqT m<Ts=+THsT. |uT HjTy~
k\qT esTd> $#]+#sT. eTT<TqsT H\T>Ts& L&* k< #dq
bdT\q+<] $#]+#sT. s |+#He sV+q k\qT L&

73
$#]+#sT. n+<s bdLwH nqTL\+> k+ #|HsT. s|TTs$Ts&
e< | $T*q ys+<] e< |&u \T <=]jT, s y > J| yqTu >+
q dT +< w< jTT<+ eq u> <=]+< #bsT. s &|H HjTy~
k\+<] dt m>$TH #XsT. n+<s bdLwH #|qf #|HsT.
sT y, |uT HjTy~ $<+ > q y<qqT $|+#&T. |dT e TT
sjT\deT H\=q eTTs\ d+d e\ m+ eT+~ J$\T HXqeTeT HjT,
{ |]dT\ w< 9jT+.jT+. usY |d *e+&&+ reyTq HseT,
jTT< n+<s *d dT +< <#s, n+<s *d, jTT< n&
|{sT qT, n+<s HsdTq, eq n+<s sTq, w< jTT< *
eq+<T $~+# n+<] deq+> $~+#\ q y<qqT eTT+#&T.
B &|qT HjTy~ $<+> q y<qqT $|+#&T, w< jTT<+
9 jT+.jT+. |d M] @ ] e< <=s< n~ bdT\T J| dT +<
eyT qT>=Hs, qT M] @ ] <w\T> |]>D+#eT eTT<sTT\T
#|qT eTT+<T sE s, ysesH jTT< J| dT +< |{
+&e#Tq, qT, eT <sT\T sw\, y+H y] $&T<\ #j\
b]+#&T.
sTe] y<q\T $q HjTeT], |uT HjTy~ y<q @u$+,
M] @<H Hs+ #d e<X + b sTTH, |e<s y T q w< jTT<e TT 9 jT+.jT+.
|d * eq+<T Ms+<] 5 d+\ ]q s>s $~+#sT.
s|TTs$Ts& dV HsdT\+<] d+<u< d+ C\T s*+#sT.
$<+> s|TTs$Ts& C\T J$+ bs+ueTsTT+~. UB\+<s C\T jTb+
<] +#*. =], s +&T\ \ jTqT,sT sTT#sT. Ms+<s eekjT+
nqTueeTTq ysT eq, M] C\T | b\+ |qT\T n|+#sT. |sp

74
MsT C\T | eekjT+ #j*.
| sp <jTyT , 6 >+\ + { , me] |qT\ ysT
by*. ] 11 >+\ \+#Yu, uqeTT n+<s L \& y]q
|{ \ |{+ #T=qeqT. VseTT |]$T+> +T+~. eTs 12:30 eTTweTT\
{ | y*. kjT+eTT 4 >+\ es |#j*. kjT+eTT 4
>+\ n+<] uqeTT |&sT. y+H n+<] us\ + \T
yksT. sTy <jT+ esL \T rjTsT. {sTT{ | +{sTT. |*
UB\ <*\qT 24 >+ d+{\T >eTd +{sT. mesH C\T n~sT\MT~
s>&H < eT+f \VqTq UB\MT< <sq+ #dH y] e+]>
s+~ksT. $<+> s+~+q y] +e]q d++<+ +&<T. e\+
Vs+ eyT ksT. BH k* H|HyT+{ n+{sT. @++
u]+#s~> +T+~. m+d|H eTTc\T L& >&Tee. $<+> sE
>&b\+f jTT>+ >&|qT +T+~. |&qysT sTy C\T |
#j\+f { s+&TesT ksT.
n+esL m+ >=|> q s|T Ts$Ts& C\ T J$+ n\yT e&
# deTjTyT |{+~. eqd+> # +bj&T. m+<T=q ~|bsT?
J$+ D+ L& eTqX+ <T. J$ u< <T. m+<T +{
T? n e< #+<&T. n+<s n+&> +f <sqeTT #d H n+{ y&T
& $sM>&+ yqT, +{ y<q +T+< *jT # eT+~ eTTs
\ sTbT+{sT. sT\T, \qT |rs+ deTT ee. e\q C\T
J$+ >&T|Tq HsdT&T, m|& k] $eTs #dT=, qT #dq |
|X||& |]esq #+<T&H \qT $~ksT.
w~+|&q jTT<eTT * +&T HseT eTTs HjT\T

75
 u$+|qq, jTT<eTT# HseTT #jTT neXeTTq~ qT n~ K+>
syT. + jTT<\T e m+<T? eTTs\ e\qH < ! Be\q
me]H dTeT+H ueTT+< ? n+ qwyT ! qT s|TTs$Ts& eTTs
\ dd #b\ ssTT+#TH&T.
eT&T H\\T >& bjsTT. sE s, seTT sE V <su<T
bsTT e HqqT #d e<eTT, n> jTq sT q rsT| VsT
n|\T #<eTT n #|+~. < seTT ds n #|, nedsyTq dT | n
rdT= V <su<T jT\T<] ysT. seTT V <su<T q dVT&q V sT
e\T ns$+< qT *d s|TTs$Ts& >] dT >T]+ #]+, dT |\T n
, m>H dT k #jTeT #b&T. ns$+< VsT n|\T #d
d+ D+> |]o*+#&T. jT|.t .sY. w~+|&q jTT<e TT J| yqTd T
<=]+< yXsT. |+> |H y] e< <=]+< @MT keTT <T, nsTTH
n+<]MT< #sdt ybsT. n+<] |&+~. ns$+< bsTT+{ n H{
#dTH&T.
VsT dT $#sD e+~. $#sD ns$+< bV_f& usY |d
me] e< qT+& kBqeTT #dT=q<, < J| yqT dT +< qT+& kBq
|s#THs, qT, n~ |H ysT n& +#sq{ <syTMT <, qT,
Ms+<] +#T ndeT+deT y~+#&T. |_ bdLsY, n+<s *d
< n& +#s, n+<] n~ n& +<q d+> \TdTq, qT n+<s
sTq, $<+> +~ sT q rsT dsq<q y~+#&T. nsTT VsT
HjTeT], |uT HjTy~ y<q @u$+# me] e< w< jTT<
J| qT>=HsT. n~ n& mesT |{s dsq <seTT <T. qT, u|{ |t
&{ +< n+<] sw\T> u$+#e#Tq, +~ sT q rsT ={yXsT.

76
 eT&T H\\ C\ T J$eTT sT y s|T Ts$Ts& + n nqT#sT \T m$T~
eT+~ sw\T> jT{ e#sT. s|TTs$Ts& |]esq #+~q e> + eTTs
\C* yL&< ssTT+#TH&T.
eT]= sE\ sTy |<|* eT&T V\ dT $#sD e+~.
nsTT, dT Hse TT d++<e TT s|T Ts$Ts& , + =+<] nHjT+>
eTT<sTT\T> #]q+<Te\q, bdT\ $#sD $wj \ dwe TsTTq+<Te\q,
bdT\T, sTesZ\ u+<eeTT q |eTTKT\qT |*|+, eTTs\T
nH>]yTq eed ySqT=q d+|<jTeT, n_e~ #+~q H{ s+
y{+ =qk+#&+ eTs eT, qT sTesZ\qT y+H sJ#jT eT #bsT.
eJ myT *+>s&, seTT, + =+<] #=se sTesZ\L eTTKTq
ys+<] # #], eTTs\ e\q m+eT+~ bD\T b>=THs,
m+eT+~ m+{ qsjq nqTu$+#s, ++eT+~ eT J$\qT C\T
>&\ eT< eT>ZuTHs, n+<] $e]+#sT. sTy }] eTTs\
d++<eTTq ys+<] # #], y] bH d+d, $&H&TeT,
MT< eTTs\T eT | #sTT+#sT. $<+> |<|* $Tq dT\
e| nsTTq$. |uTeTT #=se yT\es+ bC qT+&, |<|* ueTT\ {
d<TbjT+ deTL]+~. eTT+<T>H kse+eTsTTq H\, < &T e\dq+
sT, sT\+ w|& |#d |&T sTsT |+\T |+&dTHsT. $<+> |~
d+es\T >&bjsTT. H&T sH |<|* s|sK e]bjsTT. |&T
|<|* mTe+{ \ <s >eTeTT. |\\+ $<e+T, q $<\qT
nu ddT H sT. s T \+ eT+ |+\T |+&d |X+yT q J$ >&T |#THsT.
|<|* eTTs\ |u$T&q n&{ seTT, sjT\deT

77
H\=q d+d s|e|+<T qe+T w> sjT\deT X+ d+|T+
nH d#+ < d+dq T k|+ #&T. d+|T eTT sjT\deT WV\T
duT \T> #ssT. Ms+ #eTT $<e+T. MsT ss TT+#Tq se\
eTTK+> eTTs\ deTeTjT >e\qT mqTy*. n& sTesZ\qT
d+|~+, j >e\ X+ k|q w#jT&+ n{H eTTKyTq
seT+.
+<T u>+> >e+ *| *+> e&+, n+<T >eT \
e\q e# wqc\T n+<T ]> V+d, <sqeTT y{ e\q *> |]De\T
bDqweTT, neeqeTT, nu<, C\T J$+, ]+> be&+, M{
>T]+ $es+> $XB]ksT. |\\T $<|s+> m qwbs, eekjT |s+>
sT\T |+\T |+&+#T b\\qT m ; |T+{s $e]ksT.
+ |jd|& J$H |D+> |{ eTTs \ #jTT bs{\ <s
me]H dTeT+H u+ +< ? <H< n+<] de<q+. eT] qwy nbs+.
qT mesT L& DyTq yX\ bsTT, eTTs\qT e<, \
d$T<\T e<, >eTdT\+<] d+<X$TksT. y] |+ n+<]# eTTs
\T eTT n y]# | #sTTksT.+=+<] e> *+> e&+ M]
seTeTT u>+. +<T eTTs \ >jT|&q , < ]+ > qwb sTTH,
< eTy] b>=Tqy] |seT]+, y] q HjT+ #LsTT+<
usk sTT, eTT m{ |]dT\q #{ eT #T\ rdTe<,
|rs<&T\ b\&e< <~ksT. #+ q | qT #dTbT+<,
| HjT sT>TT+<, n+<T=s + #&eT, d\V sTTksT.
$<+>, X+ d+|TeTT sjT\deT eTTs\Tq n b+\T
|s {+ bdT\ dV ]d, eTTs\ qT s|e|, sjT\deT XX X+

78
u\T yde+~.
eTT+|
1990e d+ b++ qT+& +< |<X n~s+ eq |uT \T sjT\deT
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