Name Ke A Patod ‘Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations When a substance undergoes a chemical reaction, chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed, This results in one or more new substancss often wih entirely different properties. The"hgeedients” or starting ‘material na chemical reaction ae referred to as reactants and the substances produced inthe reaction are talled products, A chemical equation sa chemists method of showing he changes inthe arrangement of atoms that orcurduringa chemical reaction. How to Write and Balance Chemical Equation: 1 Ldentify the reactants and products ofthe reaction. Reactans will appear onthe left and products wll appear on the right. 2. Write the corect formula for each of the reactants and products. Ia reactant or products a gs, itshould ‘be followed bythe symbol (g. Sinilvly, sli should be followed by (8) and liquids by (1). Ia substance |sdissolve in water, it shouldbe fllowed by the symbol (ag), whichis short forthe Latin word aqueous. Note: Some clements exist as molecules rather than ust atoms, You ae responsible for memorizing the 17 “diatom elements: Hy Na Os Fy Cl Bry, ky The datomic elements are only diatom when they are ALONE (not partof compound). ‘3. Balance each equation using coefficients that appear in front of each reactant or product, You may not change the subseripts in a formula In order to balance an equation. These subscripts define the ‘compounds. Youmay only use coefficients? 4, There fsno single method for balancing a chemical equation, but here isa suggested strategy: + First balance metal atoms or atoms that occur only once onthe reactant sie and once on the product side, 4+ Next. balance everything excep hydrogen and oxygen + Next balance the hydrogens ‘+ Finally, balance the oxygens. + othertips: ‘© Balance polyatomic ions as polyatomic ions, not as individual atoms, where possible. (For ‘example: f"culfate” appears on bath ses of an equation count each "S04!" as one sulfate, "rather than one sulfur and four oxygens. ‘© yo havean odd numberof atoms on one side oan equation and an even number onthe other sde ofthe equation, make the odd number even by doubling the coeiclent. Then backand balance everything else, 5. Check to see that overy atom that appears onthe let side ofthe equation also appears onthe right side. Remembers the law of conservatton states that that the same number of each atom must appear on Doth sides ofthe equati Beamples Carbon + Oxygen > Carbon Monoxide ‘White te formulasfor the species: _ cfs) + _x(g)—> _cO(g) Use coefficients to balance the equation: 23) + Ox) > 2.CO(@) ‘Check tose that itisbalanced: there aro 2 carbons and 2 oxygens on each sideBalancing Chemical Equations - Worksheet #1 Balance the following een equtions 1 n+ Wragg >A ner +2 so 2 Ax(9 + 2.1400) > 2 Kon faq) + __H@ 3. 3 ve +1 (@) > Monel Q_Nation (3) DL Nanon (3) + 028) . Degoup(s + DaPo.(aq) > —catPode (9 + (01.009 6 og) + Bo @ > Seo) +A noe -2nts(@)+ 0219 2 no + Bm 8 vi(g) + Sth i > S2NHs(@) 9, _NaxCOs (5) + LQHCI (aq) > ED NaCl (aq) + C02 (e) +120 (0) 10, _eansoa gy + 4 024 > 3 .cont@ + Dsi0@) 11 Ani) + Qo > 1 + Beaty + Stow 12,__cu(6) + DAgnon (ag) > lag is) + —cutton a) 13.__Calindu (6) + Y.or(@ > 1A.co® + || mow 14 L006) + 0119 > “Avene 15,__C52 (I) + QL.NHa(@) > __1hs (@) + _NHASCN() 16,__NaOH (aq) + HNO, (aq) > __.NaNO> (aq) + _H20 ()Balancing Chemical Equations - Worksheet #2 Classifying Chemical Reactions ‘Most chemical reactions can be classified as one of these six basic reaction types: ‘= Synthesis (combination) ‘© Decomposition ‘© Single Replacement (oxidation-reduetion) ‘© Double Replacement (precipitation) ‘© Acid-Base (neutralization) © Combustion ‘White balanced equations for each ofthe following examples: 4, Synthesis Reaction: A + B > AB Sodlum (3) + chlorine (g) -» sodium chloride (5) QNa + Clo ~ QNac} 2. Decomposition Reaction: AB—> A+B sodium bicarbonate (s}-> carbon dioxide (g) + sodium carbonate (3) + water (0) Nave, —7 Coy + Nay + H,0 3. Single Replacement Reactions: AB+C—> A+ CB hydrochloric acid, HCl (aq) + magnesium (s) ~> magnesium chloride (aq) + hydrogen (g) OREM S MgCly Hy 4, Double Replacement Reactions: AB + CD >. AD + CB calcium chloride (aq) + ammonium hydroxide (aq) ~ calcium hydroxide (s) + ammonium chloride Gacly rANWZOW > CacoW)p NH, Cl 5, Acld-Base Reactions: HA+ BOH > BA + 1:0 Sulfur Actd, S04 (aq) + potassium hydroxide (aq) > potassium sulfate (aq) + water (2) B28, +9KOW => K,SO, + AHZO 6, Combustion Reactions: Fuel + 0x(¢) > C02(g) + H20(e) Hexane, Calls () + oxygen (g) > carbon dioxide (g) + water (a) ACithy Og —PlQCOg HHH, ©Balancing Chemical Equations - Worksheet #3 ‘Wnite balanced chemlcal equations fr each of the folowing and then classify each reaction asa synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, double replacement, acid-base reaction, or combustion Be aware that some reactions may fall into more than ane category. Balanced Equation Txn Type T. hydrogen (a) + chlorine (g) > hydrogen chloride (@) Hy + Cl —PaHel 2 decane, Goa) + waygen (G) > carbon dioxide + water @) IC oH, IO, ~—P200O9 4UWALO Sombus} ‘3 magiestum chlorate (6) > magnesium chloride (@) + oxygen (@) MglClos)7 MgCl, +309 Com pes} 4 on) cove (aq) ammonium hydFxide aa) > on Gy hyaroxide + ammonium etre a) FeCla ABN Hy, 0H > felon), + i c Double replace, '&. chlorine (g) ¥ aluminum iodide (3) > aluminum chloride (5) + iodine (8) Clr AIT, ~PAACL, * TQ Single Feplacy 6. iron (3) + oxygen (a) > iron (1D oxide (6) RFe +30, > FeO. a 7 sllare acid (aq) * Whivm hydroxide (ag) > water) + tim sulfate (aq) Hyg *ALiOWk —PQM,O +AL,S0) iA Bd x Pow Symthestg wthas'g “ny Hon peat 2. e